CN111100957A - High-temperature liquid slag granulation and waste heat recovery method - Google Patents
High-temperature liquid slag granulation and waste heat recovery method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111100957A CN111100957A CN202010032699.5A CN202010032699A CN111100957A CN 111100957 A CN111100957 A CN 111100957A CN 202010032699 A CN202010032699 A CN 202010032699A CN 111100957 A CN111100957 A CN 111100957A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
- C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
- C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
- C21B3/08—Cooling slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
- C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
- C21B2400/022—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag
- C21B2400/024—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag with the direct use of steam or liquid coolants, e.g. water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
- C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
- C21B2400/022—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag
- C21B2400/026—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag using air, inert gases or removable conductive bodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
- C21B2400/05—Apparatus features
- C21B2400/052—Apparatus features including rotating parts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
- C21B2400/08—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes with energy recovery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature liquid slag granulation and waste heat recovery method, which comprises the steps of sequentially selecting low-temperature air, water and low-temperature carbon dioxide as heat exchange media, and exchanging heat with high-temperature liquid slag by adopting a three-section three-medium method to obtain normal-temperature solid slag and heat exchange media after absorbing heat; cooling small molten slag droplets formed after crushing high-temperature liquid molten slag by adopting low-temperature air to form high-temperature solid slag and high-temperature air; cooling the high-temperature solid slag by water to obtain medium-temperature solid slag and high-temperature water vapor; and carrying out countercurrent heat exchange on the low-temperature carbon dioxide and the medium-temperature solid slag to obtain normal-temperature solid slag and high-temperature carbon dioxide. According to the split type molten slag comprehensive utilization method of centrifugal granulation and three-stage heat exchange, water is not in direct contact with slag; the energy and resource attributes of the hot slag are fully considered, the heat in the hot slag is fully utilized through multi-step cooling, the low-temperature high-temperature slag which can be used as a raw material of novel plates and building floors is obtained, and the practice and popularization significance is great.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of recycling of metallurgical solid wastes, and particularly relates to a method for granulating high-temperature liquid molten slag and recycling waste heat.
Background
The high-temperature slag mainly comprises blast furnace slag, converter slag and electric furnace slag which are respectively generated in the blast furnace ironmaking process and the converter or electric furnace steelmaking process, and the temperature of the high-temperature slag reaches 1500-1700 ℃; the high-temperature slag contains huge heat energy.
The greater the steel production, the correspondingly greater the amount of slag. According to statistics, in 2018, the accumulated yield of Chinese pig iron, crude steel and steel is 7.71 hundred million tons, 9.28 million tons and 11.06 million tons respectively, and approximately 2.8 million tons of blast furnace slag and 1.4 million tons of steel slag are correspondingly generated. If it is 1.7 x 10 per ton of slag9J slag enthalpy is calculated, and the heat quantity in the high-temperature slag exceeds 7.1 x 1017J, equivalent to 2425 ten thousand tons of standard coal. At present, due to the imperfect elbow stopping and recovery technology of the recovery technology, the heat recovery efficiency of the high-temperature slag is low, only less than 3 percent of heat is recovered at present, and a large amount of high-grade heat is wasted.
Blast furnace slag is produced in a blast furnace ironmaking process, the annual production amount of the blast furnace slag in China is 2.8 hundred million tons at present, and the utilization rate of the blast furnace slag is about 70-85%; the common blast furnace slag treatment processes mainly comprise a Lhasa method, a Mingtai method, a bottom filtration method, a Yinba method and the like. The existing blast furnace slag treatment method mainly comprises a water slag flushing method; through the technical development of hundreds of years, the blast furnace slag flushing process can realize safe operation and resource utilization of the granulated slag, but the blast furnace slag flushing process faces the problem of heat energy waste. More seriously, the slag flushing method still needs to consume a large amount of new water and simultaneously has SO2And the emission of harmful gases and the like. As environmental considerations become more and more important, significant improvements in blast furnace slag handling are imperative.
The steel slag is waste slag generated in the steel-making process, the utilization rate of the steel slag is lower than that of high-temperature slag, the generation rate of the steel slag is 10-15% of the yield of crude steel, the total global production of the steel slag is about 2 hundred million tons, and the annual high-temperature steel-making slag amount of China is about 1.2 hundred million tons. According to the requirements of related planning, the comprehensive utilization rate of the steel slag in China is above 86%, and the comprehensive utilization rate of the steel slag reaches 90% by 2020; however, the current situation of the current comprehensive utilization of China is far away from the situation, the utilization rate of the current steel slag is low, about 20%, the annual accumulation amount of the steel slag in China is more than 8000 ten thousand tons, and the accumulated accumulation amount of the steel slag is more than 11 hundred million tons; and sensible heat in the steel slag can not be utilized industrially, the added values of products such as cement and concrete are low, and the obtained products are poor in quality, so that a lot of roadbed materials crack. Because steel slag produced by domestic steel enterprises cannot be treated in time and is accumulated in a large amount, a large amount of steel slag occupies land and pollutes the environment, but the steel slag is not unusable solid waste and contains a large amount of usable components such as slag steel, calcium oxide, iron, magnesium oxide and the like, the method is also necessary and urgent to develop the recycling value of the steel slag by selecting a proper treatment process and a proper utilization way for creating economic and environmental benefits for the steel enterprises.
In conclusion, the yield of the high-temperature slag in China is increased year by year, the treatment of the high-temperature slag is under the double pressure of inventory and increment, and the waste heat recovery has important practical significance on environmental protection and reduction of production cost. In the face of serious resource waste and SO of the traditional blast furnace water slag flushing process2The problems of large harmful gas emission, difficult process heat recovery and difficult comprehensive utilization of steel slag are solved, and the steel industry needs to research and develop a new comprehensive utilization process of high-temperature molten slag, which can effectively improve heat recovery and reduce harmful gas emission.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for granulating high-temperature liquid slag and recovering waste heat.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for granulating high-temperature liquid slag and recovering waste heat sequentially selects low-temperature air, water and low-temperature carbon dioxide as heat exchange media, and adopts a three-section three-medium method to exchange heat with the high-temperature liquid slag to obtain normal-temperature solid slag and the heat exchange media after heat absorption.
In the above technical solution, the method for granulating high-temperature liquid slag and recovering waste heat includes the following steps:
s1, cooling slag droplets formed after the high-temperature liquid slag is crushed by adopting high-speed low-temperature air to form high-temperature solid slag and high-temperature air;
s2, cooling the high-temperature solid slag obtained in the step S1 by water to obtain medium-temperature solid slag and high-temperature water vapor;
and S3, carrying out countercurrent heat exchange on the low-temperature carbon dioxide and the medium-temperature solid slag obtained in the step S2, and further cooling and stabilizing the medium-temperature solid slag to obtain the normal-temperature solid slag and the high-temperature carbon dioxide.
Further, in the above technical solution, the method for granulating high-temperature liquid slag and recovering waste heat further comprises further recovering and utilizing waste heat of high-temperature air, high-temperature steam and high-temperature carbon dioxide.
Specifically, in the above technical solution, the high-temperature air obtained in step S1 and the high-temperature carbon dioxide obtained in step S3 are heat exchanged with a water-cooled heat exchanger, and the high-temperature steam obtained through the heat exchange and the high-temperature steam obtained in step S2 are used for power generation.
Still further, in the above technical solution, in step S1, the high temperature liquid slag is broken into small slag droplets by a centrifugal granulation method.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S1 is to crush the high temperature liquid slag into small slag droplets at high temperature by centrifugal granulation, and rapidly cool the small slag droplets by high speed low temperature air to solidify the small slag droplets to obtain spherical high temperature solid slag with hard surface.
In detail, in the above technical solution, the temperature of the small slag droplets is 1150-1250 ℃.
Still further, in the above technical solution, the high temperature liquid slag is any one of blast furnace slag, converter steelmaking slag, electric furnace steelmaking slag or coal-fired furnace slag, and the temperature is greater than 1700 ℃.
In an embodiment of the invention, the method for granulating high-temperature liquid slag and recovering waste heat further comprises the step of recycling the normal-temperature solid slag as a raw material of a novel building board.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention optimizes the original granulation-heat exchange integrated method into a split type slag comprehensive utilization method of centrifugal granulation and three-section heat exchange, the existing slag treatment technology is mainly a water quenching method, the method has the defects of a water resource usage method and environmental pollution, therefore, in the granulation-heat exchange integrated waste heat recovery method, water is not in direct contact with slag, and the technology has a great development prospect, wherein, the centrifugal granulation waste heat recovery method of the application firstly granulizes liquid high-temperature slag into solid particles through centrifugal granulation, and then in the falling process of the particles, the solid particles exchange heat with low-temperature air convection in the flying process, and simultaneously carry out radiation heat exchange with the surrounding environment, the particles are cooled and solidified continuously, the air temperature rises and can be utilized subsequently, and the particles can directly contact with a water cooling wall for heat exchange after flying, the water in the water-cooled wall and the slag are subjected to heat exchange to obtain water vapor which can be further utilized, so that the defect of the traditional water quenching method treatment is overcome;
(2) the multi-step multi-medium high-temperature liquid slag granulation and waste heat recovery method provided by the invention fully considers the energy and resource attributes of the hot slag, cools the hot slag through a multi-step method, fully utilizes the heat in the hot slag, and obtains the low-temperature high-temperature slag which can be used as a raw material of novel plates and building floors;
(3) the method for multi-step multi-medium high-temperature liquid slag granulation and waste heat recovery provided by the invention can effectively utilize the hot slag, realize the resource utilization and energy utilization of the hot slag, reduce the field resources occupied by stacking, and simultaneously meet the current situation of the existing slag utilization, thereby being beneficial to popularization in practice.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a technical circuit diagram of a multi-step multi-medium high-temperature liquid slag granulation and waste heat recovery method in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples.
The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified.
Materials, devices, and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for granulating high-temperature liquid slag and recovering waste heat in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing high-temperature liquid slag with the temperature of 1700 ℃ into slag droplets with the temperature of 1150-1250 ℃ by adopting a centrifugal granulation method at high temperature, simultaneously, rapidly cooling by adopting high-speed low-temperature air to obtain high-temperature slag droplets, so that the temperature is initially reduced, the slag droplets are solidified on the surface and are converted into hard spherical particles, the surface is completely converted into solid state to obtain high-temperature solid slag, the low-temperature air is converted into high-temperature air with the temperature of about 500 ℃ after heat exchange, cold water is heated into water vapor through a heat exchanger after being discharged by an exhaust system, the water vapor can be used for power generation of a waste heat boiler, and the high-temperature air after heat exchange is converted into low-temperature air which can be discharged or recycled through a flue gas treatment process;
s2, fully cooling the high-temperature solid slag obtained in the step S1 by adopting a water-cooled wall to obtain medium-temperature solid slag, wherein high-temperature steam obtained after heat exchange between the water-cooled wall and the slag can be used for a waste heat boiler to generate electricity;
s3, fully contacting the intermediate-temperature solid slag obtained in the step S2 with countercurrent low-temperature carbon dioxide, further stabilizing the slag by the carbon dioxide, converting free calcium oxide into calcium carbonate, releasing heat, converting the intermediate-temperature slag into low-temperature slag, and simultaneously obtaining high-temperature carbon dioxide gas; the high-temperature carbon dioxide heats cold water into steam through the heat exchanger, the steam can be used for power generation of a waste heat boiler, and the low-temperature carbon dioxide after heat exchange can be recycled.
Wherein the high-temperature liquid slag is any one of blast furnace slag, converter steelmaking slag, electric furnace steelmaking slag or coal-fired furnace slag, and the temperature is more than 1700 ℃.
Further, the room temperature solid slag obtained in step S3 can be further recycled as a raw material for a new building board.
In a specific embodiment, the system utilized by the high-temperature liquid slag granulation and waste heat recovery method mainly comprises an ① liquid slag buffering and drainage system, a ② liquid slag granulation system, a ③ slag first-stage cooling-heat exchange system (air), a ④ slag second-stage cooling-heat exchange system (water), a ⑤ slag third-stage cooling-heat exchange system (CO2), a ⑥ slag discharge and slag particle transport system, a ⑦ waste heat recovery and utilization system and a ⑧ tail gas treatment and discharge system.
The principle of the high-temperature liquid slag granulation and waste heat recovery method provided by the invention is as follows:
firstly, high-temperature liquid slag conveyed by a slag tanker and other devices enters a liquid slag buffer system, and the amount and flow rate of the slag entering a granulating system are controlled by a stopper rod.
Then, the liquid high-temperature slag enters a granulating system through a liquid slag buffering and drainage system, under the action of friction force and centrifugal force, the liquid high-temperature slag is thinned, filmed and crushed on a granulating disc rotating at a high speed, and is contracted into slag drops under the action of surface tension, moves to the edge along the center, and is thrown away along the tangential direction.
When the surface tension, viscosity and flow rate of the slag are constant, the diameter and the rotating speed of the disc determine the granulating effect of the slag; the slag particles leaving the disc are then finely divided into finer slag particles under the influence of air resistance, and cooled and solidified during flight, and finally the slag particles hit the cooling wall.
The first-stage heat exchange system of the slag provides longer flight time for the hot slag, so that the hot slag is initially cooled. In the process, a large amount of sensible heat of the slag exchanges heat with air in a radiation and convection mode to transfer the heat to the air in the granulating device; in the process, fresh cold air is continuously introduced, and high-temperature air is discharged to maintain the temperature level in the granulating device and improve the cooling effect of slag particles; the exhausted hot air obtains a large amount of heat energy; then, the outer shell of the granulation chamber is made into a water-cooled wall structure, and a plurality of water-cooled layers are arranged in the granulation chamber; the water wall is made of two layers of metal materials (such as steel plates and the like) with the thickness of 2-5mm, and circulating water can be filled in the middle.
The slag particles contact the cooling wall, exchange heat with the cooling wall intensely and gradually slide to the bottom, fully exchange heat with the cooling wall in the process, and are discharged through a slag discharge system after sliding to the bottom; and then, when the countercurrent heat exchange is carried out in the shaft furnace, the full contact between the granulated slag particles and the heat exchange carbon dioxide is realized in the process that the granulated slag particles are from the material inlet to the material outlet of the device, and meanwhile, the granulated slag particle group and the heat exchange carbon dioxide move in a countercurrent mode.
Finally, high-temperature air obtained by the slag first-stage cooling-heat exchange system is converted into low-temperature air after heat exchange with cold water, and the low-temperature air is discharged into a tail gas treatment and discharge system; the cold water is heated and then converted into high-temperature steam, and the high-temperature steam enters a waste heat boiler to generate power; high-temperature steam obtained by cold water heat exchange in a water cooling wall of the slag two-stage cooling heat exchange system can also enter a waste heat boiler for power generation; high-temperature carbon dioxide obtained by the slag three-section cooling heat exchange system is converted into low-temperature carbon dioxide after cold water exchanges heat, the low-temperature carbon dioxide can be recycled, and cold water can be converted into water vapor and can also enter a waste heat boiler for power generation; the obtained low-temperature air can be discharged into the atmosphere after passing through a desulfurization device and an air purification device.
Finally, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high-temperature liquid slag granulation and waste heat recovery method is characterized in that low-temperature air, water and low-temperature carbon dioxide are sequentially selected as heat exchange media, and a three-section three-medium method is adopted to exchange heat with high-temperature liquid slag to obtain normal-temperature solid slag and heat exchange media after heat absorption.
2. The method for granulation of high temperature liquid slag and recovery of residual heat according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
s1, cooling slag droplets formed after the high-temperature liquid slag is crushed by adopting high-speed low-temperature air to form high-temperature solid slag and high-temperature air;
s2, cooling the high-temperature solid slag obtained in the step S1 by water to obtain medium-temperature solid slag and high-temperature water vapor;
and S3, carrying out countercurrent heat exchange on the low-temperature carbon dioxide and the medium-temperature solid slag obtained in the step S2, and further cooling and stabilizing the medium-temperature solid slag to obtain the normal-temperature solid slag and the high-temperature carbon dioxide.
3. The method for granulation and waste heat recovery of high temperature liquid slag according to claim 2, further comprising further recycling waste heat of high temperature air, high temperature steam and high temperature carbon dioxide.
4. The high temperature liquid slag granulation and waste heat recovery method according to claim 3, wherein the high temperature air obtained in step S1 and the high temperature carbon dioxide obtained in step S3 are heat exchanged with a water cooled heat exchanger, and the high temperature steam obtained by the heat exchange and the high temperature steam obtained in step S2 are used for power generation.
5. The method for granulation and waste heat recovery of high temperature molten slag according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein in step S1, the high temperature molten slag is broken into small molten slag droplets by centrifugal granulation.
6. The method for granulating high-temperature liquid slag and recovering waste heat according to claim 5, wherein the step S1 is to crush the high-temperature liquid slag into small slag droplets at a high temperature by centrifugal granulation, and rapidly cool the small slag droplets by high-speed low-temperature air to solidify the surfaces of the small slag droplets to obtain spherical high-temperature solid slag with hard surfaces.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the temperature of the molten slag droplets is 1150-1250 ℃.
8. The method for granulation and waste heat recovery of high temperature liquid slag according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the high temperature liquid slag is any one of blast furnace slag, converter steelmaking slag, electric furnace steelmaking slag or coal furnace slag, and has a temperature of more than 1700 ℃.
9. The method for granulation of high temperature liquid slag and recovery of residual heat according to any of claims 1 to 8, further comprising recycling the normal temperature solid slag as a raw material for new building boards.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI797001B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2023-03-21 | 日商杰富意鋼鐵股份有限公司 | Heat supply estimation method, heat supply estimation device, heat supply estimation program, and blast furnace operation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TWI797001B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2023-03-21 | 日商杰富意鋼鐵股份有限公司 | Heat supply estimation method, heat supply estimation device, heat supply estimation program, and blast furnace operation method |
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Application publication date: 20200505 |