CN111100879A - Livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment and resource comprehensive utilization scheme - Google Patents
Livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment and resource comprehensive utilization scheme Download PDFInfo
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- CN111100879A CN111100879A CN201811266927.4A CN201811266927A CN111100879A CN 111100879 A CN111100879 A CN 111100879A CN 201811266927 A CN201811266927 A CN 201811266927A CN 111100879 A CN111100879 A CN 111100879A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Abstract
The invention discloses a livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment and resource comprehensive utilization scheme, which comprises the following steps: aiming at solving the problems of lack of comprehensive consciousness, rigid thought, one-sided engineering design, single disposal method and disjointed pollution control and resource utilization in the existing livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment. Dividing the livestock and poultry breeding waste into three types of solid, liquid and gas according to the form of the initial discharge and pretreatment of substances, and performing comprehensive and differential treatment on the livestock and poultry breeding waste by differentiation analysis, combining with resource requirements and selecting mature engineering technology; the method ensures effective purification of the sewage and the waste, and simultaneously converts available pollution components into available resources, such as ecological fertilizer, nutrient biogas slurry, recycled reclaimed water and biogas. The scheme of the invention not only emphasizes pollution treatment, but also emphasizes resource utilization, takes overall consideration into consideration, protects ecological environment, fully utilizes 'waste' resources, saves energy, reduces consumption and realizes 'green ecological agricultural circulation and sustainable development concept' in true meaning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment and recycling comprehensive utilization scheme, which is suitable for the field of livestock and poultry breeding waste recycling and treatment of various scales. Through the differential analysis of the quality and the form of the livestock and poultry waste and the resource demand, the livestock and poultry waste is converted into organic fertilizer, biogas fertilizer (liquid), irrigation water, biogas and the like with agricultural production and utilization values by adopting a scientific recycling technical means, so that the utilization of the waste and poultry resources is realized, the harmless and reduction treatment of the waste and poultry is realized, and the pollution control requirement is met while changing waste into valuable.
Background
After the 21 st century, the development of the breeding industry in China is further accelerated, and the production of the breeding industry is changed from scattered breeding of farmers to large-scale, intensive and company-based breeding. With the continuous enlargement of the scale of the farm, the harm of the livestock and poultry waste to the environment is increasingly serious. According to related monitoring, the COD of the excrement and urine sewage exceeds 50-60 times, the BOD exceeds 70-80 times, and the SS exceeds 12-20 times. The livestock and poultry breeding excrement and sewage are discharged randomly without being treated or polluted by surface water, soil and underground water after being washed by rainwater after improper treatment. The pollution of the fecal sewage to water and soil is mainly the harm caused by organic pollutants and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient substances, so that the water is eutrophicated, aquatic organisms, particularly algae, are continuously subjected to nutrient mass propagation, and odor and toxic substances are generated in the metabolic process to harm fishes. In addition, the water turbidity is increased due to the mass propagation of algae, so that the photosynthesis of bottom plants and algae at the bottom of water is obstructed and the dead algae and the bottom plants are decayed and decomposed under the anaerobic condition, and the water body is deteriorated. In areas where large-scale intensive farms are concentrated, particularly in suburban areas and villages and towns where specialized aquaculture households are concentrated, the problem of pollution caused by livestock waste is becoming serious, and the pollution becomes a main source of water and pollution.
In fact, the livestock and poultry breeding excrement is a very special pollutant, and has the characteristics of nutrition and fertilizer efficiency substances and energy conversion besides the characteristics of the excrement of the livestock and poultry excrement. According to statistics, the loss amounts of main pollutants of livestock and poultry excrement, such as COD, BOD5, NH3-N, TP and TN, in China are 797.31 million tons, 580.87 million tons, 155.88 million tons, 46.76 million tons and 407.14 million tons respectively. The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the livestock and poultry manure exceeds the loss of the fertilizer, and is about 122 percent and 132 percent of the loss of the fertilizer. At present, two types of misreadings exist in domestic treatment of livestock and poultry waste, one type of misreading exaggerates the value of the livestock and poultry waste as an agricultural nutrient fertilizer effect substance, one type of misreading exaggerates the return utilization and natural consumption of the livestock and poultry waste, but ignores the problems of the bearing limit and the natural consumption capacity in limited time and space, thereby bringing about wide sheet source pollution. The other type of the pollution treatment technology has the advantages that the pollution characteristics of the livestock and poultry waste are exaggerated, the industrial pollution treatment thought is adopted, the standard reaching purification is emphasized, the characteristics of nutrient fertilizer effect substances and energy conversion which are possessed by the livestock and poultry waste are ignored, the technical thought of the industrial pollution treatment with high investment and low yield which is extremely uneconomical is adopted for solving, and the heavy construction, treatment and operation and maintenance burden are brought to the whole industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a scientific, systematic and comprehensive solution for recycling, harmlessness and reduction aiming at the problems of lack of comprehensive treatment consciousness, one-sided engineering design, rigid solution, single treatment method, narrow pollution treatment area and disjointed pollution treatment and resource utilization in the existing livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the livestock and poultry breeding waste is divided into two process main lines of sewage and excrement according to the material form from the beginning of collection. Wherein, the dry excrement is used for producing the biogas by adopting a dry fermentation process, and the fermented biogas slurry is precipitated, concentrated and collected as the biogas fertilizer. The sewage and urine are treated by a physicochemical, biochemical and subsequent purification process, the sewage is subjected to solid-liquid separation by a mechanical physicochemical means, and solid content in a water body is removed as far as possible; the sewage after solid-liquid separation forms two kinds of thick and thin sewage through a sedimentation diversion tank, the thick sewage is collected and transferred into an anaerobic biochemical process to produce methane, the thin sewage is converged with anaerobic biochemical effluent and enters a distribution tank to be uniformly mixed, the mixed sewage enters a secondary biochemical process, the biochemical effluent selects a subsequent purification process (plant stabilization pond/artificial wetland technology/biological filter/MBR/UF/NF/RO/advanced oxidation technology/adsorption decoloration/medicament oxidation and the like) according to actual needs, and the purified effluent can be used for agricultural irrigation, field flushing or direct discharge;
and (3) concentrating and dehydrating the biogas residues after dry fermentation, the dung residues generated by solid-liquid separation, the sediments generated by the sedimentation diversion tank and the sludge generated by the biochemical process, and transferring the sludge into a solid waste accumulation field to prepare the solid organic fertilizer.
The marsh gas produced by the dry fermentation and anaerobic biochemical process section passes through a special collection system, is subjected to dehydration, desulfurization, drying and other processes, and then is metered and stored, so that the marsh gas can be used as energy source supply and compensation in a treatment station, and the surplus marsh gas can be used as civil gas for external supply or power generation and network connection. The odor generated in each section and each link of the process is collected by a trapping system and treated by a special gas purification device to reach the standard and be directly discharged.
In summary, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: livestock and poultry waste enters a dry excrement (solid waste) and sewage urine (liquid waste) treatment process according to the form of substances, the livestock and poultry waste is converted into organic fertilizer, biogas fertilizer (liquid), irrigation water, reclaimed water and biogas (heat energy and electric energy), the resource utilization of the waste is realized, the total amount of the waste is reduced, and low-value waste is purified and treated according to the environmental protection requirement through a subsequent purification process and finally reaches the standard and is discharged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and outstanding effects:
⑴ scientifically, systematically and comprehensively expounded the concept conflict between the resource utilization and the purification reaching the standard in the treatment process of the livestock and poultry breeding waste, the solid, liquid and gas are comprehensively considered, the contradiction between the pollution treatment and the resource utilization of the livestock and poultry breeding waste is solved, and the technical principles of resource utilization, reduction and harmlessness are fully realized;
⑵ dialectically, the recycling technical measures and the livestock and poultry breeding waste purification treatment process are effectively integrated, and the defects of rigid treatment thought, one-sided engineering design, single treatment method, narrow pollution treatment side, disjointed pollution treatment and resource utilization and resource waste in the traditional treatment method are successfully overcome;
⑶, the recycling of resources is maximized, the energy is saved, the emission is reduced, the efficiency is increased obviously, high-value ecological fertilizer, nutrient biogas slurry, irrigation water and recycled reclaimed water are provided for agricultural production, and green ecological energy (biogas) and heat energy and electric energy converted by biogas combustion are provided;
⑷ A precipitation and diversion process is designed in sewage treatment, sewage is divided into concentrated and dilute sewage according to concentration, and differential treatment measures are respectively taken for sewage with different concentrations, so that the construction investment of process facilities is saved, the process operation efficiency is improved, and the operation and maintenance cost is saved;
⑸ the sewage treatment process has various forms, can be selected differently according to actual needs, and avoids the process waste of high distribution and low energy;
⑹ the heat energy of methane combustion or the power generation waste heat can be used as auxiliary heat compensation of an anaerobic UASB/IC section and a compost decomposition section, compared with the traditional process, the heat energy can improve the organic matter degradation and conversion efficiency by 15-30%, and reduce the treatment period and treatment cost of waste;
⑺ the proposal not only emphasizes pollution treatment, but also emphasizes resource utilization, takes overall consideration, protects ecological environment, fully utilizes 'waste' resources, saves energy, reduces consumption, and realizes 'green ecological agriculture large circulation and sustainable development idea' in true meaning.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For clearly explaining the technical features of the present solution, the present solution is explained below by means of specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The COD of the livestock and poultry breeding sewage inlet water is usually kept at 8000-20000 mg/l, compared with the standard, the COD usually exceeds standard by 50-60 times, the BOD exceeds standard by 70-80 times, and the SS exceeds standard by 12-20 times. The livestock and poultry breeding waste is divided into two process main lines of sewage and excrement according to the material form from the beginning of collection. Wherein, the dry excrement is used for producing the biogas by adopting a dry fermentation process, and the fermented biogas slurry is precipitated, concentrated and collected as the biogas fertilizer. The sewage and urine are treated by a physicochemical, biochemical and subsequent purification process, the sewage is subjected to solid-liquid separation by a mechanical physicochemical means, and solid content in a water body is removed as far as possible; the sewage after solid-liquid separation forms two kinds of thick and thin sewage through a sedimentation diversion tank, the thick sewage is collected and transferred into an anaerobic biochemical process to produce methane, the thin sewage is converged with anaerobic biochemical effluent and enters a distribution tank to be uniformly mixed, the mixed sewage enters a secondary biochemical process, the biochemical effluent selects a subsequent purification process (plant stabilization pond/artificial wetland technology/biological filter/MBR/UF/NF/RO/advanced oxidation technology/adsorption decoloration/medicament oxidation and the like) according to actual needs, and the purified effluent can be used for agricultural irrigation, field flushing or direct discharge;
and (3) concentrating and dehydrating the biogas residues after dry fermentation, the dung residues generated by solid-liquid separation, the sediments generated by the sedimentation diversion tank and the sludge generated by the biochemical process, and transferring the sludge into a solid waste accumulation field to prepare the solid organic fertilizer.
The marsh gas produced by the dry fermentation and anaerobic biochemical process section passes through a special collection system, is subjected to dehydration, desulfurization, drying and other processes, is metered and stored, and can be used as an internal energy source for supplying and compensating in a treatment station, and the surplus marsh gas can be used as civil fuel gas for external supply or power generation and network access. The odor generated in each section of the process is collected by a trapping system and treated by a special gas purification device to reach the standard and be directly discharged.
The discharge of the treated livestock and poultry breeding sewage reaches the relevant standards of livestock and poultry breeding industry pollutant discharge standard (GB 18596-2001) or Farmland irrigation water quality standard (GB 5084-92) or Integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB 8978-1996). The emission of the treated waste gas reaches the relevant standard of 'emission standard of malodorous pollutants' (GB 14554-93).
Claims (10)
1. The livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment and resource comprehensive utilization scheme is characterized in that: the method integrates the pollution treatment technology and the resource measures by utilizing the characteristics of nutrient and fertilizer efficiency and energy conversion of the livestock and poultry breeding waste, converts organic components (solid and liquid) in the livestock and poultry waste into ecological nutrient and fertilizer efficiency while treating the pollution, and partially converts biological energy (gas), thereby achieving the aim of treating the pollution, changing waste into valuable and saving resources.
2. The scheme of claim 1, wherein: by integrating the pollution treatment technology and the resource measures, the solid waste in the livestock and poultry waste treatment is recycled and converted into the solid organic fertilizer, and the pollution discharge of the livestock and poultry solid waste is reduced while the pollution treatment is carried out.
3. The scheme of claim 1, wherein: by integrating the pollution treatment technology and the resource measures, the liquid waste in the livestock and poultry waste treatment is recycled and converted into liquid organic fertilizer (biogas slurry), recycled reclaimed water and irrigation water, and the pollution discharge of the livestock and poultry liquid waste is reduced while the pollution treatment is carried out.
4. The scheme of claim 1, wherein: by integrating the pollution treatment technology and the resource measures, the solid waste, the liquid waste and the solid/liquid mixture in the treatment of the livestock and poultry manure are recycled and converted into biological energy (methane), so that the pollution is treated and green biological energy is provided.
5. The scheme of claim 1, wherein: the livestock and poultry sewage treatment adopts a concentration/dilution separation process, and a sedimentation flow-dividing tank is used for collecting high-concentration liquid dung, so that the organic matter concentration of unit volume is increased, the reaction volume of a biochemical process tank body is reduced, and the anaerobic biochemical process efficiency is improved.
6. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising: the dry livestock and poultry manure adopts a dry fermentation process, the system automatically feeds materials, and a biological fermentation reaction tank/bed engineering application technology with temperature and humidity control and mechanical stirring/overturning is adopted.
7. The method of claim 3, further comprising: the post-stage process form of the livestock and poultry sewage treatment is various, and the two-stage biochemical treatment and the subsequent purification process (plant stabilization pond/artificial wetland technology/biological filter/MBR/UF/NF/RO/advanced oxidation technology/adsorption decoloration/medicament oxidation and the like) can be selected according to the actual needs in a differentiation way, so that the process waste of high preparation and low energy is avoided.
8. The method of claim 4, further comprising: the biological energy (methane) is used for preparation and utilization, and the energy supply and compensation in the treatment station can be completely or partially realized.
9. The surplus methane can be used as civil gas for external supply or power generation for network connection, thereby gaining income.
10. The method of claims 4 and 8, wherein: the heat energy of methane combustion or the waste heat of power generation is used as auxiliary heat compensation of an anaerobic UASB/IC section and a compost decomposition section, so that the degradation and conversion of organic matters can be accelerated, the methane yield is increased, the decomposition efficiency is improved, and the treatment period and the treatment cost of waste sewage are reduced.
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| CN201811266927.4A CN111100879A (en) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | Livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment and resource comprehensive utilization scheme |
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| CN201811266927.4A CN111100879A (en) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | Livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment and resource comprehensive utilization scheme |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112965961A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-15 | 中国船舶重工集团环境工程有限公司 | Big data analysis method for biogas production by utilizing organic solid waste resources |
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