CN111100875B - TGF-β受体II同种型、融合肽、治疗方法和体外方法 - Google Patents
TGF-β受体II同种型、融合肽、治疗方法和体外方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及TGF‑β受体II同种型、融合肽、治疗方法和体外方法。TGFβ受体II的同种型包含约80个氨基酸的序列并且缺乏跨膜结构域。所述同种型包含SEQ ID No.12所示的氨基酸序列。所述同种型可以具有SEQ ID No.2所示的序列或具有与SEQ ID No.2所示序列至少85%的序列同一性的序列。本发明提供了融合肽,其包含与配体融合的TGFβII受体的同种型,其中,包含所述融合肽的载体用于治疗癌症和/或肝纤维化。本发明提供了结合TGFβII受体的可溶性同种型的抗体。该抗体结合SEQ ID No.12所示的氨基酸序列,并用于体外方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及编码多核苷酸、载体、细胞、转化肽和融合肽的TGF-β受体II的同种型、方法和用途。更具体而言,涉及到TGF-β受体II的同种型,其包含约80个氨基酸的序列并且缺乏跨膜结构域。所述同种型包含SEQ ID No.12的氨基酸序列。所述同种型可以具有SEQID No.2所示的氨基酸序列或具有与SEQ ID No.2所示的序列至少85%序列同一性的序列。
背景技术
转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)在骨基质中含量很高,并且在体外和体内显示出调节成骨细胞和破骨细胞的活性。人脂肪来源的间充质基质细胞(ASC)是成骨细胞、成脂细胞和成软骨细胞的前体。因此,最初的研究集中在ASC分泌的对骨重塑具有深远影响的细胞因子(如Tgf-β1)、骨保护素(OPG)和肝细胞生长因子(HGF)。
患有骨关节炎的人的软骨下骨中TGF-β1的浓度很高。高浓度的TGF-β1诱导了巢蛋白阳性间充质干细胞(MSC)簇的形成,导致了骨髓类骨质胰岛的形成,并伴随着高水平的血管生成(Zhen G等,Nat Med.19:704-12,2013)。已发现成骨细胞中活性TGF-β1的转基因表达会诱发骨关节炎,而通过TβRII显性阴性受体抑制软骨下骨中TGF-β的活性减轻了关节软骨的变性,从而导致骨关节炎进展更缓。另据报道,在成骨细胞中表达了显性阴性II型TGF-β受体(TβRII-DN)的小鼠显示出在成骨细胞中降低的TGF-β响应性和增加的骨体积,这表明内源性TGF-β直接作用于成骨细胞以调节骨重塑、结构和生物力学特性(Filvaroff E等,Development,126:4267-4279,1999)。此外,TGF-β还部分地通过诱导骨保护素(OPG)来调节破骨细胞的生成和破骨细胞的存活,OPG是一种已知抑制破骨细胞形成和功能的蛋白质(Thirunavukkarasu K等,J.Biol.Chem.276:36241-36250,2001)。
在骨骼组织中过表达显性阴性II型TGF-β受体(dnTgfbr2)的转基因小鼠表现出进行性骨骼变性(Buckwalter JA等,Clin Orthop Relat Res 423:7-16,2004)。软骨组织浅表区的关节软骨细胞肥大,并伴有X型胶原表达增加。在非常类似于人骨关节炎(OA)(OA样)的6个月大的小鼠中已经观察到蛋白聚糖的损失和软骨组织的进行性退化(Serra R等,JCell Biol 139:541-552,1997)。TGF-β信号传导不仅在软骨破坏过程中调节软骨细胞稳态中起着关键作用,而且在骨赘形成(OA的另一特征)过程中软骨下骨细胞行为的操纵中也起着至关重要的作用(van der Kraan PM等,Osteoarthr Cartilage 15:237-244,2007)。
通过使用特异性TGF-β抑制剂的阻断研究,进一步探索了TGF-β信号通路在骨赘形成中的作用。几组研究表明,通过可溶性TGF-βII型受体细胞外结构域或Smad7的关节内过表达来消除内源性TGF-β活性,可以抑制实验性鼠类OA模型中的骨赘形成(Scharstuhl A等,J Immunol 169:507-514,2002)。这些观察清楚地表明,至少在鼠类OA模型中,TGF-β在诱导骨赘中起主要作用。
在体内,TGF-β1还诱导血管生成(Madri JA等,J Cell Biol.106:1375-1384,1988;Roberts AB,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.83:4167-4171,1986;Yang EY等,J CellBiol.111:731-741,1990)。在OA中,高TGF-β1水平还伴随着高水平的血管生成。肝细胞生长因子(HGF)是多种细胞(主要是上皮细胞)的有效促分裂原、形态发生原和运动原。HGF/HGF-受体系统在骨关节炎软骨中表达的增加,提示其在人关节软骨的稳态和发病机理中起调节作用(Pfander D等,Osteoarthritis Cartilage.7:548-59,1999)。
先前的研究表明TGF-β可以通过刺激HGF表达来促进血管生成和肿瘤侵袭(Chu SH等,J Neurooncol.,85:33-38,2007;Lewis MP等,Br J Cancer 90:822-832,2004))。相反地,TGF-β也显示出抑制HGF转录的作用,可能是通过结合位于HGF转录起始位点上游约400bp的TGF-β抑制元件而实现的(Liu Y等,J Biol Chem.,269:4152-4160,1994;Plaschke-Schlütter A等,J Biol Chem.,270:830-836,1995),消除这种作用会导致癌症的发展(Cheng N等,Cancer Res.67:4869-4877,2007)。
诸如环丙沙星(CPFX)等喹诺酮类(QN)抗生素,由于其广谱的抗菌活性和高生物利用度而被广泛用于临床实践。由于它们对未成熟动物的关节软骨有毒性作用,因此未获准用于儿童和青少年(Cuzzolin L等,Expert Opin Drug Saf 1:319-24,2002)。当在生长阶段给予时,全身施用的喹诺酮引起关节病和肌腱病(Sendzik J等,Int J AntimicrobAgents 33:194-200,2009.)。据报道,环丙沙星减少了股骨髁的关节软骨的厚度,其在幼年大鼠中以浓度和时间依赖的方式抑制了培养的软骨细胞的增殖和可溶性蛋白聚糖的分泌(Li,P等,Arch.Pharmacol.Sin.25:1262-1266,2004)。
软骨细胞簇形成是所有机械和化学OA模型的特征(Moriizumi T等,VirchowsArch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol.,51:461-474,1986;van der Kraan PM等,Am JPathol.,135:1001-1014,1989)。患有喹诺酮关节病的动物在含有坏死软骨细胞的关节软骨中间区域显示空腔。14天后,缺陷区域的许多腔都含有软骨细胞簇。当治疗14天并且经过14天的恢复期,簇状区域内的单个软骨细胞周围已沉积了领域基质,这表明在未成熟的关节中的簇细胞有一定程度的自发修复(Sharpnack DD等,Lab Anim Sci.,44:436-442,1994)。已经显示,在前十字韧带横断(ACLT)骨关节炎小鼠模型中,响应于机械负荷的改变,软骨下骨中的TGF-β1被激活(Zhen G等,Nat Med.19:704-12,2013)。另外,发现CPFX通过HT-29细胞上调TGF-β1的产生,并且当TGF-β1被阻断时,其抗增殖作用被消除(Bourikas LA等,Br J Pharmacol.157:362-70,2009)。
脂肪干细胞(hASC)表达细胞因子,诸如IL-6、GM-CSF和Flt3-配体((Tholpady SS等,Clin Plast Surg 33:55-62,2006;Katz AJ等,Stem Cells.23:412-23,2005;A等,Stem Cells 25:818-827,2007)。这些细胞因子被TGF-β1负调节(GM-CSF、SCF和Flt3-配体)(Jacobsen SE等,J Immunol.,151:4534-4544,1993;Jacobsen SE等,Blood 87:5016-5026,1996)或正调节(IL-6、TPO)(Ramsfjell V等,J Immunol.158:5169-5177,1997)。近来,已显示在哺乳动物细胞中人TβRII受体的显性阴性突变体(TβRII-DN)的过表达在阻断TGF-β1作用中非常有效。基于受体的同种型A的该突变体能够结合TGF-β1,但由于不存在丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶结构域而导致信号传导被破坏。已证明TβRIIA-DN可以破坏TGF-β1介导的信号传导,从而可以在不存在细胞因子的旁分泌或自分泌效应的情况下研究不同细胞类型的行为(Fan X等,The Journal of Immunology 168:755-762,2002.)。
已知有公开了不同的TGF-β1受体、嵌合体、融合蛋白、结构域的各种文献,例如,EP0975771、WO 2008/157367、US 2006/0247198、US 6001969和WO 94/09815。
发明内容
提供了TGFβII受体的可溶性分离的同种型,其包含约80个氨基酸的序列并且缺少跨膜结构域。其中,所述同种型将充当TGFβ-1激动剂。在优选的实施方式中,该同种型的氨基酸序列与SEQ ID No.2所示的氨基酸序列具有至少85%、90%、95%或99%的同一性。所述同种型在其序列内包含SEQ ID No.12中公开的肽。
提供了编码TGFβII受体的可溶性同种型的多核苷酸,在优选的实施方式中,其与SEQ ID No.1的核苷酸序列具有至少90%、95%或99%的同一性。所述多核苷酸还包含Kozak序列。
提供了包含与配体融合的TGFβII受体的同种型的融合肽。在优选的实施方式中,所述同种型是与SEQ ID No.2具有至少85%序列同一性的氨基酸序列,并且配体是免疫球蛋白的Fc。
提供了结合TGFβII受体的可溶性同种型的抗体。在优选的实施方式中,所述抗体结合SEQ ID No.12所示的氨基酸序列。
提供了一种治疗与TGF-β失调有关的疾病的方法,所述方法包括向需要其的哺乳动物施用TGF-β受体的可溶性同种型。
提供了一种治疗与TGF-β失调有关的疾病的方法,所述方法包括向需要其的哺乳动物施用结合TGF-βII受体的可溶性同种型的抗体。在优选的实施方式中,所述抗体识别并结合SEQ ID No.12所示的氨基酸序列。相关疾病可以选自与TGF-β信号失调有关的任何疾病,如癌症、纤维化和心血管疾病;代谢和肌肉骨骼缺陷,TβRII(TGFBR2基因)突变,例如Loeys-Dietz综合征(LDS)、Marfan 2型综合征(MFS2)或不同的动脉瘤(FTAAD)。
附图说明
图1显示了TβRII受体的示意图,其指示了细胞外(ECD)、跨膜(TMD)和细胞内(ICD)结构域。FP和RP框表示用于通过RT-PCR扩增TβRII cDNA的正向和反向引物。
图2显示了具有重组质粒消化结果的凝胶,其包含两种已经描述的人TβRII(A和B)同种型以及本发明人新描述的通过RT-PCR从人淋巴细胞获得的TβRII-SE。
图3显示了两种已知的TβRII(A和B)同种型以及本申请中公开的一种(TβRII-SE)的部分cDNA序列的比对。cDNA序列包括起始密码子(ATG)和最后的编码跨膜结构域(TMD)的核苷酸;深灰色条表示在TβRII-SE外显子II和III中发现了另一个缺失。
图4显示了属于人TβRII同种型A和B和TβRII-SE的部分预测蛋白序列的比对;浅灰色框显示与对受体-配体结合至关重要的二硫键相关的残基(C54-C71、C61-C67);深灰色框显示了与TGF-β相互作用至关重要的残基(D55、I76、E142)。
图5显示了通过RT-PCR检测不同人细胞类型中不同TβRII同种型(A、B和SE)的结果;HT1080(纤维肉瘤)、A549(肺腺癌)、CaCo-2(结直肠腺癌)、Hep3B(肝癌)、Jurkat(急性T细胞白血病)、293T(用SV40病毒大T抗原永生化的来自胚胎肾脏的上皮细胞)、HEK-293(用腺病毒永生化的来自胚胎肾脏的上皮细胞)、EBV-LCL(用Epstein-Barr病毒永生化的淋巴母细胞系)和hASC(来自人脂肪组织的间质间充质细胞)。
图6显示了通过流式细胞图获得的结果,该图显示了通过免疫纯化分离的单核细胞(CD14+)、B-细胞(CD19+)和T-细胞(CD3+)的细胞纯度。
图7显示了人类白细胞亚群(诸如粒细胞、T-淋巴细胞(CD3+)、B淋巴细胞(CD19+)和单核细胞(CD14+))中的TβRII剪接变体mRNA谱。
图8显示了慢病毒载体,其在CMV启动子的作用下编码新描述的hTβRII-SE变体和TβRII-A受体的显性阴性(DN)突变体;作为对照,使用了在CMV启动子下编码eGFP的慢病毒载体。载体的完整名称显示在图的左侧。缩写名称显示在每个载体的顶部。
图9显示了A549细胞中的TβRII-SE的过表达。A):流式细胞术分析的结果,其显示用编码TβRII-SE的慢病毒载体(Lt-TβRII-SE)和对照载体转导的表达eGFP的A549细胞的百分比;B):RT-PCR的结果,其显示在mRNA水平上TβRII-SE的过表达;C):证明仅在用Lt-TβRII-SE转导的细胞的上清液中存在TβRII-SE的结果,如用识别细胞外结构域的TβRII特异性抗体通过Western印迹所检测到的。
图10显示了增殖MTT测定的结果。A):用0.4nM TGFβ-1处理和未处理的未转导的(UT)以及用Lt-TβRII-SE、Lt-TβRIIA-DN和Lt-eGFP转导的A549细胞。B):用编码TβRII-SE的慢病毒载体转导和未转导的(UT)的A549细胞中的TGFβ-1曲线。*p<0.05;**p<0.01,***p<0.001。
图11显示了:A)用编码TβRII-SE、TβRIIA-DN和eGFP的慢病毒载体转导的和未转导的(UT)的hASC的流式细胞术分析结果;B)代表性直方图,其显示细胞分选后的纯度百分比。
图12显示了hASC细胞的RT-PCR分析的结果,其显示TβRIIA-DN和TβRII-SE的过表达。GAPDH用作参考基因。
图13显示了未转导的(UT)和用Lt.TβRII-SE转导的hASC中的TβRII受体(TβRII-A、TβRII-B和TβRII-SE)的相对mRNA水平。
图14显示了用或不用外源性TGFβ-1温育的hASC细胞中的TβRII受体的mRNA水平。
图15显示了用或不用TGFβ-1温育的用编码TβRII-SE的慢病毒载体(Lt)和对照载体转导的hASC细胞中的同种型TβRII-A和TβRII-B的mRNA水平。
图16显示了环丙沙星(CPFX)治疗并关节内注射Lt.coTβRII-SE、Lt.eGFP和培养基(空载剂)的大鼠的X射线图像。白色箭头表示射线可透的图像。
图17显示了相同动物中天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的血清水平测量结果。
图18显示了对重组TβRII-SE的改变进行比较的cDNA比对。为了获得coTβRII-SE/Fc(带下划线的序列),在TβRII-SE cDNA中包含了一个Kozak序列(浅灰色框),以提高翻译起始效率。此外,已更改了某些核苷酸(带有白色字母的黑框)以优化密码子,以使翻译在人细胞中更有效。为了使cDNA与人IgG-Fc结构域cDNA在框内融合,去除TβRII-SE的终止密码子(斜体)并在新构建体中用BglII识别序列代替。用于人IgG1 Fc编码序列PCR扩增的引物显示在深灰色框中。
图19显示了对重组TβRII-SE的改变进行比较的蛋白质比对。将coTβRII-Se与人IgG1 Fc结构域“框内”融合。星号:终止密码子;黑框:接头氨基酸;灰色框:Fc结构域。
图20显示了在内部CMV启动子的控制下,编码融合盒coTβRII-SE/Fc和ires eGFP的自灭活(SIN)双顺反子慢病毒载体的示意图。
图21显示了流式细胞术点图,其展示了Lt.coTβRII-SE/Fc.ires eGFP和对照载体Lt.eGFP的载体转导效率。
图22显示了使用来自空白对照(mock)、Lt.eGFP和Lt.coTβRII-SE/Fc转导的A549细胞的RNAm的RT-PCR产物的琼脂糖凝胶电泳的结果,其使用用于扩增IgG1 Fc的引物。
图23显示了来自空白对照、Lt.eGFP和Lt.coTβRII-SE/Fc转导的A549细胞的蛋白质的细胞裂解物(CL)和上清液(SN)的Western印迹结果。
图24显示了TβRII-SE/Fc过表达对CCl4诱导的大鼠肝纤维化中肝脏的总体外观的影响。对应于用载体(A)、CCl4(B)或Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc+CCl4(C)处理的动物的肝脏的代表性图像。
图25显示了在CCl4诱导的大鼠肝纤维化中,TβRII-SE/Fc过表达对体重以及肝与体重之比的影响。A)不同实验组中动物的体重增加(%)。B)不同实验组中肝与体重的比率(%)。*p<0.05:载体相比CCl4;#p<0.05:CCl4相比Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc+CCl4。
图26显示了TβRII-SE/Fc过表达对CCl4诱导的大鼠肝纤维化中血清肝酶的影响。不同实验组的血清肝酶活性水平:A)AST,B)ALT,C)ALP。结果表示为IU/L。*p<0.05:载体相比CCl4;#p<0.05:CCl4相比Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc+CCl4。AST:天冬氨酸转氨酶。ALT:丙氨酸转氨酶。ALP:碱性磷酸酶。IU:国际单位。
图27显示了TβRII-SE/Fc过表达对肝脏组织学的影响。H&E染色。用载体(A)、CCl4(B)或Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc+CCl4(C)处理的动物的H&E染色的肝组织切片的代表性图像。放大倍率100倍(上图)和400倍(下图)。
图28显示了TβRII-SE/Fc过表达对天狼猩红(Sirius Red)染色的肝脏组织学的影响。A)用载体(A)、CCl4(B)或Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc+CCl4(C)处理的动物的天狼猩红染色的肝组织切片的代表性图像。放大倍数40倍。B)肝纤维化的定量。结果表示为天狼猩红阳性面积的平均百分比(%)。*p<0.05:载体相对CCl4;#p<0.05:CCl4相对Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc+CCl4。
图29显示了TβRII-SE/Fc过表达对HSC活化的影响。代表性图像显示了用载体(A)、CCl4(B)或Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc+CCl4(C)处理的动物肝脏组织学切片中的α-SMA阳性区域。放大倍数40倍。
图30显示了TβRII-SE/Fc过表达对体内肿瘤生长的影响。用本发明的慢病毒载体瘤内注射后,在同基因CH3小鼠中的皮下TN60乳腺癌的体积增加,(1.5×106转导单位/肿瘤),其编码重组融合蛋白TβRII-SE/Fc(Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc)(N=7)(圆圈);显性阴性突变体TβRII-DN(Lv.TβRII-DN)(N=6)(正方形);和空载剂(细胞培养基)(N=6)(三角形)。*p<0.05;**p<0.01。
图31显示了来自类风湿关节炎(AR)患者的嗜中性粒细胞中的细胞内TβRII-SE的流式细胞术评价。低(P07)、中(P02)和高(P03)疾病活动患者的淋巴细胞(上图)和嗜中性粒细胞(下图)的流式细胞图,其中通过使用与ATTO647N缀合的本发明的抗TβRII-SE单克隆抗体来检测TβRII-SE。左图显示了来自PBMC的淋巴细胞(上图)和嗜中性粒细胞(下图),用于分析表达TβRII-SE的细胞的百分比。
图32显示了通过流式细胞术评估的19例表达TβRII-SE的AR患者的嗜中性粒细胞百分比与通过相同患者的DAS28-ESR测量的AR疾病活动性(疾病活动性评分-红细胞沉降率)之间的相关性分析。rs=Spearman秩相关系数。
图33显示了通过细胞内ELISA评估的来自5名患者的外周血塑料粘附细胞中的TβRII-SE蛋白水平与相同患者的DAS28-ESR之间的相关性分析。rs=Spearman秩相关系数。
图34显示了CCl4注射的实验设计和时间表,本发明的慢病毒载体的施用以及用于分析的样品采集。在最后一次CCl4注射72小时后,通过吸入CO2使动物安乐死。
具体实施方式
公开了TGFβ受体II的变体或同种型,其在人类细胞中表达,在本文中称为内源可溶性TβRII(TβRII-SE),并且与其他同种型相反,其充当TGF-β1激动剂。
通过使用特异性引物,最初通过RT-PCR扩增了仅编码细胞外(ECD)和跨膜(TMD)结构域但不包括细胞内结构域(ICD)的T淋巴细胞中人TβRII mRNA的区域(图1)。
PCR反应后,将DNA产物克隆到pGEM-T Easy质粒中。用AgeI和SalI消化质粒,并在琼脂糖凝胶上揭示出存在具有三种不同大小插入片段的克隆(图2)。克隆2包含一个650bp的插入片段。在克隆3、7、8、11和12中,插入片段的大小为580bp,而在克隆10中,其大小反映出存在430bp的插入片段。
所有克隆的DNA测序和BLAST比对(NCBI)表明,克隆3、7、8、11和12(582bp)与人TGFβ受体II变体A(TβRII-A)相同。另外,克隆2(657bp)显示与同种型TβRII-B的100%同一性。克隆10(433bp)与TβRII-A序列相似,但另外缺失了149bp。在该克隆中缺少外显子II编码的最后62bp和外显子III编码的最初88bp,TβRII-SE(SEQ ID No.1)(图3)。
所有三种同种型的预测氨基酸序列的比对(图4)表明,克隆10中发现的缺失从氨基酸68开始产生移码,缺失后会添加一个终止密码子13个氨基酸,从而产生一个提前终止的80个氨基酸长且缺乏跨膜结构域的同种型,这就是新的同种型TβRII-SE(SEQ ID No.2)。
与TβRII的膜结合变体(同种型A和B)相比,该同种型在羧基末端有12个氨基酸不同。因此,根据预测的氨基酸序列,克隆10的TβRII-SE同种型缺乏用于TGF-β有效作用的关键位点,例如,SEQ ID No.3的氨基酸176,其通过疏水接触有助于配体-受体结合;SEQ IDNo.3的氨基酸E142,其与TGF-β的R25形成氢键且具有增加的亲和力和确定的结合特异性;SEQ ID No.3的氨基酸C71,其与同一受体的C54形成了与配体的结合和信号传导所必需的二硫键(见图4)(参考文献Alain Guimond等,FEBS Letters 515:13-19,2002)。因此,TβRII-SE同种型可能无法以与已知同种型相同的亲和力结合TGF-β1。另外,由于过早终止,TβRII-SE同种型缺乏属于跨膜结构域(TMD)的氨基酸序列,表明在人T淋巴细胞中存在新的内源性分泌的可溶性TβRII同种型。
如前所述,新的同种型称为可溶性内源性TβRII(TβRII-SE)。TβRII-SE同种型不同于可分泌的基因工程化TβRII同种型。后者是人工TβRII受体,具有与人IgM的Fc区融合的截短的TβRII-A,并阻断TGF-β的作用,因此起拮抗剂作用(参考文献R.J Akhurst,J.Clin.Invest.109:1533-3610,2002)。
为了确定TβRII-SE同种型的理论分子量,使用不同的计算机程序建立了从氨基酸序列(SEQ ID No.2)预测的翻译后修饰(PTM)(表1)。在该分析中,鉴定出K46、K52和K78处的三个糖化(glycation)位点(NetGlycate程序)(Johansen,M.B.;Glycobiology 16:844-853,2006);S31、S59和Y73处的三个磷酸化位点(NetPhos程序)(Blom,N.;Journal ofMolecular Biology 294:1351-1362,1999)和在K46处的一个类泛素化(sumoylation)位点(SUMOplotTM程序,ABGENT,CA,美国)。另一方面,在TβRII-SE中未发现磺化、C-甘露糖基化、O-GalNAC糖基化、O-糖基化、N-糖基化、肉豆蔻酰化和棕榈酰化的位点。在该研究中,成熟TβRII-SE同种型的分子量据估计为约18.4kDa。
表1.TβRII-SE氨基酸序列的计算机分析,其显示预测的翻译后修饰和具有或不具有修饰的分子量。
为了确认TβRII-SE mRNA是否也存在于除淋巴细胞之外的其他人类细胞中,我们使用同一组引物对各种人类细胞系和原代培养物通过RT-PCR进行了扩增(图5)。可以观察到,人类实体肿瘤衍生的细胞系例如HT1080(纤维肉瘤)、A549(肺腺癌)、CaCo-2(结肠癌)和Hep 3B(肝细胞癌)仅显示出存在变体A和B的mRNA,而没有TβRII-SE。此外,在Jurkat细胞(急性淋巴白血病)、293T细胞(用SV40 T抗原永生化的胚肾细胞)、HEK-293细胞(用腺病毒E1A蛋白永生化的胚肾细胞)、EBV-LCL(用Epstein Barr病毒永生化的淋巴母细胞系)和ASC(人类脂肪来源的间充质干细胞)第6代原代培养物中,所有情况下均存在编码TβRII-SE的mRNA(图5)。DNA测序进一步证实了TβRII-SE同种型的存在。
为了检查TβRII-SE是否也存在于与T淋巴细胞不同的白细胞中,通过密度梯度从人外周血中纯化出粒细胞、单核细胞、B细胞和T细胞,随后用特异性单克隆抗体进行磁免疫纯化至高纯度(图6)。RT-PCR分析表明,TβRII-SE存在于所有白细胞亚群中,但表达水平不同(图7)。
为了确定TβRII-SE是否可能分泌到细胞外培养基中,在也表达eGFP的自灭活(SIN)双顺反子慢病毒载体中将TβRII-SE cDNA克隆至遍在启动子CMV的下游,如实施例中所述,以产生Lt-TβRII-SE载体。作为对照,使用了同样在CMV启动子的作用下的两个慢病毒载体:一个双顺反子载体编码显性阴性TβRII突变以及eGFP(Lt-TβRIIA-DN),另一个编码单独的eGFP(Lt-eGFP)(图8)。
如图8所示,用这些慢病毒载体,以50的MOI转导了A549细胞。转导后72小时,将细胞上清液冷冻以进行进一步的实验,并通过流式细胞术测量表达eGFP的细胞的百分比(图9A)。在用Lt-TβRII-SE和Lt-eGFP转导的细胞中,如eGFP表达所证实的,分别有68.63%和65.27%的细胞显示出慢病毒载体的整合。Lt-TβRII-SE转导的细胞的RT-PCR显示存在433bp条带,表明TβRII-SE同种型的mRNA水平上的过表达(图9B)。融化细胞上清液,并如实施例中所述进行Western印迹(图9C)。在蛋白酶抑制剂存在下培养的经Lt-TβRII-SE转导的A549细胞的上清液中仅检测到TβRII-SE。
在添加翻译后修饰后,通过Western印迹检测到的TβRII-SE分子量与预测分子量一致(18kDa)(表1)。这是人类细胞中存在新的可分泌的TβRII受体变体或同种型的第一个证据。
为了显示TβRII-SE同种型的功能,进行了功能分析,其中使用了未转导的表达几乎检测不到的TβRII-SE水平的A549细胞、用单独编码eGFP的慢病毒载体转导的A549细胞、或用编码eGFP以及TβRII-SE或TβRIIA变体的显性阴性(DN)突变体(其已知用作TGF-β1拮抗剂)的双顺反子慢病毒载体转导的A549细胞。
最初,进行MTT((3-[4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基]-2,5-二苯基四唑溴化物;噻唑蓝)测定以评估在0.4nM TGFβ-1存在下TβRII-SE的过表达是否抑制细胞增殖(图10A)。可以注意到,在存在TGFβ-1的情况下,TβRII-SE转导的细胞的增殖明显少于未用TGFβ-1处理的相同细胞,后者处于对照转导的细胞(UT)和Lt.eGFP-转导的细胞中所见的水平。结果表明,TβRII-SE不是TGFβ-1拮抗剂。
另外,为了检查TβRII-SE是否充当TGFβ-1激动剂,在TGFβ-1浓度渐增的情况下温育了过表达TβRII-SE的A459细胞或未过表达TβRII-SE的A459细胞(未转导的细胞或UT)(图10B)。这些结果表明,与不存在TGF-β1的情况相比,在0.2nM TGFβ-1的存在下,UT细胞的增殖开始减少。然而,在过表达TβRII-SE的细胞中,与未添加TGF-β1的相同细胞系相比,在TGFβ-1浓度为0.1nM时,增殖开始减少。这些结果表明,在过表达TβRII-SE的细胞中,TGFβ-1达到了与在UT细胞中相同的效果,但是以一半的浓度达到的,这表明TβRII-SE同种型可以充当激动剂。
为了进一步评估TβRII-SE同种型的激动作用,如实施例中所述,以150的MOI用Lt-TβRII-SE、Lt-TβRIIA-DN和Lt.eGFP转导hASC。转导后72小时,通过流式细胞术测量表达eGFP的细胞的百分比(图11A)。为了对纯细胞群进行进一步的实验,将转导的细胞扩增并在FACSAriaII细胞分选仪(Becton Dickinson,San Jose,CA)中进行细胞分选,使表达eGFP的细胞纯度超过90%(图11B),其表明大部分细胞过表达该新同种型。
对来自转导或未转导的hASC细胞的poly A+mRNA进行的RT-PCR显示出图12所示的TβRII同种型表达模式。过表达TβRII-SE的细胞显示了433bp的强条带和582bp的弱条带,反映出TβRII-SE的过表达下调了TβRII同种型A的表达的事实。同样,当hASC细胞中TβRIIA-DN过表达时,则无法检测到TβRII-SE表达(433bp)。最后,在以仅编码eGFP标志物基因的慢病毒载体转导的hASC细胞中,检测到代表TβRII-A表达的弱条带,表明病毒转导“本身”下调了TβRII表达。
II型TGF-β受体的所有三种同种型的mRNA水平也通过qRT-PCR进行定量(图13)。发现在未转导的细胞(UT)中,如所预期的,膜结合的TBRII-A和B变体是要表达的主要分子,而TβRII-SE的表达却很少。相反,当新同种型在hASC细胞中表达增加时,由于补偿效应,TβRII-A和B变体均急剧减少,这表明TβRII-SE同种型具有激动作用。
还通过添加外源性TGF-β1和分析hASC细胞中TβRII变体的mRNA水平来验证了这种补偿效应(图14)。与未处理的细胞相比,添加TGF-β1后,发现TβRII-A增加而TβRII-SE减少,再次表明TβRII-SE同种型充当TGF-β1激动剂。
据此,还发现与不存在外源性TGF-β1时产生的mRNA水平相比,在生理浓度的TGF-β1存在下,在过表达Lt-TβRII-SE的细胞中,TβRII-A和TβRII-B的mRNA高度上调(分别增加40和50倍),其进一步证实了TβRII-SE通过增加膜结合受体TβRII和TβRII-B的表达而充当TGF-β1激动剂的作用(图15)。
此外,在由hASC细胞分泌的80种细胞因子的组中测量了TβRII-SE重组同种型的作用(图16)。用对照Lt-GFP、TGF-β1抑制剂Lt.TβRII-DN或Lt-TβRII-SE转导,并在有或没有外源性TGF-β1的情况下温育细胞。收集的上清液用于在细胞因子阵列G5(Raybiotech,Inc.,Norcross,美国)中分析细胞因子。
表2
用细胞因子阵列获得的结果示于表2。细胞因子水平的增加或降低针对存在(旁分泌)或不存在(自分泌)外源性TGF-β1的情况下用对照载体Lt.eGFP转导的细胞分泌的水平。UC:相对于用对照载体Lt.eGFP转导的细胞水平不变。Abs:空白对照转导细胞对照中不存在。深灰色框:降低至未检测到的水平,或在用对照载体Lt.eGFP转导的细胞上清液中不存在。
浅灰色框:存在细胞因子。
据显示,在具有高TGF-β1浓度的过表达TβRII-DN的ASC细胞中,相对于在Lt.eGFP转导的对照细胞中所获得的值,OPG分泌保持不变,从而使细胞对TGF-β1不敏感。
另一方面,与对照细胞(Lt.eGFP-转导的)相比,高TGF-β1浓度导致过表达TβRII-SE的细胞中OPG分泌急剧下降。TβRII-SE同种型与TGF-β1抑制剂(TβRII-DN)作用相反,似乎有利于破骨细胞生成。
表3总结了其他作者获得的结果,以及与本申请中公开的关于细胞因子阵列以及与骨关节炎(OA)的关系的结果相比较的结果。
据显示,过表达TβRII-SE的细胞中,在存在或不存在外源性TGF-β1的情况下,HGF的分泌均被上调(分别为4.16倍或7.65倍);而在过表达显性阴性突变体TβRII-DN的细胞中,在存在和不存在外源性TGF-β1的情况下,HGF的分泌减少分别为1.81倍或不存在。这些结果表明,TβRII-SE同种型参与HGF的正调节。
取决于注射在正常模型中进行还是骨关节炎模型中进行,TGF-β1增加在动物中的作用不同。在正常动物中,TGF-β1蛋白或腺病毒TGF-β1注射导致增加蛋白聚糖的合成和含量以及骨赘的形成。另一方面,在骨关节炎(OA)诱导的模型中,TGF通路的增加有助于减少软骨损伤、蛋白聚糖和骨赘的形成。因此,通过关节内注射编码与人免疫球蛋白1(IgG1)的恒定片段(Fc)融合的密码子优化(co)TβRII-SE的重组蛋白的慢病毒载体(Lt.coTβRII-SE/Fc)或编码增强的绿色荧光蛋白的慢病毒载体(Lt.eGFP),可以在CPFX处理的幼年大鼠(24日龄)或未处理的大鼠中分析TβII-SE同种型的效果。
在将载体注射到环丙沙星(CPFX)处理的大鼠中的第7天,只有过表达融合肽或融合的coTβRII-SE/Fc同种型的关节在股骨髁中显示出边界不规则的射线不透性图像,这与骨内淋巴腔(geode)一致(图16)。结果表明coTβRII.SE/Fc可能通过骨吸收引起溶骨性损伤。
比较尿素、肌酐、总蛋白、白蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的血清水平时,只发现后者具有统计学上的显着差异。仅在用CPFX处理并关节内注射Lt.coTβRII-SE的大鼠的血清中观察到天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的增加(图17)。在所有细胞中都发现了AST的线粒体形式和胞质形式,因此仅在用Lt.coTβRII-SE/Fc结合CPFX注射的大鼠中观察到AST的增加表明coTβRII-SE增强了CPFX对肌肉、肌腱或其他组织的组织损伤的效果。
在本申请中,显示了在人细胞中表达的新的重组TβRII-SE蛋白的产生。已知自然界中可溶性受体的浓度非常低,因此为了增加重组TβRII-SE蛋白的水平,对原始编码序列进行了密码子优化,并包含了Kozak序列(Epoch Biolabs Inc.,Texas,美国),其在本文中称为coTβRII-SE(SEQ ID No.4),并由SEQ ID No.5编码(图18)。另外,为了使蛋白质在体内更稳定并进行更有效的纯化,将人IgG1 Fc区“框内”克隆到coTβRII-SE编码序列下游,以获得如前所述的融合肽coTβRII-Se/Fc(SEQ ID No.6),其由SEQ ID No.7编码(图18和19)。
可以看到,图18显示了cDNA比对,以比较对重组TβRII-SE的改变。为了获得coTβRII-SE/Fc(带下划线的序列),在TβRII-SE cDNA中包含了Kozak序列(浅灰色框),以提高翻译的启动效率。此外,为了使翻译更有效,已更改了某些核苷酸(黑框和白色字母)以进行密码子优化。为了使cDNA能与人IgG-Fc结构域cDNA在框内融合,去除了TβRII-SE的终止密码子(斜体),并在新构建体中以BglII识别序列代替。用于人IgG1 Fc编码序列的PCR扩增的引物显示在深灰色框中。
可以看到,图19显示了蛋白质比对,并允许比较对重组TβRII-SE的改变。coTβRII-Se被“框内”融合至人IgG1 Fc结构域。星号:终止密码子;黑框:接头氨基酸;灰色框:Fc结构域。
随后,将重组coTβRII-SE/Fc cDNA插入SIN慢病毒载体的AgeI和EcoRV位点之间(图20)。
为了检查重组蛋白的产生,用对照载体Lt.eGFP(93%的细胞表达eGFP)或Lt.coTβRII.SE/Fc(47.53%的细胞表达eGFP)以MOI=300转导和以空白对照转导A549细胞(图21)。
为了验证在Lt.coTβRII-SE/Fc转导的细胞中是否存在人IgG1 mRNA,提取了空白对照(mock)转导(空载剂)、Lt.eGFP转导的和Lt.coTβRII-SE/Fc转导的细胞的总mRNA,并用人IgG1-Fc的特异性引物进行了RT-PCR分析(图22)。如所预期的,仅在Lt.coTβRII-SE/Fc转导的A549细胞中检测到人IgG1 Fc结构域mRNA。
另外,为了验证细胞裂解物和上清液中均存在TβRII-SE/Fc蛋白,使用能够特异性检测TβRII-SE的单克隆抗体,对来自空白对照、Lt.eGFP和Lt.coTβRII-SE/Fc转导的细胞裂解物和上清液中的总蛋白进行Western印迹(图23)。这样,仅在Lt.coTβRII-SE/Fc转导的细胞的细胞上清液和裂解物中可以检测到大约50kD的预测蛋白,这包括18kD的TβRII-SE和35kD的人IgG1 Fc结构域。
利用编码本发明融合蛋白TβRII-SE/Fc的慢病毒载体开发了治疗肝纤维化的方法。
为了研究TβRII-SE/Fc表达对肝纤维化的影响,使用了四氯化碳(CCL4)诱导的肝纤维化的大鼠模型。动物安乐死后,肉眼观察肝脏的总体外观。图24显示,来自第I组(空载剂)的肝脏显示出带红色的颜色、光滑的光泽表面和规则的形状。如所预期的,在经CCl4处理的动物中,肝脏看起来萎缩、形状不规则、颜色不透明、表面不光滑。Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc+CCl4组的大鼠肝脏具有更规则的形状、更红,且其表面较CCl4组的肝脏表面更光滑。这些结果表明,在宏观水平上,TβRII-SE/Fc表达对CCl4诱导的大鼠纤维化具有有益效果。
TβRII-SE/Fc表达对体重和肝与体重比的影响:在整个实验过程中,所有大鼠的体重均得到控制。观察到在八周内CCl4处理引起大鼠的生长迟缓,与载体组的大鼠相比,最终体重增加的减少证明了这一点。注射Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc可以部分逆转这种肝毒性剂引起的体重(BW)减轻。施用CCl4 4周后,这种有益效果更加明显(图25A)。另外,相对于仅注射空载剂的对照组的大鼠,CCl4施用诱导了肝脏重量(LW)/BW比的增加,其表明肝损伤和细胞外基质蛋白蓄积。在用CCl4处理之前注射Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc导致LW/BW比与在空载剂组大鼠中发现的LW/BW比相当,其表明TβRII-SE/FC表达针对CCl4诱导的肝损伤具有有益效果(图25B)。
TβRII-SE/Fc表达对血清肝酶的影响:为了评估肝损伤,测定了AST和ALT的血清水平。如图26A和26B所示,相对于在空载剂组大鼠中发现的水平,施用CCl4显着增加了两种转氨酶的水平。相反,注射Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc引起了AST和ALT水平显着降低。另一方面,ALP显示出对CCl4施用的响应增加,这由于注射Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc而逆转(图26C)。这些数据表明,TβRII-SE/Fc表达针对由CCl4诱导的肝损伤发挥了有益效果。
TβRII-SE/Fc表达对肝脏结构的影响:用H&E对组织切片进行染色,以评估肝脏的总体结构。该分析表明,接受空载剂而非CCl4的动物呈现出具有保守结构的肝脏,其具有从中央静脉放射的肝细胞束带(图27A)。相反,在8周中施用CCl4导致肝脏结构破坏、广泛的肝损伤和明显的纤维化(图27B)。当在用CCl4处理之前向动物注射Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc时,这些有害效果明显减弱(图27C)。
TβRII-SE表达对肝纤维化的影响:通过天狼猩红(Sirus Red)染色评估不同实验组大鼠肝脏切片的胶原沉积。施用CCl4诱导了胶原纤维的广泛沉积,这通过观察到桥接纤维化而证明。图28A显示注射Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc减少了由CCl4诱导的肝纤维化(图28A)。与空载剂组相比,CCl4组的天狼猩红阳性区域(SR+)定量显示出胶原沉积显着增加。然而,参照CCl4组,Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc施用显着降低了SR+面积(图28B)。此外,通过免疫组织化学评估了α-SMA表达,其是肝星状细胞(HSC)激活的已知标志物。与仅注射空载剂的大鼠相比,经CCl4处理的动物显示α-SMA阳性区域显着增加。然而,在用Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc处理的CCl4大鼠中,HSC激活显着降低(图29)。这些数据表明,TβRII-SE/Fc表达减少HSC激活,减少病理性胶原纤维沉积,并限制由CCl4诱导的肝损伤。
Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc载体用于治疗癌症的用途:据观察,与对照相比,瘤内TβRII-SE/Fc过表达抑制了肿瘤生长(图30)。
通过以下方法进行测定类风湿关节炎(RA)疾病活动性的测定,其中使用与ATTO647N缀合的本发明的TβRII-SE单克隆抗体通过流式细胞术来测量TβRII-SE。取每位患者淋巴细胞群体中最高的TβRII-SE ATTO647N荧光值(图31,上图)为基础参照,对表达TβRII-SE的嗜中性粒细胞的百分比进行定量(图31,下图)。
当将每位患者的表达TβRII-SE的嗜中性粒细胞百分比与其匹配的疾病活动评分(DAS28-ESR)值相关联时,可以观察到呈负相关(Spearman秩相关系数rs=-0.69),具有统计意义(p=0.0009)(图32)。这些数据表明RA患者中该同种型的水平存在差异。从这个意义上讲,TβRII-SE可以用作治疗靶标。此外,所述结果为嗜中性粒细胞中的TβRII-SE评估可以代表确定患者RA疾病活动性的另一种测定提供了证据。
另外,还进行了实验以通过细胞内ELISA检测来自不同RA活性水平患者(N=5)的嗜中性粒细胞中的细胞内TβRII-SE浓度(表4)。
表4
患者ID号 | 相对TβRII-SE水平 |
9 | 16.48 |
10 | 15.98 |
11 | 20.69 |
12 | 10.26 |
13 | 5 |
RA患者的嗜中性粒细胞中的相对细胞内TβRII-SE蛋白水平与其匹配的DAS28-ESR评分相关联(表5)。
表5
患者ID号 | 相对TβRII-SE水平 |
9 | 2.76 |
10 | 3.09 |
11 | 4.22 |
12 | 4.31 |
13 | 6.24 |
当通过Spearman秩相关检验分析两组数据时,在TβRII-SE水平与DAS28-ESR之间观察到负相关(图33),其中TβRII-SE水平降低的同时DAS28-ESR得分增加(疾病活性:(低=2.4<DAS28≤3.6,中=3.6<DAS28≤5.5,高=DAS28>5.5(2)。
在以下实施例中更好地说明了本发明,这些实施例不应解释为限制其范围。相反,应该清楚地理解,在阅读本说明书之后,可以存在其他实施方式、修改方式和等同方式,且在不脱离本发明的主旨和/或所附权利要求范围的情况下可以对本领域技术人员给出启示。
实施例
实施例1:TβRII-SE同种型的分离、克隆和测序
根据Zuk等所述方案(Zuk PA等,Mol Biol Cell 13:4279-95,2002),从20g皮下脂肪中获得人脂肪来源的间充质基质细胞(hASC),并在补充有10%人血清和1%L-谷氨酰胺的DMEM存在下培养。如“免疫学规程(Protocols in Immunology)”所述从外周血单核细胞产生Epstein Barr病毒永生化的淋巴母细胞,并用RPMI培养基培养。在补充有10%FCS和1%青霉素/链霉素的DMEM中培养人A459(肺腺癌)、HT1080(纤维肉瘤)、Caco-2(结直肠癌)、Hep 3B(肝细胞癌)、Jurkat(急性淋巴母细胞性白血病)、HEK293(人胚胎肾)和293T细胞系。将细胞在湿润的5%CO2培养箱中于37℃培养。
不同白细胞亚群的纯化
通过Ficoll-PaqueTM PLUS(GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB)梯度离心从肝素化的外周血中分离出粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞。离心后,获得两个级分,一个包含粒细胞/红细胞,另一个包含外周血单核细胞(PBMC)。为了获得粒细胞,将红细胞用KCl 0.6M裂解。用与磁性微珠(Miltenyi Biotech)缀合的抗CD3+、CD14+和CD19+单克隆抗体标记PBMC,并使用MS柱(Miltenyi Biotech)在MiniMACS磁体(Miltenyi Biotech)中分离。通过台盼蓝染料排除法确定活细胞,并在血细胞计数器中计数。使用FACSCalibur流式细胞仪(BDBiosciences)通过流式细胞术分析确定B和T淋巴细胞及单核细胞亚群的纯度。在RNA裂解缓冲液(SV总RNA分离系统,Promega)中匀浆的细胞亚群保存在-80℃直至RNA提取。
PCR片段的克隆和测序
通过在制造商建立的条件下插入pGEM-T Easy质粒(Promega Corporation WI,美国)和大肠杆菌转化来克隆TβRII PCR片段。通过使用M13正向和直接引物在DNA测序仪ABI3130(Applied Biosystems Inc,CA,美国)中对TβRII PCR片段进行测序。
实施例2:密码子优化的(co)TβRII-SE/Fc同种型融合构建体的克隆
对包含AgeI位点的TβRII-SE编码序列进行了密码子优化,删除了终止密码子,并包含了Kozak序列(Epoch Biolabs Inc.Texas,美国)。使用特异性寡核苷酸作为引物(正向:5’AGA TCT GAC AAA ACT CAC ACA TGC 3’(SEQ ID No.8)和反向:5’GAT ATC TTT ACCCGG AGA CAG G 3’(SEQ ID No.9)),通过RT-PCR从总血mRNA中获得人IgG1 Fc编码序列,所述引物包含BglII位点(正向引物)和EcoRV(反向引物),以分别允许与TβRII-SE和慢病毒载体框内融合。951bp AgeI/EcoRV的融合构建体(coTβRII-SE/Fc)包含与693bp的人IgG1-Fc框内融合的258bp的coTβRII-SE。
实施例3:慢病毒载体
将编码这三种人TβRII同种型的cDNA克隆到pRRLsin18.cPPT.WPRE慢病毒载体中,产生转移载体pRRLsin18.cPPT.CMV-TβRII-SE.ireseGFP.WPRE、pRRLsin18.cPPT.CMV-TβRII-DN.ireseGFP.WPRE和pRRLsin18.cPPT.CMV-coTβRII-SE/Fc.ireseGFP.WPRE。如前所述(R.A.Dewey等,Experimental Hematology 34:1163-1171,2006),通过将转移载体与包膜质粒(pCMV-VSVG)、包装质粒(pMDLg/pRRE)和Rev质粒(pRSV-REV)一起瞬时转染进入293T细胞系,产生水泡性口炎病毒G蛋白假型慢病毒(VSV-G)。48小时中每12小时收集一次上清液,并等分冷冻。通过转导A549细胞来测定病毒滴度(每毫升产生107个感染颗粒)。使用pRRLsin18.cPPT.CMV-eGFP.WPRE慢病毒载体作为对照。
实施例4:RT-PCR和RT-qPCR
使用Absolutely RNA试剂盒(Stratagene,La Jolla,CA,美国)从不同的原代培养物和细胞系中分离出总RNA。通过混合1μg不含DNA的总RNA、50pmol引物p(DT)15(RocheDiagnostics GmbH,Mannheim,德国)、0.5mM脱氧核糖核苷酸三磷酸、5mM二硫苏糖醇和1U扩展逆转录酶(Roche Diagnostics GmbH)合成第一链cDNA。在扩展高保真聚合酶(RocheDiagnostics GmbH)、0.2mM dNTPS和0.5μM每种引物(正向:5’ACCGGTATGGGTCGGGGGCTGCTC3′(SEQ ID No.10)和反向:5′GTCGACTCAGTAG CAGTAGAAGATG3′(SEQ ID No.11)的存在下,通过PCR扩增检测到对应于TβRII受体的不同同种型的cDNA,使用以下PCR条件进行35次循环:95℃:1分钟,55℃:1分钟,和95℃:1分钟。
使用Mx3005PTM实时PCR系统(Stratagene)在通用循环条件下(95℃:10分钟;在95℃进行40次15秒循环;其后在60℃:1分钟)使用FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master(Rox)(Roche Applied Science)对稀释的cDNA样品进行定量RT-PCR。将所有结果均标准化为GAPDH mRNA水平,并进一步使用MxProTMQPCR计算机程序和Infostat统计计算机程序对结果进行分析(Di Rienzo J.A.等,InfoStat versión 2010.Grupo InfoStat,FCA,NationalUniversity of Cordoba,阿根廷;网址链接http://www.infostat.com.ar)。
实施例5:使用MTT增殖测定的TβRII-SE同种型和其他同种型的体外生物测定
在8μg/ml凝聚胺(polybrene)存在下,用慢病毒载体以50的感染复数(MOI)转导A549细胞。在FACscalibur(Becton Dikinson)细胞仪中测量eGFP阳性细胞的百分比。
收获细胞、计数,并使用多通道移液器以合适的浓度接种到96孔板中。24小时后,将TGF-β1(10ng/ml和20ng/ml;Sigma)加入到培养孔中,并将培养物在37℃、5%CO2的气氛下温育24小时和48小时。将浓度为5mg/ml的MTT(3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四唑溴化物)(Sigma)溶液添加到培养基中,并将细胞进一步温育4小时。用100μl DMSO替换100μl上清液后,用SEAC(Sirio S)光度计(意大利)在540nm确定每个孔的吸光度。细胞存活百分比定义为处理过的细胞与未经处理的细胞的相对吸光度。
实施例6:转导和流式细胞术
在8μg/ml凝聚胺(Sigma)的存在下,使用不同的慢病毒构建体以50和200的MOI分别转导A549和hASC细胞。转导后48小时,收集细胞,在补充有10%胎牛血清的磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中洗涤,并通过流式细胞仪(FACscalibur,BD)分析eGFP阳性细胞的百分比。
实施例7:蛋白免疫印记(Western印记)
对于Western印迹分析,将20μl和100μl细胞上清液均加样到10%SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上,通过电泳分离并印迹到Immovilon PVDF膜上(Millipore Corporation,Bedford,MA,美国)。将该膜暴露于1/200稀释的抗TβRII单克隆一抗(克隆C-4)(Santa Cruz,Biotechnology)或1/500稀释的能够特异性检测TβRII-SE的单克隆抗体IM 0577(未保护的)。使用1/10000稀释的辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)缀合的山羊抗小鼠抗体(Becton DickinsonGmbH)作为二抗。用Amersham ECL Plus Western印迹检测试剂(Amersham Buchler GmbH,德国)在Typhoon 9410可变模式成像仪(GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB,Uppsala,瑞典)中进行蛋白质检测。
实施例8:DNA和蛋白质序列分析
使用了属于不同TβRII同种型的cDNA序列,使用EditSeq软件(DNAstar,Inc.Madison,WI,美国)获得了预测蛋白质序列和统计数据。使用MegAlign软件(DNASTAR,Inc.Madison,WI,美国)将属于TβRII-SE cDNA的DNA和预测蛋白质序列与人TβRII受体的已知同种型(A和B)进行比对。
实施例9:hASC细胞分泌的细胞因子和趋化因子的分析
根据制造商的建议,使用细胞因子/趋化因子阵列试剂盒G5(Ray Biotech Inc.,Norcross,GA)检测一组80种分泌的细胞因子。将未转导或经慢病毒载体转导的hASC P7在补充有0.1%BSA的培养基中生长72小时。收集上清液,过滤并在收集后冷冻。为了对阵列进行光密度分析,使用了Typhoon 9410可变模式成像仪(GE Healthcare Life Sciences),并使用图像分析软件ImageQuant TL 7.0(GE Healthcare Life Sciences)测量了信号强度值。用抗体阵列分析工具分析微阵列数据。使用无背景的内部对照标准化可确保良好的数据质量和足够的标准化。任何样品或组之间单个分析物信号强度≥1.5倍增加或≤0.65倍减少,则可认为其表达可测量且具有显着差异,只要两组信号均远高于背景即可(均值背景+3标准差,准确度≈99%)。
实施例10:针对人TβRII-SE的单克隆和多克隆抗体的生成
抗体由Rheabiotech(Campinas,巴西)生产。使用具有8个相同拷贝的包含13个氨基酸的肽(FSKVHYEGKKKAW)(SEQ ID No.12)的多重抗原肽系统(MAPS)对兔(多克隆抗体)或小鼠(单克隆抗体)进行免疫,所述肽仅在TβRII-SE中发现,而未在受体的其他剪接变体中发现。在小鼠中开发了单克隆抗体IM-0577,并通过蛋白G亲和层析纯化。通过用在PBS/BSA封闭的0.2M碳酸盐缓冲液中以5μg/ml浓度的抗原敏化,通过间接ELISA法测定抗体特异性,并用特异性抗体的系列稀释液(1:1000至1:64000)检测。该ELISA测试是用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)缀合的二抗和作为生色底物的H2O2/OPD开发的,并通过492nM处的吸光度进行检测。
实施例11:环丙沙星(CPFX)和TβRII-SE同种型对关节软骨损伤的体内研究
将24日龄的雄性Wistar大鼠置于受控条件下,温度为21±1℃,相对湿度为50%±5%,明暗时间表恒定(光照时间为上午8点至晚上8点)。食物和自来水随意供给。大鼠在第24天接受口服施用200mg/kg体重的盐酸环丙沙星,持续10天。在治疗期间检查动物的包括运动能力改变的临床异常,并称重。
环丙沙星治疗后第14天,向关节腔内注射50μl病毒载体与Lt.coTBRII-SE/Fc(2.35×106转导单位(TU))或Lt.eGFP(6×106TU)。未给环丙沙星的对照动物以相同方式处理。
实施例12:使用编码TβRII-SE/Fc融合蛋白的慢病毒载体治疗肝纤维化的方法
将体重150g至200g的雄性Wistar大鼠饲养在马德普拉塔国立大学实验室动物中心(Mar del Plata National University Laboratory Animal Unit),平均恒温22℃,12小时明暗循环,并自由获取标准的颗粒饲料和水。所有实验均根据“实验动物的护理和使用指南”进行,并获得马德普拉塔国立大学机构动物护理和使用委员会(CICUAL)的批准。实验组设计如下(n=7/组):(I)对照组,其接受CCl4的空载剂的腹腔内(ip)注射;(II)CCl4组,其接受CCl4的腹腔注射;(III)Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc+CCl4组,其在用CCl4处理之前,接受肝内(ih)注射Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc(第0周)。
体内肝脏转导
在诱导肝纤维化之前一周向动物肝内注射Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc(5~10×107转导单位/ml)(图34)。为了采用这种给药途径,在预先用氯胺酮/甲苯噻嗪(50mg/5mg/kg,腹腔注射)麻醉的动物中做一个小切口。暴露肝脏,并用30G针头将少量的慢病毒载体注射到数个肝脏部位。
肝纤维化诱导
根据已经建立完善的模型(实验组II和III),每周两次,每公斤体重(BW)腹腔注射1ml油中的四氯化碳(CCl4)(1:1),持续8周,诱导肝纤维化(图34)。最后一次注射CCl4后72小时,通过吸入CO2使动物安乐死。然后,获得肝脏并固定在10%中性福尔马林缓冲液中用于组织学分析。还从每只动物收集血清以分析生化参数。
体重测定
在每次CCl4腹腔注射之前和实验完成后进行体重(BW)测量。这些数据用于计算BW增益,表示为相对于初始BW的增加百分比(%)。安乐死后,收获肝脏并称重以计算肝脏与体重的比率(LW/BW),也以百分比表示。
生化参数测定
根据制造商的建议,使用自动分析仪BT300 plus(Biotecnica)测定血清中的天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的肝酶水平。
组织学分析
将固定在10%中性福尔马林缓冲液中的肝脏包埋在石蜡中。肝脏切片(5μm)用苏木精和曙红(H&E)染色,以观察肝脏结构。为了评估肝纤维化,将切片用0.1%天狼猩红染色。使用ImageJ软件在每个组织学切片的至少十个显微镜视野中对天狼猩红阳性区域进行定量。结果表示为每个视野的天狼猩红阳性面积的平均百分比。
免疫组织化学分析
为了进行免疫组织化学分析,将5μm切片脱蜡并重新水化。用3%的H2O2的甲醇溶液封闭内源性过氧化物酶活性(在室温下放置10分钟)。使用热诱导抗原决定簇修复(HIER)方法和0.1M柠檬酸盐缓冲液(pH 6)进行抗原修复。然后将组织切片与兔抗α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(抗α-SMA,1:500,Cell Signaling Technology,Danvers,MA)在4℃温育12小时至16小时。用PBS洗涤两次后,将玻片用HiDef Detection amplifier Mouse and Rabbit(CellMarque,Rocklin,CA)在室温下温育10分钟。将切片进一步用PBS洗涤,并在室温下与HiDef检测HRP聚合物检测剂(Cell Marque,Rocklin,CA)温育10分钟。最后,将切片用PBS洗涤两次,并使用DAB Chromogen试剂盒(Cell Marque,Rocklin,CA)在室温下温育5分钟,并用苏木精复染获得免疫组织化学染色。安装脱水的切片并在Nikon Eclipse E200显微镜上成像。
统计分析
使用双向ANOVA,然后进行Fisher最小显着差异(LSD)检验来分析数据。统计显着性设定为<0.05。结果表示为平均值±SD。
实施例13:用编码TβRII-SE/Fc融合蛋白的慢病毒载体治疗癌症的方法
如García M.等(2015Biological Rhythm Research 46:573-578)所述,将TN60鼠科乳腺癌细胞皮下注射到同基因C3H/S小鼠中(N=6~7/组)。十天后,瘤内注射1.5×106转导单位的编码TβRII-SE/Fc的慢病毒载体(Lv.TβRII-SE/Fc)(N=7)或对照载体Lv.TβRII-DN(显性阴性)(N=6)。作为另外的对照,小鼠瘤内注射相同体积的培养基(空载剂)。
通过用数字卡尺测量肿瘤周长每2到3天确定一次肿瘤直径,通过公式V=4/3(p×r3)确定肿瘤平均体积。肿瘤植入后两周,通过颈脱位使小鼠安乐死。
实施例14:通过抗TβRII-SE单克隆抗体免疫检测来定量嗜中性粒细胞中的TβRII-SE蛋白的确定类风湿关节炎疾病活性的方法
患者
志愿者和样品
通过静脉穿刺术从19位根据ACR/EULAR 2010标准诊断出的RA患者中采集外周血。所有程序均已获得CER医学研究所研究道德委员会的批准,并由阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省卫生部卫生研究联合委员会(Comisión Conjunta de Investigación en Salud,Department of Health,Buenos Aires Province,Argentina)批准,注册号为2919/653/13。所有程序均在捐赠者签署自愿知情同意书后执行。排除标准包括严重贫血、与RA不同的自身免疫性疾病、任何其他能够增加ESR的疾病/病症、生物药物治疗、用除甲氨蝶呤外的疾病改良抗风湿药(DMARD)治疗以及对TGF-β信号级联具有已知作用的药物(氯沙坦)治疗。
通过流式细胞术检测嗜中性粒细胞中的TβRII-SE:通过Ficoll-PaqueTM PLUS密度梯度分离嗜中性粒细胞和外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)。通过与高渗缓冲液(0.15M NH4Cl,10mM KHCO3,0.1mM EDTA)温育从嗜中性粒细胞级分中去除红细胞。为了确定表达TβRII-SE的细胞的百分比,用Cytofix/Cytoperm试剂盒(BD Biosciences,美国)将1×106个嗜中性粒细胞和PBMC固定并透化。随后,将细胞用0.5μg的与荧光染料ATTO 647N缀合的本发明的抗TβRII-SE单克隆抗体温育。将细胞重悬于100μl PBS中,并使用Flowjo软件(BDBiosciences,美国)在FACSCalibur装置(BD Biosciences,美国)中通过流式细胞术进行分析。作为参考,通过将每个患者的淋巴细胞获得的荧光值作为截止值,确定表达TβRII-SE的嗜中性粒细胞的百分比。通过OriginPro 8.5.1软件(Origin Lab Corporation,Northampton,MA,美国)的Spearman秩相关检验,将嗜中性粒细胞中的TβRII-SE荧光值与DAS28-ESR疾病活性评分相关联。
实施例15:通过细胞内ELISA检测嗜中性粒细胞中的TβRII-SE
为了开发一种在RA患者中通过细胞内ELISA定量白细胞中细胞内TβRII-SE的方法,在盐水溶液+2(0.9%NaCl,1mM MgCl2,1mM CaCl2)中以2.6×106个细胞/cm2的浓度在96孔板中于室温温育20分钟,以使细胞粘附到塑料上。随后,将细胞用1X PBS洗涤两次,并用100μL Fix/Perm溶液(BD Cytofix/CytopermTM,美国)在4℃固定并透化20分钟。用250μL 1X BD Perm Wash缓冲液(BD Perm/WashTM,美国)洗涤两次后,将粘附的细胞与抗TβRII-SE抗体(10μg/mL,在50μL BD Perm/Wash缓冲液中)在4℃温育30分钟到16小时。作为对照,也将细胞在没有上述抗体的情况下温育。用250μL 1 X BD Perm/Wash缓冲液另外洗涤两次后,在50μL 1 X BD Perm/Wash缓冲液中用1μg/mL二抗(抗小鼠HRP缀合抗体,Promega,美国)温育细胞90分钟。随后,将细胞用100μL淬灭溶液(1 X BD Perm/Wash缓冲液中的10%V/VH2O2)温育。用250μL 1 X BD Perm/Wash缓冲液洗涤3次后,在黑暗中将细胞用100μL TMB底物温育(Life Technologies,EEUU),并在酶标仪(Biotek,SYNERGYTM H1,美国)中每5分钟测定655nm吸光度,持续30分钟。此外,粘附细胞的数量通过结晶紫染色法测定,用作细胞内ELISA标准化试剂。为此,将每个孔用200μL 1 X PBS洗涤四次,并将细胞用50μL含有2g结晶紫(Sigma,美国)、20ml 95%乙醇、0.8g草酸铵和80ml蒸馏水的结晶紫溶液在室温下温育30分钟。在用大量自来水洗涤各孔后,将细胞用100μL 1%SDS在室温下温育60分钟。最后,在酶标仪(Biotek,SYNERGYTM H1,美国)中确定595nm处的吸光度。
细胞内TβRII-SE的相对浓度值确定如下:
AbsNn=Absn655/Absn595
AbsNT=AbsT655/AbsT595
TβRII-SE相对浓度=(AbsNT-AbsNn)*100
其中:
AbsNT=含抗TβRII-SE一抗的孔的标准化吸光度。
AbsT655=含抗TβRII-SE一抗的孔的655nm处的吸光度。
AbsT595=含抗TβRII-SE一抗的孔的595nm处的吸光度。
AbsNn=不含一抗(阴性)的孔的标准化吸光度。
Absn655=不含一抗(阴性)的孔的655nm处的吸光度。
Absn595:不含一抗(阴性)的孔的595nm处的吸光度。
使用OriginPro 8.5.1软件(Origin Lab Corporation,Northampton,MA,美国)的Spearman秩相关检验,将RA患者的塑料粘附的白细胞中的TβRII-SE相对浓度与其匹配的DAS28-ESR值相关联。
序列表
<110> 国家科学技术委员会
R·A·德维
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Claims (11)
1.含有SEQ ID No.7所示多核苷酸序列的载体在制备用于治疗肝纤维化或乳腺癌的药物中的应用,其中,所述治疗包括向需要其的哺乳动物施用所述含有SEQ IDNo.7所示多核苷酸序列的载体的步骤。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,当疾病是肝纤维化时,所述施用是肝内施用。
3.如权利要求1所述的应用,当疾病是乳腺癌时,所述施用是瘤内施用。
4.如权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述载体是慢病毒。
5.确定表达氨基酸序列为SEQ ID No.2的同种型TβRII-SE的嗜中性粒细胞的百分比或确定嗜中性粒细胞中氨基酸序列为SEQ ID No.2的同种型TβRII-SE的细胞内浓度的试剂在制备用于确立类风湿性关节炎疾病活性的试剂中的应用。
6.如权利要求5所述的应用,其中,表达同种型TβRII-SE的嗜中性粒细胞的百分比与类风湿性关节炎疾病活性水平成反比。
7.如权利要求5所述的应用,其中,细胞内TβRII-SE浓度与类风湿关节炎疾病活性水平成反比。
8.识别SEQ ID No.12所示氨基酸序列的抗体在制备用于检测氨基酸序列为SEQ IDNo.2的同种型TβRII-SE的试剂中的应用,其中,所述试剂包括
a)用于分离血细胞的试剂;
b)用于透化这些细胞的试剂;
c)所述识别SEQ ID No.12所示氨基酸序列的抗体,其结合前一阶段的透化细胞,和
d)用于检测的试剂。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其中,所述血细胞是嗜中性粒细胞。
10.如权利要求8所述的应用,其中,所述试剂用于细胞内ELISA或流式细胞术。
11.SEQ ID No.6所示的多肽在制备用于治疗肝纤维化或乳腺癌的药物中的应用,其中,所述治疗包括向需要其的哺乳动物施用所述SEQ ID No.6所示的多肽。
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CN107969127A (zh) * | 2015-09-08 | 2018-04-27 | 赛瑞品股份有限公司 | Apoa-1融合多肽及相关组合物和方法 |
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US20030028905A1 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-06 | Petra Knaus | Mutant forms of the TGF-beta type II receptor which bind all TGF-beta isoforms |
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