CN111099913A - Raw material for preparing porous ceramic material and preparation method of porous ceramic material - Google Patents

Raw material for preparing porous ceramic material and preparation method of porous ceramic material Download PDF

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CN111099913A
CN111099913A CN202010005917.6A CN202010005917A CN111099913A CN 111099913 A CN111099913 A CN 111099913A CN 202010005917 A CN202010005917 A CN 202010005917A CN 111099913 A CN111099913 A CN 111099913A
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porous ceramic
sintering aid
ceramic material
desert sand
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CN111099913B (en
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史志铭
王士刚
王文彬
闫华
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Inner Mongolia Zhanhua Technology Co Ltd
Inner Mongolia University of Technology
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Inner Mongolia Zhanhua Technology Co Ltd
Inner Mongolia University of Technology
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    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/0022—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof obtained by a chemical conversion or reaction other than those relating to the setting or hardening of cement-like material or to the formation of a sol or a gel, e.g. by carbonising or pyrolysing preformed cellular materials based on polymers, organo-metallic or organo-silicon precursors
    • C04B38/0025—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof obtained by a chemical conversion or reaction other than those relating to the setting or hardening of cement-like material or to the formation of a sol or a gel, e.g. by carbonising or pyrolysing preformed cellular materials based on polymers, organo-metallic or organo-silicon precursors starting from inorganic materials only, e.g. metal foam; Lanxide type products
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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    • C04B2235/349—Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite
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    • C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
    • C04B2235/442—Carbonates

Abstract

The invention discloses a raw material for preparing a porous ceramic material and a preparation method of the porous ceramic material, wherein the raw material comprises the following components: desert sand, sintering aid, reinforcing phase powder, water glass and water. The preparation method of the porous ceramic material comprises the following steps: screening and grading the desert sand; weighing desert sand, a sintering aid, reinforcing phase powder and water glass; ball-milling the sintering aid and the reinforcing phase powder together, and adding water during ball-milling; adding the desert sand into the ground paste after ball milling, adding water glass, mixing in a mixer, preserving heat, and draining; pressing the dehydrated raw materials on a press machine for forming, and heating to harden the blank after forming; and sintering the blank at high temperature to obtain the porous ceramic material. The obtained porous ceramic has the characteristics of stable structure, high porosity and high strength, and can be applied to multiple fields of diffusion dehumidification, liquid-solid filtration separation, water and air permeability, biological fermentation and the like.

Description

Raw material for preparing porous ceramic material and preparation method of porous ceramic material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of inorganic materials. In particular to a raw material for preparing a porous ceramic material and a preparation method of the porous ceramic material.
Background
The porous ceramic has the characteristics of small volume density and high specific surface area, and is widely applied to the fields of environmental protection, chemical engineering, building materials and the like, such as gas and liquid filtration, purification, sound absorption and shock absorption, heat preservation and insulation and the like. The porous ceramic is synthesized mainly by a pore-forming agent adding method, an organic foam impregnation method, a foaming method, a particle stacking and sintering method and the like. Among them, the pore-forming agent method, the organic foam impregnation method and the foaming method use more organic substances, and volatile harmful gases are generated in the sintering process, thereby seriously polluting the atmospheric environment.
In contrast, the solid-phase particle stacking sintering method is to add fine inorganic powder into aggregates with larger size, the powder forms a liquid phase at high temperature to promote sintering, so as to connect large particles, and the liquid phase among the aggregates is converted into a glass phase after cooling to consolidate the aggregate particles, so as to obtain certain strength and porosity. Since the aggregates are only bonded to the adjacent particles at several points on the surface, most of the pores between the aggregates can be preserved, and finally, three-dimensional channels which are communicated with each other are formed in the sintered body. Therefore, the method adds a small amount of organic matters, generates little volatile gas in the sintering process and has little pollution to the atmospheric environment. The existing aggregate mainly adopts industrially synthesized particles of alumina, quartz, zirconia, silicon carbide and the like, and because the aggregate has higher purity and stable chemical property, a sintering aid needs to be added and higher sintering temperature needs to be used, the ceramic strength is difficult to improve, and the raw material cost is higher. With the increasing requirements on low cost and environmental protection, green synthesis, simple and convenient process and high cost performance become the development direction of ceramic production.
The porous ceramic used for the occasions of liquid-solid filtration separation, water permeability and air permeability, biological fermentation and the like has the pore diameter of dozens to hundreds of microns and the porosity of more than 30 percent, and is mainly synthesized by taking clay substances as raw materials and adopting a pore-forming agent method, an organic foam impregnation method or a foaming method at present; the process is relatively complex and has the problems of volatile harmful gas formed by sintering, pollution to the atmospheric environment and consumption of clay resources.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a green and environment-friendly porous ceramic material with large ceramic aperture and porosity and no harmful volatile substances after sintering and a synthesis method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a raw material for preparing a porous ceramic material comprises the following components: desert sand, sintering aid, reinforcing phase powder, water glass and water.
The raw materials for preparing the porous ceramic material are the mixture of kaolin and limestone, and the mass ratio of the kaolin to the limestone is 85-95: 5-15; the reinforced phase powder is silicon carbide or zirconium oxide.
The raw materials for preparing the porous ceramic material comprise the following components in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of desert sand and 10-30 parts of sintering aid; the adding mass of the reinforcing phase powder is 0-30% of the mass of the sintering aid, the adding mass of the water glass is 3-10% of the mass of the desert sand, and the adding mass of the water is 40-50% of the sum of the mass of the sintering aid and the mass of the reinforcing phase powder.
In the raw materials for preparing the porous ceramic material, the desert sand is one of the following particle size groups: 80-100 mesh group, 60-80 mesh group, or 50-60 mesh group.
The preparation method of the porous ceramic material comprises the following steps:
(1) screening and grading the desert sands, grouping the desert sands in different particle size ranges, and selecting any one group of the desert sands;
(2) weighing desert sand, a sintering aid, reinforcing phase powder and water glass;
(3) ball-milling the sintering aid and the reinforcing phase powder together, and adding water or a mixture of water and a ball-milling modifier during ball-milling;
(4) adding the desert sand into the slurry subjected to ball milling in the step (3), adding water glass, mixing in a mixer, preserving heat and draining;
(5) pressing the dehydrated raw materials on a press machine for forming, and heating to harden the blank after forming;
(6) and sintering the blank at high temperature to obtain the porous ceramic material.
In the preparation method of the porous ceramic material, in the step (1), the desert sand is divided into three groups, which are respectively: 80-100 mesh group, 60-80 mesh group, and 50-60 mesh group.
In the preparation method of the porous ceramic material, in the step (2), 70-90 parts by weight of the desert sand and 10-30 parts by weight of the sintering aid are added; the adding mass of the reinforcing phase powder is 0-30% of the mass of the sintering aid, the sintering aid is a mixture of kaolin and limestone, and the mass ratio of the kaolin to the limestone is 85-95: 5-15; the reinforced phase powder is silicon carbide or zirconium oxide; the adding mass of the water glass is 3-10% of the mass of the desert sand.
In the step (3), the ball milling time is 30-60min, the added mass of water during ball milling is 40-50% of the sum of the mass of the sintering aid and the mass of the reinforcing phase powder, the ball milling modifier is N, N-dimethylacetamide and ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate, and the mass ratio of the N, N-dimethylacetamide to the ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate is 1: (2-3), the addition amount of the ball milling modifier is 30-50% of the mass of water.
In the step (4), the group of desert sand screened in the step (1) is added into the slurry after ball milling in the step (3), water glass is added, and after mixing for 20-40min in a mixer, the mixture is subjected to heat preservation at 90 ℃ for 360min, and water is discharged.
In the preparation method of the porous ceramic material, in the step (5), the forming pressure is 5-15 MPa; hardening the blank at 80-120 deg.c for 30-60 min; in the step (6), the temperature of the high-temperature sintering is 1150-.
The technical scheme of the invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:
the porous ceramic material takes the desert sand as the aggregate, and the mass of the aggregate is more than 70 percent. The resultant ceramic consists primarily of quartz and glass phases, with minor amounts of silicon carbide or zirconia phases. During the material compounding, desert sand aggregate in different size ranges is selected, kaolin and limestone in different contents are added as sintering assistant, silicon carbide or zirconia powder is added as reinforcing phase, and water glass for raising strength of the blank is added.
After ball milling, adding desert sand aggregate with different particle size ranges and water glass, mixing uniformly, drying, pressure forming, heating and curing, and sintering at different temperatures to obtain the porous ceramic with different pore diameters and porosities. The porosity and pore diameter of the ceramic can be adjusted by selecting the proportion, the granularity range, the content of sintering aids, the blank forming pressure and the sintering temperature of the desert sand aggregate. The obtained porous ceramic has stable structure, and can be applied to the fields of diffusion dehumidification, liquid-solid filtration separation, water permeability and air permeability, biological fermentation and the like.
Grading desert sand aggregate: the desert sand is classified according to the granularity range by screening the desert sand, and the aggregates in large, medium and small scale ranges are obtained. The purpose of the grading is to obtain a relatively high porosity. This is because the larger the aggregate particle size, the closer the particle size is to unity, and the larger the pore size and porosity of the porous ceramic formed.
This application porosity does not appear obviously reducing when improving porous ceramic intensity:
(1) the porous ceramic is synthesized by using a solid-phase particle stacking and sintering method, and the strength of the porous ceramic is influenced by the porosity and the pore diameter, and the connection strength among aggregate particles plays a decisive role. The proportion, the molding pressure and the sintering system of the aggregate, the sintering aid, the silicon carbide or the zirconia powder are optimized. The more the low-melting-point substances in the sintering aid are, the higher the forming pressure is, the higher the sintering temperature is, the smaller the pore diameter and porosity of the ceramic are, and the higher the strength is.
(2) The energy spectrum analysis of the desert sand proves that the desert sand particles contain a large amount of silicon elements and a small amount of potassium, calcium, iron, titanium, aluminum, magnesium and other elements; the existence of the metals reduces the softening temperature of the sand particles, can promote the materials to form a liquid phase at a lower temperature, ensures that ions are more fully diffused in the sintering process, ensures that the connecting parts among the aggregate particles can easily form stable chemical combination, is favorable for improving the density of the connecting parts among the sand and the aggregate, and further effectively improves the strength of the ceramic.
(3) The added silicon carbide or zirconia powder is surrounded by liquid phase in the sintering process, and hardly participates in high-temperature chemical reaction due to high melting point and high chemical stability of the silicon carbide or zirconia powder. Therefore, the glass phase becomes a reinforcing phase of a glass phase among the sand aggregates after cooling, the composite reinforcing effect of the hard particles is generated, and the bonding strength among the sand aggregates is further improved.
(4) In the process of mixing and ball-milling the sintering aid and the reinforcing phase powder, the ball-milling modifier is added, so that the surface modification can be performed on the sintering aid and the reinforcing phase powder, the reinforcing phase powder particles and the sintering aid particles can be uniformly dispersed, particularly, the kaolin can be effectively modified, the bonding capability and the sintering performance of the kaolin are improved, the desert sand and the reinforcing phase powder can be better bonded in the drainage process, the particle gaps can be effectively filled in the sintering process, the compactness of the connecting parts between sand aggregates is enhanced, the purpose of improving the strength of the ceramic material is realized, the hard particle composite strengthening capability of the reinforcing phase powder can be improved, and the bonding strength of the sand aggregates is further improved.
(5) The porosity of the porous ceramic obtained by the invention is 30-40%, and the density is 1.5-1.8g/cm3The compressive strength is 15-25MPa, and the thermal expansion coefficient is (1.0-2.0) x 10-6/℃。
(6) The invention has the advantages of low addition of volatile substances in the raw materials, utilization of a large amount of natural desert sand, green manufacture, environmental protection, conservation of national soil resources, simple process and low cost compared with other processes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the morphology and chemical composition analysis of desert sand in a porous ceramic material according to the present invention; (a) enlarging the topography of the desert sand by 50 times; (b) the shape of the desert sand particles is amplified by 500 times, and (c) a particle surface chemical composition energy spectrum analysis chart is shown;
FIG. 2 is a graph of topography in the porous ceramic material of the present invention; (a) sample 1; (b) sample 6; (c) sample 9; (d) sample 12; (e) microstructure of the aggregate attachment sites in sample 12.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Desert sand of 50-60 meshes is selected as aggregate.
(2) Weighing desert sand, a sintering aid, reinforcing phase powder and water glass: 85kg of desert sand and 15kg of sintering aid, wherein the mass ratio of kaolin to calcium carbonate in the sintering aid is 75: 25; the reinforcing phase powder is silicon carbide, the mass of the silicon carbide is 10% of that of the sintering aid, and the mass of the water glass is 5% of that of the desert sand.
(3) And mixing and ball-milling the kaolin, the calcium carbonate and the silicon carbide for 60min, wherein the proportion of water added in the ball-milling process is 40 percent of the total mass of the mixture of the kaolin, the calcium carbonate and the silicon carbide.
(4) Adding the ground slurry and the weighed water glass into the desert sand, mixing for 30min by using a mixer, preserving heat for 300min at 90 ℃, and draining.
(5) Forming the dehydrated raw material on a press machine by using the pressure of 10 MPa; and (3) preserving the heat of the formed blank at 100 ℃ for 40min to harden the blank.
(6) The blank is continuously sintered for 120min at 1200 ℃.
The porosity of the porous ceramic obtained in the example is 38.5%, and the compressive strength is 15.20 MPa. The density was 1.55g/cm3Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.83X 10-6/℃。
Example 2
(1) Desert sand of 60-80 mesh group is selected as aggregate.
(2) Weighing desert sand, a sintering aid, reinforcing phase powder and water glass: 85kg of desert sand, 15kg of sintering aid, wherein the mass ratio of kaolin to calcium carbonate in the sintering aid is 75: 25, the reinforcing phase powder is zirconia, the mass of the zirconia is 10% of the mass of the sintering aid, and the mass of the water glass is 5% of the mass of the desert sand.
(3) And mixing and ball-milling the kaolin, the calcium carbonate and the zirconia for 60min, wherein the proportion of water added in the ball-milling process is 40 percent of the total mass of the kaolin, the calcium carbonate and the zirconia.
(4) Adding the ground slurry and the weighed water glass into the desert sand, mixing for 30min by using a mixer, preserving heat for 300min at 90 ℃, and draining.
(5) Forming the dehydrated raw material on a press machine by using the pressure of 15 MPa; and (3) preserving the heat of the formed blank at 100 ℃ for 40min to harden the blank.
(6) The blank is sintered for 120min at 1300 ℃.
The porosity of the porous ceramic obtained in this example is 35.14%, and the compressive strength is 17.25 MPa. The density was 1.64g/cm3Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.57X 10-6/℃。
Example 3
(1) Selecting 80-100 mesh desert sand.
(2) Weighing desert sand, a sintering aid, reinforcing phase powder and water glass: 85kg of desert sand, 15kg of sintering aid, wherein the mass ratio of kaolin to calcium carbonate in the sintering aid is 75: 25, the reinforcing phase powder is silicon carbide, the mass of the silicon carbide is 10% of that of the sintering aid, and the mass of the water glass is 5% of that of the desert sand.
(3) And mixing and ball-milling the kaolin, the calcium carbonate and the silicon carbide for 60min, wherein the proportion of water added in the ball-milling process is 40 percent of the total mass of the mixture of the kaolin, the calcium carbonate and the silicon carbide.
(4) Adding the ground slurry and the weighed water glass into the desert sand, mixing for 30min by using a mixer, preserving heat for 300min at 90 ℃, and draining.
(5) Forming the dehydrated raw material on a press machine by using the pressure of 5 MPa; and (3) preserving the heat of the formed blank at 100 ℃ for 40min to harden the blank.
(6) The blank is continuously sintered at 1150 ℃ for 120 min.
The porosity of the porous ceramic obtained in the example is 30.06%, and the compressive strength is 23.25 MPa. The density was 1.76g/cm3Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.22X 10-6/℃。
Example 4
(1) Desert sand of 80-100 mesh group is selected as aggregate.
(2) Weighing desert sand, a sintering aid, reinforcing phase powder and water glass: 70kg of desert sand, 30kg of sintering aid, wherein the mass ratio of kaolin to calcium carbonate in the sintering aid is 85: 15, the reinforcing phase powder is zirconia, the mass of the zirconia is 15% of that of the sintering aid, and the mass of the water glass is 6% of that of the desert sand.
(3) And mixing and ball-milling the kaolin, the calcium carbonate and the zirconia for 40min, wherein the proportion of water added in the ball-milling process is 50 percent of the total amount of the kaolin, the calcium carbonate and the zirconia.
(4) Adding the ball-milled slurry and the weighed water glass into the desert sand, then mixing for 60min by using a mixer, preserving heat for 360min at 90 ℃, and draining.
(5) Forming the dehydrated raw material on a press machine by using the pressure of 10 MPa; and (3) preserving the heat of the formed blank at 80 ℃ for 60min to harden the blank.
(6) The blank is continuously sintered for 60min at 1200 ℃.
The porosity of the porous ceramic obtained in this example was 29.62%, and the compressive strength was 25.26 MPa. The density was 1.78g/cm3Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.24X 10-6/℃。
Example 5
(1) Selecting desert sand of 50-60 meshes as aggregate.
(2) Weighing desert sand, a sintering aid, reinforcing phase powder and water glass: the mass ratio of the kaolin to the calcium carbonate in the sintering aid is 80: 20, the reinforcing phase powder is silicon carbide, the mass of the silicon carbide is 20% of that of the sintering aid, and the mass of the water glass is 7% of that of the desert sand.
(3) And mixing and ball-milling the kaolin, the calcium carbonate and the silicon carbide for 90min, wherein the proportion of water added in the ball-milling process is 40 percent of the total amount of the mixture of the kaolin, the calcium carbonate and the silicon carbide.
(4) Adding the ground slurry and the weighed water glass into the desert sand, mixing for 30min by using a mixer, preserving heat for 240min at 90 ℃, and draining.
(5) Forming the dehydrated raw material on a press machine by using the pressure of 15 MPa; and (3) preserving the heat of the formed blank at 90 ℃ for 30min to harden the blank.
(6) The blank is sintered for 90min at 1300 ℃.
The porosity of the porous ceramic obtained in the example is 34.27%, and the compressive strength is 16.36 MPa. The density was 1.61g/cm3Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.61X 10-6/℃。
Example 6
(1) Desert sand of 50-60 meshes is selected as aggregate.
(2) Weighing desert sand, a sintering aid, reinforcing phase powder and water glass: 85kg of desert sand and 15kg of sintering aid, wherein the mass ratio of kaolin to calcium carbonate in the sintering aid is 75: 25; the reinforcing phase powder is silicon carbide, the mass of the silicon carbide is 10% of that of the sintering aid, and the mass of the water glass is 5% of that of the desert sand.
(3) Mixing and ball-milling kaolin, calcium carbonate and silicon carbide for 60min, wherein the proportion of water added in the ball-milling process is 40% of the total mass of the kaolin, calcium carbonate and silicon carbide mixture, the mass of the added ball-milling modifier is 30% of the mass of water, the ball-milling modifier is a mixture of N, N-dimethylacetamide and ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate, and the mass ratio of the N, N-dimethylacetamide to the ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate is 1: 2.5.
(4) adding the slurry after ball milling and the weighed water glass into the desert sand, then mixing the mixture for 30min by using a mixer, preserving the heat at 90 ℃ for 300min, draining water and ball milling a modifier.
(5) Forming the dehydrated raw material on a press machine by using the pressure of 10 MPa; and (3) preserving the heat of the formed blank at 100 ℃ for 40min to harden the blank.
(6) The blank is continuously sintered for 120min at 1200 ℃.
The porosity of the porous ceramic obtained in this example was 39.3%, and the compressive strength was 24.93MPa. The density was 1.52g/cm3Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.73X 10-6/℃。
Example 7
(1) Desert sand of 60-80 mesh group is selected as aggregate.
(2) Weighing desert sand, a sintering aid, reinforcing phase powder and water glass: 85kg of desert sand, 15kg of sintering aid, wherein the mass ratio of kaolin to calcium carbonate in the sintering aid is 75: 25, the reinforcing phase powder is zirconia, the mass of the zirconia is 10% of the mass of the sintering aid, and the mass of the water glass is 5% of the mass of the desert sand.
(3) Mixing and ball-milling kaolin, calcium carbonate and zirconia for 60min, wherein the proportion of water added in the ball-milling process is 40% of the total mass of the kaolin, calcium carbonate and zirconia, the mass of the added ball-milling modifier is 40% of the mass of water, the ball-milling modifier is a mixture of N, N-dimethylacetamide and ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate, and the mass ratio of the N, N-dimethylacetamide to the ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate is 1: 2.
(4) adding the slurry after ball milling and the weighed water glass into the desert sand, then mixing the mixture for 30min by using a mixer, preserving the heat at 90 ℃ for 300min, draining water and ball milling a modifier.
(5) Forming the dehydrated raw material on a press machine by using the pressure of 15 MPa; and (3) preserving the heat of the formed blank at 100 ℃ for 40min to harden the blank.
(6) The blank is sintered for 120min at 1300 ℃.
The porosity of the porous ceramic obtained in this example is 36.47%, and the compressive strength is 25.43 MPa. The density was 1.59g/cm3Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.53X 10-6/℃。
The micro-topography of the partial ceramic is shown in fig. 2:
sample 1: the porous ceramic material obtained in example 1 was used.
Sample 6: the porous ceramic material obtained in example 2 was used.
Sample 9: the porous ceramic material obtained in example 3 was used.
Sample 12: the porous ceramic material obtained in example 4 was used.
The communicating holes are formed inside the four groups of samples in the figures 2 a-2 d. Samples 1 (fig. 2a) and 6 (fig. 2b) are fracture planes; sample 9 (fig. 2c) and sample 12 (fig. 2d) are fracture polished flat surfaces. As can be seen from the enlarged view of a part of the ceramic microstructure of example 4 (sample 12) in fig. 2(e), the matrix at the connecting portion between the aggregates is dense, and the reinforcing phase of fine zirconia particles is uniformly distributed, and the particle size of the reinforcing phase is less than 5 μm.
From examples 1 to 7, it is understood that the present invention has the following technical advantages that the porosity is not significantly reduced while the strength of the porous ceramic is improved:
(1) the porous ceramic is synthesized by using a solid-phase particle stacking and sintering method, and the strength of the porous ceramic is influenced by the porosity and the pore diameter, and the connection strength among aggregate particles plays a decisive role. The proportion, the molding pressure and the sintering system of the aggregate, the sintering aid, the silicon carbide or the zirconia powder are optimized. The more the low-melting-point substances in the sintering aid are, the higher the forming pressure is, the higher the sintering temperature is, the smaller the pore diameter and porosity of the ceramic are, and the higher the strength is.
(2) The energy spectrum analysis of the desert sand proves that the desert sand particles contain a large amount of silicon elements and a small amount of potassium, calcium, iron, titanium, aluminum, magnesium and other elements; the existence of the metals reduces the softening temperature of the sand particles, can promote the materials to form a liquid phase at a lower temperature, ensures that ions are more fully diffused in the sintering process, ensures that the connecting parts among the aggregate particles can easily form stable chemical combination, is favorable for improving the density of the connecting parts among the sand and the aggregate, and further effectively improves the strength of the ceramic.
(3) The added silicon carbide or zirconia powder is surrounded by liquid phase in the sintering process, and hardly participates in high-temperature chemical reaction due to high melting point and high chemical stability of the silicon carbide or zirconia powder. Therefore, the glass phase becomes a reinforcing phase of a glass phase among the sand aggregates after cooling, the composite reinforcing effect of the hard particles is generated, and the bonding strength among the sand aggregates is further improved.
(4) In the process of mixing and ball-milling the sintering aid and the reinforcing phase powder, the ball-milling modifier is added, so that the surface modification can be performed on the sintering aid and the reinforcing phase powder, the reinforcing phase powder particles and the sintering aid particles can be uniformly dispersed, particularly, the kaolin can be effectively modified, the bonding capability and the sintering performance of the kaolin are improved, the desert sand and the reinforcing phase powder can be better bonded in the drainage process, the particle gaps can be effectively filled in the sintering process, the compactness of the connecting parts between sand aggregates is enhanced, the purpose of improving the strength of the ceramic material is realized, the hard particle composite strengthening capability of the reinforcing phase powder can be improved, and the bonding strength of the sand aggregates is further improved.
(5) The porosity of the porous ceramic obtained by the invention is 30-40%, and the density is 1.5-1.8g/cm3The compressive strength is 15-25MPa, and the thermal expansion coefficient is (1.0-2.0) x 10-6/℃。
(6) The invention has the advantages of low addition of volatile substances in the raw materials, utilization of a large amount of natural desert sand, green manufacture, environmental protection, conservation of national soil resources, simple process and low cost compared with other processes.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are possible which remain within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A raw material for preparing a porous ceramic material is characterized by comprising the following components: desert sand, sintering aid, reinforcing phase powder, water glass and water.
2. The raw material for preparing the porous ceramic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sintering aid is a mixture of kaolin and limestone, and the mass ratio of kaolin to limestone is 85-95: 5-15; the reinforced phase powder is silicon carbide or zirconium oxide.
3. The raw material for preparing the porous ceramic material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the addition mass of the desert sand and the sintering aid is calculated according to the parts by weight: 70-90 parts of desert sand and 10-30 parts of sintering aid; the adding mass of the reinforcing phase powder is 0-30% of the mass of the sintering aid, the adding mass of the water glass is 3-10% of the mass of the desert sand, and the adding mass of the water is 40-50% of the sum of the mass of the sintering aid and the mass of the reinforcing phase powder.
4. The raw material for preparing a porous ceramic material according to claim 1, wherein the desert sand is one of the following particle size groups: 80-100 mesh group, 60-80 mesh group, or 50-60 mesh group.
5. A method for preparing a porous ceramic material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) screening and grading the desert sands, grouping the desert sands in different particle size ranges, and selecting any one group of the desert sands;
(2) weighing desert sand, a sintering aid, reinforcing phase powder and water glass;
(3) ball-milling the sintering aid and the reinforcing phase powder together, and adding water or a mixture of water and a ball-milling modifier during ball-milling;
(4) adding the desert sand into the slurry subjected to ball milling in the step (3), adding water glass, mixing in a mixer, preserving heat and draining;
(5) pressing the dehydrated raw materials on a press machine for forming, and heating to harden the blank after forming;
(6) and sintering the blank at high temperature to obtain the porous ceramic material.
6. The method for preparing a porous ceramic material according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the desert sand is divided into three groups, which are respectively: 80-100 mesh group, 60-80 mesh group, and 50-60 mesh group.
7. The method for preparing a porous ceramic material according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), the desert sand is 70 to 90 parts by weight, and the sintering aid is 10 to 30 parts by weight; the adding mass of the reinforcing phase powder is 0-30% of the mass of the sintering aid, the sintering aid is a mixture of kaolin and limestone, and the mass ratio of the kaolin to the limestone is 85-95: 5-15; the reinforced phase powder is silicon carbide or zirconium oxide; the adding mass of the water glass is 3-10% of the mass of the desert sand.
8. The preparation method of the porous ceramic material according to claim 5, wherein in the step (3), the ball milling time is 30-60min, the mass of the added water during ball milling is 40-50% of the sum of the mass of the sintering aid and the mass of the reinforcing phase powder, the ball milling modifier is N, N-dimethylacetamide and ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate, and the mass ratio of the N, N-dimethylacetamide to ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate is 1: (2-3), the addition amount of the ball milling modifier is 30-50% of the mass of water.
9. The method for preparing a porous ceramic material according to claim 5, wherein in the step (4), the set of desert sands screened in the step (1) is added into the slurry after ball milling in the step (3), water glass is added, and after mixing in a mixer for 20-40min, the mixture is kept at 90 ℃ for 360min, and water is discharged.
10. The method for preparing a porous ceramic material according to claim 5, wherein in the step (5), the molding pressure is 5 to 15 MPa; hardening the blank at 80-120 deg.c for 30-60 min; in the step (6), the temperature of the high-temperature sintering is 1150-.
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