CN111097384B - 一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种C‑Bi2O3‑CuO‑ZnO吸附材料及其制备方法和应用,该制备方法包括以下步骤:S1、将铜盐、铋盐、锌盐和活性炭加入稀硝酸溶液中,使铜盐、铋盐、锌盐溶解,得到混合液;S2、将步骤S1所述混合液的pH调至5‑12,得到反应液;S3、将步骤S2所述反应液在搅拌、微波条件下进行水热反应,得到C‑Bi2O3‑CuO‑ZnO吸附材料。本发明的C‑Bi2O3‑CuO‑ZnO吸附材料对重金属离子的吸附去除效果好,可以用于含重金属的工业污水废水环境治理中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吸附材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
多孔活性炭材料具有独特的骨架结构、较高的表面积、定向的孔道分布,具有较高的化学稳定性,是一种无污染、无害环境的吸附剂材料,在吸附分离、污水处理、气体净化等领域得到广泛应用。但是,单一多孔活性炭材料的吸附和催化性能有限,无法发挥很好的吸附效果,而复合多孔活性炭材料由于其独特的性能,比单一多孔碳材料具有更好的吸附和催化性能,成为当前研究的重点。
随着工业的发展,含重金属废水已经成为困扰人们的一大难题。重金属对人体、动植物具有显著的毒性,不能被微生物降解,易在生物体内富集,是对环境污染最大的污染物之一。以镉为例,镉可形成多种配离子,如Cd(NH3)、 Cd(CN)、CdCl等。镉的毒性较大,被镉污染的空气和食物对人体危害严重,日本因镉中毒曾出现“痛痛病”。开发高效净化含镉废水的吸附剂,在含重金属废水的治理方面具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料及其制备方法和应用。
本发明提出的一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将铜盐、铋盐、锌盐和活性炭加入稀硝酸溶液中,使铜盐、铋盐、锌盐溶解,得到混合液;
S2、将步骤S1所述混合液的pH调至5-12,得到反应液;
S3、将步骤S2所述反应液在搅拌、微波条件下进行水热反应,得到 C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料。
优选地,所述步骤S3中,水热反应的具体条件如下:微波功率为800-1500W;反应温度为90-140℃;反应时间为10-30min。
优选地,所述C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料中,Bi2O3、CuO、ZnO的摩尔比为(1-2): (1-2):(1-2);优选地,Bi2O3、CuO、ZnO的摩尔比为1:2:1。
优选地,所述C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料中,活性炭的质量占总质量的 60-80%;优选地,活性炭的质量占总质量的70%。
优选地,所述铋盐为硝酸铋,所述铜盐为硝酸铜,所述锌盐为乙酸锌。
优选地,所述混合液中,铋盐的摩尔浓度为0.10-0.80mol/L,铜盐的摩尔浓度为0.10-1.0mol/L,锌盐的摩尔浓度为0.10-0.50mol/L。
优选地,所述稀硝酸溶液的浓度为0.10-1.5mol/L。
优选地,所述步骤S2中,采用氨水溶液调节pH。
优选地,在所述步骤S3反应后,还包括干燥处理;更优选地,所述干燥处理的具体条件为:在140-160℃条件下干燥2-4h。
一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料,由权利要求1-8所述制备方法制得。
一种所述C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料在处理含重金属废水中的应用。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明采用微波水热法合成C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料,利用微波作为加热工具,实现分子水平上的搅拌,克服水热容器加热不均匀的缺点,缩短反应时间,提高工作效率,具有加热速度快,加热均匀,无温度梯度,无滞后效应等优点,并且,通过对材料中活性炭含量的选择,和材料中Bi2O3、CuO、ZnO的摩尔比的选择,得到了具有片形和大量的球形状混合结构的C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料,其中颗粒分布均匀,大小均一,对重金属离子,尤其是镉离子、铬离子具有很好的吸附去除效果,可以用于治理含重金属的废污水。
附图说明
图1为实施例中各样品的XRD测试结果。
图2-图4为实施例中样品7-1-2-1的SEM扫描电镜测试结果。
图5为日光照条件下,实施例中各样品对含镉离子溶液吸附后的残余镉离子百分比曲线。
图6为日光照条件下,实施例中各样品对含镉离子溶液的吸附量曲线。
具体实施方式
下面,通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将硝酸铋、硝酸铜、乙酸锌和活性炭加入50mL浓度为0.15mol/L的稀硝酸溶液中,使硝酸铋、硝酸铜、乙酸锌溶解,得到混合液;
S2、用氨水溶液将步骤S1所述混合液的pH调至5-12,得到反应液;
S3、将步骤S2所述反应液在搅拌、微波条件下,在100℃水热反应20min,反应容器为北京祥鹄科技有限公司生产的XH-800SP多功能微波水热平行合成仪反应器,罐体压力为3Mpa;然后在150℃条件下干燥3h,得到C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO 吸附材料,其中微波功率为1000W。
按上述制备方法制备得到C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料,该材料中活性炭的质量占材料总质量的70%,材料中Bi2O3、CuO、ZnO的摩尔比为1:2:1,记为样品7-1-2-1。
实施例2
一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将硝酸铋、硝酸铜、乙酸锌和活性炭加入50mL浓度为0.15mol/L的稀硝酸溶液中,使硝酸铋、硝酸铜、乙酸锌溶解,得到混合液;
S2、用氨水溶液将步骤S1所述混合液的pH调至5-12,得到反应液;
S3、将步骤S2所述反应液在搅拌、微波条件下,在100℃水热反应20min,反应容器为北京祥鹄科技有限公司生产的XH-800SP多功能微波水热平行合成仪反应器,罐体压力为3Mpa;然后在150℃条件下干燥3h,得到C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO 吸附材料,其中微波功率为1000W。
按上述制备方法制备得到C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料,该材料中活性炭的质量占材料总质量的70%,材料中Bi2O3、CuO、ZnO的摩尔比为1:2:2,记为样品 7-1-2-2。
实施例3
一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将硝酸铋、硝酸铜、乙酸锌和活性炭加入50mL浓度为0.15mol/L的稀硝酸溶液中,使硝酸铋、硝酸铜、乙酸锌溶解,得到混合液;
S2、用氨水溶液将步骤S1所述混合液的pH调至5-12,得到反应液;
S3、将步骤S2所述反应液在搅拌、微波条件下,在100℃水热反应20min,反应容器为北京祥鹄科技有限公司生产的XH-800SP多功能微波水热平行合成仪反应器,罐体压力为3Mpa;然后在150℃条件下干燥3h,得到C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO 吸附材料,其中微波功率为1000W。
按上述制备方法制备得到C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料,该材料中活性炭的质量占材料总质量的70%,材料中Bi2O3、CuO、ZnO的摩尔比为2:1:1,记为样品 7-2-1-1。
实施例4
一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将硝酸铋、硝酸铜、乙酸锌和活性炭加入50mL浓度为0.15mol/L的稀硝酸溶液中,使硝酸铋、硝酸铜、乙酸锌溶解,得到混合液;
S2、用氨水溶液将步骤S1所述混合液的pH调至5-12,得到反应液;
S3、将步骤S2所述反应液在搅拌、微波条件下,在100℃水热反应20min,反应容器为北京祥鹄科技有限公司生产的XH-800SP多功能微波水热平行合成仪反应器,罐体压力为3Mpa;然后在150℃条件下干燥3h,得到C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO 吸附材料,其中微波功率为1000W。
按上述制备方法制备得到C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料,该材料中活性炭的质量占材料总质量的70%,材料中Bi2O3、CuO、ZnO的摩尔比为2:2:1,记为样品 7-2-2-1。
实施例5
一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将硝酸铋、硝酸铜、乙酸锌和活性炭加入50mL浓度为0.15mol/L的稀硝酸溶液中,使硝酸铋、硝酸铜、乙酸锌溶解,得到混合液;
S2、用氨水溶液将步骤S1所述混合液的pH调至5-12,得到反应液;
S3、将步骤S2所述反应液在搅拌、微波条件下,在100℃水热反应20min,反应容器为北京祥鹄科技有限公司生产的XH-800SP多功能微波水热平行合成仪反应器,罐体压力为3Mpa;然后在150℃条件下干燥3h,得到C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO 吸附材料,其中微波功率为1000W。
按上述制备方法制备得到C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料,该材料中活性炭的质量占材料总质量的70%,材料中Bi2O3、CuO、ZnO的摩尔比为1:1:1,记为样品 7-1-1-1。
实施例6
一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将硝酸铋、硝酸铜、乙酸锌和活性炭加入50mL浓度为0.15mol/L的稀硝酸溶液中,使硝酸铋、硝酸铜、乙酸锌溶解,得到混合液;
S2、用氨水溶液将步骤S1所述混合液的pH调至5-12,得到反应液;
S3、将步骤S2所述反应液在搅拌、微波条件下,在100℃水热反应20min,反应容器为北京祥鹄科技有限公司生产的XH-800SP多功能微波水热平行合成仪反应器,罐体压力为3Mpa;然后在150℃条件下干燥3h,得到C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO 吸附材料,其中微波功率为1000W。
按上述制备方法制备得到C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料,该材料中活性炭的质量占材料总质量的70%,材料中Bi2O3、CuO、ZnO的摩尔比为1:1:2,记为样品 7-1-1-2。
实施例7C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料的表征
用SmartLab 9KM X射线衍射仪对各样品进行XRD测试,结果如图1所示(图1中从下到上依次为样品7-1-2-1、样品7-1-2-2、样品7-2-1-1、样品7-2-2-1、样品7-1-1-1、样品7-1-1-2)。
从图1可以看出,各样品的衍射强峰与C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO物相基本相对应,且各样品衍射谱图的衍射峰出峰强度相比较有明显的差异。各样品的XRD衍射图均有明显的Bi2O3,CuO,ZnO的衍射峰,而且都比较尖锐,说明本发明合成的 C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料在物相上与实验设计目标物相吻合。
用SU8020冷场扫描电镜对样品7-1-2-1进行SEM扫描电镜测试,结果如图 2-图4所示。
从图2可以看出,在1000W、100℃、20min的微波水热组合法条件下得到了具有片形和大量的球形状混合结构的C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料,颗粒分布均匀,大小均一,吸附材料的微结构尺寸范围为200nm-1μm,纳米效应明显,增强了后续吸附镉重金属离子的性能。其中样品7-1-2-1球形颗粒比表面积较大,孔道结构明显。
实施例8C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附重金属镉的性能测试
在日光照条件下,分别将30mg各样品加入500mL含镉离子溶液(溶液中镉离子初始浓度C0为100mg/L)中进行吸附,吸附时间为150min,吸附结束后测定溶液中的镉离子终浓度Ct,计算残余镉离子百分比,残余镉离子百分比=Ct/C0×100%,如图5所示。
由图3可知,样品7-1-2-1吸附效果最好,镉离子去除率达到99.8%,吸附时间在90min时,已基本完成吸附,且不同实施例的材料随时间的延长,吸附去除效果越好。
在日光照条件下,分别将40mg各样品加入500mL含镉离子溶液(溶液中镉离子初始浓度为100mg/L)中进行吸附,吸附时间为140min,吸附结束后测定溶液中的镉离子终浓度,计算吸附量,结果如图6所示。
如图6所示,样品7-1-2-1吸附效果最好,吸附量达到188mg/g,且各样品随时间的延长,吸附去除效果越好,在吸附时间达到60min后,随着时间的增加,吸附量基本上达到稳定,说明吸附过程主要在60min内完成,而且吸附效果很好。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料中,Bi2O3、CuO、ZnO的摩尔比为(1-2):(1-2):(1-2);
所述C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料中,活性炭的质量占总质量的60-80%;
所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、将铜盐、铋盐、锌盐和活性炭加入稀硝酸溶液中,使铜盐、铋盐、锌盐溶解,得到混合液;
S2、将步骤S1所述混合液的pH调至5-12,得到反应液;
S3、将步骤S2所述反应液在搅拌、微波条件下进行水热反应,得到C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Bi2O3、CuO、ZnO的摩尔比为1:2:1;所述活性炭的质量占总质量的70%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中,水热反应的具体条件如下:微波功率为800-1500W;反应温度为90-140℃;反应时间为10-30min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铋盐为硝酸铋,所述铜盐为硝酸铜,所述锌盐为乙酸锌。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合液中,铋盐的摩尔浓度为0.10-0.80mol/L,铜盐的摩尔浓度为0.10-1.0mol/L,锌盐的摩尔浓度为0.10-0.50mol/L。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述稀硝酸溶液的浓度为0.10-1.5mol/L。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中,采用氨水溶液调节pH。
8.一种C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料,其特征在于,由权利要求1-7任一项所述制备方法制得。
9.一种权利要求8所述C-Bi2O3-CuO-ZnO吸附材料在处理含重金属废水中的应用。
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