CN111091265A - Clearing model and settlement method considering electric automobile participation in balance market - Google Patents

Clearing model and settlement method considering electric automobile participation in balance market Download PDF

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CN111091265A
CN111091265A CN201911059385.8A CN201911059385A CN111091265A CN 111091265 A CN111091265 A CN 111091265A CN 201911059385 A CN201911059385 A CN 201911059385A CN 111091265 A CN111091265 A CN 111091265A
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蒋志铭
周明
武昭原
胡智雄
赵德洁
雷若愚
刘中建
张岩
刘晓娟
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
North China Electric Power University
State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co Ltd
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North China Electric Power University
State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a balance market clearing model and a settlement method suitable for electric automobile participation, belonging to the technical field of electric power market trading and settlement; the invention introduces a novel balance resource-electric automobile with huge potential by elaborately designing a balance market rule, thereby relieving the problem of system imbalance caused by the access of high-proportion renewable energy sources. The method comprises the steps of firstly, based on EV charge-discharge characteristics and user travel requirements, providing a control framework of a balance market considering EV participation by establishing a double-layer structure for introducing aggregators; then, establishing a balance market clearing model considering EV participation by taking the minimum balance cost as an objective function; and finally, the travel demand of the user and the minimum deviation of the dispatching response are considered simultaneously, and a balanced market settlement method considering EV participation is provided based on a bivalent method. The invention provides suggestions for the construction of the balance market of the spot market and lays a foundation for the access of high-proportion renewable energy sources.

Description

Clearing model and settlement method considering electric automobile participation in balance market
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electric power markets, and particularly relates to a clearing model and a clearing method considering participation of electric vehicles in a balanced market, aiming at the design of balanced market rules.
Background
Renewable energy represented by wind and light replaces traditional fossil energy and becomes an important means for dealing with energy crisis and environmental pollution in China. The randomness and the volatility inherent in wind and light power generation require a power system to provide more regulation capacity, but the operation flexibility of the power system is continuously reduced along with the increase of the wind and light ratio and the relative reduction of the conventional power supply ratio with the regulation capacity, so that countries in the world are dedicated to developing wider flexible resources and exploring power market modes adapted to the flexible resources.
In recent years, Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been rapidly developed as an emerging force for changing energy consumption structures. The EV reserves of our country exceed 200 ten thousand by 2019. Meanwhile, the ubiquitous power internet of things construction rapidly promoted by national grid companies is expected to realize interconnection and intercommunication of tens of thousands of centralized charging stations and a large number of dispersed charging piles. EVs are novel flexible resources with considerable development potential due to their characteristics of large quantity, wide distribution, rapid response to market signals, and the like. With the rapid development and commercial operation of information communication technology, a driver can remotely manage the trading behaviors of electricity buying (charging) and electricity selling (discharging) through a charging device carrying a 4G/5G chip, so that the information communication chip can be used as a novel flexible resource to participate in electric power market trading. Research objects of existing settlement methods do not contain EVs, the EVs are used as balance resources and possibly do not completely respond to dispatching instructions due to characteristics of user travel demands and the like, and at present, the existing settlement methods aiming at providing balance services and simultaneously bearing unbalanced responsibility subjects are poorly researched.
China is in the construction period of the electric current market, the real-time balance market is used as a main component of the current market, and the construction of a real-time balance mechanism which is suitable for participation of high-proportion renewable energy sources, forms a real price signal and ensures the running reliability of the market is very important. At present, the electric power balance market in China is in an exploration stage, balance products are relatively single, the real-time balance of an electric power system containing high-proportion renewable energy is difficult to maintain effectively by only depending on power generation side resources, and development of novel flexible resources and design of an effective balance transaction mechanism are urgently needed. Most of the existing research focuses on the trading mechanism of EV participating in the day-ahead market, the mechanism design of EV participating in the balance market is rarely considered, and particularly, the information interaction and trading mechanism between the EV and the market based on the ubiquitous power Internet of things is not related.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a balance market clearing model and a settlement method considering EV participation, and provides theoretical guidance for participating in a power balance market as a novel flexible resource for the EV.
The present invention includes the following steps.
1) The aggregator can effectively predict and control the charge and discharge behaviors of related EVs by signing a charge and discharge contract with the user, and the two parties can obtain expected values of related indexes through negotiation.
1-1) EV charging price lambdach。λchThe price can be fixed or time-of-use electricity price can be adopted. As the electricity market matures into full competition in the future, each aggregator will offer a competitive tariff to attract more EV customers.
1-2) expected access grid time T of EV usersstTime to leave the grid TenAnd minimum trip requirement S of useren. If the EV is not late in network connection timeTstThen the aggregator must ensure that the relevant EV off-grid state of charge meets the user's minimum travel demand. Otherwise, the aggregator will be penalized.
1-3) allowable range of state of charge values for EV storage batteries
Figure BDA0002257462160000021
Maximum charging power
Figure BDA0002257462160000022
And maximum discharge power
Figure BDA0002257462160000023
To reduce the life loss of the battery, the state of charge level of the battery should be maintained at
Figure BDA0002257462160000024
And
Figure BDA0002257462160000025
in between, the maximum charging and discharging power should not exceed
Figure BDA0002257462160000026
And
Figure BDA0002257462160000027
when the customer does not want to discharge, the customer can be connected
Figure BDA0002257462160000028
Set to zero, EV users may also be treated directly as normal loads.
1-4) EV expected Battery discharge Compensation cdisAnd expected discharge yield rdis. Aggregators need to present an attractive incentive mechanism otherwise EV users would refuse to provide the necessary information. The excitation mechanism proposed by the invention consists of two parts: if the EV discharges during the network connection, the aggregator must compensate the EV users additionally, while the aggregator distributes part of the revenue to the EV users as its financial incentive to provide V2G service.
2) Constructing a balance market clearing model considering EV participation on the premise of minimum balance cost based on a rolling time domain updating method according to a contract mechanism between the EV and the aggregator obtained in the step 1).
The objective function is to balance the cost minimum:
Figure BDA0002257462160000031
in the formula: n is a radical ofeva、NgenRespectively referring to the number of aggregators participating in the balance market and the number of conventional generators;
Figure BDA0002257462160000032
Figure BDA0002257462160000033
respectively means that the a-th aggregator becomes t at the scheduling time tdUp-regulating power and down-regulating power;
Figure BDA0002257462160000034
respectively referring to an up-regulation power price and a down-regulation power price submitted by the a-th aggregator;
Figure BDA0002257462160000035
respectively means that the b-th conventional generator is scheduled at the time t ═ tdUp-regulating power and down-regulating power;
Figure BDA0002257462160000036
respectively referring to the up-regulation power price and the down-regulation power price submitted by the b-th conventional generator.
The constraint conditions include:
2-1) EV State of Charge variables
Figure BDA0002257462160000037
And (5) value restriction.
Figure BDA0002257462160000038
2-2) EV charge-discharge power limit constraints.
Figure BDA0002257462160000039
Figure BDA00022574621600000310
In the formula:
Figure BDA00022574621600000311
the maximum charging power and the maximum discharging power allowed for the ith vehicle EV are respectively.
2-3) EV state of charge constraints. To reduce the impact of excessive charge and discharge on battery life, the state of charge of the EV needs to be constrained.
Figure BDA00022574621600000312
In the formula:
Figure BDA00022574621600000313
respectively, the minimum and maximum allowable states of charge of the ith vehicle EV.
2-4) user travel demand constraints. As a vehicle, the state of charge of an EV when leaving the grid should meet the minimum travel demand of the user.
S(Ten)≥Sen(i)
2-5) system power balance constraints.
Figure BDA00022574621600000314
2-6) aggregate quotient up/down power limit constraints.
Figure BDA0002257462160000041
Figure BDA0002257462160000042
2-7) conventional generator up/down power limit constraints.
Figure BDA0002257462160000043
Figure BDA0002257462160000044
In the formula:
Figure BDA0002257462160000045
respectively refer to the b-th conventional generator at t ═ tdMaximum power up and maximum power down submitted at a time.
2-8) line power limit constraints.
-Pl,max≤Pl,d≤Pl,max,l＝1,2,...,L
In the formula: pl,dThe market operation mechanism calls balance resources and then passes the active power of a line l; pl,maxThe finger line l allows the maximum active power; l refers to the number of lines in the network.
3) And an improved bivalent method adapting to EV participation is provided while the minimum travel requirement of the user is met and the minimum power response deviation is minimized. Under a typical unbalanced pricing mechanism, an aggregator tends to be put into a balanced market with optimal charge and discharge power as a reference, and in a real-time operation stage, the aggregator does not follow the scheduling instruction of a market mechanism to meet the minimum travel demand of a user, and the result of aggravating system imbalance can be caused. In the face of the defects, the invention improves on the basis of a typical bivalent method, and the clear price of the market before the day is multiplied by the corresponding penalty coefficient when the system is in a short (long) position and the unbalanced responsible party is in a long (short) position, so that the net profit of the aggregator participating in the balanced market responding to excess is lower than the profit of the aggregator normally participating in the market before the day, thereby playing a constraint role in the market behavior of the aggregator.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) for EV aggregators, because the balance market settlement price is higher than the market clearing price in the day ahead under normal conditions, the benefits of the EV aggregators for simultaneously participating in the day ahead market and the balance market are higher than the benefits of completely participating in the day ahead market, which shows that a arbitrage space exists to encourage the EV to participate in the balance market, and the side shows the necessity of establishing a balance market clearing model and a clearing method considering the participation of the EV.
(2) For a system operator, the measure that the EV participates in the balance market is introduced, so that the operation flexibility of the power system is increased, the power balance pressure is effectively relieved, and the total balance cost of the system can be reduced.
(3) The characteristic of quick response of the EV enables the balance market settlement price to be closer to the clearing price of the market in the day ahead, is beneficial to forming a real price signal and providing reference for the medium-long-term market and the quotation of the market in the day ahead, and is beneficial to reasonably deciding to participate in the electric power market in the early stage by a market main body to gradually form virtuous circle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments in detail with reference to an example.
1) And the aggregator decides to submit the balance market down-regulation power according to contract signing terms. Satisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0002257462160000051
Figure BDA0002257462160000052
Figure BDA0002257462160000053
Figure BDA0002257462160000054
S(Ten)≥Sen(i)
2) when t is equal to tdAt the moment, unbalanced power deltaP occurs in the systemtThe polymer quotient response PX up/down powerThe instructions offset the system bias to obtain a profit. If the demand response is excessive, the aggregator controls EV discharge for high profit, which helps balance the power system while lowering the turn-up power price, and if the demand response is insufficient, the aggregator controls EV charge for low cost payment, which helps prevent the turn-down power price from being too low. And the constraint conditions are met:
Figure BDA0002257462160000055
Figure BDA0002257462160000056
Figure BDA0002257462160000057
Figure BDA0002257462160000058
Figure BDA0002257462160000059
-Pl,max≤Pl,d≤Pl,max,l＝1,2,...,L
3) market organization based on balanced market scheduling results
Figure BDA0002257462160000061
And the a-th aggregator obtaining the actual total charge and discharge amount according to the EV charge and discharge characteristics
Figure BDA0002257462160000062
The improved bivalent method provided by the invention is combined with the flow shown in the attached figure 1 to settle the market.
Thus, the method provided by the invention is implemented.
It is worth mentioning that the market main body of the invention is not limited to the EV, and can be expanded to any demand response resource such as air conditioner, workshop production and the like. Therefore, the above steps are only used for illustrating the technical method of the present invention, and not for limiting the present invention, and any modifications or partial replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A control framework for participating in a balance market of an EV is characterized in that an aggregator can effectively predict and control the charge-discharge behavior of the related EV by signing a charge-discharge contract with a user, and the two parties can obtain expected values of related indexes through negotiation. The method comprises the following steps: EV charging price lambdach。λchThe price can be fixed or time-of-use electricity price can be adopted; expected grid access time T of EV userstTime to leave the grid TenAnd minimum trip requirement S of useren. If the EV is not later than T in network connection timestThen the aggregator must ensure that the relevant EV off-grid state of charge meets the user's minimum travel demand. Otherwise, the aggregator will be subjected to certain punishment; EV battery allowable state of charge value range
Figure FDA0002257462150000011
Maximum charging power
Figure FDA0002257462150000012
And maximum discharge power
Figure FDA0002257462150000013
To reduce the life loss of the battery, the state of charge level of the battery should be maintained at
Figure FDA0002257462150000014
And
Figure FDA0002257462150000015
in between, the maximum charging and discharging power should not exceed
Figure FDA0002257462150000016
And
Figure FDA0002257462150000017
when the customer does not want to discharge, the customer can be connected
Figure FDA0002257462150000018
Setting to zero, EV users can also be directly considered as common loads; EV expected battery discharge compensation cdisAnd expected discharge yield rdis. Aggregators need to present an attractive incentive mechanism or else EV users may refuse to provide the necessary information, etc.
2. Constructing a balance market clearing model considering EV participation on the premise of minimum balance cost based on a rolling time domain updating method according to a contract mechanism between the EV and the aggregator obtained in the step 1). The concrete description is as follows:
the objective function is to balance the cost minimum:
Figure FDA0002257462150000019
wherein: n is a radical ofeva、NgenRespectively referring to the number of aggregators participating in the balance market and the number of conventional generators;
Figure FDA00022574621500000110
Figure FDA00022574621500000111
respectively means that the a-th aggregator becomes t at the scheduling time tdUp-regulating power and down-regulating power;
Figure FDA00022574621500000112
respectively referring to an up-regulation power price and a down-regulation power price submitted by the a-th aggregator;
Figure FDA00022574621500000113
respectively means that the b-th conventional generator is scheduled at the time t ═ tdUp-regulating power and down-regulating power;
Figure FDA0002257462150000021
respectively referring to the up-regulation power price and the down-regulation power price submitted by the b-th conventional generator.
The constraint conditions include:
2-1) electric vehicle related constraints.
Figure FDA0002257462150000022
Figure FDA0002257462150000023
Figure FDA0002257462150000024
Figure FDA0002257462150000025
S(Ten)≥Sen(i)
2-2) balance market related constraints.
Figure FDA0002257462150000026
Figure FDA0002257462150000027
Figure FDA0002257462150000028
Figure FDA0002257462150000029
Figure FDA00022574621500000210
-Pl,max≤Pl,d≤Pl,max,l＝1,2,...,L
3. In the face of a typical unbalanced pricing mechanism, a aggregator tends to be put into a balanced market by taking optimal charge and discharge power as reference, and in a real-time operation stage, the aggregator is not required to follow a scheduling instruction of a market mechanism for meeting the minimum travel demand of a user and possibly causing the problem that the system is unbalanced and aggravated.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12038726B2 (en) 2021-08-13 2024-07-16 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Methods and systems for managing vehicle-grid integration

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12038726B2 (en) 2021-08-13 2024-07-16 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Methods and systems for managing vehicle-grid integration

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