CN111089824B - Atmospheric particulates particle size spectrum space-time distribution multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device - Google Patents
Atmospheric particulates particle size spectrum space-time distribution multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device for the space-time distribution of an atmospheric particulate particle size spectrum, which comprises a multi-wavelength detection light source, a laser radar transmitting optical system, a laser radar receiving optical system and the like; the wavelength of the multi-wavelength detection light is respectively positioned in infrared, visible and ultraviolet wave bands, the detection light with different wavelengths is emitted to the atmosphere through a laser radar emission optical system, the detection light with different wavelengths interacts with atmospheric particulate matters and nitrogen to generate elastic scattering signals and Raman scattering signals with different wavelengths, the elastic scattering signals and the Raman scattering signals are identified and received by a laser lightning receiving optical system, the elastic scattering signals and the Raman scattering signals are collected, converted and stored into digital signals by a transient recorder, and the time-space distribution data of the particle size spectrum with high resolution and high precision of different heights on the light path are obtained through back calculation. The invention can realize all-weather observation of the space-time distribution of the particle size spectrum of the atmospheric particulates around the clock, acquire the three-dimensional data of the particle size spectrum of the atmospheric particulates along with the height change, and has higher time resolution, spatial resolution and high detection precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical remote measuring receiving devices, in particular to an atmospheric particulate particle size spectrum space-time distribution multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device, belongs to a multi-wavelength laser source, a laser radar detection technology and a high-precision spectrometer spectrum resolution technology, and establishes an eight-channel multi-wavelength atmospheric particulate particle size spectrum space-time distribution laser radar device to realize automatic and continuous monitoring on atmospheric particulate particle size spectrum distribution.
Background
The multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device for the atmospheric particulate particle size spectrum spatial-temporal distribution is a tool for carrying out active remote sensing detection according to the characteristics of spectral scattering differences of atmospheric particulate particles at different wavelengths, can quickly acquire the vertical or horizontal distribution state of the atmospheric particulate particle size spectrum, and has the advantages of high time, spatial and spectral resolution, large-scale remote sensing detection, day and night continuous monitoring and the like. The system is widely applied to the fields of remote sensing detection of atmosphere, ocean, environment, space and the like in sixty-seven decades in the past century. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of laser technology, signal detection and acquisition technology and optical mechanical precision processing technology, the laser radar technology has obtained a great deal of progress, the stability, reliability and detection precision of the laser radar technology can completely meet the requirements of environmental monitoring research, and especially the characteristics of large-scale remote sensing detection and the like effectively make up for the defects of the traditional atmospheric environment monitoring instrument, so that the laser radar technology is favored by domestic and foreign atmospheric pollution researchers and engineering technicians.
Dust-haze particulate pollution is a weather phenomenon that a large amount of tiny dust particles, smoke particles or salt particles are suspended in the atmosphere, so that the air is turbid, the horizontal visibility is reduced to be below 10 kilometers, and the weather process is complicated due to interaction of multiple pollutants. Polluted gases, ozone, volatile organic compounds and the like in the atmosphere are coupled with each other to carry out secondary chemical reaction, high-concentration fine particle pollution is formed, air visibility is reduced, ground ozone concentration is increased, atmospheric oxidation is enhanced, and the pollution is the main reason for generating dust-haze particulate matters. When the weather is polluted by the particles, the ground atmospheric visibility is greatly reduced by the extinction effect of the particles, so that the direct negative influence is caused on urban landscape, traffic safety and citizen life, the lung function of a human body can be changed by fine particles in the dust-haze particles, cardiovascular and asthma diseases are increased, bacteria and viruses carried by the dust-haze particles are polluted and become one of the infection ways of infectious diseases, and the research reports that the increase of the dust-haze pollution days is in direct proportion to the lung cancer incidence rate. In addition, dust haze particles can reduce the total radiation of sunlight reaching the ground, and the regional climate is seriously affected. Dust haze particulate matter pollution becomes a common worry of a plurality of cities in China, the pollution days of the cities such as Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Shenzhen and the like account for 30-50% of the total days of the whole year, and the mass concentration of PM2.5 fine particles exceeds the mass concentration of the PM2.5 in American standard by 2-6 times. Dust-haze particulate pollution in China is a complex pollution system with the interaction of multiple pollutants, the mutual coupling of multiple pollution processes and the mutual correlation of multiple-region pollution, is a new complex environmental problem in the economic development process of China, is a pollution phenomenon which is much more serious than that in developed countries, and becomes a major bottleneck factor restricting the development of regional economy. In recent years, the frequency of dust-haze pollution is continuously improved, the pollution degree is continuously upgraded, the pollution range is continuously expanded, and the national requirements for effectively controlling the dust-haze pollution of cities and regions and improving the air quality are currently significant. The particle size spectrum continuous online three-dimensional observation is developed aiming at the dust-haze particulate matter pollution, the research on the cause of the dust-haze is facilitated, the method and the means for controlling the dust-haze pollution are scientifically formulated, and the urgent requirements of the dust-haze particulate matter pollution control and the air quality improvement in China are met.
The research on published documents at home and abroad discovers that the current monitoring research reports on the particle size spectrum of atmospheric particulates by utilizing the laser radar technology can be divided into two types: one type is experimental research of the laser radar combined with other foundation detection instruments (such as a weather sonde, an aerosol particle spectrum analyzer, a sun photometer, PM10 and a PM2.5 detector) on atmospheric dust haze, and the research report generally refers to large-scale comprehensive observation experiments and requires synchronous observation of various instruments. In the eighties of the last century, a series of observation researches on dust haze are carried out in the countries in Europe and America by using a foundation or an airborne radar and combining various other instruments, and the airborne radar and other instruments are used by Lawrence F.Radke and the like to observe and research the atmospheric characteristics from the east coast of the United states to the Barfenisland in Canada, so that fresh pollution, dust haze pollution, clean atmospheric characteristics of the mid-latitude and a vertical distribution rule are reported; observing atmospheric dust haze and vertical distribution of the north pole, comparing the atmospheric dust haze and the vertical distribution with other ground monitoring results, and calculating and analyzing a dust haze radiation effect; m.stock et al observed and researched the dust haze and smoke plume of the north pole in 2008 by using devices such as a ground-based radar and a sun photometer, and compared and analyzed the optical characteristics of the dust haze and the smoke plume; Y.K Tiwari et al observed the urban pollution using argon ion lidar and showed that the dust-haze pollution was mainly distributed in the near-ground layer, the maximum concentration of dust-haze was usually present in the early morning before sunrise, the lower concentration was usually several hours after sunset at night, during winter and early rainy season, and vice versa. Research groups of units such as atmospheric physics institute of Chinese academy of sciences, Donghua university, China Meteorological office Guangzhou tropical oceanographic research institute, Wuhan university, China oceanographic university and the like in China also utilize the laser radar technology to carry out a great deal of effective research on the atmospheric dust-haze pollution. The detection wavelength of the laser radar used in the researches is mainly a visible light wave band and mainly a Mi scattering laser radar, the detection function is relatively single, the extinction coefficient and the spatial vertical distribution of the aerosol are mainly observed, and the detection of the particle size spectrum of the particles cannot be realized. Parameters such as particle size spectra of particles are generally acquired by a ground-level particle size spectrometer and cannot be detected by the particle size spectra of the particles in space, obviously, the actual situation of the particles at high altitude cannot be truly reflected by the particle size spectra data observed on the ground, and a large error can be introduced, but the research method can undeniably promote the understanding and understanding of particle size spectrum distribution of the particles greatly, and many scientific research teams scientifically explain many problems by using the method and obtain great achievements.
The existing equipment for particle size spectrum detection is mainly a 3321 type aerodynamic particle size spectrometer manufactured by TSI company, and provides high-resolution and real-time aerodynamic detection of particles with the particle size range of 0.5-20 microns. TSI3321 APS measures the particle size of aerosol particles using the principle of dual-beam laser particle size measurement. The flying aerosol particles are irradiated by two laser beams with the interval d between the upper laser beam and the lower laser beam along the axis perpendicular to the flying path of the particles, the scattered light generated by the collision between the particles and the laser beams when the particles pass through the focus is collected to two photomultiplier tubes (PMT), the electric pulse signals generated by the PMT are amplified and shaped and then input to a time mark circuit, the time used by the aerosol particles when flying between the two laser beams can be measured by the time mark circuit, and the flying speed of the particles is calculated. Due to the different inertia of the particles, a velocity profile will be obtained (typically in the order of hundreds of m/s), with smaller particles obtaining greater velocities and larger particles obtaining lesser velocities. By utilizing the property, a relation curve of the particle flying speed and the particle size is obtained by using standard particles with known particle sizes, and the particle size can be obtained by only measuring the flying speed of the aerosol particles to be measured by using a calibration curve. The device based on the aerodynamic particle size spectrometer and the protection of the patent application adopts different principles.
In the existing multi-wavelength laser radar, a large amount of effective researches are carried out by units such as western-Anritian university, northern national university, Wuhan university and the like, and the equipment performance is very excellent. However, in the patent application or the published literature, the laser filter is used for light splitting treatment, and the multi-wavelength laser radar design is not carried out by using a spectrometer light splitting method; in the aspect of laser radar light source, the device applied for protection of the invention adopts the detection light with high repetition frequency of 5KHz, the single pulse energy is lower, and the device has essential difference with the light source in the applied patent protection or published documents. The device can continuously observe day and night and has high time resolution and spatial resolution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-wavelength atmospheric particle size spectrum space-time distribution laser radar device, which is provided with eight detection channels and realizes automatic and continuous monitoring on atmospheric particle size spectrum distribution.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device for atmospheric particulate matter particle size spectrum space-time distribution comprises: the device comprises an optical platform, a detection laser light source, a first laser beam expanding lens, a first transmitting reflection prism, a transmitting lens, a second transmitting reflection prism, a laser radar receiving telescope system, a primary lens, a secondary lens, a focusing structure unit, an optical fiber adjusting structure, a signal optical fiber, a signal detection system, a signal light collimator, a first dichroic mirror, a first polarization analyzing prism, a first signal reflection lens, a second dichroic mirror, a third dichroic mirror, a fourth dichroic mirror, a second polarization analyzing prism, a second signal reflection lens, a second beam expanding lens, a grating and a third signal reflection lens; the system comprises a signal industrial personal computer, a transient state recorder and a signal synchronizer; the detection laser source, the first laser beam expander and the laser radar receiving telescope system are arranged on the optical platform and are fixed in relative positions, and the detection laser source and the first laser beam expander have the same center; the detection laser light source emits detection light with three wavelengths of an infrared band, a visible band and an ultraviolet band, the detection light is subjected to beam expanding collimation through the first laser beam expander, divergence angles of the detection light after beam expanding are smaller than 0.1mrad, and the detection light is emitted into the atmosphere through the first emission reflection prism, the first emission lens and the second emission reflection prism; the first emission reflection prism and the second emission reflection prism are fixed and cannot be adjusted, the emission lens can be adjusted at high precision, and the adjustment precision of the light beam directivity is 0.01 mrad; the laser radar receiving telescope system consists of a primary mirror and a secondary mirror, wherein a backscattering signal generated after interaction of the detection light and particles in the atmosphere is received by the laser radar receiving telescope system and is converged into an optical fiber through the primary mirror and the secondary mirror; the focusing structure unit consists of a fixed flange, a movable flange and an optical fiber adjusting structure, the relative positions of the fixed flange and the movable flange can be freely adjusted, the center height of the movable flange is constant in the adjusting process, the optical fiber adjusting structure is installed on the movable flange, the optical fiber is installed on the optical fiber adjusting structure, the movable flange is adjusted firstly, the end face of the optical fiber is located on the focal plane of the telescope, the fixed flange fixing knob locks the movable flange, the precise adjusting knob of the optical fiber adjusting structure is adjusted, the inclination angle of the optical fiber is adjusted, and the signal light collected by the laser radar receiving telescope system completely enters the optical fiber; the signal detection system mainly comprises a signal light collimator, a dichroic mirror I, a polarization detection prism I, a signal reflection lens I, a dichroic mirror II, a dichroic mirror III, a dichroic mirror IV, a polarization detection prism II, a signal reflection lens II, a beam expanding lens II, a grating, a signal reflection lens III, an optical filter I, an avalanche photodiode, an optical filter II, a photomultiplier tube II, an optical filter III, a photomultiplier tube III, an optical filter IV, a photomultiplier tube IV, an optical filter V, a photomultiplier tube V, an optical filter six, a photomultiplier tube V, a photomultiplier tube VII and a photomultiplier tube VIII, after signal light is transmitted by an optical fiber, the signal light enters the signal light collimator to collimate signal light into near-parallel signal light, the dichroic mirror I detects echo signal light of ultraviolet detection light, the echo signal light of the ultraviolet detection light passes through the polarization detection prism I, the ultraviolet signal light in the vertical polarization state enters a photomultiplier tube five through an optical filter five and is converted into UVS channel electric signals, and the ultraviolet signal light in the parallel polarization state enters a photomultiplier tube six through a reflector I and an optical filter six and is converted into UVP channel electric signals; the dichroic mirror II detects water vapor and nitrogen Raman signals generated by the ultraviolet detection light, and the water vapor and nitrogen Raman signals are collimated by the beam expanding mirror II and subjected to grating detection and respectively enter the photomultiplier tube seven and the photomultiplier tube eight to be converted into corresponding UVNR electrical signals and UVWR electrical signals; detecting the infrared wavelength signal by the dichroic mirror III, and converting the infrared wavelength signal into an IR channel electric signal by the avalanche photodiode through the optical filter I; detecting signal light of a visible light detection waveband and nitrogen Raman signal light generated by the signal light by a dichroic mirror IV, decomposing the signal light of the visible light detection waveband into signal light in a vertical polarization state and a parallel polarization state through a polarization detection prism II, allowing the signal light of the vertical polarization state visible light detection waveband to pass through an optical filter III, entering a detector photomultiplier V to be converted into a VLS channel electrical signal, allowing the signal light of the polarization state visible light detection waveband to pass through an optical filter IV, entering the photomultiplier IV to be converted into a VLP channel electrical signal, and allowing the nitrogen Raman signal light generated by the visible light waveband detection light to pass through an optical filter II to enter the photomultiplier II to be converted into VLNR channel signal light; the industrial personal computer automatically controls all parts of the system to work, the industrial personal computer respectively sends working signals to the detection laser light source and the transient recorder, and the detection laser light source enters a working state and returns signals to the industrial personal computer; the synchronizer sends a synchronous acquisition signal to the transient recorder when monitoring that the laser source sends a laser pulse, and feeds back the signal to the signal industrial personal computer, the signal industrial personal computer synchronously receives UVS, UVP, UVNR, UVWR, IR, VLS, VLP and VLNR electric signals acquired by the transient recorder, and transmits the actual acquisition pulse number to the signal industrial personal computer in real time, and the signal industrial personal computer performs timing according to the actual acquisition pulse number fed back by the transient recorder and simultaneously monitors the working states of different parts; and after the number of timing pulses is finished, the signal industrial personal computer sends a work stopping command to the laser light source and the transient recorder, meanwhile, the signal industrial personal computer stores the collected signal data, the collected parameters and the instrument working state data as laser radar data, and data processing is carried out by utilizing an atmospheric particulate particle size spectrum space-time distribution inversion method to obtain a distance-resolved atmospheric particulate particle size spectrum space-time profile on the measured light path.
Furthermore, the multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device for the atmospheric particulate size spectrum space-time distribution is characterized in that the optical fiber is provided with two optical fiber cores for receiving signal light collected by a laser radar receiving telescope system, one optical fiber core is vertical to the end face of the optical fiber, the other optical fiber core is designed to be inclined, and the included angle between the two optical fiber cores can be 10-30 degrees.
Furthermore, the multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device for the space-time distribution of the atmospheric particulate particle size spectrum has a large receiving aperture, the receiving aperture of a laser radar receiving telescope system is larger than 400mm, and meanwhile, the device is guaranteed to have a small blind area, and the blind area is smaller than 80 m.
Further, according to the atmospheric particulate size spectrum space-time distribution multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device, due to the specific high-speed synchronization characteristic of the synchronizer, the detection error is smaller than 0.3m due to time synchronization.
Furthermore, the multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device for the space-time distribution of the atmospheric particulate particle size spectrum is characterized in that the detection laser light source is a laser with high repetition frequency and high single pulse energy, the working frequency is 5KHz, and the single pulse energy is 1 mj;
furthermore, the atmospheric particulate particle size spectrum space-time distribution multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device can perform day-night continuous detection by using eight receiving channels with three detection wavelengths.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the novel multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device for the space-time distribution of the atmospheric particulate size spectrum is provided with eight detection channels, the detection range can cover the infrared band, the visible band and the ultraviolet band of atmospheric particulates, detection of Raman signals, rice scattering signals and polarization signals with different wavelengths can be realized, and the detection precision is high.
(2) The novel multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device for the space-time distribution of the atmospheric particulate size spectrum uses the spectrometer to carry out multi-wavelength laser radar signal detection design, can greatly increase the out-of-band suppression intensity of signals, solves the problem that Raman signals cannot be detected in the daytime, and can continuously work day and night.
(3) The invention relates to a novel multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device for atmospheric particulate size spectrum space-time distribution, which adopts double optical fiber cores to receive telescope system signals in a segmented mode, wherein one optical fiber core is vertical to the end face of an optical fiber, the other optical fiber core is designed in an inclined mode, and the included angle of the two optical fiber cores can be 10-30 degrees. The problem of detecting blind areas is solved, but 'no blind area' detection is realized, which is the problem that the laser radar remote measuring technology needs to solve in urban environmental pollution research application.
(4) The detection light sources used in the invention are all commercial laser light sources, compared with other water vapor laser radars, the cost of each part is greatly reduced, the steps of manual operation are greatly reduced, the automatic operation is more facilitated, and the long-time automatic operation of industrialization and business is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device for atmospheric particulate matter particle size spectrum spatial-temporal distribution.
Wherein: the device comprises an optical platform 1, a detection laser light source 2, a laser beam expander lens I3, a transmission reflection prism I4, a transmission lens 5, a transmission reflection prism II 6, a laser radar receiving telescope system 7, a primary mirror 8, a secondary mirror 9, a focusing structure unit 10, a fixing flange 11, a moving flange 12, a fixing knob 13, an optical fiber adjusting structure 14, a precision adjusting knob 15, a signal optical fiber 16, a signal detection system 17, a signal light collimator 18, a dichroic mirror I20, a polarization detection prism I21, a signal reflection lens I22, a dichroic mirror II 23, a dichroic mirror III 24, a dichroic mirror IV 25, a polarization detection prism II 26, a signal reflection lens II 27, a beam expander lens II 28, a grating 29, a signal reflection lens III 30, an optical filter I31, an avalanche photodiode 32, an optical filter II 33, a photomultiplier II 34, an optical filter III 35, a photomultiplier III 36, Optical filter IV 37, photomultiplier IV 38, optical filter V39, photomultiplier V40, optical filter VI 41, photomultiplier VI 42, photomultiplier VII 43, photomultiplier VIII 44, Signal IPC 45, transient recorder 46, Signal synchronizer 47.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, a multi-wavelength lidar measurement device for atmospheric particulate size spectrum spatial-temporal distribution includes: the device comprises an optical platform 1, a detection laser light source 2, a first laser beam expander lens 3, a first emission reflection prism 4, an emission lens 5, a second emission reflection prism 6, a laser radar receiving telescope system 7, a primary mirror 8, a secondary mirror 9, a focusing structure unit 10, an optical fiber adjusting structure 14, a signal optical fiber 16, a signal detection system 17, a signal light collimator 18, a first dichroic mirror 20, a first polarization detection prism 21, a first signal reflection lens 22, a second dichroic mirror 23, a third dichroic mirror 24, a fourth dichroic mirror 25, a second polarization detection prism 26, a second signal reflection lens 27, a second beam expander lens 28, a grating 29 and a third signal reflection lens 30; a signal industrial personal computer 45, a transient recorder 46 and a signal synchronizer 47; the detection laser source 2, the laser beam expander lens I3 and the laser radar receiving telescope system 7 are installed on the optical platform 1 and are fixed in relative positions, and the detection laser source 2 and the laser beam expander lens I3 have the same center; the detection laser light source 2 emits detection light with three wavelengths of an infrared band, a visible band and an ultraviolet band, the detection light is subjected to beam expanding collimation through a laser beam expander I3, divergence angles of the detection light after beam expanding are smaller than 0.1mrad, and the detection light is emitted into the atmosphere through an emission reflection prism I4, an emission lens 5 and an emission reflection prism II 6; the first emission reflection prism 4 and the second emission reflection prism 6 are fixed and cannot be adjusted, the emission lens 5 can be adjusted at high precision, and the adjustment precision of the light beam directivity is 0.01 mrad; the laser radar receiving telescope system 7 consists of a primary mirror 8 and a secondary mirror 9, and a backscattering signal generated after the interaction of the detection light and particles in the atmosphere is received by the laser radar receiving telescope system 7 and is converged into a signal optical fiber 16 through the primary mirror 8 and the secondary mirror 9; the focusing structure unit 10 is composed of a fixed flange 11, a movable flange 12 and an optical fiber adjusting structure 14, the relative positions of the fixed flange 11 and the movable flange 12 can be freely adjusted, the center height of the movable flange is constant in the adjusting process, the optical fiber adjusting structure 14 is installed on the movable flange 12, a signal optical fiber 16 is installed on the optical fiber adjusting structure 14, the movable flange 12 is adjusted firstly, the end face of the signal optical fiber 16 is located on the focal plane of the laser radar receiving telescope system 7, the fixed knob 13 of the fixed flange 11 locks the movable flange 12, then the precise adjusting knob 15 of the optical fiber adjusting structure 14 is adjusted, the inclination angle of the signal optical fiber 16 is adjusted, and the signal light collected by the laser radar receiving telescope system 7 completely enters the signal optical fiber 16; the signal detection system 17 mainly comprises a signal light collimator 18, a dichroic mirror I20, a polarization analysis prism I21, a signal reflection lens I22, a dichroic mirror II 23, a dichroic mirror III 24, a dichroic mirror IV 25, a polarization analysis prism II 26, a signal reflection lens II 27, a beam expanding lens II 28, a grating 29, a signal reflection lens III 30, an optical filter I31, an avalanche photodiode 32, an optical filter II 33, a photomultiplier II 34, an optical filter III 35, a photomultiplier III 36, an optical filter IV 37, a photomultiplier IV 38, an optical filter V39, a photomultiplier V40, an optical filter V41, a photomultiplier VI 42, a photomultiplier VII 43 and a photomultiplier VIII 44. After being transmitted by a signal optical fiber 16, the signal light enters a signal light collimator 18 to be collimated into near-parallel signal light, a first dichroic mirror 20 detects echo signal light of ultraviolet detection light, the echo signal light of the ultraviolet detection light is decomposed into ultraviolet signal light in a vertical polarization state and a parallel polarization state through a first polarization detection prism 21, the ultraviolet signal light in the vertical polarization state passes through a fifth optical filter 39 and enters a fifth photomultiplier 40 to be converted into UVS channel electric signals, and the ultraviolet signal light in the parallel polarization state passes through a first reflection lens 22 and a sixth optical filter 41 and enters a sixth photomultiplier 42 to be converted into UVP channel electric signals; a dichroic mirror II 23 detects water vapor and nitrogen Raman signals generated by ultraviolet detection light, and the water vapor and nitrogen Raman signals are collimated by a beam expanding mirror II 28 and detected by a grating 29 and respectively enter a photomultiplier tube seven 43 and a photomultiplier tube eight 44 to be converted into corresponding UVNR electric signals and UVWR electric signals; detecting the infrared wavelength signal by a dichroic mirror III 24, converting the infrared wavelength signal into an IR channel electrical signal by an avalanche photodiode 32 through a first optical filter 31; the dichroic mirror IV 25 detects the signal light of the visible light detection waveband and the nitrogen Raman signal light generated by the visible light detection waveband, the signal light of the visible light waveband is decomposed into signal light in a vertical polarization state and a parallel polarization state through the polarization detection prism II 26, the signal light of the vertical polarization state visible light detection waveband enters the detector photomultiplier III 36 through the optical filter III 35 and is converted into a VLS channel electric signal, the signal light of the polarization state visible light detection waveband enters the photomultiplier IV 38 through the optical filter IV 37 and is converted into a VLP channel electric signal, and the nitrogen Raman signal light generated by the visible light waveband detection light enters the photomultiplier II 33 through the optical filter II and is converted into a VLNR channel signal light.
The working process of the invention is as follows: the signal industrial personal computer 45 automatically controls all parts of the system to work, the signal industrial personal computer 45 respectively sends working signals to the detection laser light source 2 and the transient recorder 46, the detection laser light source 2 enters a working state, and signals are returned to the signal industrial personal computer 45; when monitoring that the detection laser light source 2 emits laser pulses, the signal synchronizer 47 sends synchronous acquisition signals to the transient recorder 46 and feeds back signals to the signal industrial personal computer 45, the signal industrial personal computer 45 synchronously receives UVS, UVP, UVNR, UVWR, IR, VLS, VLP and VLNR electric signals acquired by the transient recorder 46 and transmits actual acquisition pulse numbers to the signal industrial personal computer 45 in real time, and the signal industrial personal computer 45 performs timing according to the actual acquisition pulse numbers fed back by the transient recorder 46 and monitors working states of different parts; after the number of timing pulses is over, the signal industrial personal computer 45 sends a command of stopping working to the detection laser light source 2 and the transient recorder 46, meanwhile, the signal industrial personal computer 45 stores the collected signal data, the collected parameters and the instrument working state data as laser radar data, and data processing is carried out by utilizing an atmospheric particulate particle size spectrum space-time distribution inversion method to obtain a distance-resolved atmospheric particulate particle size spectrum space-time profile on the measured light path.
The invention has not been described in detail in part of the common general knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an atmospheric particulates particle size spectrum space-time distribution multi-wavelength laser radar measuring device which characterized in that includes: the device comprises an optical platform (1), a detection laser light source (2), a first laser beam expander (3), a first transmitting and reflecting prism (4), a transmitting lens (5), a second transmitting and reflecting prism (6), a laser radar receiving telescope system (7), a primary mirror (8), a secondary mirror (9), a focusing structure unit (10), an optical fiber adjusting structure (14), a signal optical fiber (16), a signal detection system (17), a signal light collimator (18), a first dichroic mirror (20), a first polarization detection prism (21), a first signal reflecting lens (22), a second dichroic mirror (23), a third dichroic mirror (24), a fourth dichroic mirror (25), a second polarization detection prism (26), a second signal reflecting lens (27), a second beam expander (28), a grating (29) and a third signal reflecting lens (30); the device comprises a signal industrial personal computer (45), a transient recorder (46) and a signal synchronizer (47); the detection laser source (2), the first laser beam expander (3) and the laser radar receiving telescope system (7) are arranged on the optical platform (1) and are fixed in relative positions, and the detection laser source (2) and the first laser beam expander (3) have the same center; the detection laser light source (2) emits detection light with three wavelengths of an infrared band, a visible band and an ultraviolet band, the detection light is subjected to beam expanding collimation through a first laser beam expander (3), divergence angles of the detection light after beam expanding are smaller than 0.1mrad, and the detection light is emitted into the atmosphere through a first emission reflection prism (4), an emission lens (5) and a second emission reflection prism (6); the first emission reflection prism (4) and the second emission reflection prism (6) are fixed and cannot be adjusted, the emission lens (5) can be adjusted in high precision, and the adjustment precision of the light beam directivity is 0.01 mrad; the laser radar receiving telescope system (7) consists of a primary mirror (8) and a secondary mirror (9), wherein a backscattering signal generated after interaction of the detection light and particles in the atmosphere is received by the laser radar receiving telescope system (7) and is converged into a signal optical fiber (16) through the primary mirror (8) and the secondary mirror (9); the focusing structure unit (10) is composed of a fixed flange (11), a movable flange (12) and an optical fiber adjusting structure (14), the relative positions of the fixed flange (11) and the movable flange (12) can be freely adjusted, the center height of the movable flange is constant in the adjusting process, the optical fiber adjusting structure (14) is installed on the movable flange (12), a signal optical fiber (16) is installed on the optical fiber adjusting structure (14), the movable flange (12) is adjusted firstly, the end face of the signal optical fiber (16) is positioned on the focal plane of the laser radar receiving telescope system (7), the fixed flange (11) fixes the knob (13) to lock the movable flange (12), then the precise adjusting knob (15) of the optical fiber adjusting structure (14) is adjusted to adjust the inclination angle of the signal optical fiber (16), the signal light collected by the laser radar receiving telescope system (7) completely enters the signal optical fiber (16); the signal detection system (17) mainly comprises a signal light collimator (18), a dichroic mirror I (20), a polarization detection prism I (21), a signal reflection lens I (22), a dichroic mirror II (23), a dichroic mirror III (24), a dichroic mirror IV (25), a polarization detection prism II (26), a signal reflection lens II (27), a beam expander lens II (28), a grating (29), a signal reflection lens III (30), an optical filter I (31), an avalanche photodiode (32), an optical filter II (33), a photomultiplier tube II (34), an optical filter III (35), a photomultiplier tube III (36), an optical filter IV (37), a photomultiplier tube IV (38), an optical filter V (39), a photomultiplier tube V (40), an optical filter V (41), a photomultiplier tube VI (42), a photomultiplier tube VII (43) and a photomultiplier tube VIII (44), after signal light is transmitted through a signal optical fiber (16), the signal light enters a signal light collimator (18) to be collimated into near-parallel signal light, a dichroic mirror I (20) detects echo signal light of ultraviolet detection light, the echo signal light of the ultraviolet detection light is decomposed into ultraviolet signal light in a vertical polarization state and a parallel polarization state through a polarization detection prism I (21), the ultraviolet signal light in the vertical polarization state passes through an optical filter I (39), enters a photomultiplier tube I (40) to be converted into UVS channel electric signals, and the ultraviolet signal light in the parallel polarization state passes through a reflecting lens I (22) and an optical filter II (41) to enter a photomultiplier tube II (42) to be converted into UVP channel electric signals; a dichroic mirror II (23) detects water vapor and nitrogen Raman signals generated by ultraviolet detection light, and the water vapor and nitrogen Raman signals are collimated by a beam expanding mirror II (28) and detected by a grating (29) and respectively enter a photomultiplier tube seven (43) and a photomultiplier tube eight (44) to be converted into corresponding UVNR electric signals and UVWR electric signals; detecting the infrared wavelength signal by a dichroic mirror III (24), and converting the infrared wavelength signal into an IR channel electric signal by an avalanche photodiode (32) through a first optical filter (31); a dichroic mirror IV (25) detects signal light of a visible light detection waveband and nitrogen Raman signal light generated by the visible light detection waveband, the signal light of the visible light waveband is decomposed into signal light in a vertical polarization state and a parallel polarization state through a polarization detection prism II (26), the signal light of the vertical polarization state visible light detection waveband enters a detector photomultiplier tube III (36) through an optical filter III (35) and is converted into VLS channel electrical signals, the signal light of the polarization state visible light detection waveband enters a photomultiplier tube IV (38) through an optical filter IV (37) and is converted into VLP channel electrical signals, and the nitrogen Raman signal light generated by the visible light waveband detection light enters a photomultiplier tube II (34) through an optical filter II (33) and is converted into VLNR channel signal light; the signal industrial personal computer (45) automatically controls all parts of the system to work, the signal industrial personal computer (45) respectively sends working signals to the detection laser light source (2) and the transient recorder (46), and the detection laser light source (2) enters a working state and returns signals to the signal industrial personal computer (45); when the signal synchronizer (47) monitors that the laser light source (2) sends laser pulses, synchronous acquisition signals are sent to the transient recorder (46), signals are fed back to the signal industrial personal computer (45), the signal industrial personal computer (45) synchronously receives UVS, UVP, UVNR, UVWR, IR, VLS, VLP and VLNR electric signals acquired by the transient recorder (46), the actual acquisition pulse number is transmitted to the signal industrial personal computer (45) in real time, the signal industrial personal computer (45) performs timing according to the actual acquisition pulse number fed back by the transient recorder (46), and meanwhile, the working states of different parts are monitored; after the number of timing pulses is finished, a signal industrial personal computer (45) sends a work stopping command to a laser light source (2) and a transient recorder (46), meanwhile, the signal industrial personal computer (45) stores collected signal data, collected parameters and instrument working state data into laser radar data, data processing is carried out by utilizing an atmospheric particulate particle size spectrum space-time distribution inversion method, and a distance-resolved atmospheric particulate particle size spectrum space-time profile on the measured light path is obtained.
2. The atmospheric particulates particle size spectrum space-time distribution multi-wavelength lidar measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the signal optical fiber (16) is characterized in that the signal light collected by the laser radar receiving telescope system (7) is received by double optical fiber cores, one of the optical fiber cores is vertical to the end face of the optical fiber, the other optical fiber core is designed to be inclined, and the included angle of the two optical fiber cores is 10-30 degrees.
3. The atmospheric particulates particle size spectrum space-time distribution multi-wavelength lidar measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the device has a large receiving caliber, the receiving caliber of the laser radar receiving telescope system (7) is larger than 400mm, and meanwhile, the device is ensured to have a small blind area, and the blind area is smaller than 80 m.
4. The atmospheric particulates particle size spectrum space-time distribution multi-wavelength lidar measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the signal synchronizer (47) has the specific high-speed synchronization characteristic, and the detection error is less than 0.3m due to time synchronization.
5. The atmospheric particulates particle size spectrum space-time distribution multi-wavelength lidar measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the detection laser light source (2) is a laser with high repetition frequency and high single pulse energy, the working frequency is 5KHz, and the single pulse energy is 1 mj.
6. The atmospheric particulates particle size spectrum space-time distribution multi-wavelength lidar measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the device can carry out continuous detection day and night by seven receiving channels with three detection wavelengths.
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| CN113376324B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-06-28 | 安徽大学 | Space atmosphere ozone short-term and temporary early warning system |
| CN113588502A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-11-02 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | Device and method for synchronously measuring polarization and excitation emission spectrum of suspended particulate matters in water body |
| CN114374439B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2024-03-29 | 北京遥感设备研究所 | Multiband beacon light detection equipment |
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