CN111088290B - Application of farrerol in gene editing - Google Patents
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- C12N15/90—Stable introduction of foreign DNA into chromosome
- C12N15/902—Stable introduction of foreign DNA into chromosome using homologous recombination
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- A01K2217/072—Animals genetically altered by homologous recombination maintaining or altering function, i.e. knock in
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to application of farrerol in gene editing. The farrerol can promote Homologous recombination repair (HR) efficiency in DNA double-strand breaks in a targeted mode but has no influence on Non-Homologous end junction repair (NHEJ) efficiency, and therefore a more convenient basis is provided for improving target fragment targeted integration efficiency in gene editing. Compared with the current mode that various small molecule compounds promote homologous recombination targeting in gene editing, the small molecule compound provided by the invention can more effectively and stably realize the target integration purpose in gene editing, can be suitable for different types of cells and mouse embryo water averages, and has the highest target integration promotion efficiency of 3 times. Meanwhile, the screening system applied by the invention is simpler, more convenient and more effective, and provides a reasonable screening mode for various natural small molecular compounds in the aspect of DNA double-strand break repair.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to application of a natural small molecular compound in gene editing, in particular to application of farrerol in gene editing.
Background
The type II CRISPR/Cas9 system is a relatively simple, efficient, versatile targeted gene editing tool in a variety of different organisms and cells. It is currently favored by many researchers as a powerful tool, whose principle is that a single-stranded guide RNA binds to a Cas9 protein to cleave at a target site and create a double-stranded break, via two classical repair pathways at the break site: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination repair (HR) to permanently modify or replace the target site of the gene of interest. These target sites include viral gene loci, single mutation genetic diseases, multiple sites of variation for a wide range of disease states, and this gene editing technology offers potential possibilities for treating biomedical related diseases that are consistently threatening humans.
In the CRISPR/Cas 9-mediated gene editing process, a double-strand break is more prone to non-homologous ligation end (NHEJ), and the efficiency of homologous recombination-mediated site-directed integration is relatively low, so that many limitations exist in the construction of some primary cell and animal disease models, and therefore, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of targeted integration.
Many studies are currently improving the efficiency of targeted integration of different cell types in different ways, for example, studies have been made to improve the integration efficiency at a specific site by using small molecule compounds that regulate the cell cycle and controlling the transfection time of the Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex; also promotes the efficiency of targeted integration mediated by homologous recombination by inhibiting the expression and function of proteins in the non-homologous end joining pathway. At the same time, a wide variety of small molecule compounds have been demonstrated to be able to modulate the NHEJ and HR pathways and thereby modulate the efficiency of site-directed integration of CRISPR/Cas 9. However, the results of studies on the efficiency of promoting site-directed integration in different small molecule compounds indicate that the range of cell types that are practical is relatively single and that the degree of promotion is not sufficient for application in mice.
Farrerol as a natural small molecular compound has been widely known to be applied to disease treatment functions of eliminating phlegm, and it is a current hot spot to explore various functions of the small molecular compound, explore different potentials of the small molecular compound and play more application values.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide application of farrerol in gene editing. In particular, applications of farrerol in CRISPR/Cas9 to promote targeted integration efficiency are provided.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides Farrerol (Farrenol, the molecular formula is C)17H16O5) The application of farrerol in preparing a medicament for improving site-directed integration efficiency in CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.
Furthermore, the invention provides application of farrerol in preparation of a medicine for effectively promoting homologous recombination repair in a DNA double-strand break repair pathway, and farrerol has no influence on non-homologous end connection repair.
Further, the invention provides the use of said farrerol as a medicament for the preparation of a medicament effective for facilitating accurate insertion of a donor fragment at the AAVS1 site in human embryonic kidney 293 cells.
Further, the invention provides application of farrerol in preparation of a medicine capable of improving efficient integration efficiency of a donor fragment at an Actb site of a mouse ES cell.
Further, the invention provides application of the farrerol in preparing a medicament capable of effectively promoting targeted integration efficiency at Cdx2 and Actb sites in the blastocyst stage of a mouse.
Further, the invention provides application of farrerol in preparation of a drug capable of promoting stable inheritance of targeting integration efficiency in mouse offspring.
Furthermore, the invention provides the application of farrerol in preparing a medicament for targeting a mouse model, and the high efficiency in the aspect of constructing a mouse disease model can be realized.
The invention discovers that farrerol can effectively improve the targeted integration efficiency of a target segment at different sites in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, mouse ES cells and mouse blastocysts, and the targeted integration efficiency treated by the small molecular compound can be stabilized to mouse offspring.
Compared with the prior art, the natural small molecular compound which is screened based on two paths of DNA double-strand break repair, namely homologous recombination and non-homologous end connection and is prone to a homologous recombination repair mode is provided, and by utilizing the characteristic, the natural small molecular compound is applied to improving the targeted recombination efficiency, so that an effective mode is provided for constructing a targeted mouse model.
Drawings
FIG. 1: a report system for detecting double-strand break repair is used for detecting that farrerol has a promoting effect on homologous recombination repair (HR) and has no influence on non-homologous end joining repair (NHEJ).
FIG. 2: the small molecule compound can effectively promote the efficiency of targeted integration of the target fragment at the AAVS1 site in the 293FT cells of the embryonic kidney.
FIG. 3: effect of small molecule compounds on growth and cell cycle of HEK293FT cells.
FIG. 4: schematic diagram of targeted integration of the Actb site in mouse ES cells and statistical diagram of site-directed integration efficiency of small molecule compounds.
FIG. 5: effect of small molecule compounds on mouse ES cell proliferation and genomic stability.
FIG. 6: the efficiency of targeted integration promoted by small molecule compounds at the Actb site in mouse blastocysts was higher than other reported small molecule compounds.
FIG. 7: the offspring mother mouse genotype identification result obtained by transplanting the embryo treated by the micromolecular compound farrerol into a receptor mother mouse and the offspring can stably inherit and target and integrate the target gene.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The following examples used cell lines as follows:
MJT is a human dermal fibroblast cell line, HEK293FT is a human embryonic kidney cell, and E14 is a mouse embryonic stem cell.
Example 1: farrerol affecting DNA double strand break repair pathways
The influence of farrerol on its pathway selection was further verified using a single reporter system for detecting DSB repair, cells were pretreated for 24h at different concentrations of farrerol (final concentrations 0.1. mu.M, 1. mu.M, 5. mu.M, 10. mu.M, respectively) prior to nuclear transfection, and then 5. mu.g pCMV-I-SceI and 15ng pDsRed2-N1 plasmids were assigned to 1X 10 plasmid per disc6Cells were transfected while farrerol treatment was maintained in the medium until 72h, and farrerol repair efficiency on HR and NHEJ was measured by flow cytometry analysis of GFP +/DsRed + ratios.
The results are shown in FIG. 1, and it can be seen that farrerol has promotion effect on homologous recombination repair (HR) and no effect on non-homologous end joining repair (NHEJ) detected by the report system for detecting double-strand break repair.
Example 2: farrerol promotes efficiency of targeted integration of gene editing in human cells
1. Farrerol can effectively promote targeted integration efficiency mediated by CRISPR/Cas9
HEK293FT cells were plated in 6-well cell culture plates and treated with gradient concentrations of active small molecule compounds (final concentrations of farrerol were 0.1. mu.M, 1. mu.M, 5. mu.M, 10. mu.M, respectively) for 24h, SCR7 and RS-1 were all small molecule compounds that have been reported to be effective in improving targeted integration efficiency, the final concentrations used in this study: the final concentrations of SCR7 were 0.1. mu.M and 1. mu.M, respectively, and RS-1 was 10. mu.M. Transferring sgRNA, Cas9 and a doror vector mixture with mChery fluorescence of a targeted AAVS1 site into a cell in an electrotransfer mode, analyzing the targeted integration efficiency of an active small molecule compound with concentration gradient of mChery positive cells in the human cell by flow cytometry after 72h, extracting genomic DNA of an editing product of the targeted integration, designing primers at 5 'end and 3' end integrated to the AAVS1 site respectively, further performing genotype identification by a PCR method, and further determining the accuracy of targeted gene editing.
Referring to fig. 2, it can be seen that farrerol with different concentration gradients can effectively promote the efficiency of site-specific integration of mCherry to AAVS1 site, and the promoted efficiency is similar to the efficiency of promoting targeted integration of homologous recombination compared with the small molecule compounds SCR7 and RS-1 reported previously, even the efficiency at partial concentration is higher than that of the positive control group. The different pairs of arrows in the schematic represent the identified 5 'and 3' end primers, and the DNA gel electrophoresis shows that the target fragment is correctly inserted into the AAVS1 site.
2. Farrerol has no effect on human cell growth and cell cycle
To examine the effect of farrerol on cell growth, HEK293FT cells were plated in 6-well cell culture plates, 24h later, the cells were exposed to a gradient of active small molecule compounds (final farrerol concentrations of 0.1. mu.M, 1. mu.M, 5. mu.M, 10. mu.M, respectively) for 12-96h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h later, after treatment of the cells with small molecule compounds, the cells at different gradients were counted, the effect of active small molecule compounds on proliferation of the cells was examined, and a growth curve was plotted. In order to detect the influence of farrerol on the cell cycle, HEK293FT cells were treated with farrerol with the same concentration gradient for 24-48h, and PI staining in combination with flow cytometry was used to detect whether farrerol induced cycle arrest in HEK293FT cells; on the basis, research reports that the Brefeldin A small molecular compound can be applied to a gene editing technology of targeted integration, so that the toxicity difference between farrerol and the reported small molecular compound applied to gene editing is deeply compared by adopting a cell growth curve, and the final concentration of the Brefeldin A is 0.1 mu M.
Results referring to fig. 3, farrerol did not affect the growth of human cells, nor did it affect the cell cycle. Compared with the reported small molecule compound which is applied to targeted integration gene editing, Brefeldin A can influence the growth of human cells, and the primary application of farrerol is more advantageous.
Example 3: farrerol promotes targeted integration efficiency at the mouse stem cell (ES) level
1. Detecting the gene editing efficiency of the active small molecule compound on the specific site of targeted integration
The mouse ES cells are paved in a 6-hole cell culture plate, after 24h of culture, gradient concentration active small molecule compounds (the final concentrations of farrerol are respectively 0.1 mu M, 1 mu M, 5 mu M and 10 mu M; the final concentrations of SCR7 are respectively 0.1 mu M and 1 mu M; and the final concentrations of RS-1 are respectively 1 mu M and 10 mu M) are adopted to act on the cells for 24h, sgRNA, Cas9 and a donor vector mixture with Puromycin screening of Actb sites are transferred into the cells in an electrotransfer mode, gene editing products treated by the active small molecule compounds with different concentrations are screened by 1mg/ml Puromycin after 48h, Coomassie brilliant blue staining and counting are carried out on the screened clones after 96h, and the screened clone numbers of different treatment groups are the targeted integration result.
A schematic diagram of targeted integration and a statistical chart of the efficiency of site-directed integration of the small molecule compound farrerol at the Actb site in mouse ES cells are shown in FIG. 4.
2. The active small molecular compound does not influence the proliferation of the embryonic stem cells of the mice
Detecting active small molecule compounds with gradient concentration (final concentrations of farrerol are respectively 0.1. mu.M, 1. mu.M, 5. mu.M and 10. mu.M) by adopting EdU flow cytometry to detect the S phase of the mouse ES cells, and determining whether the active small molecule compounds influence the proliferation.
Results referring to fig. 5, farrerol did not affect proliferation of mouse ES cells.
3. Safety evaluation of active mini-compounds in Gene editing
And (3) carrying out a comet electrophoresis experiment on the mouse ES cells treated for 24 hours by the active small molecule compound, and detecting the influence of the small molecule compound on the genome stability of the ES cells under different concentration conditions. Meanwhile, the application universality of farrerol is further proved by using small molecular compounds SCR7 and RS-1 which are reported previously as references. The concentrations of the small molecule compounds used were as follows: final concentrations of farrerol were 0.1. mu.M, 1. mu.M, 5. mu.M, and 10. mu.M, respectively; the final concentration of SCR7 was 0.1. mu.M and 1. mu.M, respectively; the final concentrations of RS-1 were 1. mu.M and 10. mu.M, respectively.
Results referring to fig. 5, farrerol and RS-1 did not affect genomic stability of mouse ES cells, whereas SCR7 promoted genomic instability at relatively high concentrations.
Example 4: farrerol promotes efficiency of targeted integration gene editing in blastocyst stage of mice
1. Farrerol promotes the site-directed integration efficiency of target genes at the Actb and Cdx2 sites of mouse blastocysts
For gene editing on the level of mouse blastocyst, female mice and male mice which are 7-8 weeks old and superovulation are mated, fertilized embryos are obtained in oviducts of the female mice, the embryos are pretreated by small molecular compounds with concentration gradient (farrerol final concentration is 0.05 mu M and 0.1 mu M respectively; SCR7 final concentration is 20 mu M; and RS-1 final concentration is 7.5 mu M), then a mixture of Cas9 mRNA, sgRNA and mCherry-Donor vectors is injected into cytoplasm of fertilized eggs by using a microinjection technology, and the red fluorescent blastocyst is counted by detecting the targeted integration result of the Donor vectors through a fluorescence microscope at the stage when the fertilized eggs are developed to the blastocyst.
The results are shown in fig. 6, and it can be seen that farrerol, a small molecule compound, promotes higher efficiency of targeted integration at the Actb site in mouse blastocysts than other reported small molecule compounds.
2. Further characterization of Gene editing efficiency at different sites at the genomic level
Extracting genome DNA of a single blastocyst of a mouse treated by different concentrations (the final concentrations of farrerol are 0.05 mu M and 0.1 mu M respectively; the final concentration of SCR7 is 20 mu M; and the final concentration of RS-1 is 7.5 mu M), designing primers at the 5 'end and the 3' end of an integration site Actb respectively, identifying the integration condition at the 5 'end and the 3' end by a nested PCR mode, carrying out statistical analysis on PCR products at both ends, wherein the 5 'end and the 3' end simultaneously have a target band which is an accurate integration product, only the 5 'end or the 3' end has an incomplete insertion, and taking the ratio of an editing product of the 5 'end and the 3' end simultaneously having a positive band to the total number of samples as the basis of the targeting integration efficiency.
The results are shown in fig. 6, and it can be seen that farrerol, a small molecule compound, promotes higher efficiency of targeted integration at the Actb site in mouse blastocysts than other reported small molecule compounds.
Example 5: the farrerol-mediated efficiency of targeted integration of fragments of interest facilitates stable inheritance to progeny.
In order to deeply detect the effect of farrerol in the construction of a targeted integration mouse, fertilized eggs injected with mixed plasmids targeting Cdx2 sites by microinjection are pretreated by a small molecular compound (the final concentration of farrerol is 0.05 mu M respectively), cultured to 2 cell stages in an incubator, and 25-30 embryos in the two-cell stage are transplanted into pseudopregnant female mice 0.5 days after mating, so that the targeted integration mouse is obtained. Through statistics and identification of the progeny mice, the obtained fountain mice and wild types are bred, then the obtained site-specific integration homozygous mice are obtained, and blastocysts of the mice are taken to observe the fluorescence result of mCherry under a microscope.
The results are shown in fig. 7, and it can be seen that the offspring mother mouse genotype identification result obtained by transplanting the embryo treated by the small molecule compound farrerol into the recipient mother mouse and the offspring can stably and genetically target and integrate the target gene.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The application of farrerol is characterized in that the farrerol is used for preparing a medicament for improving the site-directed integration efficiency in CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing;
the farrerol is applied to preparation of a medicine for effectively promoting homologous recombination repair in a DNA double-strand break repair pathway, and meanwhile, the farrerol has no influence on non-homologous end connection repair.
2. Use of farrerol according to claim 1, for the preparation of a medicament effective to facilitate accurate insertion of a donor fragment at the AAVS1 site in human embryonic kidney 293 cells.
3. The use of farrerol according to claim 1, for the preparation of a medicament capable of increasing the efficiency of efficient integration of a donor fragment at the Actb site of a mouse ES cell.
4. The use of farrerol according to claim 1, wherein farrerol is used to prepare a medicament effective in promoting targeted integration efficiency at Cdx2 and Actb sites in the blastocyst stage of a mouse.
5. The use of farrerol according to claim 1, for the preparation of a medicament capable of promoting stable inheritance of targeted integration efficiency in mouse progeny.
6. The use of farrerol according to claim 1, for the preparation of a medicament targeted to a mouse model.
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