CN111088027A - Proppant with high migration capacity and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Proppant with high migration capacity and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
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- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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Abstract
The invention relates to a proppant with high migration capacity, a preparation method and application thereof, which mainly solve the problem of lower migration efficiency of the proppant in the prior art and adopts the proppant comprising a mixed particulate core and a polymer film shell; the technical scheme that the mixed particles are a mixture of solid organic acid and carbonate or bicarbonate and porous particles better solves the problem and can be used in industrial production of oil field exploitation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a proppant with high migration capacity, a preparation method and application thereof, and the particulate matter can be used as the proppant for the oil and gas exploitation field.
Background
With the explosion of the shale gas revolution in the united states, the development and utilization of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs have attracted the attention of experts and scholars at home and abroad. Unconventional reservoirs have lower permeability than conventional reservoirs, which typically include tight gas sands, gas shale, coal bed gas, and heavy oil. Coal bed gas and shale gas are two important unconventional natural gas resources that have been commercially exploited. One of the biggest technical difficulties faced in the development of the unconventional hydrocarbon reservoir industry is hydraulic fracturing technology.
Hydraulic fracturing is an effective measure for increasing the yield of oil and gas wells in the petroleum and gas industry, and the quality of the yield increasing effect and the economic life of the oil and gas wells are mainly determined by the quality of fracturing propping agents. Fracturing proppants are spherical particles used in hydraulic fracturing to prop fractures and pores to improve reservoir permeability and are key materials in hydraulic fracturing operations. Common proppants are: quartz sand, walnut shells, artificial ceramsite, polymer balls, resin-coated quartz sand, resin-coated ceramsite and the like. In the actual operation of hydraulic fracturing, proper proppant is selected according to the specific conditions of oil and gas wells.
Sand excavated in the us Arkansas river at the end of the 40 th century was the first proppant to be developed, and then Ottawa sand, us white sand, etc. were used as proppants, respectively, in succession. The quartz sand has the advantages of wide distribution, low price and the like, has large dosage in the field of hydraulic fracturing, but has the defects of low compressive strength (generally 20MPa), low sphericity and the like, so that the application field is greatly limited. As the exploitation research of low permeability petroleum layer and deep well petroleum becomes the focus of research, the high strength proppant also becomes the focus of research. In the 70's of the 20 th century, sintered ceramic particles, a high-strength petroleum proppant, were developed. Compared with quartz sand proppant, the ceramsite proppant has the advantages of high strength, high flow conductivity and the like, the breakage rate of the ceramsite proppant is much lower than that of quartz sand, but the operation cost is increased due to the high density of the ceramsite proppant, and higher requirements are put forward on the performance (such as viscosity, rheological property and the like) of the fracturing fluid and the pumping conditions (such as discharge capacity, equipment power and the like). The ceramic proppant produced by Carbo corporation in the united states and Saint-Gobain corporation in france are of higher quality. Other Prorad research and development Limited, such as Henan, utilize aluminum content above 60% and SiO2The bauxite is used as a main raw material, and a certain auxiliary material is added to prepare the bauxite with the apparent density lower than 2.75g/cm3The proppant of (1). While the development of the ceramic proppant, the research on the resin-coated proppant is also started abroad. In the 90 s, a series of resin coated proppants have been developed that can enhance the compressive strength, corrosion resistance, flow conductivity, and flowback capability of the proppants. The results of Mansoor et al comparing the performance of the coated proppant with that of the ceramsite proppant and the quartz sand show that the coated proppant can not only effectively prevent the proppant from returning and peeling off on the surface, but also reduce the migration of reservoir particles to the proppant packing belt.
The proppant with high density not only has large abrasion to fracturing equipment in the using process, but also needs to use high-viscosity sand-carrying liquid, and quickly settles in stratum cracks to easily generate sand levees, so that the effective supporting cracks are short, the communication oil-gas reservoir volume is small, and the improvement of the oil well yield is not facilitated. Therefore, the low-density proppant can meet the hydraulic fracturing requirements of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, reduce equipment abrasion and reduce the hydraulic fracturing cost. In recent years, clear water fracturing is successfully applied to fracturing of low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs at home and abroad, and good technical support is provided for production increase of oil and gas wells. But the sand carrying capacity of the clean water fracturing is poor, so that the fracturing needs to be realized by using a low-density or even ultra-low-density fracturing propping agent. At present, the ultra-low density proppant is mainly prepared at home and abroad by a method of coating resin on nutshells or ceramsite. McDaniel Robert r. and others use nutshells as aggregates and are coated with phenolic resin and epoxy resin to prepare low density proppants. Rickards of BJ services company reported two types of ultra-low density proppants, ULW-1.25 and ULW-1.75, wherein ULW-1.25 is obtained by filling and coating chemically modified walnut shells with resin, and the apparent density is 1.25g/cm3The bulk density is only 0.85g/cm3(ii) a ULW-1.75 is obtained by coating (not filling) ceramsite with resin, and has apparent density of 1.75g/cm3Bulk density of 1.15g/cm3. The experimental result shows that the static sedimentation rate of ULW-1.25 is only about 1/4 of the proppant of the common ceramsite, and the static sedimentation rate of ULW-1.75 is about 1.2 of the proppant of the common ceramsite. Baker Huges corporation developed and reported 2009 a polymer microsphere proppant with an apparent density of only 1.08g/cm3The high-sphericity granular material can suspend in water for a long time, has high sphericity, and is easy to deform under high closing pressure, so that the crushing rate is low, but the flow conductivity is obviously reduced due to the deformation of the granules under high pressure. In the US patent (US 8727003B2) china clay (Al) is taken2O3Content less than 20 wt%), pottery clay (Al)2O3Content less than 25 wt%) and kaolin (Al)2O3About 40 wt%) as raw material, and the volume density is 1.30-1.50 g/cm at 1150-1380 deg.C3Apparent density of 2.10 to 2.55g/cm3The proppant of (1). Containing Al therein2O3The volume density of a proppant sample in an amount of 19.05% was 1.30g/cm3Apparent density of 2.4g/cm3The breakage rate at 35MPa is 3.8 percent, and the breakage rate at 52MPa is 9.5 percent; kaolin is used as a raw material by Carbo company, and the prepared kaolin has the volume density of 0.95-1.30 g/cm within the temperature range of 1200-1350 DEG C3Apparent density of 1.60-2.10 g/cm3The breaking rate of the ultra-low density proppant is lower than 15% under 28MPa when the sintering temperature is higher than 1200 ℃.
In conclusion, when the density of the propping agent is smaller, the settling speed of the propping agent is reduced, the propping agent is uniformly paved in the crack, the effective propping crack is longer, and meanwhile, the propping agent can be matched with low-viscosity fracturing fluid for use, so that the fracturing pumping rate is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved. The main purpose of reducing the density of the proppant is to improve the migration efficiency of the proppant and reduce the operation cost, so that the development of the proppant with high migration capacity is an important direction for improving the hydraulic fracturing effect and the oil and gas yield.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to provide a proppant with high migration capacity, which has the advantages of reduced density and significantly improved migration efficiency under formation conditions by coating a polymer film shell with mixed particulate matter of solid organic acid and a mixture of carbonate or bicarbonate and porous particles.
The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a proppant with high migration capacity corresponding to the first technical problem.
The invention aims to solve the third technical problem and provide an application method of the proppant with high migration capacity in oilfield exploitation corresponding to the first technical problem.
The fourth technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for improving the migration capacity of a proppant, which adopts the proppant with high migration capacity corresponding to the first technical problem.
In order to solve one of the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a high transport capacity proppant comprising a mixed particulate core and a polymeric film shell; wherein the mixed particulate matter is a mixture of a solid organic acid and a carbonate or bicarbonate with the porous particles.
In the above technical scheme, the sum of the mass of the solid organic acid and the carbonate or the bicarbonate preferably accounts for 1-10% of the mass of the mixed particulate matter.
In the above technical solution, the amount ratio of the solid organic acid to the carbonate or bicarbonate is preferably 0.1-5: 1.
In the technical scheme, the porous particles are preferably selected from one of porous ceramsite and nut shell particles, and the particle size of the porous particles is preferably 0.1-3 mm.
In the technical scheme, the solid organic acid is optionally selected from fatty acid or aromatic acid; the fatty acid is more preferably at least one of a dicarboxylic acid, a polycarboxylic acid, and a monocarboxylic acid having 12 or more carbon atoms, and most preferably at least one of citric acid, tartaric acid, adipic acid, and a monocarboxylic acid having 12 or more carbon atoms; the aromatic acid is more preferably at least one of isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and p-hydroxyphenylsulfonic acid.
In the above technical solution, the cation of the carbonate or bicarbonate is at least one of an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, or an ammonium ion.
In the above technical solution, the polymer film is selected from at least one of polyacrylate, rubber, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride.
After the proppant with high migration capacity is injected into a fracturing well, a small amount of water gradually enters mixed particles of the inner core along with the permeation of a polymer film, and the reaction is initiated to generate gas, so that the volume of the proppant particles is expanded, the density is reduced, and the migration capacity of the proppant can be effectively increased compared with the prior art.
In order to solve the second technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a proppant with high migration capacity comprises the following steps:
(1) under the dry condition, uniformly mixing the core particles with holes with solid organic acid, carbonate or bicarbonate powder to obtain mixed particles;
(2) and coating the mixed particles with a polymer by a dipping or spraying method to obtain the proppant with high migration capacity.
In the above technical scheme, the sum of the mass of the solid organic acid and the carbonate or the bicarbonate preferably accounts for 1-10% of the mass of the mixed particulate matter.
In the above technical solution, the amount ratio of the solid organic acid to the carbonate or bicarbonate is preferably 0.1-5: 1.
In the technical scheme, the porous particles are preferably selected from one of porous ceramsite and nut shell particles, and the particle size of the porous particles is preferably 0.1-3 mm.
In the above technical scheme, the solid organic acid is at least one selected from citric acid, tartaric acid, fatty acid with more than twelve carbon atoms, p-toluenesulfonic acid and p-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid.
In the above technical solution, the cation of the carbonate or bicarbonate is at least one of an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, or an ammonium ion.
In the above technical solution, the polymer film is selected from at least one of polyacrylate, rubber, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride.
In the technical scheme, the mixed particulate matter in the formed proppant is used as an inner core, and the polymer is coated on the mixed particulate matter to form a shell of a polymer film.
In order to solve the third technical problem, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the application method of the proppant with high migration capacity, which is disclosed in any one of the technical solutions to solve the technical problems, in oilfield exploitation.
In the above technical solution, the application method is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can inject the proppant with high migration capacity of the present invention into a pressure well according to the prior art process to utilize the proppant.
In order to solve the fourth technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for improving the migration capability of a proppant, which adopts the proppant with high migration capability in any one of the technical schemes for solving the technical problems.
After the proppant with high migration capacity is injected into a fracturing well, a small amount of water gradually enters mixed particles of the inner core through the polymer membrane to initiate a reaction to generate gas, so that the volume of the proppant particles is expanded, the density of the proppant particles is reduced, compared with the prior art, the proppant with high migration capacity can effectively increase the migration capacity of the proppant, and has the same compression resistance as that of the core particles, so that the development cost of an oil field is reduced, and the economic benefit of the oil field is improved.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the density of the obtained proppant with high migration capacity can be further reduced under the underground condition, so that the migration capacity of the proppant under the underground is obviously improved, the proppant has the same compression resistance as that of the core particles, and a better technical effect is obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the principle of the invention.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Detailed Description
[ example 1 ]
Uniformly stirring and mixing 200g of 20-40-mesh ceramsite proppant, 10g of citric acid and sodium carbonate (the molar ratio is 2.2:1) powder, taking out, spraying polyacrylate emulsion on the surface of particles, and volatilizing a solvent to obtain a proppant product.
After the obtained proppant is put into water for 20 minutes, the surface of the particles is protruded, the volume is increased, a small amount of bubbles are attached to the surface of the particles, and the bubbles on the particles disappear after 3 hours, so that the size returns to the initial state.
[ example 2 ]
200g of 10-20 mesh walnut shell particles, 15g of stearic acid and sodium bicarbonate powder (the molar ratio is 1.2:1) are stirred and mixed uniformly, and the particles are immersed in methylene chloride solvent of ABS, filtered and dried to obtain the proppant product.
After the prepared proppant is put into water for 35 minutes, the surface of the particles is protruded, the volume is increased, bubbles are attached to the surface of the particles, and the bubbles on the particles disappear after 4 hours, so that the size returns to the initial state.
[ example 3 ]
200g of 30-50 mesh ceramsite proppant, 10g of p-toluenesulfonic acid and calcium carbonate powder (the molar ratio is 2:1) are uniformly mixed, soaked in a polyvinyl chloride solution, filtered and dried to obtain the proppant product.
After the prepared proppant product is put into water for 25 minutes, the surface of the particles is protruded, the volume is increased, bubbles are attached to the surface of the particles, the bubbles on the particles disappear after 3 hours, and the size returns to the initial state.
[ example 4 ]
400g of 10-20 mesh walnut shell particles, 4g of tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate powder (the molar ratio is 1.2:1) are stirred and mixed uniformly, and the particles are soaked in polyvinyl chloride solution, filtered and dried to obtain the proppant product.
After the prepared proppant product is put into water for 15 minutes, the surface of the particles is protruded, the volume is increased, bubbles are attached to the surface of the particles, the bubbles on the particles disappear after 1 hour, and the size returns to the initial state.
[ example 5 ]
Uniformly stirring and mixing 500g of 20-40-mesh ceramsite, 50g of adipic acid and ammonium bicarbonate powder (the molar ratio is 2:1), soaking the particles in a polyethylene solution, filtering and drying to obtain the proppant product.
After the prepared proppant product is put into water for 15 minutes, the surface of the particles is protruded, the volume is obviously increased, bubbles are attached to the surface of the particles, the bubbles on the particles disappear after 4 hours, and the size returns to the initial state.
[ example 6 ]
Uniformly stirring and mixing 500g of 20-40-mesh ceramsite, 25g of stearic acid and sodium carbonate powder (the molar ratio is 3:1), soaking the particles in a polyethylene solution, filtering and drying to obtain the proppant product.
After the prepared proppant product is put into water for 20 minutes, the surface of the particles is protruded, the volume is obviously increased, bubbles are attached to the surface of the particles, the bubbles on the particles disappear after 3.5 hours, and the size returns to the initial state.
[ example 7 ]
Uniformly stirring and mixing 500g of 50-70-mesh ceramsite, 20g of lauric acid and sodium bicarbonate powder (the molar ratio is 2:1), soaking the particles in an ABS solution, filtering and drying to obtain the proppant product.
After the prepared proppant product is put into water for 22 minutes, the surface of the particles is protruded, the volume is obviously increased, bubbles are attached to the surface of the particles, the bubbles on the particles disappear after 3 hours, and the size returns to the initial state.
[ example 8 ]
200g of 70-100 meshes of ceramsite, 20g of terephthalic acid and sodium bicarbonate powder (the molar ratio is 0.3:1) are stirred and mixed uniformly, and the particles are soaked in a polyethylene solution, filtered and dried to obtain the proppant product.
After the prepared proppant product is put into water for 15 minutes, the surface of the particles is protruded, the volume is obviously increased, bubbles are attached to the surface of the particles, the bubbles on the particles disappear after 1.5 hours, and the size returns to the initial state.
[ example 9 ]
Uniformly stirring and mixing 500g of 20-40-mesh ceramsite, 40g of p-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid and sodium bicarbonate powder (the molar ratio is 0.5:1), soaking the particles in a polyethylene solution, filtering and drying to obtain the proppant product.
After the prepared proppant product is put into water for 10 minutes, the surface of the particles is protruded, the volume is obviously increased, bubbles are attached to the surface of the particles, the bubbles on the particles disappear after 2 hours, and the size returns to the initial state.
[ example 10 ]
Uniformly stirring and mixing 500g of 20-40-mesh nutshell particles, 30g of p-toluenesulfonic acid and potassium carbonate powder (the molar ratio is 1:1), soaking the particles in a polyethylene solution, and filtering and drying to obtain the proppant product.
After the prepared proppant product is put into water for 20 minutes, the surface of the particles is protruded, the volume is obviously increased, bubbles are attached to the surface of the particles, the bubbles on the particles disappear after 2.5 hours, and the size returns to the initial state.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A proppant comprising a mixed particulate inner core and a polymeric film outer shell; wherein the mixed particulate matter is a mixture of solid organic acid, carbonate or bicarbonate and porous particles.
2. The proppant according to claim 1, wherein the total mass of the solid organic acid and the carbonate or bicarbonate is 1-10% of the mass of the mixed particulate; it is further preferred that the mass ratio of the solid organic acid to the carbonate or bicarbonate is preferably from 0.1 to 5: 1.
3. A proppant according to claim 1, wherein said perforated particles are selected from at least one of perforated ceramsite and nutshell particles; the particle size of the porous particles is preferably 0.1-3 mm.
4. Proppant according to claim 1, characterized in that said solid organic acid is selected from at least one of dibasic fatty acids, polybasic fatty acids, monobasic fatty acids having 12 or more carbon atoms and aromatic acids, further preferably: the dibasic fatty acid is preferably at least one of tartaric acid and adipic acid, the polybasic fatty acid is preferably citric acid, and the aromatic acid is preferably at least one of p-toluenesulfonic acid, p-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid; the cation of the carbonate or bicarbonate is preferably at least one of an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, or an ammonium ion.
5. The proppant of claim 1, wherein said polymeric membrane is selected from at least one of the group consisting of polyacrylate, rubber, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride.
6. A method of making a proppant comprising the steps of:
(1) under the condition of drying, uniformly mixing the porous particles with solid organic acid, carbonate or bicarbonate to obtain mixed particles;
(2) and coating the mixed particles with a polymer to obtain the proppant.
7. A method of making a proppant as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that the total mass of said solid organic acid and carbonate or bicarbonate is between 1% and 10% of the mass of the mixed particulate, further preferably the mass ratio of said solid organic acid to carbonate or bicarbonate is between 0.1 and 5: 1; the perforated particles are preferably selected from at least one of perforated ceramsite and nut shell particles, and the particle size of the perforated particles is preferably 0.1-3 mm; the polymer film is preferably selected from at least one of polyacrylate, rubber, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride.
8. The method for producing a proppant according to claim 6, wherein the solid organic acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of a dibasic fatty acid, a polybasic fatty acid, a monobasic fatty acid having 12 or more carbon atoms, and an aromatic acid, and more preferably: the dibasic fatty acid is preferably at least one of tartaric acid and adipic acid, the polybasic fatty acid is preferably citric acid, and the aromatic acid is preferably at least one of p-toluenesulfonic acid, p-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid; the cation of the carbonate or bicarbonate is preferably at least one of an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, or an ammonium ion.
9. Use of the proppant of any of claims 1-7 in oilfield exploitation.
10. A method for improving the migration capacity of a proppant, which adopts the proppant as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
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