CN111085776A - Method and device for quickly changing air nozzle of laser equipment - Google Patents

Method and device for quickly changing air nozzle of laser equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111085776A
CN111085776A CN202010043255.1A CN202010043255A CN111085776A CN 111085776 A CN111085776 A CN 111085776A CN 202010043255 A CN202010043255 A CN 202010043255A CN 111085776 A CN111085776 A CN 111085776A
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air
quick
paraxial
air nozzle
change
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CN202010043255.1A
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CN111085776B (en
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赵卫
王海龙
郭亚文
王绍鹏
朱建海
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XiAn Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS
Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory
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Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B23K26/1482Detachable nozzles, e.g. exchangeable or provided with breakaway lines

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for quickly changing an air nozzle of laser equipment, wherein the device comprises a base plate and at least two paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies arranged on the base plate, and the working heights and angles of the air nozzles on the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies are different; the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly comprises an upper end cover, a lower end cover, an air floatation cylinder body, an air floatation piston rod, an air floatation piston, an air nozzle connector and an air nozzle. The method for quickly changing the air nozzle of the laser equipment performs working state by switching the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies at different positions, so that the aim of quickly changing the air nozzle is fulfilled; after the air nozzle quick-change device is installed on the laser equipment, the laser equipment can be switched between each paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly and the coaxial air nozzle, manual intervention is not needed, quick, accurate and automatic air nozzle change is realized, the consistency of the angle and the position of each air nozzle change is effectively ensured, the working stability is good, secondary adjustment is not needed, and the processing efficiency and the quality are effectively improved.

Description

Method and device for quickly changing air nozzle of laser equipment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a method and a device for quickly changing an air faucet of laser equipment.
Background
The laser processing has the advantages of non-contact, no need of liquid acid-base assistance and the like in the processing process, and is increasingly applied. During the laser micropore machining process, a gas nozzle is used for gas jet, on one hand, in order to prevent the focusing optical system from being polluted by the sprayed material; on the other hand, in order to increase the ejection rate of the removed material, the processing efficiency is improved. At present, the coaxial gas nozzle is widely used, namely, the light and the gas are coaxial, and residues and plasma in micropores are taken out by high-pressure gas sprayed out by the gas nozzle in the processing process.
To laser processing on the complicated dysmorphism curved surface, the air cock can have the condition of interfering with the work piece, just can not use coaxial air cock this moment, can only use the paraxial air cock to carry out the paraxial processing of blowing, and this kind of mode of blowing can reduce machining efficiency and effect, and is more serious, if paraxial air cock position and angle position are improper, the residue in the micropore can't in time be discharged, and laser energy can't effectively be used in predetermined region, produces the unable condition of processing. However, the angle of the existing paraxial air tap can not be automatically switched and adjusted, and therefore, the paraxial auxiliary blowing can be carried out only by adjusting the angle and the position of the universal bamboo joint air pipe in a manual mode, and the existing problems are as follows: must artifical manual regulation change, machine tool need stop the course of working this moment, treats that manual regulation can continue to process to appointed position and angle, can't guarantee the position uniformity of adjusting at every turn simultaneously, influences the processing effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages, the present invention provides a method and a device for quickly replacing an air faucet of a laser device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an air cock quick change device which includes the base plate and two at least paraxial quick change air cock subassemblies of setting on this base plate, and the air cock work height and the angle on each paraxial quick change air cock subassembly are all different.
The paraxial quick change air cock subassembly includes upper end cover, lower extreme cover, air supporting cylinder body, air supporting piston rod, air supporting piston, air cock connector and air cock, the upper end cover sets up the upper end at the air supporting cylinder body, the lower extreme cover sets up the lower extreme at the air supporting cylinder body, the air supporting piston is located the air supporting cylinder body, is equipped with cock body air film hole on this air supporting piston's the outer periphery, the upper end of air supporting piston rod is passed the lower extreme cover stretch into in the air supporting cylinder body and with the air supporting piston is connected, the air cock passes through the lower extreme of air cock connector setting at the air supporting piston rod, be equipped with on the lower extreme cover and promote the recovery interface that the air supporting piston ascended when admitting air, be equipped with on the upper end cover for the air cock connector of air cock air feed and do.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the lower end cover is provided with an air leakage joint communicated with the inner space of the air flotation cylinder body.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the lower end cap is provided with a central hole through which the air floating piston rod passes, the hole wall of the central hole is radially provided with a rod body air film hole, and the lower end cap is provided with a rod body air film joint communicated with the rod body air film hole.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plug body is provided with a throttling plug in the air film hole.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the lengths of the air floatation piston rods in the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies are different; the orientation of the air nozzle in each paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly is different.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, an electromagnetic locking device for locking the coaxial air tap is disposed at a center position of the bottom surface of the base plate.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the plurality of paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies are arranged on the bottom surface of the base plate in a circle-center symmetry manner.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, a housing capable of covering each paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly is provided on the base plate.
The utility model provides a laser equipment, its includes fuselage, X axle moving mechanism, Y axle moving mechanism, Z axle moving mechanism, moving table, coaxial air cock place seat and above-mentioned air cock quick change device, Y axle moving mechanism sets up on the base portion of fuselage, X axle moving mechanism sets up on Y axle moving mechanism, moving table sets up on X axle moving mechanism, coaxial air cock is placed the seat and is set up on moving table, Z axle moving mechanism sets up the stand part of fuselage, air cock quick change device sets up on this Z axle moving mechanism.
A quick change method for an air faucet of laser equipment comprises the following working steps:
(A) switching between paraxial gas taps
a 1: connecting a plug body air film connector and an air nozzle connector of a paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly of a required target and providing an air source, wherein air flows out from a plug body air film hole of an air floating piston to form an air film between the air floating piston and an air floating cylinder body to realize low-friction movement, and at the moment, the air floating piston pushes an air floating piston rod to move downwards by utilizing self gravity to move an air nozzle to a required position; the gas is blown out from the gas nozzle, and an air field flowing at high speed is formed in the processing area to assist laser processing;
a 2: when other paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies need to be replaced, the air release connector of the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly which does not need to work is closed and an air source is provided for a recovery interface, the air pressure in the lower part of the air floatation cylinder body rises to push the air floatation piston to move upwards to drive the air floatation piston rod to retract to the initial position, then the air film connector and the air nozzle connector of the air floatation piston rod of the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly which does not need to work are disconnected, and the step a1 is executed to realize the switching between;
(B) coaxial air nozzle is switched into any paraxial air nozzle
b 1: the coaxial air faucet is moved to a position right above the coaxial air faucet placing seat through the matching of the X-axis moving mechanism, the Y-axis moving mechanism and the Z-axis moving mechanism;
b 2: the Z-axis moving mechanism descends to a preset position, and the electromagnetic locking device loses magnetic force to place the coaxial air faucet on the coaxial air faucet placing seat;
b 3: step a1 is executed, and the coaxial air nozzle is switched to any paraxial air nozzle;
(C) any paraxial air tap is switched into a coaxial air tap
c 1: closing the air release connector of the non-working paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly and providing air source for the recovery interface, increasing the air pressure in the lower part of the air floatation cylinder body to push the air floatation piston to move upwards to drive the air floatation piston rod to retract to the initial position, then disconnecting the air film connector and the air nozzle connector of the non-working paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly,
c 2: the electromagnetic locking device is moved to a position right above the coaxial air faucet placing seat through the matching of the X-axis moving mechanism, the Y-axis moving mechanism and the Z-axis moving mechanism;
c 3: the Z-axis moving mechanism descends to a preset position, the electromagnetic locking device starts magnetic force to release and adsorb the coaxial air nozzle, and the switching of any paraxial air nozzle into a coaxial air nozzle is realized;
the steps (A), (B) and (C) are not in sequence.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for quickly changing the air nozzle of the laser equipment, the plurality of paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies and the coaxial air nozzle are reasonably arranged, the working heights and angles of the air nozzles on the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies are different, and the purpose of quickly changing the air nozzle is achieved by switching the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies at different positions to work; after the air nozzle quick-change device is installed on the laser equipment, the laser equipment can be switched between each paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly and the coaxial air nozzle, manual intervention is not needed, quick, accurate and automatic air nozzle change is realized, the consistency of the angle and the position of each air nozzle change is effectively ensured, the working stability is good, secondary adjustment is not needed, and the processing efficiency and the quality are effectively improved.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a quick-change air faucet device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the quick change device for air faucet according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example (b): referring to fig. 1-4, the quick-change device for an air faucet provided in this embodiment includes a substrate 1, a housing 2, and at least two paraxial quick-change air faucet assemblies 3 disposed on the substrate 1, wherein an electromagnetic locking device 4 is disposed at a center of a bottom surface of the substrate, and the electromagnetic locking device 4 is used for absorbing or releasing a coaxial air faucet 5.
In this embodiment, the three paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies 3 are arranged on the bottom surface of the substrate in a circle-center symmetry manner. In other embodiments, the number of the bypass quick-change air nozzle assemblies 3 may be two, four or more. The air nozzle working height and angle on each paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly 3 are different. Namely, the lengths of the air floatation piston rods in the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies 3 are different; the orientation of the air nozzle in each paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly 3 is different. The shell 2 is arranged on the base plate 1 and can cover all the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies 3 on the base plate 1. Good protection effect and beautiful appearance.
Specifically, paraxial quick change air cock subassembly 3 includes upper end cover 31, lower extreme cover 32, air supporting cylinder body 33, air supporting piston rod 34, air supporting piston 35, air cock connector 36 and air cock 37, upper end cover 31 sets up the upper end at air supporting cylinder body 33, lower extreme cover 32 sets up the lower extreme at air supporting cylinder body 33, air supporting piston 35 is located air supporting cylinder body 33, is equipped with stopper body air film hole on this air supporting piston 35's the outer periphery, can be equipped with throttle stopper 36 on the stopper body air film hole to the airflow in corresponding control stopper body air film hole. The upper end of the air floatation piston rod 34 penetrates through the lower end cover 32, extends into the air floatation cylinder body 33 and is connected with the air floatation piston 35, the air nozzle 37 is arranged at the lower end of the air floatation piston rod 34 through the air nozzle connector 36, and the lower end cover 32 is provided with a recovery interface 321 which pushes the air floatation piston 35 to move upwards when air enters, namely the recovery interface 321 is communicated with the bottom space of the air floatation cylinder body 33.
The upper end cover 31 is provided with an air nozzle connector 311 for supplying air to the air nozzle 37, specifically, the upper end cover 31 is provided with a first pipeline therein, the air floatation piston rod 34 is axially provided with a first pipeline, the air nozzle connector 311 is installed on the first pipeline, the first pipeline is communicated with a second pipeline through a first hose, and the air nozzle 37 is communicated with the second pipeline through an air nozzle connector 36. Nozzle connector 36 is preferably a nozzle universal connector, i.e., adjustable in angle, which provides high flexibility. The upper end cover 31 is provided with a plug body air film joint 312 for supplying air to the plug body air film hole. Specifically, a third pipeline is arranged in the upper end cover 31, a fourth pipeline which is simultaneously communicated with all the plug body air film holes is arranged in the air floating piston 35, the plug body air film joint 312 is arranged on the third pipeline, and the third pipeline is communicated with the fourth pipeline through a second hose. Preferably, the lower end cap 32 is provided with an air release joint 322 communicated with the inner space of the air cylinder 33 for communicating with an air release valve to ensure the air at the lower part of the air cylinder 33 to be discharged.
The lower end cap 32 is provided with a central hole for the air-float piston rod 34 to pass through, the hole wall of the central hole is radially provided with a rod body air film hole, and the lower end cap 32 is provided with a rod body air film joint 323 communicated with the rod body air film hole. After the air source is connected, an air film is formed between the hole wall of the central hole and the air-floating piston rod 34, and the air-floating piston rod 34 is in a low-friction state with each contact surface due to the formation of the air film, so that the smooth lifting of the air-floating piston rod 34 is facilitated.
Referring to fig. 4, a laser device includes a body 6, an X-axis moving mechanism 7, a Y-axis moving mechanism 8, a Z-axis moving mechanism 9, a moving table 10, a coaxial air faucet placing seat 11 and the air faucet quick-changing device, where the Y-axis moving mechanism 8 is disposed on a base portion of the body 6, the X-axis moving mechanism 7 is disposed on the Y-axis moving mechanism 8, the moving table 10 is disposed on the X-axis moving mechanism 7, the coaxial air faucet placing seat 11 is disposed on the moving table 10, the Z-axis moving mechanism 9 is disposed on an upright portion of the body 6, and the air faucet quick-changing device is disposed on the Z-axis moving mechanism 9.
When the method works, the steps of the method for quickly replacing the air nozzle of the laser equipment are as follows:
(A) when needing to switch between the paraxial air cock:
a 1: connecting a plug body air film connector 312 and an air nozzle connector 311 of the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly 3 of a required target and providing an air source, wherein air flows out from a plug body air film hole of the air floating piston 35 to form an air film between the air floating piston 35 and the air floating cylinder body 33 to realize low-friction movement, and at the moment, the air floating piston 35 pushes the air floating piston rod 34 to move downwards by utilizing self gravity to move an air nozzle to a required position; the gas is blown out from the gas nozzle, and an air field flowing at high speed is formed in the processing area to assist laser processing;
a 2: when other paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies 3 need to be replaced, the air release connector 322 of the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly 3 which does not need to be replaced is closed and air source is provided for the recovery connector 321, the air pressure in the lower part of the air flotation cylinder 33 rises to push the air flotation piston 35 to move upwards to drive the air flotation piston rod 34 to retract to the initial position, then the air film connector 312 and the air nozzle connector 311 of the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly 3 which does not need to be operated are disconnected, and the step a1 is executed to realize the switching between paraxial air nozzles.
(B) When the coaxial air nozzle 5 needs to be switched to any paraxial air nozzle:
b 1: the coaxial air faucet 5 is moved to a position right above the coaxial air faucet placing seat 11 through the matching of the X-axis moving mechanism 7, the Y-axis moving mechanism 8 and the Z-axis moving mechanism 9;
b 2: the Z-axis moving mechanism 9 descends to a preset position, the electromagnetic locking device 4 loses the magnetic force to place the coaxial air faucet 5 on the coaxial air faucet placing seat 11;
b 3: and step a1 is executed to realize the switching of the coaxial air nozzle 5 to any paraxial air nozzle.
(C) When any paraxial air nozzle is required to be switched into the coaxial air nozzle 5:
c 1: the air release connector 322 of the non-working paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly 3 is closed and air source is provided for the recovery interface 321, the air pressure in the lower part of the air flotation cylinder 33 rises to push the air flotation piston 35 to move upwards to drive the air flotation piston rod 34 to retract to the initial position, then the air film connector 312 and the air nozzle connector 311 of the non-working paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly 3 are disconnected,
c 2: the electromagnetic locking device 4 is moved to a position right above the coaxial air faucet placing seat 11 through the matching of the X-axis moving mechanism 7, the Y-axis moving mechanism 8 and the Z-axis moving mechanism 9;
c 3: the Z-axis moving mechanism 9 descends to a preset position, the electromagnetic locking device 4 starts magnetic force to adsorb the coaxial air nozzle 5, and any paraxial air nozzle is switched to the coaxial air nozzle 5;
the steps (A), (B) and (C) are not in sequence. The quick-change method for the laser equipment air nozzle reasonably controls the switching between each paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly 3 and the coaxial air nozzle 5, does not need human intervention, realizes quick, accurate and automatic air nozzle replacement, effectively ensures the consistency of the angle and the position of each air nozzle replacement, has good working stability, does not need secondary adjustment, and effectively improves the processing efficiency and the quality.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Other methods and devices, which may be made using the same or similar steps as those described in the above embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The quick-change device for the air nozzle is characterized by comprising a base plate and at least two paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies arranged on the base plate, wherein the working heights and angles of the air nozzles on the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies are different; the paraxial quick change air cock subassembly includes upper end cover, lower extreme cover, air supporting cylinder body, air supporting piston rod, air supporting piston, air cock connector and air cock, the upper end cover sets up the upper end at the air supporting cylinder body, the lower extreme cover sets up the lower extreme at the air supporting cylinder body, the air supporting piston is located the air supporting cylinder body, is equipped with cock body air film hole on this air supporting piston's the outer periphery, the upper end of air supporting piston rod is passed the lower extreme cover stretch into in the air supporting cylinder body and with the air supporting piston is connected, the air cock passes through the lower extreme of air cock connector setting at the air supporting piston rod, be equipped with on the lower extreme cover and promote the recovery interface that the air supporting piston ascended when admitting air, be equipped with on the upper end cover for the air cock connector of air cock air feed and do.
2. The air tap quick change device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the lower end cover is provided with an air leakage joint communicated with the inner space of the air floatation cylinder body.
3. The air tap quick change device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower end cover is provided with a central hole for the air floatation piston rod to pass through, the hole wall of the central hole is radially provided with a rod body air film hole, and the lower end cover is provided with a rod body air film joint communicated with the rod body air film hole.
4. The air tap quick change device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a throttling plug is arranged on the plug body air film hole.
5. The air tap quick change device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the air floatation piston rod in each paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly is different; the orientation of the air nozzle in each paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly is different.
6. The air tap quick change device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and an electromagnetic locking device for coaxial air tap is arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the substrate.
7. The air tap quick change device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies are arranged on the bottom surface of the base plate in a circle-center symmetry manner.
8. An air tap quick change device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: and the base plate is provided with a shell capable of covering each paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly.
9. The utility model provides a laser equipment, its includes fuselage, X axle moving mechanism, Y axle moving mechanism, Z axle moving mechanism and moving table, its characterized in that: the quick air faucet changing device comprises a coaxial air faucet placing seat and the quick air faucet changing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the Y-axis moving mechanism is arranged on the base portion of the machine body, the X-axis moving mechanism is arranged on the Y-axis moving mechanism, the moving workbench is arranged on the X-axis moving mechanism, the coaxial air faucet placing seat is arranged on the moving workbench, the Z-axis moving mechanism is arranged on the upright post portion of the machine body, and the quick air faucet changing device is arranged on the Z-axis moving mechanism.
10. A quick change method for an air faucet of laser equipment is characterized by comprising the following working steps:
(A) switching between paraxial gas taps
a 1: connecting a plug body air film connector and an air nozzle connector of a paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly of a required target and providing an air source, wherein air flows out from a plug body air film hole of an air floating piston to form an air film between the air floating piston and an air floating cylinder body to realize low-friction movement, and at the moment, the air floating piston pushes an air floating piston rod to move downwards by utilizing self gravity to move an air nozzle to a required position; the gas is blown out from the gas nozzle, and an air field flowing at high speed is formed in the processing area to assist laser processing;
a 2: when other paraxial quick-change air nozzle assemblies need to be replaced, the air release connector of the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly which does not need to work is closed and an air source is provided for a recovery interface, the air pressure in the lower part of the air floatation cylinder body rises to push the air floatation piston to move upwards to drive the air floatation piston rod to retract to the initial position, then the air film connector and the air nozzle connector of the air floatation piston rod of the paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly which does not need to work are disconnected, and the step a1 is executed to realize the switching between;
(B) coaxial air nozzle is switched into any paraxial air nozzle
b 1: the coaxial air faucet is moved to a position right above the coaxial air faucet placing seat through the matching of the X-axis moving mechanism, the Y-axis moving mechanism and the Z-axis moving mechanism;
b 2: the Z-axis moving mechanism descends to a preset position, and the electromagnetic locking device loses magnetic force to place the coaxial air faucet on the coaxial air faucet placing seat;
b 3: step a1 is executed, and the coaxial air nozzle is switched to any paraxial air nozzle;
(C) any paraxial air tap is switched into a coaxial air tap
c 1: closing the air release connector of the non-working paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly and providing air source for the recovery interface, increasing the air pressure in the lower part of the air floatation cylinder body to push the air floatation piston to move upwards to drive the air floatation piston rod to retract to the initial position, then disconnecting the air film connector and the air nozzle connector of the non-working paraxial quick-change air nozzle assembly,
c 2: the electromagnetic locking device is moved to a position right above the coaxial air faucet placing seat through the matching of the X-axis moving mechanism, the Y-axis moving mechanism and the Z-axis moving mechanism;
c 3: the Z-axis moving mechanism descends to a preset position, the electromagnetic locking device starts magnetic force to release and adsorb the coaxial air nozzle, and the switching of any paraxial air nozzle into a coaxial air nozzle is realized;
the steps (A), (B) and (C) are not in sequence.
CN202010043255.1A 2020-01-15 2020-01-15 Method and device for quickly changing air nozzle of laser equipment Active CN111085776B (en)

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