CN111081842A - Device comprising a ceramic coating and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Device comprising a ceramic coating and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111081842A CN111081842A CN201811216046.1A CN201811216046A CN111081842A CN 111081842 A CN111081842 A CN 111081842A CN 201811216046 A CN201811216046 A CN 201811216046A CN 111081842 A CN111081842 A CN 111081842A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic coating
- slurry
- metal surface
- ceramic
- inclusive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 amino, acryloyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ISDGWTZFJKFKMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione Chemical compound O1C(=O)CC(=O)OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 ISDGWTZFJKFKMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YUXBNNVWBUTOQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyltriazine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NN=N1 YUXBNNVWBUTOQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001651 Cyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl cyanoacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=C)C#N MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- NPRYCHLHHVWLQZ-TURQNECASA-N 2-amino-9-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-prop-2-ynylpurin-8-one Chemical compound NC1=NC=C2N(C(N(C2=N1)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]1O)F)CO)=O)CC#C NPRYCHLHHVWLQZ-TURQNECASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001055 blue pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TUQLLQQWSNWKCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxymethylsilane Chemical class COC([SiH3])(OC)OC TUQLLQQWSNWKCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHCGGLXPGFJNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2H-benzotriazol-4-yl)phenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC2=C1N=NN2 YHCGGLXPGFJNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016384 Al4C3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017109 AlON Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002915 BiVO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004709 CaSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002976 CaZrO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021359 Chromium(II) silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019001 CoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019918 CrB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002547 FeII Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002553 FeIII Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005347 FeSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003862 HfB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910025794 LaB6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020056 Mg3N2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910026161 MgAl2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016807 Mn3C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003178 Mo2C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015173 MoB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020968 MoSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019742 NbB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020044 NbSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QFKZKLVFOGGPJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON1NC=CC(=N1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical class ON1NC=CC(=N1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QFKZKLVFOGGPJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003564 SiAlON Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004533 TaB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004217 TaSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009973 Ti2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009871 Ti5Si3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003087 TiOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008814 WSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007948 ZrB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;zirconium Chemical compound B#[Zr]#B VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000481 chemical toxicant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000152 cobalt phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GIPIUENNGCQCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K cobalt(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Co+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GIPIUENNGCQCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- PGWFQHBXMJMAPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk4b5078 Chemical compound [Cd].OS(=O)(=O)[Se]S(O)(=O)=O PGWFQHBXMJMAPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001056 green pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001867 inorganic solvent Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(II,IV) oxide Inorganic materials O1[Pb]O[Pb]11O[Pb]O1 XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052958 orpiment Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001054 red pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940071182 stannate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQUJEMVIKWQAEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(III) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]O[Ti]=O GQUJEMVIKWQAEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001052 yellow pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021354 zirconium(IV) silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/483—Containers
- H01L33/486—Containers adapted for surface mounting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2933/00—Details relating to devices covered by the group H01L33/00 but not provided for in its subgroups
- H01L2933/0008—Processes
- H01L2933/0033—Processes relating to semiconductor body packages
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device comprising a ceramic coating and a method for producing the same. According to one embodiment, the device (1) comprises a metal surface (2) and a ceramic coating (3) applied on said metal surface (2). The ceramic coating (3) comprises ceramic particles (31), a silane-based compound (32) as a binder, and an inorganic pigment (33). The ceramic coating (3) is free of fluorinated polymers.
Description
Technical Field
An apparatus comprising a ceramic coating is provided. Methods of producing such devices are also provided.
Background
The powder coating is used as a protective layer for the LED housing. Without aeration, fine powders as coating materials are generally known to be explosive. The modification of the coating typically includes fluorocarbon polymers that generate toxic gases at high temperatures. The process of modification to produce such coatings involves sample pre-treatment, such as pre-heating and surface treatment by toxic chemicals, leading to increased production time, cost and environmental issues.
Furthermore, since such modified raw materials for powder coatings comprise organic materials, the color of such coatings gradually fades after exposure to environmental influences, such as sunlight comprising ultraviolet radiation. Thus, the modified properties of the powder coating are not sufficiently stable over a period of time during a 3-year warranty period or a 5-year warranty period.
The burning problems of sprayed powder coatings can only be minimized by grounding the part being powder coated. This promotes better transfer of the electrostatically charged powder particles to the grounded metal part and may also prevent any sparking during the coating process. Unfortunately, the toxic hazard of powders cannot be eliminated but only possibly reduced. Some of the toxic substances contained in the powder include lead and other carcinogens. When dust is inhaled or in contact with the skin, breathing disorders or irritation, respectively, may be caused. Protective clothing (such as gloves and antistatic work clothes) and appropriate respirators to prevent powder from contacting the skin are needed.
Discoloration is another problem that powder coatings cannot avoid. The outdoor properties are determined by the chemical composition of the powder coating. Technical-grade powder coatings consist of polyester and polyurethane, which have a wide range of colours, gloss and special effects, but a rated service life of 12 to 18 months.
The base material for the universal and high performance powders is typically super durable polyester, super durable polyurethane or acrylic. There are a wide variety of colors to choose from, but there are fewer choices for technical grade powders because there are fewer high performance pigments available. Coatings with standard grade organic pigments typically last 18 to 24 months.
When inorganic mixed metal oxide pigments or high performance automotive grade organic pigments are used, the duration can be extended to about 2 to 5 years. To improve the performance of the powder coating, fluoropolymers are added to extend its lifetime to 10 to 20 years. However, the possible colors are limited due to limited selection of pigments and gloss levels.
Disclosure of Invention
One object to be achieved is to provide a device with high color stability. Another object to be achieved is to provide a method of producing such a device.
This object is achieved in particular by an apparatus and by a method having the features of the independent claims. Preferred further developments form the subject matter of the dependent claims.
In particular, the device comprises a metal surface and a ceramic coating applied on the metal surface. The ceramic coating comprises ceramic particles, a silane-based compound, and an inorganic pigment. Preferably, the ceramic coating is free of potentially harmful components, such as fluorinated polymers, that may generate toxic gases upon heating.
According to at least one embodiment, the device comprises one or more metal surfaces. For example, the metal surface is an aluminum surface, a copper surface, a steel surface, or a nickel surface. The at least one metal surface is partially or completely provided with a ceramic coating. The metal surface can be provided with a ceramic coating in a structured manner. Preferably, the metal surface is a part of a metal plate. The metal plate may have two metal surfaces on opposite main sides. As an alternative, the metal plate is completely or partially coated with a ceramic coating on both main sides. This means that the metal plate can be completely surrounded and enveloped by the ceramic coating.
According to at least one embodiment, the device comprises one or more ceramic coatings. The term "ceramic coating" means that one or more ceramic components are present in the ceramic coating. The ceramic coating is preferably made of a homogeneous material, so that there are no target adjustment regions with different material compositions. As an alternative, the ceramic coating may have a non-homogeneous design, such that the ceramic coating comprises a plurality of regions having different properties, in particular having different colors.
According to at least one embodiment, the at least one ceramic coating has a constant thickness. As an alternative, the ceramic coating may have a varying thickness. The ceramic coating may be a planarization layer that planarizes the surface roughness of the metal surface. Furthermore, the ceramic coating may have a relatively large surface roughness to produce a rough coating, for example to adjust the surface feel of the device.
According to at least one embodiment, the at least one ceramic coating comprises ceramic particles. The ceramic particles may be present in the form of or made of ceramic powder.Suitable ceramic particles may include all typical, oxidized, non-oxidized, acidic or basic ceramic raw materials and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferably based on SiO2And/or Al2O3The ceramic product of (1). Mixtures of these materials may also be present.
Materials which are particularly useful for ceramic particles and thus for ceramic powders (particularly mixtures of these materials and their raw materials) include: oxides, e.g. BeO, MgO, Al2O3、SiO2、CaO、TiO2、Cr2O3、MnO、Fe2O3、ZnO、SrO、Y2O3、BaO、CeO2、UO2(ii) a And/or carbides, e.g. Be2C、Be4C、Al4C3、SiC、TiC、Cr3C2、Mn3C、Fe3C、SrC2、YC2、ZrC、NbC、Mo2C、BaC2、CeC2HfC, TaC, WC, UC; and/or nitrides, e.g. Be3N2、BN、Mg3N2、AlN、Si3N4、Ca3N2、TiN、VN、CrN、Mn3N2、Sr3N2、ZrN、NbN、Mo3N2、HfN、TaN、WN2UN; and/or borides, e.g. AlB4、CaB6、TiB2、VB2、CrB2、MnB、FeB、CoB、NiB、SrB6、YB6、ZrB2、NbB2、MoB2、BaB6、LaB6、CoB6、HfB2、TaB2WB; and/or silicides, e.g. CaSi, Ti5Si3、V5Si3、CrSi2、FeSi、CoSi、ZrSi2、NbSi2、MoSi2、TaSi2、WSi2. Other ceramic particles that may be used include: oxidic and non-oxidic compounds, mixed phases, e.g. mullite (Al)6Si2O13) From the system Al2O3-Cr2O3、MgSiO4、CaSiO4、ZrSiO4、MgAl2O4、CaZrO3SiAlON, AlON and/or B4C-TiB2The mixed crystal of (1). It is also possible to use ceramic particles having a non-stoichiometric composition, for example ceramic materials having a metal phase, glass and TiOxA silicate salt.
According to at least one embodiment, a silane-based compound is used as a binder between the ceramic particles and the inorganic pigment. Here and hereinafter, the term "silane-based compound" is used, but the term "silane-based compound" actually includes a mixture of two or more different silanes (such as different trimethoxymethylsilanes), and thus a plurality of different silane-based compounds may be present.
The term "silane-based" means that the compound is initially at least one silane, in particular at least one silane monomer or at least one silane oligomer or at least one silane polymer. This means that the compound may be a reactant of the ceramic coating. Thus, in the finished ceramic coating, the compound no longer necessarily has to be at least one silane. Thus, during the manufacture of the ceramic coating, the at least one silane reactant may have reacted with another silicon-containing compound and/or may have reacted with the particles, i.e. with the ceramic particles or with the inorganic pigments, to achieve chemical bonding between adjacent particles.
For example, the silane or one of the silanes has the formula:
preferably, the group R1Independently of one another, identical or different alkyl, alkylaryl or aryl groups which may be interrupted by ether functions, preferably methyl or phenyl, in particular methyl; radical R2Independently of one another, identical or different radicals selected from H and/or alkyl radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably methyl or ethyl; radical R3Independently of one another, are identical or different and have from 1 to 30 carbon atomsHydrocarbyl radicals which are interrupted by ether functional groups, preferably- (CH)2)n-, where n is 1 to 11, especially-CH2-CH2-; a is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 2.5; b is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 3, with the proviso that a + b is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.
More details on such silanes can be found, for example, in document US2013/0267403a1, see in particular paragraphs 31 to 46. The disclosure of silanes in this document is incorporated herein by reference.
According to at least one embodiment, the ceramic coating is free of substances that may be harmful during use or production of the device. In particular, the ceramic coating and the reactants for the ceramic coating are free of fluorinated polymers. Furthermore, the ceramic coating and the reactants may therefore also be chlorine-free. The ceramic coating and the reactants may therefore be free of any halogen.
As an alternative, the silane-based compound and the reactants may thus be free of heavy metals, such as Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg. The same may be true for the entire ceramic coating.
According to at least one embodiment, the inorganic pigment provides at least one color to the ceramic coating. In particular, ceramic coatings appear polychromatic due to pigments. As an alternative or in addition, the reflectivity of the ceramic coating can be adjusted by means of pigments. Thus, the ceramic coating may appear white, gray, or black. Different areas of the ceramic coating may have different colors due to the use of different pigments at different locations of the ceramic coating.
For example, one or more of the following materials are used for the inorganic pigment, alone or in combination:
violet pigments, e.g. BaCuSi2O6Cobalt orthophosphate, NH4MnP2O7，
Blue pigments, e.g. sodium Na sodium sulfosilicate8-10Al6Si6O24S2-4、(Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO4,Cl)1–2Cobalt stannate (II), CaCuSi4O10、BaCuSi4O10、Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2、Fe7(CN)18、YIn1-xMnxO3，
Green pigments, e.g. CdS in combination with Cr2O3、(Cr2O3·H2O)、CoZnO2、Cu2CO3(OH)2、CuHAsO3、K[(Al,FeIII),(FeII,Mg)](AlSi3,Si4)O10(OH)2，
Yellow pigments, e.g. As2S3、BiVO4、PbCrO4、K3Co(NO2)6、Fe2O3·H2O、PbSnO4、Pb(Sn,Si)O3、SnS2Cadmium sulfoselenide, PbCrO4+PbO，
Red pigments, e.g. As4S4、Cd2SSe、Pb3O4、HgS，
Black pigments, e.g. Fe3O4、MnO2、Ti2O3。
In at least one embodiment, an apparatus includes an aluminum surface and a ceramic coating applied to the aluminum surface. The ceramic coating comprises silica, a silane-based compound as a binder, and an inorganic pigment. The ceramic coating is free of halogen-containing polymers, in particular free of fluorinated polymers.
According to a preferred embodiment, the ceramic particles comprise or consist of silica. Silica (silica) refers to silicon dioxide (silica dioxide) particles.
According to at least one embodiment, the device further comprises one or more shielding agents. The at least one shielding agent is configured to absorb ultraviolet radiation. Thus, the inorganic pigment can be protected from fading due to ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation means in particular radiation having a wavelength of from 200nm to 420 nm. Preferably, the at least one shielding agent is part of the ceramic coating.
According to at least one embodiment, the shielding agent comprises or consists of at least one organic compound. The organic compound is preferably selected from: benzophenone, benzotriazole, phenyl triazine, benzylidene malonate, cyanoacrylate. For example, o-hydroxybenzophenones, o-hydroxyphenylbenzotriazoles or o-hydroxyphenyltriazines are used as screening agents.
According to at least one embodiment, the shielding agent comprises or consists of at least one inorganic compound. The inorganic compound is preferably selected from: TiO 22、ZrO2、ZnO。
According to at least one embodiment, the metal surface is a roughened surface. Preferably, the average roughness of the metal surface is at least 0.5 μm or at least 1 μm or at least 5 μm. Alternatively or in addition, the average roughness is at most 50 μm or at most 30 μm or at most 20 μm. Average roughness is also referred to as Ra。
According to at least one embodiment, the device further comprises one or more light sources. For example, the at least one light source comprises or consists of one or more light emitting diode chips. For example, white or blue light is generated in the light source. The device may be designed such that the operating temperature of the light source is at least 60 ℃ or 90 ℃ or 120 ℃. This means that the device, in particular the ceramic coating, is configured to withstand relatively high temperatures and high radiation exposure, in particular in the short wavelength range, i.e. in particular near ultraviolet radiation and blue light.
According to at least one embodiment, the metal plate having a metal surface coated with a ceramic coating is part of a housing of the light source. Thus, the ceramic coating may be visible from outside the device during the intended use of the device.
A method of production is also provided. The method is utilized to produce one or more devices as shown in connection with at least one of the above embodiments. Features of the method are therefore also disclosed for the device and vice versa.
In at least one embodiment, the method is designed to manufacture the above-described device and comprises the following steps, in particular in the order named:
-providing a metal surface and a slurry comprising ceramic particles, a silane-based compound as binder and an inorganic pigment, and
-applying the slurry onto the metal surface to produce a ceramic coating.
According to at least one embodiment, the main components of the slurry are ceramic particles, a silane-based compound, and an inorganic pigment. Particularly preferably, the slurry further comprises a solvent as a fourth main component, for example an alcohol such as isopropanol, or an inorganic solvent such as water. By means of the solvent, the viscosity of the slurry can be adjusted. In particular, the three or preferably the four ingredients comprise at least 90 wt% or at least 95 wt% or at least 98 wt% of the total slurry.
According to at least one embodiment, the slurry is cured after being applied to the metal surface. Curing includes, for example, drying and/or heat treatment. Preferably, the maximum temperature during drying and/or heat treatment is at most 400 ℃ or at most 250 ℃ or at most 150 ℃. This means that sintering at significantly elevated temperatures is not required. Typically, sintering is carried out at temperatures well above 800 ℃. Since such high temperatures can be avoided, the risk of damaging any pre-installed components of the device is reduced. For example, curing is continued for at least 1 minute or at least 5 minutes or at least 15 minutes and/or at most 5 hours or at most 1 hour.
According to at least one embodiment, the silane-based compound in the slurry and/or finished device comprises one or more of the following functional groups: vinyl, amino, acryloyl, glycidyl, alkyl. For example, silanes for use in the slurry are produced as disclosed in document US2013/0267403a1 (see in particular paragraphs 172 to 185). The disclosure of this document on the production of silanes is incorporated herein by reference.
According to at least one embodiment, the following proportions by weight are present in the slurry:
-ceramic particles, at least 20% or at least 30% or at least 40% and/or at most 80% or at most 70% or at most 60%, in particular from 20% to 70%, inclusive,
-an inorganic pigment, at least 2% or at least 5% or at least 10% and/or at most 60% or at most 40% or at most 20%, in particular from 5% to 40%, inclusive,
-a silane-based compound as binder, at least 0.2% or at least 1% or at least 5% and/or at most 40% or at most 20% or at most 10%, especially from 1% to 20%, inclusive,
-optionally a shielding agent, at least 0% or at least 0.2% or at least 0.5% and/or at most 20% or at most 10% or at most 5%, especially 0.2% to 10%, inclusive, and
-preferably present solvents, at least 5% or at least 10% and/or at most 40% or at most 20% or at most 15%, in particular from 5% to 40%, inclusive; particularly preferably, the proportion of solvent by weight is from 15% to 35%, inclusive, or from 22% to 25%, inclusive.
According to at least one embodiment, the average particle diameter of the ceramic particles in the slurry and/or in the finished ceramic coating is at least 1nm or at least 5nm or at least 1 μm and/or at most 30 μm or at most 1 μm or at most 100nm or at most 20 nm. For example, the average diameter is from 1nm to 20nm, inclusive, and particularly preferably from 7nm to 12nm, inclusive. The term "average diameter" preferably means D50The value, the median value.
According to at least one embodiment, the average particle diameter of the inorganic pigments in the slurry and/or in the finished ceramic coating is at least 0.1 μm or at least 0.3 μm or at least 2 μm and/or at most 0.1mm or at most 60 μm or at most 20 μm or at most 10 μm. Preferably, the average diameter of the pigment is from 2 μm to 60 μm, inclusive.
Thus, in the slurry, the average diameter of the ceramic particles may be smaller than the average diameter of the inorganic pigment, for example, by at least 10 times or at least 100 times or at least 1000 times and/or at most 100000 times or at most 10000 times.
If present, the inorganic shielding agent in the slurry and/or in the finished ceramic coating preferably has an average particle diameter of at least 10nm or at least 20nm or at least 0.1 μm and/or at most 10 μm or at most 5 μm or at most 1 μm.
The shielding agent may also be not particles but organic molecules distributed in the ceramic coating. Preferably, such organic molecules do not agglomerate.
According to at least one embodiment, the slurry is applied to the metal surface by spraying. As an alternative, a method using an electric field such as electrophoresis, or printing or dipping may be used.
The application of the slurry is preferably performed exactly once so that there is exactly one ceramic coating.
However, the slurry and thus the ceramic coating may also be applied multiple times, so that the ceramic coating may be composed of multiple layers. These multiple layers may all have the same material composition, or layers having different material compositions may be combined with each other.
According to at least one embodiment, the slurry is applied directly to the metal surface. Thus, no additional primer is required. As an alternative, a primer may be applied, and as an alternative, the primer may be cured prior to applying the slurry.
According to at least one embodiment, heating the finished ceramic coating does not generate toxic gases. This applies in particular to temperatures up to at least 1000 ℃ or 1300 ℃. For example, the device and/or ceramic coating can withstand such temperatures without permanent damage for a period of at least 15 seconds or 30 seconds. Thus, the device and/or the ceramic coating may be flame retardant.
However, the slurry and/or cured ceramic coating is preferably never intentionally heated to an elevated temperature during the intended use and/or production of the device. This means, for example, that the temperature of the slurry and/or cured ceramic does not exceed 200 ℃ or 300 ℃ in the intended manufacture and/or use.
The device described herein and the method described herein are explained in more detail below by means of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. Like elements in the various figures are denoted by like reference numerals. However, the relationships between the elements are not shown to scale, but the individual elements may be shown exaggerated to aid understanding.
Drawings
In the drawings:
figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a slurry for use in the method of producing a device according to one exemplary embodiment described herein,
figure 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of method steps for a method of producing a device according to one exemplary embodiment described herein,
figure 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of method steps for a method of producing a device according to one exemplary embodiment described herein,
figure 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment,
figure 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment,
figure 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment,
figure 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment,
figure 8 shows a schematic top view of an apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment,
figure 9 shows a schematic perspective view of a flammability test of an apparatus according to one exemplary embodiment,
figure 10 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment,
FIG. 11 shows a structural formula of a shielding agent of the device of one exemplary embodiment described herein, an
FIG. 12 illustrates time-dependent color difference of an apparatus of an exemplary embodiment described herein.
List of reference numerals
1 apparatus
2 metallic surface
20 metal plate
21 concave part
3 ceramic coating
30 size
31 ceramic particle
32 silane-based compounds
33 inorganic pigments
34 Shielding agent
4 light source
41 light-emitting diode chip
42 optical element
43 base
5 tools
6 blast lamp
61 flame
Color difference of Δ E in units in CIE L a b diagram
t time in weeks
Detailed Description
In fig. 1, a slurry 30 for the ceramic coating 3 is shown. The slurry 30 is composed of a silane-based compound 32 as a binder, ceramic particles 31, and an inorganic pigment 33. The ceramic particles 31 are preferably silica, i.e. silica.
Preferably, the slurry 30 further comprises a solvent (not shown). By means of such a solvent, the viscosity of the slurry for the subsequent process step can be adjusted. As a further alternative, other ingredients such as fluxing agents or precipitating agents may be present.
For example, the composition of the slurry 30 is as follows:
as the inorganic pigment 33, a pearlescent pigment having a particle size of 2 μm to 60 μm is used. The weight proportion in the slurry 30 is 11% to 13%, inclusive.
As solvent, isopropanol or water is used in proportions by weight ranging from 22% to 25%, inclusive.
As binder 32, a silane mixture is used, comprising trimethoxymethylsilane (MTMS) in a proportion by weight in the slurry 30 of between 26% and 28%, inclusive. The silane is used to increase the hardness of the ceramic coating 3 and to increase the scratch resistance of the ceramic coating 3; in addition, the silanes may be used as filler modifiers and crosslinkers as well as water repellents. The silane mixture also includes (3-glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GLYMO) in a proportion of 3 to 5% by weight, inclusive, in the slurry 30; the silanes are useful as adhesion promoters, crosslinkers and surface modifiers.
-the remaining weight proportion is silica having an average particle diameter of 7nm to 12nm, inclusive,
as an alternative, a screening agent with a smaller weight proportion may be present.
In the method step of fig. 2, the slurry 30 is applied to the metal surface 2. The metal surface 2 is the aluminum surface of a metal plate 20, preferably an aluminum plate. The slurry 30 is applied by means of a tool 5 acting as a nozzle. Thus, the slurry 30 is applied directly to the metal surface 2 by spraying.
As shown in fig. 3, the slurry 30 is then cured into the ceramic coating 3. Curing is for example carried out at moderately elevated temperatures, for example at about 150 ℃ for 15 minutes to 30 minutes, inclusive. Curing may be performed for several hours. Thus, curing may be a drying process and the high temperatures typically used in sintering steps may be avoided.
The slurry may be applied in a constant or almost constant thickness over the relevant part of the metal surface 2. Thus, the resulting ceramic coating 3 may also have a constant thickness. For example, the thickness of the ceramic coating 3 is at least 5 μm or at least 20 μm or at least 50 μm and/or at most 0.2mm or 0.1 mm. These features are also applicable to all other exemplary embodiments.
In particular, in order to solve the above problems of powder coatings, the object to be achieved by the present invention is to develop a ceramic coating 3. The ceramic coating 3 of the invention is developed to be applied to a metal surface 2, for example an aluminium surface. The ceramic coating 3 is preferably deposited by spraying and contains inorganic pigments 33 to provide a protective and decorative surface finish without toxic pretreatment. The finished ceramic coating 3 exhibits high durability, is non-flammable, and does not generate toxic gases at high temperatures.
Prior to spraying the slurry 30 for the ceramic coating 3 on the metal surface 2, a sand blast is preferably applied to increase the surface roughness so that better adhesion can be achieved. The surface preparation can remove rust, dirt, grease and other contaminants without using any toxic pretreatment.
Thus, the ceramic coating 3 preferably comprises three main components, namely ceramic particles 31 (in particular silica), a silane-based compound 32 and inorganic pigments 33.
Thus, in a preferred exemplary embodiment, the sample preparation process comprises the steps of:
pretreatment, including cleaning and treatment of the substrate surface, in particular sandblasting, and
coating processes, including slurry preparation, spraying and curing.
This also preferably applies to all other exemplary embodiments.
According to fig. 4, the metal surface 2 may have an irregular shape and may have different curvatures. As is also possible in all other exemplary embodiments, the ceramic coating 3 may be applied all over the metal plate 20. In addition or as an alternative, two different ceramic coatings 3a, 3b may be present. These coatings 3a, 3b preferably do not overlap or do not overlap significantly. For example, the coatings 3a, 3b have different colors.
In the exemplary embodiment of fig. 5, the ceramic coating 3 is substantially limited to only one major side and to only one lateral side of the metal plate 20. This means that the back side of the metal plate 20 may be free of the ceramic coating 3.
As an alternative, the ceramic coating 3 may be a multilayer pattern, represented by the dashed lines within the ceramic coating 3. This is also possible in all other exemplary embodiments.
Furthermore, the metal plate 20 may have at least one recess 21, for example, to fix the metal plate 20 to another component by screwing. The side walls of the recess 21 may be completely coated with the ceramic coating 3.
According to fig. 6, the metal surface 2 has a relatively high roughness. Such roughness may be intentionally created, for example, by sandblasting. The ceramic coating 3 can be used as a planarization layer, so that the surface of the ceramic coating 3 facing away from the metal plate 20 is significantly flatter and less rough than the metal surface 2.
Contrary to those explained in connection with fig. 6, the ceramic coating 3 substantially reproduces the surface roughness of the metal surface 2 according to fig. 7. Thus, the surface roughness may be reproduced or substantially reproduced by the ceramic coating 3. Intermediate cases between the configurations of fig. 6 and 7 are also possible; that is, the ceramic coating 3 may only partially flatten the surface roughness of the metal surface 2.
According to the top view of fig. 8, the metal plate 20 of the device 1 comprises a plurality of recesses 21, wherein the recesses 21 may have different shapes. The ceramic coating 3 completely covers the top surface of the metal plate 20. Thus, the ceramic coating 3 can also be easily applied to relatively complex metal surfaces 2.
In fig. 9, the fire test of the ceramic coating 3 is shown. The coated metal plate 20 is heated to about 1300 c for about 30 seconds by a flame 61 from the torch 6. No cracking was found on the ceramic coating 3, and it was not burned. Thus, the ceramic coating 3 is non-combustible and can protect the underlying metal sheet 20.
Typically, the combustible material is such that: it is not fully oxidized and can be converted to a higher oxidation state and burn in a self-sustaining manner once ignited in air. The structure of the ceramic coating 3 is mainly formed of silica (which is silicon dioxide). The elemental Si in the ceramic coating 3 has reached its highest stable oxidation state, so it cannot be oxidized any more and no combustion takes place. In addition, the pigment 33 used in the ceramic coating layer 3 is an inorganic compound. The pigment 33 typically does not have hydrocarbons or oxygen for the combustion reaction. Therefore, since the material used for the ceramic coating 3 is non-flammable, there is no significant physical or chemical change or damage after the fire test.
Another exemplary embodiment is shown in fig. 10. The metal plate 20 with the ceramic coating 3 forms the housing of the light source 4. The light source 4 includes a plurality of light emitting diode chips 41 that may be mounted on a submount 43. The light source 4 may be followed by an optional optical element 42, which is preferably a lens. Contrary to what is shown in fig. 10, the ceramic coating 3 need not be limited to the outer surface of the housing, but may also cover the inner surface facing the light source 4.
In fig. 11, one example of the UV-screening agent 34 is shown. In this case, the shielding agent 34 is octophenone and is therefore organic. As shown in fig. 1, the shielding agent 34 is preferably uniformly mixed into the slurry 30. Due to the shielding agent 34, discoloration of the ceramic coating 3 can be avoided or at least significantly reduced.
Generally, the fading effect is slowed rather than completely avoided. Ultraviolet radiation can break chemical bonds, thereby fading the color of the object. This is known as the bleaching effect. The inorganic pigment particles 33 applied in the ceramic coating 3 tend to bond to the edges of each other within the slurry 30, which makes the bond between them stronger and less sensitive to damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. Thus, the ceramic coating 3 may last longer and may be better resistant to fading over time. Indeed, because the characteristics of different pigments may differ, the fading of some pigments may be faster than the fading of others.
As shown in fig. 12, the fading effect of the ceramic coating 3 having the blue pigment 33 is improved in the presence of the UV-screening agent 34. In fig. 12, the time t in weeks is shown relative to the color difference Δ E. The discoloration was tested to show the durability of the ceramic coating 3. The UV test was performed with reference to test standard ASTM D4587. For the UV test, a UV test with a UV intensity of 0.76W/m was used2UVA-340nm lamp. The test was performed as follows: 8 hours of UV exposure with uninsulated blackboard temperature controlled at 60 ℃; then, condensation was performed for 4 hours with the uninsulated blackboard temperature controlled at 50 ℃. The test duration was 8 weeks.
The color difference Δ Ε was measured by a colorimeter according to ISO 7724/1,2,3-1984, where Δ Ε ab is the total difference between two colors and is represented by the geometric distance between the positions of these colors in the CIE 1976(L a b) color space.
In the absence of the shielding agent 34, the color difference Δ E after 8 weeks was about 7. After 8 weeks of testing, the ceramic coating 3 containing the shielding agent 34 had an average Δ E of 2.2 with a standard deviation of 0.7. This is significantly below the limit of Δ E-5 allowed over the expected lifetime of the device 1. The accelerated weathering test showed a low fading rate of the ceramic coating 3. In addition, the ceramic coating 3 does not contain toxic or combustible components.
The invention described herein is not limited by the description given with reference to the exemplary embodiments. Rather, the invention encompasses any novel feature and any combination of features, including in particular any combination of features in the claims, even if this feature or this combination itself is not explicitly indicated in the claims or exemplary embodiments.
Claims (15)
1. A device (1) comprising a metal surface (2) and a ceramic coating (3) applied on the metal surface (2), wherein
-the ceramic coating (3) comprises ceramic particles (31), a silane-based compound (32) as a binder and an inorganic pigment (33), and
-the ceramic coating (3) is free of fluorinated polymers.
2. The device (1) according to the preceding claim,
wherein the ceramic particles (31) are formed of silica.
3. The device (1) according to claim 2,
further comprising a shielding agent (34), the shielding agent (34) being configured to absorb ultraviolet radiation to protect the pigment (33) from fading.
4. The device (1) according to claim 3,
wherein the shielding agent (34) is at least one organic compound selected from the group consisting of: benzophenone, benzotriazole, phenyl triazine, benzylidene malonate, cyanoacrylate.
5. The device (1) according to claim 3,
wherein the shielding agent (34) is at least one inorganic compound selected from the group consisting of: TiO 22、ZrO2、ZnO。
6. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
wherein the metal surface (2) is an aluminium surface having an average roughness of 1 μm to 50 μm, inclusive.
7. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
further comprising at least one light source (4),
wherein the light source (4) comprises one or more light-emitting diode chips (41), and
wherein the metal plate (20) with the coated metal surface (2) is part of a housing of the light source (4).
8. A method of manufacturing a device (1) according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
-providing a metal surface (2) and a slurry (30), the slurry (30) comprising ceramic particles (31), a silane-based compound (32) as a binder and an inorganic pigment (33), and
-applying the slurry (30) onto the metal surface (2) to produce a ceramic coating (3).
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
wherein the coating (3) is cured by at least one of drying and heat treatment after being applied to the metal surface (2),
with a maximum temperature of 400 ℃.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
wherein the silane-based compound (32) in the slurry (30) comprises one or more of the following functional groups: vinyl, amino, acryloyl, glycidyl, alkyl.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
wherein the following proportions by weight are present in the slurry (30):
-ceramic particles (31), 20 to 70 wt.%, inclusive,
-an inorganic pigment (33) from 5 to 40% by weight, inclusive, and
-the silane-based compound (32) as a binder, from 1 to 40% by weight, inclusive.
12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11,
wherein the ceramic particles (31) in the slurry (30) have an average particle diameter of 1nm to 100nm, inclusive,
wherein the inorganic pigment (33) in the slurry (30) has an average particle diameter of 0.3 μm to 60 μm, inclusive.
13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11,
wherein the slurry (30) is applied to the metal surface (2) by spraying.
14. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11,
wherein the slurry (30) is applied directly to the metal surface (2) without any additional primer.
15. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11,
wherein heating the ceramic coating (3) up to a temperature of at least 1000 ℃ does not generate toxic gases,
wherein the temperature of the slurry (30) and the ceramic coating (3) during its manufacture does not exceed 200 ℃.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811216046.1A CN111081842A (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2018-10-18 | Device comprising a ceramic coating and method for producing the same |
| PCT/CN2019/111428 WO2020078372A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2019-10-16 | Device comprising a ceramic coating and a method to produce the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811216046.1A CN111081842A (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2018-10-18 | Device comprising a ceramic coating and method for producing the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111081842A true CN111081842A (en) | 2020-04-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201811216046.1A Pending CN111081842A (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2018-10-18 | Device comprising a ceramic coating and method for producing the same |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN111081842A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2020078372A1 (en) |
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| KR100765382B1 (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2007-10-12 | (주)신우상역 | Structure of coating layer for heat-cooker |
| EP2903031B1 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2019-11-20 | Kaneka Corporation | Solar cell module provided with anti-glare film and method for producing same, anti-glare film for solar cells and method for producing same |
| CN203802231U (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-09-03 | 元海莲 | Ceramic non-stick pan |
| CN104890325B (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2017-02-08 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Protective coating for thermoelectric material or thermoelectric device |
| CN104325801B (en) * | 2014-09-27 | 2017-02-01 | 浙江苏泊尔股份有限公司 | Method for silk screen printing on surface of aluminum ceramic cooker |
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2018
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| WO2020078372A1 (en) | 2020-04-23 |
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Application publication date: 20200428 |