CN111080063B - Method for evaluating operation state of collecting ring - Google Patents
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- CN111080063B CN111080063B CN201911117547.9A CN201911117547A CN111080063B CN 111080063 B CN111080063 B CN 111080063B CN 201911117547 A CN201911117547 A CN 201911117547A CN 111080063 B CN111080063 B CN 111080063B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the running state of a collecting ring, which is suitable for static excitation collecting ring devices matched with generators such as thermal power, nuclear power, combustion engines and the like. According to the invention, through evaluating the operation state of the collecting ring, the operation state of the collecting ring is quickly known, whether the collecting ring is in risk or not is judged, and different maintenance measures are taken for different operation states. The operation state of the collecting ring is not serious, the maintenance can be scheduled to avoid unnecessary halt, and the operation state of the collecting ring is at great risk, so that timely treatment can be prompted to avoid faults.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an evaluation method of a collector ring running state, which is suitable for static excitation collector ring devices matched with generators such as thermal power, nuclear power, combustion engines and the like, and belongs to the technical field of collector ring device running maintenance in the field of power generation equipment.
Background
The large-capacity generator set mostly adopts a static excitation system, and the operation quality of the collector ring device directly influences the operation safety and reliability of the generator set. In fact, the phenomena of high temperature, ignition and the like of the collector ring brush and even the accident of burning the collector ring frequently occur in some power plants.
The GB/T7064-2008 technical requirement of turbine synchronous motor prescribes that the temperature limit value of the collector ring is 120 ℃, and the inlet air temperature is less than 40 ℃. The standard cannot meet the operation and maintenance requirements of the collecting ring.
At present, no standard method is available for accurately evaluating the operation quality of the collecting ring, the temperature of the collecting ring is used for measuring the operation state of the collecting ring, and the temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush is used for measuring the operation state of the collecting ring, so that the randomness and the dispersibility are large, and whether the operation state of the collecting ring has risks can not be effectively judged. Therefore, accurate assessment of the operation state of the collecting ring is important for safe operation, overhauling and maintenance of the collecting ring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: how to accurately evaluate the operation state of the collecting ring.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention provides a method for evaluating the running state of a collecting ring, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The operation state of the collecting ring is evaluated by adopting a collecting ring average temperature rise method, and is divided into 4 grades of excellent, qualified, general risk and larger risk according to the average temperature rise level of the collecting ring, and corresponding overhaul suggestions are given to different grades so as to guide the operation and maintenance of the collecting ring;
(2) The collector ring temperature is expressed as the collector ring average temperature; the average temperature rise of the collecting ring is obtained by subtracting the cold air temperature of the collecting ring from the average temperature of the collecting ring;
If the average temperature of the collecting ring is increased, firstly considering whether the ventilation of the air path is unsmooth; secondly, checking whether the collecting ring brush holder is abnormal or not; the average temperature rise of the collecting ring is still high after the inspection, so that the problem of the collecting ring can be determined, and the process is required to be carried out according to the inspection proposal of the step (1).
Preferably, the abnormality of the collecting ring brush holder in the step (2) includes the degree of freedom of the brush, whether the brush shakes, the mounting gap and position of the brush box, the number of the brush and the contact surface of the brush.
Preferably, checking for anomalies in the brush contact surface comprises the steps of:
(21) Determining the temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush as the highest temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush;
(22) Measuring the temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush;
(23) The brush contact surface is analyzed.
Preferably, the method for measuring the temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush is to align the target frame with the contact surfaces of all electric brushes in one brush holder by using a thermal imager at a position capable of measuring the temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush, read out the highest temperature of the contact surfaces in the target frame, and measure 2-4 brush holders per collecting ring.
Preferably, the analysis of the brush contact surface includes the steps of: averaging the measured highest temperature data of 2-4 brush contact surfaces, and recording the average temperature as the hot spot average temperature of the brush contact surfaces; taking the highest temperature in the measured data, and recording the highest temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush; the highest average temperature of the brush contact can be calculated by obtaining the average temperature of the collecting ring; if the highest temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush and the average temperature fluctuation of the hot spot of the contact surface of the electric brush are within 10 ℃, the normal fluctuation is included; if the highest temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush and the average temperature fluctuation of the hot spot of the contact surface of the electric brush exceed 10 ℃, abnormal fluctuation is generated.
Preferably, the average temperature rise of the collecting ring + (40-60K) =the average temperature rise of the hot spot of the contact surface of the electric brush.
Preferably, the step (1) of giving corresponding overhaul suggestions to different grades includes the following steps:
Preferably, the collector ring temperature is expressed by the average collector ring temperature; for a full-speed generator, the collecting ring rotates at a high speed, and is contacted with a large number of brushes on the collecting ring to conduct current, and friction loss and electrical loss generated by all the brushes and the collecting ring are transmitted to the collecting ring, so that the surface temperature of the collecting ring is uniform.
Preferably, if the operation condition of the collecting ring is unchanged, the average temperature rise of the collecting ring is unchanged no matter how long the interval time is; the average temperature rise of the collector ring with good operation is lower, and the average temperature rise of the collector ring with poor operation is higher; therefore, the average temperature rise of the collecting ring can accurately reflect the running state of the collecting ring.
Preferably, the method for measuring the temperature of the collecting ring is to align a target frame of a thermal imager with the surface of the collecting ring, read the average temperature in the measuring frame, and measure 1-2 positions of each collecting ring.
The invention provides a collector ring running state evaluation method, which establishes a set of collector ring running states and evaluation methods and standards thereof and has important significance for ensuring safe and reliable running of a unit. The invention provides a measuring method which adopts the average temperature of the collecting ring to describe the running state of the collecting ring and has the characteristics of stability and reliability; the actual common brush contact surface temperature is provided as a reference quantity for evaluating the operation state of the collecting ring, is not suitable for judging whether the operation state of the collecting ring is good or bad, and provides a measuring method and a relation with the average temperature of the collecting ring. The method for evaluating the operation state of the collecting ring is provided, different operation state grades are divided according to the average temperature rise level of the collecting ring, corresponding overhaul suggestions are provided, and the method has important guiding significance for actual operation and maintenance. The requirements of the operation temperature and the temperature rise limit value of the collecting ring are put forward, and the operation and maintenance are guided by using the average temperature rise of the collecting ring and the highest temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush by 2 amounts.
By evaluating the operation state of the collecting ring, the operation state of the collecting ring is quickly known, whether the collecting ring is in risk or not is judged, and different maintenance measures are taken for different operation states. The operation state of the collecting ring is not serious, the maintenance can be scheduled to avoid unnecessary halt, and the operation state of the collecting ring is at great risk, so that timely treatment can be prompted to avoid faults.
Detailed Description
In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
The invention relates to an evaluation method of the operation state of a collecting ring, which adopts the average temperature rise method of the collecting ring to detect the operation state of the collecting ring, has the characteristics of accuracy and convenient operation, and can accurately reflect the operation state of the collecting ring. Different operation state grades of the collecting ring are divided according to the average temperature rise level of the collecting ring, and corresponding treatment suggestions are given for different state grades, wherein the collecting ring has excellent, qualified and general risks and larger risks.
The method has repeatability, and the average temperature rise of the collecting ring is unchanged as long as the operation condition of the collecting ring is unchanged. The method can effectively and timely find whether the collector ring is in operation or not and how much risk is, and has important guiding significance for safe operation, overhaul and maintenance and fault avoidance of the unit.
1. Collector ring temperature
(1) The temperature of the collecting ring is expressed by the average temperature of the collecting ring, and the running state of the collecting ring is described by the average temperature rise of the collecting ring.
(2) For a full speed generator (3000 RPM), the slip ring operates at a high speed of 50r/s and conducts current in contact with a large number of brushes thereon, and all friction and electrical losses from the brushes to the slip ring are transferred to the slip ring, so that the slip ring surface temperature is substantially uniform.
If the operation working condition (such as load and operation condition) of the collecting ring is unchanged, the average temperature rise of the collecting ring is unchanged no matter how long the interval time is; the average temperature rise of the collector ring with good operation is lower, and the average temperature rise of the collector ring with poor operation is higher. Therefore, the average temperature rise of the collecting ring can accurately reflect the running state of the collecting ring, and the state quantity has stable and reliable characteristics.
(3) The measuring method is to align the target frame (adjustable) of the thermal imager with the surface of the collecting ring, read out the average temperature in the measuring frame, and measure 1-2 positions of each collecting ring. Note that the target frame does not need to frame other components such as brushes, conductive plates, etc.
2. Brush contact surface temperature
(1) The brush contact surface temperature is expressed as the highest temperature because the average contact surface temperature is measured by using a thermal imager with large measurement error each time, and the highest contact surface temperature is measured accurately;
(2) The temperature of each brush contact surface is caused by friction loss and electrical loss, and is also the place where the collector ring operates at the highest temperature. The contact surface temperature of the electric brush and the collecting ring is the most complex, the contact resistance and the current distribution of each electric brush are different, and the ventilation and heat dissipation conditions are also different, so that the temperature fluctuation and the randomness of the contact surface of the electric brush are larger.
In practice, the highest temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush is used for measuring the running state of the collecting ring, so that the collecting ring has imbalance, certain one-sided performance and no stable and reliable characteristics. Therefore, the highest temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush is used as an important reference for evaluating the running state of the collecting ring, and is not suitable for being used as a criterion for judging the running state of the collecting ring.
(3) Measurement method
And (3) aligning the target frame with the contact surfaces of all the brushes in one brush holder by using a thermal imager at a position capable of measuring (the contact surfaces of all the brushes in one brush holder are framed by the target frame), reading out the highest temperature of the contact surfaces in the target frame, and measuring 2-4 brush holders per collecting ring.
(4) Brush contact surface analysis
Averaging the measured 2-4 highest temperature data of the brush contact surface, and recording the average temperature as the hot spot average temperature of the brush contact surface, wherein the average level of the highest temperature of the brush contact surface is described; the highest temperature in the measured data is taken and is recorded as the highest temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush.
Through statistical analysis of test data, the average temperature rise of the collecting ring and the average temperature rise of the hot spot of the contact surface of the electric brush generally have a + (40-60K) relation (namely, in general, the average temperature rise of the collecting ring + (40-60K) =the average temperature rise of the hot spot of the contact surface of the electric brush). That is, knowing the average temperature of the slip ring, the brush contact maximum average temperature can be calculated.
The fluctuation of the highest temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush and the average temperature of the hot spot is within 10 ℃ and belongs to normal fluctuation; if the average temperature fluctuation of the highest temperature and the hot spot of the contact surface of the electric brush exceeds 10 ℃, such as +10-20 ℃, abnormal fluctuation is caused.
3. Collector ring running state evaluation method
(1) The operation state of the collecting ring is evaluated by adopting a collecting ring average temperature rise method, and is divided into 4 grades of excellent, qualified, general risk and larger risk according to the average temperature rise level of the collecting ring, and corresponding overhaul suggestions are given for different grades so as to guide the operation and maintenance of the collecting ring, and the table 1 is shown.
Table 1 evaluation of slip ring operating State by slip ring average temperature rise method
(2) The collector ring temperature is expressed as the collector ring average temperature; and subtracting the cold air temperature of the collecting ring from the average temperature of the collecting ring to obtain the average temperature rise of the collecting ring.
If the average temperature of the collecting ring is increased, whether the ventilation of the air path is unsmooth is considered first, and if the filter screen is blocked, the average temperature rise of the collecting ring is increased. And secondly, checking whether the collecting ring brush frame is abnormal, such as the degree of freedom of the electric brush, whether the electric brush shakes, the installation gap and the installation position of the brush box, the electric brush mark, the electric brush contact surface and the like. The average temperature rise of the collecting ring is still high after the inspection, and the problem of the collecting ring can be determined, and the collecting ring needs to be treated according to the inspection proposal of the table 1.
4. Collector ring operating temperature/temperature rise limit
(1) The collector ring operation temperature/temperature rise limit value is shown in table 2, which is beneficial to guiding the collector ring operation, overhaul and maintenance.
The inlet air temperature of the collecting ring is not more than 40 ℃ and the outlet air temperature is not more than 70 ℃. The average temperature rise limit value of the slip ring is 60K, the maximum temperature limit value of the slip ring is 120 ℃, the average temperature rise limit value of the hot spot of the contact surface of the electric brush is 100K, and the maximum temperature limit value of the hot spot of the contact surface is 150 ℃.
TABLE 2 slip ring operating temperature/temperature rise limits
* The brush contact surface temperature limit is only used as a reference.
(2) In actual operation, the operation state of the collecting ring is estimated more accurately by using the average temperature rise of the collecting ring, and the operation and maintenance of the collecting ring can be guided; the temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush is used as a reference and is not used as a basis for judging whether the collector ring works well or not. Typically slip ring average temperature rise + (40-60K) =brush contact surface hot spot average temperature rise, brush contact surface hot spot temperature allows for average temperature rise at brush contact surface hot spot ± 10%.
(3) If the average temperature rise of the slip ring is good or qualified, the slip ring is indicated to have good running state; if the highest temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush exceeds the limit value at the moment, the collector ring has no problem, the current carrying of the individual electric brush can be excessive or other abnormal, and some treatment measures such as replacement of the electric brush can be taken; and the problem of high air inlet temperature needs to be solved due to the fact that the air inlet temperature of the collecting ring is higher.
(4) If the average temperature rise of the slip ring is at a general risk or a larger risk, the slip ring is indicated to have poor running state; if the highest temperature of the brush contact surface exceeds the limit value, attention needs to be paid, and problems may exist in the slip ring itself, such as rough surface of the slip ring, and planned or quick shutdown post-treatment is required.
5. Application of
The invention provides an evaluation method for the operation state of the collecting ring for the first time, adopts the collecting ring average temperature rise method to evaluate the operation state of the collecting ring, gives out evaluation grade and overhaul advice and collecting ring operation temperature/temperature rise limit value, has the characteristics of high accuracy and convenient operation, and has higher practical value for operation maintenance and overhaul. Solves the situation that the operation state of the collecting ring can not be accurately estimated in the past, and fills up the blank at home and abroad.
The method can timely find the potential safety hazard of the operation of the collecting ring, timely arrange and overhaul according to the evaluation result, eliminate the potential safety hazard, ensure the safe and reliable operation of the generator, avoid major faults and have important guiding significance for the operation and maintenance of the collecting ring.
The method provided by the invention has a plurality of successful application cases, accurately evaluates the operation state of the collecting ring, finds that the collecting ring has problems in operation, and schedules the collecting ring to recover to a good operation state after maintenance.
Practical case description:
the temperature of the feedback collecting ring of a 6# generator of a certain domestic power plant is high, the average temperature rise of the collecting ring is about 54K after inspection, and the temperature is in a general risk stage, so that a proposal is given for scheduling maintenance.
In-run inspection found problems: (1) eccentricity exists in brush holder installation; (2) the gap between the brush box and the collecting ring is too large (more than 5 mm); (3) The gap between the individual brush box holding spring and the brush box is bigger (0.5-1 mm); (4) sparking phenomenon exists in the negative slip ring brush; and (5) blocking the air inlet filter screen.
And (3) stopping and checking to find: the surface of the slip ring is rusted seriously.
The repairing scheme comprises the following steps: and (5) turning the surface of the collector ring, and installing the brush box again according to the requirement.
After repair, the average temperature rise of the slip ring is reduced from 54K to 35K, the temperature rise of the hot spot of the contact surface is reduced by about 20K, and the temperature rise of the hot spot of the contact surface is reduced by about 10K. The temperature data of the slip rings before and after repair are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 slip ring temperature data before and after repair
The method for evaluating the operation state of the collecting ring is adopted, so that the collecting ring is diagnosed in time and found to be in general risk, the collecting ring is restored to a good operation state after shutdown maintenance is planned, and potential safety hazards of high operation temperature of the collecting ring are eliminated.
Claims (10)
1. The method for evaluating the operation state of the collecting ring is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) The operation state of the collecting ring is evaluated by adopting a collecting ring average temperature rise method, and is divided into 4 grades of excellent, qualified, general risk and larger risk according to the average temperature rise level of the collecting ring, and corresponding overhaul suggestions are given to different grades so as to guide the operation and maintenance of the collecting ring;
(2) The collector ring temperature is expressed as the collector ring average temperature; the average temperature rise of the collecting ring is obtained by subtracting the cold air temperature of the collecting ring from the average temperature of the collecting ring;
If the average temperature of the collecting ring is increased, firstly considering whether the ventilation of the air path is unsmooth; secondly, checking whether the collecting ring brush holder is abnormal or not; the average temperature rise of the collecting ring is still high after the inspection, so that the problem of the collecting ring can be determined, and the process is required to be carried out according to the inspection proposal of the step (1).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (2) includes the step of determining the degree of freedom of the brush, whether the brush is rattled, the brush box mounting gap and position, the brush number, and the brush contact surface.
3. The method of evaluating an operation state of a slip ring according to claim 2, wherein checking for abnormality of said brush contact surface comprises the steps of:
(21) Determining the temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush as the highest temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush;
(22) Measuring the temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush;
(23) The brush contact surface is analyzed.
4. A method of evaluating the operation state of a slip ring as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method of measuring the temperature of the contact surface of the brushes is to align the target frame with the contact surfaces of all brushes in one brush holder by a thermal imager at a position where the temperature of the contact surface of the brushes can be measured, read out the highest temperature of the contact surfaces in the target frame, and measure 2 to 4 brush holders per slip ring.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein analyzing the brush contact surface comprises the steps of: averaging the measured highest temperature data of 2-4 brush contact surfaces, and recording the average temperature as the hot spot average temperature of the brush contact surfaces; taking the highest temperature in the measured data, and recording the highest temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush; the highest average temperature of the brush contact can be calculated by obtaining the average temperature of the collecting ring; if the highest temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush and the average temperature fluctuation of the hot spot of the contact surface of the electric brush are within 10 ℃, the normal fluctuation is included; if the highest temperature of the contact surface of the electric brush and the average temperature fluctuation of the hot spot of the contact surface of the electric brush exceed 10 ℃, abnormal fluctuation is generated.
6. The method for evaluating an operation state of a slip ring according to claim 5, wherein the average temperature rise of the slip ring + (40-60 k) =the average temperature rise of hot spots on a contact surface of the brush.
7. The method for evaluating the operation state of a slip ring according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) of providing corresponding service suggestions for different grades comprises the steps of:
。
8. the method of claim 1, wherein the slip ring temperature is represented by an average slip ring temperature; for a full-speed generator, the collecting ring rotates at a high speed, and is contacted with a large number of brushes on the collecting ring to conduct current, and friction loss and electrical loss generated by all the brushes and the collecting ring are transmitted to the collecting ring, so that the surface temperature of the collecting ring is uniform.
9. The method for evaluating the operation state of a slip ring according to claim 1, wherein if the operation condition of the slip ring is not changed, the average temperature rise of the slip ring is not changed no matter how long the interval time is; the average temperature rise of the collector ring with good operation is lower, and the average temperature rise of the collector ring with poor operation is higher; therefore, the average temperature rise of the collecting ring can accurately reflect the running state of the collecting ring.
10. The method for evaluating the operation state of a collecting ring according to claim 1, wherein the measuring method for the temperature of the collecting ring is to align a target frame of a thermal imager with the surface of the collecting ring, read out the average temperature in the measuring frame, and measure 1-2 positions of each collecting ring.
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| CN109902447A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-06-18 | 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 | A kind of huge Condition Maintenance for Hydraulic Power Plant model and construction method |
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