CN111078564A - UI test case management method and device, computer equipment and computer readable storage medium - Google Patents

UI test case management method and device, computer equipment and computer readable storage medium Download PDF

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CN111078564A
CN111078564A CN201911315869.4A CN201911315869A CN111078564A CN 111078564 A CN111078564 A CN 111078564A CN 201911315869 A CN201911315869 A CN 201911315869A CN 111078564 A CN111078564 A CN 111078564A
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test case
expected effect
information
identification field
test
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CN111078564B (en
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陈策
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Guangzhou Pinwei Software Co Ltd
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Guangzhou Pinwei Software Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/36Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
    • G06F11/3668Software testing
    • G06F11/3672Test management
    • G06F11/3684Test management for test design, e.g. generating new test cases
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/36Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
    • G06F11/3668Software testing
    • G06F11/3672Test management
    • G06F11/3692Test management for test results analysis

Abstract

The invention discloses a UI test case management method, a device, computer equipment and a computer readable storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring expected effect information of a test case to be managed, and generating an expected effect graph according to the expected effect information; setting an identification field for the test case to be managed, wherein the identification field comprises at least one keyword; and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case in association with the identification field. According to the method, the UI is described by replacing characters with the expected effect graph, so that data finding of climbing and wading is not needed, and the expected result of the UI can be displayed more clearly.

Description

UI test case management method and device, computer equipment and computer readable storage medium
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of computer technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for managing UI test cases, a computer device, and a computer-readable storage medium.
Background
The software test is indispensable in the software development process, and the test tool carries out test operation according to a certain test scheme and flow, so that the aim of finding latent defects in the software is fulfilled, the software development and maintenance cost is reduced, and the software quality is promoted to be improved. In various types of automatic software tests, software tests closest to User requirements are related to User interaction, namely User interface tests, wherein the User interface tests are English interface tests, namely UI tests, and mainly refer to testing whether the layout of functional modules of the User interface is reasonable, whether the overall style is consistent, whether the placement positions of all controls meet the use habits of customers and the like. Therefore, after the application program is developed, a User Interface (UI) test needs to be performed on the application program, so as to find a problem in time according to a test result and modify and perfect the application program.
At present, the existing case management system can only describe expected results of the UI by words, and data needs to be found in a way of completely grinding the brain during regression testing. However, since each test case includes several labels, and the comprehensibility of each person varies, the description of the expected results of the UI by words is liable to cause description errors, and the quality of the test results cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for managing UI test cases, a computer device, and a storage medium, so as to overcome the problems in the prior art that a text is used to describe an expected result of a UI, which is easily caused by description errors, and quality cannot be guaranteed.
In order to solve one or more technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
in a first aspect, a UI test case management method is provided, where the method includes the following steps:
obtaining expected effect information of a test case to be managed, and generating an expected effect graph according to the expected effect information;
setting an identification field for the test case to be managed, wherein the identification field comprises at least one keyword;
and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case in association with the identification field.
Further, the generating an expected effect map according to the expected effect information includes:
converting the expected effect information into an effect characteristic vector by a preset method for extracting the characteristic vector;
and inputting the effect characteristic vector into a pre-constructed generation countermeasure network model to generate an expected effect graph.
Further, the associating and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case with the identification field includes:
carrying out layered processing on the test cases according to module levels, and carrying out layered sequencing on the test cases;
and associating the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case with the identification field, and storing according to the hierarchical sequencing order.
Further, the method further comprises:
receiving a use case query request, and matching the use case query request with the keywords in the identification field;
and if the matching is successful, returning the relevant information of the test case corresponding to the identification field for reference, wherein the relevant information at least comprises the expected effect graph.
In a first aspect, a UI test case management apparatus is provided, where the apparatus includes:
the picture generation module is used for acquiring expected effect information of the test case to be managed and generating an expected effect picture according to the expected effect information;
the field setting module is used for setting an identification field for the test case to be managed, and the identification field comprises at least one keyword;
and the information storage module is used for storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case in an associated manner with the identification field.
Further, the picture generation module includes:
the vector generating unit is used for converting the expected effect information into an effect characteristic vector by a preset method for extracting the characteristic vector;
and the picture generating unit is used for inputting the effect characteristic vector into a pre-constructed generation confrontation network model to generate an expected effect picture.
Further, the information storage module includes:
the sequencing processing unit is used for carrying out hierarchical processing on the test cases according to the module level and carrying out hierarchical sequencing on the test cases;
and the information storage unit is used for associating the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case with the identification field and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case according to the hierarchical sequencing order.
Further, the apparatus further comprises:
the request receiving module is used for receiving a use case query request;
the information matching module is used for matching the use case query request with the keywords in the identification field;
and the information feedback module is used for returning the relevant information of the test case corresponding to the identification field for reference if the matching is successful, wherein the relevant information at least comprises the expected effect graph.
In a third aspect, a computer device is provided, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the following steps when executing the computer program:
obtaining expected effect information of a test case to be managed, and generating an expected effect graph according to the expected effect information;
setting an identification field for the test case to be managed, wherein the identification field comprises at least one keyword;
and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case in association with the identification field.
In a fourth aspect, there is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of:
obtaining expected effect information of a test case to be managed, and generating an expected effect graph according to the expected effect information;
setting an identification field for the test case to be managed, wherein the identification field comprises at least one keyword;
and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case in association with the identification field.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the UI test case management method, the UI test case management device, the UI test case management computer equipment and the computer readable storage medium, expected effect information of a test case to be managed is obtained, an expected effect graph is generated according to the expected effect information, an identification field is set for the test case to be managed, the identification field comprises at least one keyword, the expected effect graph and logic information of the test case are stored in a correlation mode with the identification field, the UI is described by replacing characters with the expected effect graph, data finding of wading in mountains is not needed, and expected results of the UI can be displayed more clearly.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a UI test case management method in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating the generation of a desired effects graph from desired effects information according to an example embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating the storage of logical information of expected effect graphs and test cases in association with identification fields in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a UI test case management method in accordance with another illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a UI test case management apparatus according to an example embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a computer device according to an example embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a UI test case management method according to an exemplary embodiment, and referring to FIG. 1, the method includes the following steps:
s1: obtaining expected effect information of the test case to be managed, and generating an expected effect graph according to the expected effect information.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, a mode of displaying the expected result of the UI through the expected effect diagram is adopted to replace a mode of describing the expected result of the UI through characters in the prior art, so that the problems that the description is wrong, the quality cannot be ensured and the like easily caused by describing the expected result of the UI through characters in the prior art are solved. Therefore, after receiving the relevant information of the test case to be managed, which is input by the service personnel through the front-end web system, the expected effect information of the test case to be managed is firstly obtained, and then the corresponding expected effect graph is generated according to the expected effect information. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the information related to the test case to be managed, which is input by the service person through the front-end web system, may further include, in addition to the expected effect information, information such as a version number of the test case, logic information of the test case, and a level of the test case.
S2: and setting an identification field for the test case to be managed, wherein the identification field comprises at least one keyword.
Specifically, in order to facilitate the business personnel to query the test cases subsequently, in the embodiment of the invention, at least one identification field is preset for each test case, wherein the identification field is composed of at least one keyword. For example, a "list page pit check" may be set for a test case for testing information related to a product diagram of a product list page, where the identification field includes the following keywords: list page, pit bit, check.
As a better example, in the embodiment of the present invention, when generating the identification field, word segmentation processing may be performed on the related information of the test case, then semantic analysis may be performed on the obtained word segmentation, fields meeting preset conditions are extracted, and the fields are combined to serve as the identification field of the test case.
S3: and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case in association with the identification field.
Specifically, when the test case is stored, the data such as the expected effect diagram and the logic information of the test case acquired in the above steps are associated with the identification field, and then the data is stored.
The above scheme is illustrated by the following examples:
assuming that the test case to be managed is a certain test case for testing the relevant information of the commodity diagram of the commodity list page, the expected effect information of the test case to be managed is as follows:
layout: upper, middle and lower;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: a commodity map; the method comprises the following steps: price log, price information; the following: brand name, title.
In detail: a commodity diagram: displaying multicolour log in lower right corner if there are multiple colours
The remaining sizes show: if the remaining size is less than 3, the remaining size is displayed on the lower right of the picture, etc.
There are many other items of examination, which are not listed here.
The identification field set for the test case is list page pit bit check, an expected effect graph is generated according to expected effect information of the test case, and then the expected effect graph, the logic information of the test case and the identification field are stored in an associated manner, as shown in the following table one:
watch 1
Figure BDA0002323983490000071
Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a process of generating a desired effect graph according to desired effect information according to an exemplary embodiment, and referring to fig. 2, as a preferred implementation, in an embodiment of the present invention, the generating a desired effect graph according to the desired effect information includes:
s101: and converting the expected effect information into an effect characteristic vector by a preset method for extracting the characteristic vector.
Specifically, a method for converting the expected effect information into an image feature vector suitable for a countermeasure network (GAN) model input is preset. The expected effect information can be description about the test case to be managed, which is input by business personnel, and can be an abstract feature without definite meaning, such as displaying multicolor log at the lower right corner of the picture if a plurality of colors exist, displaying residual size at the lower right corner of the picture if the residual size is less than 3, and the like. And converting the abstract features into effect feature vectors by using a preset feature vector extraction method, wherein the method can be simple data mapping and can also be obtained by training a depth model.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the preset method for extracting an effect feature vector includes: the expected effect information is mapped to an n-dimensional vector, where n is 1, 2, 3 …, and each feature of the expected effect information corresponds to at least one dimension in the vector, i.e. each feature of the expected effect information may correspond to one dimension in the vector or may correspond to multiple dimensions in the vector.
S102: and inputting the effect characteristic vector into a pre-constructed generation countermeasure network model to generate an expected effect graph.
Specifically, a picture generation model is trained based on a generative confrontation network (i.e., a confrontation network, also called a confrontation neural network) by using pre-prepared training data, wherein the pre-constructed generative confrontation network model at least comprises a generator. The generator inputs the effect characteristic vector and a random noise vector, and outputs the expected effect graph.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a process of associating and storing logic information of an expected effect diagram and a test case with an identification field according to an exemplary embodiment, and referring to fig. 3, as a preferred implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present invention, the associating and storing logic information of the expected effect diagram and the test case with the identification field includes:
s301: and carrying out layered processing on the test cases according to the module level, and carrying out layered sequencing on the test cases.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, in order to facilitate management of each test case, when each test case is stored, the test cases are hierarchically processed according to a module level, and each test case is hierarchically ordered. For example, if a certain case includes several test steps, the test steps may be sorted according to the execution sequence.
S302: and associating the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case with the identification field, and storing according to the hierarchical sequencing order.
Specifically, when the test case is stored, the data such as the expected effect diagram and the logic information of the test case acquired in the above steps are associated with the identification field, and then the data are stored according to the sequence of hierarchical sequencing. For example, a certain case includes, for example, several test steps, each test step corresponds to one test case, and when performing storage management on each test case of the case, storage is performed in sequence according to the test steps, where a schematic diagram is as follows:
watch two
Identification field Expected effect
Step 1: xxx Logical information and expected effect graph
Step 2: xxx Logical information and expected effect graph
And step 3: xxx Logical information and expected effect graph
…… ……
Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a UI test case management method according to another exemplary embodiment, and referring to fig. 4, as a preferred implementation, in an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes:
s1: obtaining expected effect information of the test case to be managed, and generating an expected effect graph according to the expected effect information.
S2: and setting an identification field for the test case to be managed, wherein the identification field comprises at least one keyword.
S3: and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case in association with the identification field.
Specifically, the specific implementation of steps S1 to S3 refers to the foregoing, and is not repeated here.
S4: receiving a use case query request, and matching the use case query request with the keywords in the identification field.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, after a use case query request sent by a user (such as a service person) is received, a word segmentation process is performed on a query statement in the use case query request, a keyword of the query statement is extracted, and then the keyword of the query statement is matched with the keyword in the identification field. The specific matching method is not specifically limited, and the user may select the matching method according to specific requirements.
S5: and if the matching is successful, returning the relevant information of the test case corresponding to the identification field for reference, wherein the relevant information at least comprises the expected effect graph.
Specifically, if the keyword of the query statement is successfully matched with the keyword in the identification field, the relevant information of the test case corresponding to the identification field is returned for reference, wherein the relevant information at least comprises the expected effect graph. The expected effect graph is returned to the query requester, so that the query requester can conveniently and rapidly understand the expected effect of the test case, and the query requester can conveniently select the corresponding test case.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a UI test case management apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment, and referring to fig. 5, the apparatus includes:
the picture generation module is used for acquiring expected effect information of the test case to be managed and generating an expected effect picture according to the expected effect information;
the field setting module is used for setting an identification field for the test case to be managed, and the identification field comprises at least one keyword;
and the information storage module is used for storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case in an associated manner with the identification field.
As a preferred implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, the image generating module includes:
the vector generating unit is used for converting the expected effect information into an effect characteristic vector by a preset method for extracting the characteristic vector;
and the picture generating unit is used for inputting the effect characteristic vector into a pre-constructed generation confrontation network model to generate an expected effect picture.
As a preferred implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, the information storage module includes:
the sequencing processing unit is used for carrying out hierarchical processing on the test cases according to the module level and carrying out hierarchical sequencing on the test cases;
and the information storage unit is used for associating the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case with the identification field and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case according to the hierarchical sequencing order.
As a preferred implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further includes:
the request receiving module is used for receiving a use case query request;
the information matching module is used for matching the use case query request with the keywords in the identification field;
and the information feedback module is used for returning the relevant information of the test case corresponding to the identification field for reference if the matching is successful, wherein the relevant information at least comprises the expected effect graph.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device according to an exemplary embodiment, and referring to fig. 6, the computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, and the processor implements the following steps when executing the computer program:
obtaining expected effect information of a test case to be managed, and generating an expected effect graph according to the expected effect information;
setting an identification field for the test case to be managed, wherein the identification field comprises at least one keyword;
and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case in association with the identification field.
As a preferred implementation, in an embodiment of the present invention, the generating an expected effect graph according to the expected effect information includes:
converting the expected effect information into an effect characteristic vector by a preset method for extracting the characteristic vector;
and inputting the effect characteristic vector into a pre-constructed generation countermeasure network model to generate an expected effect graph.
As a preferred implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present invention, the associating and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case with the identification field includes:
carrying out layered processing on the test cases according to module levels, and carrying out layered sequencing on the test cases;
and associating the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case with the identification field, and storing according to the hierarchical sequencing order.
As a preferred implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes:
receiving a use case query request, and matching the use case query request with the keywords in the identification field;
and if the matching is successful, returning the relevant information of the test case corresponding to the identification field for reference, wherein the relevant information at least comprises the expected effect graph.
In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, performs the steps of:
obtaining expected effect information of a test case to be managed, and generating an expected effect graph according to the expected effect information;
setting an identification field for the test case to be managed, wherein the identification field comprises at least one keyword;
and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case in association with the identification field.
As a preferred implementation, in an embodiment of the present invention, the generating an expected effect graph according to the expected effect information includes:
converting the expected effect information into an effect characteristic vector by a preset method for extracting the characteristic vector;
and inputting the effect characteristic vector into a pre-constructed generation countermeasure network model to generate an expected effect graph.
As a preferred implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present invention, the associating and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case with the identification field includes:
carrying out layered processing on the test cases according to module levels, and carrying out layered sequencing on the test cases;
and associating the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case with the identification field, and storing according to the hierarchical sequencing order.
As a preferred implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes:
receiving a use case query request, and matching the use case query request with the keywords in the identification field;
and if the matching is successful, returning the relevant information of the test case corresponding to the identification field for reference, wherein the relevant information at least comprises the expected effect graph.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by hardware instructions of a computer program, which can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in the embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory, among others. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus Direct RAM (RDRAM), direct bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
In summary, the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the UI test case management method, the UI test case management device, the UI test case management computer equipment and the computer readable storage medium, expected effect information of a test case to be managed is obtained, an expected effect graph is generated according to the expected effect information, an identification field is set for the test case to be managed, the identification field comprises at least one keyword, the expected effect graph and logic information of the test case are stored in a correlation mode with the identification field, the UI is described by replacing characters with the expected effect graph, data finding of wading in mountains is not needed, and expected results of the UI can be displayed more clearly.
It should be noted that: the UI test case management device provided in the foregoing embodiment is only illustrated by dividing the functional modules when triggering the management service, and in practical applications, the function distribution may be completed by different functional modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the UI test case management device and the UI test case management method provided by the above embodiments belong to the same concept, that is, the device is based on the UI test case management method, and the specific implementation process thereof is detailed in the method embodiments and will not be described herein again.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by a program instructing relevant hardware, where the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. A UI test case management method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining expected effect information of a test case to be managed, and generating an expected effect graph according to the expected effect information;
setting an identification field for the test case to be managed, wherein the identification field comprises at least one keyword;
and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case in association with the identification field.
2. The UI test case management method according to claim 1, wherein the generating an expected effect graph according to the expected effect information comprises:
converting the expected effect information into an effect characteristic vector by a preset method for extracting the characteristic vector;
and inputting the effect characteristic vector into a pre-constructed generation countermeasure network model to generate an expected effect graph.
3. The UI test case management method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the associating and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case with the identification field comprises:
carrying out layered processing on the test cases according to module levels, and carrying out layered sequencing on the test cases;
and associating the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case with the identification field, and storing according to the hierarchical sequencing order.
4. The UI test case management method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the method further comprises:
receiving a use case query request, and matching the use case query request with the keywords in the identification field:
and if the matching is successful, returning the relevant information of the test case corresponding to the identification field for reference, wherein the relevant information at least comprises the expected effect graph.
5. A UI test case management apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the picture generation module is used for acquiring expected effect information of the test case to be managed and generating an expected effect picture according to the expected effect information;
the field setting module is used for setting an identification field for the test case to be managed, and the identification field comprises at least one keyword;
and the information storage module is used for storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case in an associated manner with the identification field.
6. The UI test case management apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the picture generation module comprises:
the vector generating unit is used for converting the expected effect information into an effect characteristic vector by a preset method for extracting the characteristic vector;
and the picture generating unit is used for inputting the effect characteristic vector into a pre-constructed generation confrontation network model to generate an expected effect picture.
7. The apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the information storage module includes:
the sequencing processing unit is used for carrying out hierarchical processing on the test cases according to the module level and carrying out hierarchical sequencing on the test cases;
and the information storage unit is used for associating the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case with the identification field and storing the expected effect graph and the logic information of the test case according to the hierarchical sequencing order.
8. The UI test case management apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
the request receiving module is used for receiving a use case query request;
the information matching module is used for matching the use case query request with the keywords in the identification field;
and the information feedback module is used for returning the relevant information of the test case corresponding to the identification field for reference if the matching is successful, wherein the relevant information at least comprises the expected effect graph.
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 4 are implemented when the computer program is executed by the processor.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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