CN111076176A

CN111076176A - Pyrolysis device

Info

Publication number: CN111076176A
Application number: CN201911327573.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 樊立云; 王学孟; 姚振宇; 韩会丽; 祁娜; 欧舜杰; 张存峰; 谷金达
Original assignee: SHUNDE SYSU INSTITUTE FOR SOLAR ENERGY; Beijing Branch Of Beijing Jingneng Clean Energy Power Co Ltd
Current assignee: SHUNDE SYSU INSTITUTE FOR SOLAR ENERGY; Beijing Branch Of Beijing Jingneng Clean Energy Power Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-20
Filing date: 2019-12-20
Publication date: 2020-04-28
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-20
Also published as: CN111076176B

Abstract

The present invention provides a pyrolysis apparatus comprising: the device comprises a conveying system, a preheating box, a pyrolysis box, a cooling box and a carrying device; the preheating box, the pyrolysis box and the cooling box are communicated in sequence and are all arranged on the conveying system, the conveying system can convey the carrying device to enter the preheating box, the pyrolysis box and the cooling box in sequence, and the carrying device is used for carrying a pyrolyzed piece; the preheating box, the pyrolysis box and the cooling box are all internally provided with heating parts, and the inlet of the preheating box, the space between the preheating box and the pyrolysis box, the space between the pyrolysis box and the cooling box and the outlet of the cooling box are all provided with openable sealed doors which are used for sealing the preheating box, the pyrolysis box and the cooling box. According to the scheme, the separated heating zone is matched with the sealed door, so that the overflow of gas in each zone is effectively prevented, and the overflow hazard of high-temperature toxic waste gas is prevented; continuous mass production can be realized, and the adjustment of the productivity can be realized by adjusting the length of each heating zone.

Description

Pyrolysis device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, in particular to a pyrolysis device.

Background

The crystalline silicon photovoltaic module is a mainstream product in the current photovoltaic market, the service life of the photovoltaic module is generally 20-30 years, the module which is put into use before or after 2000 years begins to enter the retired period, meanwhile, due to various quality and use reasons, a large number of scrapped modules exist, and the number of the retired modules enters the outbreak period along with the time lapse. A large amount of waste components need to be subjected to harmless treatment and resource recovery.

The crystalline silicon photovoltaic module generally comprises materials and components such as a crystalline silicon solar cell, a welding strip, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), a back plate, glass, a junction box, an aluminum frame and the like, wherein the main part of the crystalline silicon photovoltaic module is a laminated plate formed by vacuum hot pressing the crystalline silicon solar cell, the welding strip, the EVA, the back plate and the glass, and the thickness of the laminated plate is only a few millimeters.

In order to realize the recycling of the crystalline silicon photovoltaic module, the crystalline silicon photovoltaic module needs to be disassembled, and the aluminum frame and the junction box can be disassembled through a mechanical method. The laminate has EVA glue to bond the materials together, and the currently available disassembling methods mainly include heat treatment decomposition, chemical decomposition, crushing screening and the like. The thermal treatment decomposition can be carried out by heating and peeling the back plate, and then heating at high temperature to decompose the EVA adhesive, thereby obtaining the totally separated battery, the welding strip and the glass, and the defect is high energy consumption. Chemical decomposition uses a chemical solvent to dissolve EVA, and has the defects of high chemical solvent cost, long dissolving time and difficult subsequent treatment of waste liquid. The crushing and screening are to crush the laminated part directly mechanically or crush the laminated part after deep cooling and then screen and separate the broken particles or powder, and have the defects of low purity and low value of the recycled material.

Thermal treatment decomposition is a more technical route adopted at present. However, the existing thermal decomposition device has simple equipment and low efficiency, and is difficult to realize large-batch pyrolysis work.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a pyrolysis apparatus to solve at least one technical problem of the background art.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a pyrolysis apparatus comprising: the device comprises a conveying system, a preheating box, a pyrolysis box, a cooling box and a carrying device;

the preheating box, the pyrolysis box and the cooling box are communicated in sequence and are all arranged on the conveying system, the conveying system can convey the carrying device to sequentially enter the preheating box, the pyrolysis box and the cooling box, and the carrying device is used for carrying a pyrolyzed piece;

heating components are arranged in the preheating box, the pyrolysis box and the cooling box, and openable and closable sealing doors are arranged at the inlet of the preheating box, between the preheating box and the pyrolysis box, between the pyrolysis box and the cooling box and at the outlet of the cooling box and are used for sealing the preheating box, the pyrolysis box and the cooling box;

at least one of the preheating tank, the pyrolysis tank and the cooling tank is communicated with an air inlet pipe, and at least one of the preheating tank, the pyrolysis tank and the cooling tank is communicated with an exhaust pipe.

Optionally, the heating temperature ranges of the heating components in the preheating box and the cooling box are 100-500 ℃;

the heating temperature range of the heating part in the high-temperature decomposition box is 400-1000 ℃.

Optionally, the carrying device comprises a supporting frame and a bearing panel arranged on the supporting frame, and the bearing panel is obliquely arranged and used for bearing the pyrolyzed piece.

Optionally, the bearing panel is a hollow panel or the bearing panel is provided with meshes.

Optionally, the angle between the bearing panel and the horizontal plane ranges from 30 ° to 90 °.

Optionally, the bottom of the bearing panel is provided with a groove for accommodating the components separated after pyrolysis.

Optionally, the carrying device further includes a clamping member disposed on the carrying panel for fixing the pyrolyzed member.

Optionally, at least one of the preheating tank, the pyrolysis tank and the cooling tank is internally provided with a hot air circulation device for increasing gas fluidity.

Optionally, the heating parts are respectively arranged on two side walls in the pyrolysis box, and the hot air circulating device is arranged at the top in the pyrolysis box.

Optionally, the conveying system is a roller conveying system, and the preheating box, the pyrolysis box and the cooling box are of an integrated structure.

According to the scheme, the separated heating zone is matched with the sealed door, so that the overflow of gas in each zone is effectively prevented, and the overflow hazard of high-temperature toxic waste gas is prevented; furthermore, the equipment is matched with the heating section for partitioning, a stepping working operation mode is adopted, continuous mass production can be realized, and the adjustment of productivity can be realized by adjusting the length of each heating zone; further, the equipment is provided with the cooling box, so that the situation that the laminating part and the loading device are cooled too fast to cause material breakage and influence subsequent treatment is avoided, and the harm of high-temperature materials to operators is avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pyrolysis apparatus in one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pyrolysis apparatus of FIG. 1 in a pyrolysis tank position;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the loading device of FIG. 1 for loading the material to be pyrolyzed.

Reference numerals:

1-a heating means; 2-a hot air circulation device; 3-a piece to be pyrolyzed; 4-a closed door;

10-a delivery system;

20-a preheating box;

30-pyrolysis box;

40-cooling box;

50-a carrying device; 51-a support frame; 52-a carrier panel; 53-grooves.

Detailed Description

In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a pyrolysis apparatus including: a conveying system 10, a preheating box 20, a pyrolysis box 30, a cooling box 40 and a carrying device 50; the preheating box 20, the pyrolysis box 30 and the cooling box 40 are sequentially communicated and are all arranged on the conveying system 10, the conveying system 10 can convey the carrying device 50 to sequentially enter the preheating box 20, the pyrolysis box 30 and the cooling box 40, and the carrying device 50 is used for carrying the pyrolyzed piece 3; heating parts 1 are arranged in the preheating box 20, the pyrolysis box 30 and the cooling box 40, openable and closable sealing doors 4 are arranged at the inlet of the preheating box 20, between the preheating box 20 and the pyrolysis box 30, between the pyrolysis box 30 and the cooling box 40 and at the outlet of the cooling box 40, and the sealing doors 4 are used for sealing the preheating box 20, the pyrolysis box 30 and the cooling box 40; at least one of the preheating tank 20, the pyrolysis tank 30 and the cooling tank 40 is communicated with an air inlet pipe, and at least one of the preheating tank 20, the pyrolysis tank 30 and the cooling tank 40 is communicated with an air outlet pipe.

The pyrolyzed part 3 may be any part that needs pyrolysis, and the heating temperature of the heating part 1 may be adjusted for different pyrolyzed parts 3, and in this embodiment, the pyrolyzed part 3 is a laminated part in a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module, and the laminated part includes glass, and a battery piece and a solder strip that are glued on the glass by EVA.

The heating temperature of the heating member 1 in the pyrolysis tank 30 is higher than the heating temperature of the heating member 1 in the preheating tank 20 and the heating temperature of the heating member 1 in the cooling tank 40. This staged heating is provided in view of controlling heat loss and operational safety, depending on the decomposition characteristics of the laminate material. The pyrolysis piece 3 firstly enters the preheating box 20, the preheating box 20 is used as a feeding transition zone, a waste gas isolation zone and a preheating zone, the pyrolysis piece 3 is basically not decomposed in the preheating box 20, and the pyrolysis piece enters the high-temperature decomposition box 30 for heating after being preheated for a certain time, so that the EVA or EVA and a back plate in the pyrolysis piece 3 are completely decomposed; the high-temperature decomposition box 30 is heated for a preset time and then enters the cooling box 40, and the cooling box 40 is mainly used as a discharging buffer and a waste gas isolation region. After the preset time in the cooling box 40, the carrying device 50 carries the decomposed pyrolyzed parts 3, and the pyrolyzed parts are sent out from the cooling box 40, and then only the separated parts are sorted and collected after pyrolysis.

During the heating process in the preheating chamber 20, the pyrolysis chamber 30 and the cooling chamber 40, the corresponding airtight doors 4 are closed to prevent the toxic exhaust gas from overflowing. The air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe are used for conveying fresh air into each box body, discharging toxic gas in each box body, and ensuring that high-temperature toxic waste gas generated by pyrolysis cannot overflow to cause harm by using the combined sealed door 4. The mode that sealed door 4 opened and shut can adopt the slip or folding mode, as long as can guarantee that no gas leaks.

The pyrolysis device operates in a rhythm such that, at intervals, all of the loading devices 50 in the apparatus move forward by one station and then stop. During the movement, the respective closing door 4 is opened and the loading device 50 is closed after passing through it. The opening and closing of the sealed door 4 are carried out under the condition of ensuring no toxic gas leakage. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in the pyrolysis process, one or more object carrying devices 50 are arranged in each box body, the sealed doors 4 at two ends of each box body are closed in the pyrolysis process, after the preset time is reached, the sealed doors 4 at two ends of the pyrolysis box 30 are closed, an inlet door (the sealed door 4 at the leftmost side in the figure 1) of the preheating box inlet 20 and an outlet door (the sealed door 4 at the rightmost side in the figure 1) of the cooling box 40 are opened, the object carrying devices 50 are conveyed into the preheating box 20, the object carrying devices 50 in the cooling box 40 are conveyed out, and then the inlet door of the preheating box 20 and the outlet door of the cooling box 40 are closed; then opening two sealed doors 4 at two ends of the pyrolysis box 30, moving the preheating box 20 and the carrying device 50 in the pyrolysis box 30 forward by one or more stations, enabling the carrying device 50 in the preheating box 20 to enter the pyrolysis box 30, enabling the carrying device 50 in the pyrolysis box 30 to enter the cooling box 40, and then closing the two sealed doors 4 at two ends of the pyrolysis box 30; this operation prevents the high-temperature toxic exhaust gas in the pyrolysis tank 30 from overflowing.

According to the scheme, the separated heating zones (the preheating tank 20, the pyrolysis tank 30 and the cooling tank 40) are adopted, and the sealed door 4 is matched, so that the overflow of gas in each zone is effectively prevented, and the overflow hazard of high-temperature toxic waste gas is prevented; furthermore, the equipment is matched with the heating section for partitioning, a step-by-step working operation mode is adopted, continuous mass production can be realized, and the adjustment of the productivity can be realized by adjusting the length of each heating zone (the preheating box 20, the pyrolysis box 30 and the cooling box 40), that is, a plurality of carrying devices 50 can be simultaneously arranged in the preheating box 20, the pyrolysis box 30 or the cooling box 40, and theoretically, the number of the carrying devices 50 can be infinite; further, the equipment is provided with the cooling box 40, so that the situation that the laminating part and the carrying device 50 are cooled too fast to cause material breakage and influence subsequent treatment is avoided, and the harm of high-temperature materials to operators is avoided.

In a preferred embodiment, the preheating chamber 20, the pyrolysis chamber 30 and the cooling chamber 40 are provided with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, so that each chamber can be independently pumped and exhausted, or the whole device can be provided with only one air inlet pipe and one air outlet pipe, for example, the air inlet pipe is arranged on the preheating chamber 20, the air outlet pipe is arranged on the cooling chamber 40, the middle two sealed doors 4 are opened to communicate the three chambers, and then the pumping and exhausting work is performed.

In a specific embodiment, the heating temperature of the heating parts 1 in the preheating box 20 and the cooling box 40 is in the range of 100 ℃ to 500 ℃; the heating temperature range of the heating member 1 in the pyrolysis chamber 30 is 400-1000 ℃. The provision of the preheating chamber 20 facilitates improved stability of the laminate decomposition, improved processing speed, reduced energy consumption and prevention of overflow of exhaust gas. For the actual heating temperature in each box, those skilled in the art can adjust the actual heating temperature according to actual requirements.

In a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3 in combination, the carrying device 50 includes a supporting frame 51 and a carrying panel 52 disposed on the supporting frame 51, wherein the carrying panel 52 is disposed obliquely for carrying the pyrolyzed member 3. The thermal decomposition piece 3 (laminated piece) can be attached to the inclined bearing panel 52, the bearing panel 52 is arranged in an inclined mode, on one hand, bearing of the laminated piece is facilitated, on the other hand, after the laminated piece is heated to a certain temperature, decomposition of EVA glue and flowing discharge of decomposed gas are facilitated, residues on the surfaces of glass and battery pieces are eliminated, and rapid decomposition of the EVA glue is achieved. The glass in the laminate in the pyrolysis chamber 30 may soften, and the inclined carrier panel 52 may prevent the glass from deforming, and if the laminate is placed vertically, the glass may deform under the action of gravity in a softened state, which may affect the separation of the glass, the battery cells and the solder strips, and may cause the glass to fall from the carrying device 50, thereby causing the equipment to fail to operate normally. This condition does not occur when the load bearing panel 52 is tilted.

Through the above description, it can be seen that the bearing panel 52 placed obliquely is adopted, so that complete decomposition of the EVA glue can be effectively and quickly realized, no residue is generated on the battery piece and the glass, and the glass is not easy to deform in the processing process. The battery piece and the welding strip automatically slide to the bottom in the pyrolysis process and are separated from the glass, so that the follow-up treatment is facilitated.

Wherein, the included angle range between the bearing panel 52 and the horizontal plane is 30 ° -90 °, for example: 50 °, 60 °, 70 °, etc.

To achieve uniform heating, in one embodiment, the carrier panel 52 is a hollow panel or the carrier panel 52 is perforated with meshes. So that both sides of the laminate can absorb heat, which is beneficial to improving the pyrolysis speed.

Further, for better collection of the battery pieces and the solder ribbons, in the present embodiment, the bottom of the carrier panel 52 is provided with a groove 53, and the groove 53 is used for accommodating the components (glass, battery pieces and solder ribbons) separated after pyrolysis. The laminate in the pyrolysis box 30 is pyrolyzed at high temperature, the EVA adhesive is dissolved, and the battery piece and the solder strip adhered on the glass slide into the groove 53 from the inclined glass.

In order to further ensure the stability of the pyrolyzed part 3, the loading device 50 further includes a clamping member (not shown in the figure) disposed on the carrying panel 52 for fixing the pyrolyzed part 3.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the preheating chamber 20, the pyrolysis chamber 30 and the cooling chamber 40 is internally provided with a hot air circulating device 2 for increasing gas fluidity, thereby improving heating uniformity. The heated air circulation device 2 may be a fan that rotates within each housing to disturb the internal air flow and promote uniform temperature distribution.

Referring to fig. 2, in order to further improve the heating effect, heating members 1 are respectively disposed on two side walls in the pyrolysis box 30, and a hot air circulating device 2 is disposed at the top in the pyrolysis box 30. The hot air circulating device 2 may be provided only in the pyrolysis tank 30, or may be provided in all of the three tanks.

In a specific embodiment, the conveying system 10 is a roller conveying system, the roller conveying system comprises a driving system and a plurality of rollers arranged at intervals, and the distance between two adjacent rollers is larger than the thickness of the sealed door 4 at the position of the sealed door 4, so that the sealed door 4 can more conveniently and effectively seal a corresponding box body after the rollers finish conveying.

The preheating box 20, the pyrolysis box 30 and the cooling box 40 are of an integrated structure, and the boxes are sealed with each other through a sealing door 4. The structural design of integral type structure is favorable to improving holistic leakproofness, reduces the probability that toxic gas leaked.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pyrolysis apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a conveying system (10), a preheating box (20), a pyrolysis box (30), a cooling box (40) and a carrying device (50);

the preheating box (20), the pyrolysis box (30) and the cooling box (40) are sequentially communicated and are all arranged on the conveying system (10), the conveying system (10) can convey the carrying device (50) to sequentially enter the preheating box (20), the pyrolysis box (30) and the cooling box (40), and the carrying device (50) is used for carrying a pyrolyzed part (3);

heating parts (1) are arranged in the preheating box (20), the pyrolysis box (30) and the cooling box (40), openable and closable sealing doors (4) are arranged at an inlet of the preheating box (20), between the preheating box (20) and the pyrolysis box (30), between the pyrolysis box (30) and the cooling box (40) and at an outlet of the cooling box (40), and the sealing doors (4) are used for sealing the preheating box (20), the pyrolysis box (30) and the cooling box (40);

at least one of the preheating tank (20), the pyrolysis tank (30) and the cooling tank (40) is communicated with an air inlet pipe, and at least one of the preheating tank (20), the pyrolysis tank (30) and the cooling tank (40) is communicated with an air outlet pipe.

2. A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating temperature range of the heating components (1) in the preheating box (20) and the cooling box (40) is 100-500 ℃;

the heating temperature range of the heating part (1) in the high-temperature decomposition box (30) is 400-1000 ℃.

3. A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrying device (50) comprises a support frame (51) and a carrying panel (52) arranged on the support frame (51), the carrying panel (52) is arranged obliquely for carrying the pyrolysed piece (3).

4. A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the bearing panel (52) is a hollow panel or the bearing panel (52) is provided with meshes.

5. A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the bearing panel (52) has an angle with the horizontal in the range of 30 ° to 90 °.

6. A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the bottom of the carrier panel (52) is provided with a groove (53), the groove (53) being adapted to accommodate a component separated after pyrolysis.

7. A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the carrier device (50) further comprises a holding member arranged on the carrying panel (52) for fixing the pyrolysed piece (3).

8. A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the preheating chamber (20), pyrolysis chamber (30) and cooling chamber (40) is internally provided with a hot air circulating means (2) for increasing gas fluidity.

9. A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the heating members (1) are provided on both side walls in the pyrolysis chamber (30), and the hot air circulating means (2) is provided on the top in the pyrolysis chamber (30).

10. A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport system (10) is a roller transport system, and the preheating tank (20), pyrolysis tank (30) and cooling tank (40) are of a unitary construction.