CN111075063A - Formwork-removal-free concrete shear wall structure building and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Formwork-removal-free concrete shear wall structure building and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111075063A CN111075063A CN201811214185.0A CN201811214185A CN111075063A CN 111075063 A CN111075063 A CN 111075063A CN 201811214185 A CN201811214185 A CN 201811214185A CN 111075063 A CN111075063 A CN 111075063A
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2/8623—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
- E04C5/0627—Three-dimensional reinforcements composed of a prefabricated reinforcing mat combined with reinforcing elements protruding out of the plane of the mat
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
- E04C5/20—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups of material other than metal or with only additional metal parts, e.g. concrete or plastics spacers with metal binding wires
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Abstract
The invention relates to a formwork-removal-free concrete shear wall structure building and a construction method thereof. The shear wall body in the building mainly comprises steel bar truss fixing templates positioned on two sides of the wall body and a concrete layer poured between the steel bar truss fixing templates on the two sides, each steel bar truss fixing template comprises a panel, a steel bar net and a steel bar truss, the steel bar net and the steel bar truss are positioned on the inner side of the panel, the steel bar net and the steel bar truss are fixedly connected in the concrete layer, and corresponding steel bar connecting frames are arranged in various wall body nodes respectively. The construction method of the shear wall body comprises the steps of template installation, template fixing, concrete pouring, wall body maintenance and the like. The invention is beneficial to reducing the workload and the working strength of building construction, reducing the influence degree of human factors on the building quality, reducing the construction cost, facilitating the pipeline arrangement on the building and lightening or avoiding the negative influence on the wall body caused by the pipeline arrangement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a formwork-removal-free concrete shear wall structure building and a construction method thereof, belonging to the technical field of buildings.
Background
At present, when a concrete shear wall structure building is built, on-site reinforcement arrangement and formwork support are needed, and a formwork is also needed to be dismantled after concrete pouring, so that the operation is complex, the labor intensity is high, the workload is large, the influence of human factors on the building quality is large, the internal quality problem is difficult to detect and repair, and the problems become important problems which are generally concerned by building enterprises at present when suitable labor resources are increasingly short and the labor cost is increasingly high.
In addition, it is difficult to arrange pipelines on such walls. At present, a common wiring mode is that a groove for laying pipelines is formed in a concrete wall surface, and after wiring is finished, the groove is smoothed by gypsum or putty and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a formwork-removal-free concrete shear wall structure building and a building method of the building, so as to reduce the workload and the working strength of building construction, reduce the influence degree of human factors on the building quality, reduce the building cost, facilitate pipeline arrangement and reduce or avoid the negative influence of pipeline arrangement on the wall strength.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the invention discloses a formwork-removal-free concrete shear wall structure building which can be built by adopting any one of the building methods of the formwork-removal-free concrete shear wall structure building, and is provided with a shear wall body, the shear wall body mainly comprises shear wall fixing templates positioned at two sides of the wall body and a shear wall concrete layer poured between the shear wall fixing templates at the two sides, the shear wall fixing template adopts a steel bar truss fixing template, a panel of the shear wall fixing template faces the outer side of the wall body, the steel bar truss faces the inner side of the wall body, the reinforcing mesh and the reinforcing steel bar truss on the shear wall fixed template are fixedly connected in the shear wall concrete layer, the reinforcing steel bar truss fixing template comprises a panel, a reinforcing steel bar net and a reinforcing steel bar truss, wherein the reinforcing steel bar net and the reinforcing steel bar truss are positioned on one side of the panel, the panels in the reinforcing steel bar truss fixing templates form a permanent template of the shear wall body, and the reinforcing mesh and the reinforcing steel bar truss in the reinforcing steel bar truss fixing templates form reinforcing steel bars in the concrete layer of the shear wall.
The panel of the steel bar truss fixing template forms a permanent template of the wall body, a groove for laying a pipeline is formed in the panel, and a steel bar mesh of the steel bar truss fixing template and the steel bar truss form a wall body steel bar.
The panels may typically be of non-metallic sheet material to provide a corresponding wall feel and ease of finishing, so that the panels need not be dismantled.
The non-metallic panel may be a sheet suitable for machining, particularly a building sheet suitable for use as a wall surface.
Usually, the reinforcing mesh, the steel bar truss and the face plate of the steel bar truss fixed template are fixedly connected into a whole, and the whole steel bar truss fixed template can be processed and manufactured in a factory.
Preferably, the reinforcing mesh of the reinforcing truss fixed template and the reinforcing truss are spaced from the panel, so that the effective concrete protective layer thickness capable of shielding the reinforcing mesh and the reinforcing truss is formed on the inner side of the panel. After the local panel is removed due to decoration and the like, the reinforcing steel bars are not exposed and can be effectively protected.
Preferably, the reinforcing mesh in the reinforcing template of the steel bar truss is positioned between the steel bar truss and the panel, a cushion block used for limiting the distance between the reinforcing mesh and the panel is arranged between the reinforcing mesh and the panel, and the required distance is cushioned through the cushion block.
The cushion blocks are preferably arranged between the lower chord rib of the steel bar truss and the panel, and the number of the cushion blocks between the same lower chord rib and the panel is multiple.
Preferably, the reinforcing mesh of the reinforcing truss fixing template is formed by connecting a plurality of longitudinal reinforcing steel bars and a plurality of transverse reinforcing steel bars, the longitudinal reinforcing steel bars on the same reinforcing mesh are positioned on the same plane and are parallel to each other, and the transverse reinforcing steel bars are positioned on the same plane and are parallel to each other.
The transverse bars of the mesh reinforcement are preferably positioned on the near panel side of the longitudinal bars, and are in contact with the lower chord bars of the steel bar truss.
The steel bar trusses are generally arranged longitudinally, the lower chord bars of the steel bar trusses are positioned on the near panel side of the upper chord bars of the steel bar trusses and are parallel to the longitudinal steel bars of the steel bar nets, the number of the steel bar trusses in the steel bar truss fixing template is one or more, and when the number of the steel bar trusses is more, the steel bar trusses are parallel to each other.
When a cushion block for limiting the distance between the reinforcing mesh and the panel is arranged between the reinforcing mesh and the panel, the side surface of the reinforcing mesh of the cushion block is preferably provided with a transverse reinforcing steel bar positioning groove, and the transverse reinforcing steel bar is arranged on the transverse reinforcing steel bar positioning groove on the cushion block contacted with the transverse reinforcing steel bar positioning groove.
Preferably, in the reinforcing steel bar truss fixing formwork, the reinforcing steel bar mesh, the reinforcing steel bar truss and the panel may be fixedly connected in any one of the following manners:
the steel bar truss is fixedly connected with the panel through a connecting piece; or,
when a cushion block for limiting the distance is arranged between the reinforcing mesh and the panel, the reinforcing steel bar truss is fixedly connected with the cushion block through a connecting piece, and the cushion block is fixedly connected to the panel.
The connector may be any one of the following:
the connecting piece is an inverted V-shaped connecting piece and is used for realizing the fixed connection between the steel bar truss and the panel or the fixed connection between the steel bar truss and the cushion block, the inverted V-shaped connecting piece is inverted V-shaped and is buckled on the corresponding steel bar truss, and two support legs at the bottom of the inverted V-shaped connecting piece are respectively and fixedly connected to the panel or the corresponding cushion block;
the connecting piece is a U-shaped connecting piece or a C-shaped connecting piece and is used for realizing the fixed connection of the steel bar truss and the cushion block, the U-shaped connecting piece is provided with a left clamping plate and a right clamping plate which are symmetrical to each other, the left clamping plate and the right clamping plate are connected to an integrated base or an independent base used as the cushion block, and the left clamping plate and the right clamping plate are respectively clamped at the transverse outer sides of the lower chord bars at the corresponding sides of the steel bar truss; the C-shaped connecting piece comprises a left connecting piece and a right connecting piece which are symmetrical to each other, the C-shaped connecting pieces of the two forms are used in a matched mode, the left connecting piece and the right connecting piece are respectively provided with single-side clamping plates on respective corresponding sides, the single-side clamping plates are connected to an integrated base or an independent base, the integrated base and the cushion block are integrated, the independent base is an independent piece and is fixedly connected to the cushion block, the left connecting piece and the right connecting piece are alternately arranged in the vertical direction or are symmetrically arranged, and the single-side clamping plates of the left connecting piece and the right connecting piece are respectively clamped on the transverse outer sides of lower chord ribs on the corresponding sides of the steel bar truss.
Preferably, the steel bar truss fixing templates are vertically arranged, the steel bar truss fixing templates on two sides of the shear wall body are symmetrically arranged, the sizes of the panels of the steel bar truss fixing templates on two opposite sides are equal, and a gap is reserved between the steel bar truss fixing templates on the same layer on the same wall surface.
The connecting parts of the reinforcing steel bar truss fixing templates on the same layer of the same shear wall surface form a linear node of the wall body, and a linear reinforcing steel bar connecting frame is preferably arranged in the shear wall body of the linear node.
A style of calligraphy steel bar connection frame can be including connecting the vertical reinforcing bar of side and stirrup, the vertical projection of stirrup is the rectangle, the vertical reinforcing bar of connection side be located the rectangle vertical projection's of stirrup four corners department respectively and with stirrup fixed connection, a style of calligraphy steel bar connection frame concreties at corresponding position in the shear force wall concrete layer, its horizontal about two parts constitute two rectangular connecting portion on the corresponding direction respectively, each rectangular connecting portion extend to respectively between the wire net of the steel bar truss solid template of this connected node both sides wall body.
When T-shaped nodes exist in the wall body, T-shaped steel bar connecting frames are preferably arranged in the wall body of the T-shaped nodes.
Preferably, T shaped steel muscle link is the T type, and three rectangle connecting portion including T type distribution are three the position that intersects of rectangle connecting portion is equipped with the vertical reinforcing bar of dark post that distributes in same rectangle four corners department, each the outer end of rectangle connecting portion all is equipped with the vertical reinforcing bar of connection side that distributes in its tip two corners department, the vertical reinforcing bar of connection side and the vertical reinforcing bar of dark post are connected as an organic wholely through corresponding stirrup, the vertical projection of stirrup is the rectangle, hoops respectively on the vertical reinforcing bar of connection side that corresponds separately, on the vertical reinforcing bar of dark post, or on the vertical reinforcing bar of connection side and the vertical reinforcing bar of dark post.
The T-shaped steel bar connecting frames are fixedly connected in the concrete layers of the shear walls at the corresponding positions, and the rectangular connecting portions respectively extend to the steel wire meshes of the steel bar truss fixing templates of the wall bodies on the sides of the T-shaped nodes.
When the L-shaped node exists in the wall body, the L-shaped steel bar connecting frame is preferably arranged in the wall body corresponding to the L-shaped node.
Preferably, L shaped steel bar link is the L type, including two rectangle connecting portion that L type distributes, two the position that intersects of rectangle connecting portion is equipped with the vertical reinforcing bar of dark post that distributes in same rectangle four corners department, each the outer end of rectangle connecting portion all is equipped with the vertical reinforcing bar of connection side that distributes in its tip two corners department, the vertical reinforcing bar of connection side and the vertical reinforcing bar of dark post are connected as an organic wholely through corresponding stirrup, the vertical projection of stirrup is the rectangle, hoops respectively corresponding on the vertical reinforcing bar of connection side and the vertical reinforcing bar of dark post or on the vertical reinforcing bar of dark post, L shaped steel bar link concreties at corresponding position in the shear force wall concrete layer, each rectangle connecting portion extends to respectively between the wire net of the steel bar truss solid template of each side wall body of L type node.
When the cross-shaped nodes exist in the wall body, cross-shaped steel bar connecting frames are preferably arranged in the wall body of the corresponding cross-shaped nodes.
Preferably, the cross-shaped steel bar connecting frame is cross-shaped, and includes four rectangular connecting portions that cross-shaped distributes, four the position that intersects of rectangular connecting portion is equipped with the vertical reinforcing bar of dark post that distributes in same rectangle four corners department, each the outer end of rectangular connecting portion all is equipped with the vertical reinforcing bar of connection side that distributes in its tip both corners department, the vertical reinforcing bar of connection side and dark post vertical reinforcing bar are connected as an organic whole through corresponding stirrup, the vertical projection of stirrup is the rectangle, hoops respectively on the vertical reinforcing bar of connection side that corresponds separately, on the vertical reinforcing bar of dark post, or on the vertical reinforcing bar of connection side and the vertical reinforcing bar of dark post, cross-shaped steel bar connecting frame concreties in corresponding position in the shear force wall concrete layer, each the rectangular connecting portion extends to respectively between the wire net of the truss reinforcing bar solid template of each side wall body of cross node.
When being equipped with the solid template of multilayer steel bar truss on same wall, leave the interval between the panel of the solid template of upper and lower adjacent steel bar truss, the lower extreme of the vertical reinforcing bar in the reinforcing bar net of the solid template of steel bar truss does not surpass the corresponding end edge of panel, and the upper end surpasss the corresponding end edge of panel and upwards stretches out, forms the connecting reinforcement who is used for being connected with upper wall structure.
Under the condition that the corresponding steel bar connecting frames (such as the straight steel bar connecting frames and the like) are arranged at the nodes, two ends of the transverse steel bars in the steel bar mesh of the steel bar truss fixing template do not exceed the corresponding end edges of the panels, so that the steel bar truss fixing template is convenient to store, transport and install on site.
When the node is not provided with the corresponding steel bar connecting frame, the two ends of the transverse steel bar in the steel bar mesh of the steel bar truss reinforcing template can exceed the corresponding end edges of the panel to form the connecting steel bar at the connecting part.
A construction method of a formwork-removal-free concrete shear wall structure building is used for constructing any formwork-removal-free concrete shear wall structure building disclosed by the invention, and the construction of a shear wall body of the formwork-removal-free concrete shear wall structure building comprises the following construction steps:
1) installing a template: installing reinforcing steel bar truss fixing templates on two sides, serving as shear wall fixing templates, in place, wherein a panel of each reinforcing steel bar truss fixing template faces outwards, a reinforcing steel bar truss faces inwards, each reinforcing steel bar truss fixing template comprises a panel, and a reinforcing steel bar net and a reinforcing steel bar truss which are located on the inner side of the panel, and the reinforcing steel bar net, the reinforcing steel bar truss and the panel are connected into a whole;
2) fixing the template: the steel bar truss fixing templates on two sides are fixed through the drawknot pieces and the supporting pieces in a drawknot manner;
3) pouring concrete: pouring concrete between the reinforcing steel bar truss fixed templates on the two sides;
4) wall body maintenance: and (5) curing the cast-in-place concrete according to the requirement.
In the step of installing the templates, the steel bar truss fixed templates on the two sides of the wall body are preferably symmetrically arranged, the sizes of the panels of the steel bar truss fixed templates on the two opposite sides are equal, and a gap is reserved between the horizontally adjacent steel bar truss fixed templates on the same side and can be used as an expansion joint.
The connecting parts of the reinforcing steel truss fixing templates on the same layer on the same wall surface form a linear node of the shear wall body, a linear reinforcing steel connecting frame is preferably arranged at the linear node, two rectangular connecting parts of the linear node reinforcing steel connecting frame are respectively arranged between steel wire meshes of the reinforcing steel truss fixing templates on the wall bodies on two sides of the node, and the linear node reinforcing steel connecting frame is firstly installed in place before adjacent reinforcing steel truss fixing templates are erected.
When T-shaped nodes exist in the wall body, the T-shaped steel bar connecting frames are preferably arranged at the T-shaped nodes, three rectangular connecting parts of the T-shaped node steel bar connecting frames are respectively arranged between steel wire meshes of steel bar truss fixing templates of the wall body on each side of the node, and the T-shaped node steel bar connecting frames are firstly installed in place before adjacent steel bar truss fixing templates are erected.
When an L-shaped node exists in the wall body, the L-shaped node is preferably provided with an L-shaped steel bar connecting frame, two rectangular connecting parts of the L-shaped node steel bar connecting frame are respectively arranged between steel wire meshes of steel bar truss fixing templates of the wall body on each side of the node, and the L-shaped node steel bar connecting frame is firstly installed in place before adjacent steel bar truss fixing templates are erected.
When cross-shaped nodes exist in the wall body, preferably, cross-shaped steel bar connecting frames are arranged at the cross-shaped nodes, four rectangular connecting parts of each cross-shaped node steel bar connecting frame are respectively arranged between steel wire meshes of steel bar truss fixing formworks of the wall body on each side of the node, and the cross-shaped node steel bar connecting frames are firstly installed in place before adjacent steel bar truss fixing formworks are erected.
In the formwork fixing step, the corresponding rectangular connecting parts of the steel bar connecting frames at the nodes are taken as supporting pieces to limit the space between the steel bar truss fixing formworks at two sides of the wall, and the width of the rectangular connecting parts is usually not larger than the space between the steel bar meshes of the shear wall fixing formworks at two sides of the corresponding positions.
And when the thickness of the corresponding rectangular connecting part is smaller than the set distance between the steel wire meshes of the steel bar truss fixed formworks on the two sides of the wall body, adding an additional supporting piece, and filling the additional supporting piece between the rectangular connecting part and the steel wire meshes on one side or between the rectangular connecting part and the steel wire meshes on the two sides.
When the wall body with upper and lower layers (layered according to floors or construction sequence) is built, layered construction can be carried out according to the prior art, the steel bar connecting frames at all nodes are arranged in layers, the templates are installed and fixed in layers, and concrete is poured in layers.
The steel bars of the steel bar truss fixing template and the steel bars of the steel bar connecting frame are used as wall steel bars of the shear wall, no additional constructional steel bar is needed to be arranged in the main body part of the shear wall, and the face plate of the steel bar truss fixing template is fixedly connected to the surface of the concrete layer of the shear wall to serve as a part of the wall body without being detached.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: because the reinforcing steel bar truss fixing template is used as the permanent templates at two sides of the shear wall body, reinforcing steel bars in the reinforcing steel bar truss fixing template, the reinforcing steel bar truss and reinforcing steel bar connection frames at nodes form reinforcing steel bars in the wall body, the reinforcing steel bars do not need to be additionally arranged and bound, and the template does not need to be additionally erected. The steel bar truss fixing template is manufactured in a factory, the quality control is strict, the automation degree is high, the production efficiency is high, and therefore the influence degree of human factors on the wall quality is greatly reduced. The grooves required by the built wall surface wiring can be formed by cutting the non-metal panels on the steel bar truss fixing templates, the non-metal panels can be made of machined plates, the cutting and grooving of the panels are easier than the grooving of the concrete, the structure of the steel bar truss fixing templates is not involved, and the strength of the wall body is not influenced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top sectional view of a shear wall with a horizontal node;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a T-shaped shear wall construction;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of an L-shaped shear wall body;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cross-shaped shear wall construction;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a reinforcing bar truss fixing template;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view A-A corresponding to FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view B-B corresponding to FIG. 5;
fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view of C corresponding to fig. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an inverted V-shaped connector in relation to the connection configuration;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the relevant connection configuration of the U-shaped connector;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a U-shaped connector configuration;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing a structural comparison of two C-shaped connectors (a positive C-shaped connector and a negative C-shaped connector) which are symmetrical left and right.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the shear wall body of the present invention adopts a cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure, which is mainly composed of shear wall fixing templates located at two sides of the shear wall body and a shear wall concrete layer 180 poured between the shear wall fixing templates at the two sides, the shear wall fixing templates adopt steel bar truss fixing templates, a panel 110 of the steel bar truss fixing templates faces to the outer side of the wall body, a steel bar truss faces to the inner side of the wall body, and a steel bar mesh and a steel bar truss on the steel bar truss fixing templates are fixedly connected in the shear wall concrete layer. The steel bar truss fixing template is used as a permanent template of the shear wall body, steel bars and templates which are originally required to be arranged on a construction site are manufactured into a whole in a factory, the production efficiency is high, the quality is good, and the field use is also very convenient. After the wall is built, the panels in the fixed templates do not need to be dismantled, and decoration or related structure arrangement can be carried out on the basis of the panels on the surface of the wall.
The spacing between horizontally adjacent panels is typically no more than 10mm, and expansion joint gaskets or the like may be provided according to the prior art. In order to prevent slurry from seeping out when concrete is poured, the gap is only required to be attached by the adhesive tape, and a template is not required to be additionally arranged.
On the same wall surface, the connecting parts of the horizontally adjacent steel bar truss fixing templates form a straight-line-shaped node (see fig. 1) of the shear wall body, and a straight-line-shaped steel bar connecting frame can be generally arranged in the shear wall body of the straight-line-shaped node so as to ensure the connecting strength of the shear wall bodies on two sides of the node.
The I-shaped steel bar connecting frame comprises connecting side vertical steel bars 211 and stirrups 212, the vertical projections of the stirrups are rectangular, the connecting side vertical steel bars are respectively located at four corners of the rectangular vertical projections of the stirrups and are fixedly connected with the stirrups, and therefore a steel bar frame structure with a rectangular columnar outline is formed, and field operation is facilitated.
The stirrup can be rectangular ring-shaped, and the quantity is a plurality of, distributes from top to bottom, perhaps the stirrup also can be the rectangle heliciform to conveniently carry out machining in the mill.
The straight-line-shaped steel bar connecting frame is fixedly connected in the shear wall concrete layer of the corresponding node area.
The left and right parts of the horizontal linear steel bar connecting frame respectively form two rectangular connecting parts in the corresponding direction, each rectangular connecting part respectively extends to the space between the steel wire meshes of the steel bar truss fixed templates on the two sides of the shear wall body in the corresponding direction of the connecting node, and the length of the horizontal overlapping of the rectangular connecting parts and the corresponding steel wire meshes is according to the specific connecting requirement, for example, the length can be 300mm under the common condition.
When a T-shaped shear wall body exists, a T-shaped steel bar connecting frame (see fig. 2) can be generally arranged in the shear wall body corresponding to the T-shaped node; when an L-shaped shear wall body exists, an L-shaped steel bar connecting frame (see fig. 3) can be generally arranged in the shear wall body corresponding to the L-shaped node; when a cross-shaped shear wall body exists, a cross-shaped steel bar connecting frame (see fig. 4) can be arranged in the shear wall body of the corresponding cross-shaped node. The steel bar connecting frames are similar to the straight steel bar connecting frames, preferably adopt an integral steel bar frame form which is integrally connected, can be manufactured in a factory to facilitate field operation, are similar to the shear wall body in the node area in shape, can be divided into a plurality of rectangular connecting parts according to specific shapes, and respectively correspond to and extend into the shear wall body on each side of the node, so that the steel bar connection in the node area is realized.
The T-shaped steel bar connecting frame is T-shaped (see figure 2), and comprises three rectangular connecting parts distributed in a T shape, hidden column vertical steel bars 225 distributed at four corners of the same rectangle are arranged at the intersection parts of the three rectangular connecting parts, connecting side vertical steel bars 222 distributed at two corners of the end part of each rectangular connecting part are arranged at the outer ends of the rectangular connecting parts, the connecting side vertical steel bars and the hidden column vertical steel bars are connected into a whole through corresponding stirrups 221, the vertical projections of the stirrups are rectangular and are respectively hooped on the corresponding connecting side vertical steel bars, the hidden column vertical steel bars or the connecting side vertical steel bars and the hidden column vertical steel bars, the T-shaped steel bar connecting frame is fixedly connected in a shear wall concrete layer of a corresponding node area, and each rectangular connecting part respectively extends to the steel wire meshes of steel bar truss fixing templates at two sides of the shear wall body in the corresponding direction of the T-shaped node, the length of the overlap of the rectangular connector with the corresponding mesh reinforcement in the transverse direction may be, for example, 300mm in general, depending on the specific connection requirements.
The L-shaped steel bar connecting frame is L-shaped (see figure 3), and comprises two rectangular connecting parts distributed in an L shape, hidden column vertical steel bars 235 distributed at four corners of the same rectangle are arranged at the intersection position of the two rectangular connecting parts, connecting side vertical steel bars 231 distributed at two corners of the end part of each rectangular connecting part are arranged at the outer end of each rectangular connecting part, the connecting side vertical steel bars and the hidden column vertical steel bars are connected into a whole through corresponding stirrups 232, the vertical projections of the stirrups are rectangular and are respectively hooped on the corresponding connecting side vertical steel bars and the hidden column vertical steel bars or respectively hooped on the hidden column vertical steel bars, the L-shaped steel bar connecting frame is fixedly connected in a shear wall concrete layer of a corresponding node area, each rectangular connecting part respectively extends to the steel wire meshes of steel bar truss fixing templates at two sides of the shear wall body in the corresponding direction of the L-shaped node, the length of the overlap of the rectangular connector with the corresponding mesh reinforcement in the transverse direction may be, for example, 300mm in general, depending on the specific connection requirements.
The cross-shaped steel bar connecting frame is cross-shaped (see figure 4), and comprises four rectangular connecting parts which are distributed in a cross shape, hidden column vertical steel bars 245 which are distributed at four corners of the same rectangle are arranged at the intersection parts of the four rectangular connecting parts, connecting side vertical steel bars 241 which are distributed at two corners of the end part of each rectangular connecting part are arranged at the outer ends of the rectangular connecting parts, the connecting side vertical steel bars and the hidden column vertical steel bars are connected into a whole through corresponding stirrups 242, the vertical projections of the stirrups are rectangular and are respectively hooped on the corresponding connecting side vertical steel bars, the hidden column vertical steel bars or the connecting side vertical steel bars and the hidden column vertical steel bars, the cross-shaped steel bar connecting frame is fixedly connected in a shear wall concrete layer of a corresponding node area, and each rectangular connecting part respectively extends to the steel wire meshes of steel bar truss fixed templates at two sides of the shear wall body in the corresponding direction of the cross-shaped, the length of the overlap of the rectangular connector with the corresponding mesh reinforcement in the transverse direction may be, for example, 300mm in general, depending on the specific connection requirements.
Each stirrup on the steel bar connecting frame can be rectangular ring-shaped, hoops outside the corresponding vertical steel bars, and the number of the stirrups is a plurality of, and the stirrups are arranged in an upper-lower layered manner and also can be rectangular spiral and wound outside the corresponding vertical steel bars. Corresponding stirrups can be provided according to the prior art on the relevant vertical reinforcement.
The combination mode of stirrup and relevant vertical reinforcement can be confirmed according to prior art, for example, to T type, L type and cross steel bar connection frame, can be in the same place the vertical reinforcing bar of connection side and the vertical reinforcing bar of camera obscura of each rectangle connecting portion with the stirrup respectively, and through these connections, realize that steel bar connection frame's monolithic stationary and camera obscura vertical reinforcing bar's interconnect is fixed, to a style of calligraphy node, can regard as not setting up the camera obscura, only set up the vertical reinforcing bar of connection side that is located each side wall body, do not have camera obscura vertical reinforcing bar, its stirrup is wherein with each side rectangle connecting portion's vertical reinforcing bar hoop simultaneously.
In consideration of the need of concrete pouring, the exposed wall surface 187 (outside of the wall surface without the steel bar truss fixed formwork panel) at the joint of the T-shaped shear wall body and the L-shaped shear wall body corresponding to the T-shaped steel bar connecting frame and the L-shaped steel bar connecting frame can be provided with a corresponding detachable formwork or a permanent formwork according to the prior art, or a permanent formwork capable of being butted with the corresponding steel bar truss fixed formwork is fixedly arranged on the corresponding side surface of the corresponding steel bar connecting frame.
Referring to fig. 5 to 8, the reinforcing steel truss fixing template includes a face plate 110, a reinforcing steel truss 130, and a reinforcing mesh formed by connecting transverse reinforcing steel bars 121 (here, transverse to the reinforcing steel truss fixing template) and longitudinal reinforcing steel bars 122 (here, longitudinal to the reinforcing steel truss fixing template), and the face plate, the reinforcing mesh, and the reinforcing steel truss are fixedly connected as a whole and can be generally prepared in a factory.
When the reinforced concrete truss type shear wall formwork is used as a shear wall formwork, the face plate of the reinforced truss formwork faces outwards, the reinforced truss faces inwards, concrete is poured into a space between the two shear wall formwork, the reinforced truss and the reinforcing mesh of the two shear wall formwork are fixedly connected in the concrete to form main reinforcing steel bars in the shear wall structure, the thickness and the distribution density of the relevant reinforcing steel bars can be selected according to requirements to adapt to the stress requirements of the shear wall body, and no additional construction reinforcing steel bar is required to be arranged in a non-node area of the shear wall structure.
Connecting steel bars can be arranged at the connecting parts between the steel bar truss solid templates according to the needs, and the steel bar connecting frames which are respectively suitable for various nodes are preferably adopted.
The reinforcing mesh of the reinforcing truss fixing template and the reinforcing truss are spaced apart from the face plate, and the spacing is supported and limited by the spacers 140, so that the effective concrete protection layer thickness is formed on the outer sides of the reinforcing mesh and the reinforcing truss, the reinforcing mesh and the reinforcing truss are protected, and the reinforcing bar is wrapped by the effective concrete protection layer even if the partial face plate is removed.
The steel bar truss solid formwork is not provided with a precast concrete layer, particularly is not provided with a precast concrete layer for the strength of the panel, so that the influence of storage and transportation and field installation due to overlarge weight is avoided, and corresponding equipment, process and time and space required by concrete curing are not required to be increased due to precast concrete. The production equipment and the process required for manufacturing the reinforcing steel bar truss fixed template are conventional machining equipment and process, and can be well suitable for factory production.
According to actual needs, an interface layer, an oxygen-isolating fireproof layer or an anticorrosive layer and the like can be sprayed on the steel bar truss fixing template, particularly the inner side surface of the panel.
The panel preferably adopts non-metal plate, also can adopt other materials or metal non-metal composite board. The non-metal panel can adopt a proper existing wall panel for building or other panels which are suitable for machining and can be used as a wall surface to meet the texture requirement of people on the wall surface, preferably also can be suitable for machining, and is beneficial to realizing mechanical and automatic machining.
For example, the panel can be made by taking wood flour or other biomass fine granular/powdery materials as a main raw material or one of the main raw materials, mixing the wood flour or other biomass fine granular/powdery materials with an inorganic material with binding capacity, and solidifying the mixture by a proper mode such as natural solidification or heating solidification to form a corresponding non-metal plate. Such non-metallic panels generally have suitable strength, do not deform, are suitable for machining such as cutting, punching and the like, and such panels used in construction in the background of the prior art generally have good flame retardant properties.
The thickness of the panel should be such as to provide the corresponding strength and installation requirements for finishing or related facilities, structures.
The mesh reinforcement is preferably located between the steel bar truss and the face plate.
The longitudinal reinforcing bars on the same reinforcing mesh are preferably located on the same plane and parallel to each other, and the transverse reinforcing bars are preferably located on the same plane and parallel to each other.
The transverse bars of the mesh reinforcement are preferably located on the near-panel side of the longitudinal bars, and preferably contact the lower chord of the steel bar truss. In this case, the spacer blocks are usually only arranged between the transverse bars and the face plate, and further preferably, a plurality of spacer blocks are usually arranged between each transverse bar and the face plate, and some of the transverse bars and the face plate may not be arranged between the spacer blocks according to actual requirements.
The number of the reinforcing steel bar nets is set to be any number according to actual needs, the reinforcing steel bar nets are usually one layer, the reinforcing steel bar nets can be one independent net sheet, and also can be formed by mutually splicing a plurality of independent net sheets, and the number of the reinforcing steel bar trusses is set to be any number according to actual needs, and the number of the reinforcing steel bar trusses is usually a plurality of, for example, two, three or four.
When a cushion block for limiting the distance between the reinforcing mesh and the panel is arranged between the reinforcing mesh and the panel, the side surface of the reinforcing mesh of the cushion block is preferably provided with a transverse reinforcing steel bar positioning groove, and the transverse reinforcing steel bar is arranged on the transverse reinforcing steel bar positioning groove on the cushion block which is contacted with the transverse reinforcing steel bar positioning groove, so that the assembling and the fixing of the reinforcing mesh are facilitated.
The transverse reinforcing steel bar positioning groove can be a rectangular groove, an arc groove, a V-shaped groove, a U-shaped groove or any other suitable form. When rectangular, the depth of the groove should generally be no greater than the diameter of the transverse bar; in the case of a circular arc groove, the groove depth should generally not be greater than the radius of the transverse reinforcement. The transverse steel bars are arranged on the corresponding transverse steel bar positioning grooves, so that the transverse steel bars are conveniently positioned, and the steel bar mesh assembly in the production of the steel bar truss formwork is facilitated.
For any one spacer block, at least one transverse steel bar is pressed on the spacer block, the transverse steel bar pressed on the spacer block is embedded into the groove on the upper surface of the spacer block, and part of the transverse steel bar is exposed out of the groove and protrudes out of the surface of the spacer block, so that effective contact with the corresponding lower chord steel bar of the steel bar truss is ensured, and the transverse steel bar is loosened between the spacer block and the steel bar truss.
The reinforcing mesh in the reinforcing mesh fixing plate of the reinforcing truss is clamped between the reinforcing mesh and the cushion block, so that the reinforcing mesh is convenient to process in a factory, and transverse reinforcing steel bars and longitudinal reinforcing steel bars which form the reinforcing mesh can be welded into an integral reinforcing mesh so as to facilitate processing operation.
Whether the transverse steel bars and the longitudinal steel bars in the steel bar truss fixing template extend out from the corresponding ends of the panels or not can be enabled as required, when the connecting steel bars are required to be formed in the corresponding direction, the transverse steel bars or the longitudinal steel bars in the direction do not extend out according to the connection requirement, and therefore storage, transportation and site construction are facilitated.
For example, it is preferable that both ends of the transverse reinforcing bars are not exposed from the edges of the corresponding ends of the panel, the upper ends of the longitudinal reinforcing bars are upwardly protruded from the top edges of the panel by a certain length, the protruded portions 124 serve as coupling bars in the corresponding direction, and the lower ends of the longitudinal reinforcing bars are not exposed from the bottom edges of the panel. The reinforcing steel bar truss fixing template can be used for the situation that nodes in the horizontal direction are connected through reinforcing steel bar connecting frames, and the connection between an upper layer and a lower layer is connected through connecting reinforcing steel bars extending upwards from the lower layer reinforcing steel bar truss fixing template.
The steel bar truss is generally arranged in a longitudinal direction (which refers to the longitudinal direction of the steel bar truss fixing template), and the lower chord of the steel bar truss is positioned on the near panel side of the upper chord and is parallel to the longitudinal steel bars of the steel bar mesh.
The number of the steel bar trusses in the steel bar truss fixing template is one or more, and the number can be set according to actual needs. When the number is a plurality, the steel bar trusses are parallel to each other.
The steel bar truss can adopt any appropriate prior art, generally, an upper chord rib 131, a lower chord rib 132 and a web rib 133 fixedly connected between the upper chord rib and the lower chord rib can be arranged, and the concrete shape can adopt any appropriate prior art, for example, in practice, a common steel bar truss is a triangular truss, the upper chord rib and the lower chord rib are distributed in a delta shape, the two sides of the common steel bar truss are respectively provided with the web rib connecting the upper chord rib and the lower chord rib at the corresponding side, the web ribs are roughly in a wave shape or a zigzag shape, the tops of the web ribs are welded on the upper chord rib, and the bottoms of the web ribs are welded on the lower chord rib at the corresponding side.
The lower chord steel bars in the steel bar truss are parallel to the longitudinal steel bars of the steel bar mesh and are not in contact with each other, and the longitudinal steel bars of the fixed template are formed together.
The steel bar truss can be arranged according to the specific conditions of the width, the stress and the like of the fixed template. When a plurality of steel bar trusses are arranged, the steel bar trusses are parallel to each other and have the same distance with the panel. In general, the steel bar trusses can be distributed at equal intervals.
The cushion blocks are preferably arranged at positions corresponding to the lower chord bars of the steel bar truss, and the number of the cushion blocks between the same lower chord bar and the panel is multiple.
The spacer may be secured to the panel in any suitable manner. For example, when a wood spacer is used, the spacer is preferably fastened to the panel by self-tapping screws 146 to facilitate machining, or other means such as bonding may be used to secure the spacer to the panel. Through the setting of cushion for form definite interval between reinforcing bar net and steel bar truss and the panel, the concrete of pouring is filled in this interval space, forms effectual concrete protective layer to the reinforcing bar, and specific thickness can be set for according to actual need.
The non-metal material used as the panel can also be used as a cushion block, and the cushion block of the material is easy to bond with the panel, easy to open a slot and punch, can adapt to fastening of self-tapping screws and the like, has similar processability with a cushion block prepared from pure wood, and is not easy to absorb water and deform. For convenience of expression, panels or mats made of wood-based materials prepared in the manner described above will be collectively referred to as wood panels or wood mats.
The cushion block can also be made of plastics and other suitable materials, and when the cushion block is provided with a clamping structure for fixing the lower chord rib of the steel bar truss, the cushion block is easy to manufacture by adopting the plastic materials, and the use effect is ensured.
The cushion block is arranged between the lower chord rib of the steel bar truss and the panel in a cushioning mode, the transverse steel bars of the steel bar net are arranged between the lower chord rib of the steel bar truss and the cushion block and are arranged on the steel bar positioning grooves on the side surface of the far panel of the cushion block, and are partially or basically completely sunk into the corresponding steel bar positioning grooves.
The number of the cushion blocks arranged between the same lower chord rib and the panel of the same steel bar truss is a plurality, and the cushion blocks are regularly distributed at equal intervals or unequal intervals along the extension direction of the lower chord rib.
Referring to fig. 9-12, connectors may be used to securely connect the steel trusses to the face sheets. Or, the steel bar truss and the cushion block are firmly connected together, and meanwhile, the cushion block and the panel are reliably and fixedly connected. All the parts in the steel bar truss fixing template are fixedly connected into a whole so as to be convenient to carry and hoist on site and ensure that the positions of all the parts are unchanged.
The shape and distribution of the connectors may be any suitable known technique.
A preferred embodiment of the connector is an inverted V-shaped connector, which is fastened to the corresponding steel bar truss, and two legs 162 at the bottom of the connector are fastened to the panel 110 by self-tapping screws 166 or other suitable means, and may be fixed to the spacer, and the spacer is fixed to the panel, as needed, so that the steel bar truss, the reinforced concrete, the spacer, and the panel are fixed as a whole.
The inverted V-shaped connecting piece is specifically constructed as follows: the body portion, or generally inverted V or U shape, is provided with two side plates 161, the bottom ends of which are provided with feet 162, preferably in the form of outwardly extending plates, which may be provided with through holes for passing screws, and in use, the connector is fastened to the corresponding steel bar truss, and the two feet at the bottom are fastened to the panel by self-tapping screws 166 or other suitable means, respectively, so as to fasten the steel bar truss, the steel bar or steel bar mesh between the steel bar truss and the bottom, and the spacer between the steel bar truss and the panel to the panel. The connecting piece and the installation mode thereof can be very suitable for the automatic processing of the fixed template.
Another preferred embodiment of the connecting piece is a U-shaped connecting piece, the overall shape of the connecting piece is U-shaped, the connecting piece adopts a buckle type and is provided with two opposite clamping plates 171, the two clamping plates are arranged in an inclined manner, the upper part of the clamping plate is small in distance, the lower part of the clamping plate is large in distance, the top end of the clamping plate is provided with an inward hook 172, and the lower chord bars on the two sides of the steel bar truss are respectively clamped in the clamping plates on the corresponding sides.
The specific configuration of such a connector may be: the two clamping plates are elastic clamping plates and are fixedly connected to the clamping plate panel 175, the distance between the upper parts of the two clamping plates is small, the distance between the lower parts of the two clamping plates is large, the hook 171 at the top end extends inwards, the clamping plate panel is fixedly arranged on the corresponding cushion block 140, the two clamping plates can also be directly and fixedly arranged on the cushion block, and in this case, the clamping plate panel and the panel are integrated without clear boundaries. The lower chord ribs 131 on two sides of the steel bar truss are respectively clamped in the clamping plates on the corresponding sides and enter the groove-shaped areas 173 below the bent hooks on the top ends of the corresponding clamping plates, the connecting piece is installed on the corresponding cushion blocks in appropriate modes such as screw fastening and bonding to form the connecting assembly with the cushion blocks, the connecting assembly can be fastened on the panel through self-tapping screws 176, the lower chord ribs on two sides of the steel bar truss are aligned with the two clamping plates and put down, the top ends of the two clamping plates can be opened by means of the gravity of the steel bar truss and fall between the two clamping plates, the lower chord ribs enter the groove-shaped areas formed by the clamping plates and the bent hooks on the top of the clamping plates, the clamping plates clamp the steel bar truss from two sides of the lower chord ribs on two sides by means of the elasticity of the clamping plates, the inclination angle, the sizes of each part.
The clamping plate panel is provided with through holes for mounting screws, and self-tapping screws can be used for directly tapping corresponding through holes without presetting the through holes and fastening the cushion block on the panel. The head expanding groove for accommodating the screw can be arranged at the upper part of the through hole, a vertical long groove 174 covering the expanding section can also be arranged, the self-tapping screw is screwed in the long groove, and the head for accommodating the self-tapping screw is in a long groove form, so that the self-tapping screw can be screwed in any position in the vertical direction, and the position of the self-tapping screw (or fasteners such as other screws) can be more easily and flexibly arranged in the long groove form than the independent expanding groove form, so that the assembling operation is convenient.
The U-shaped connecting piece preferably adopts a cushion block and clamping plate integrated structure, a clamping plate part and a cushion block part are formed in one step, and the cushion block and clamping plate integrated structure can be used as a cushion block with a clamping structure.
Another preferred embodiment of the connecting piece is the C-shaped connecting piece, the overall structure of which is C-shaped, the C-shaped connecting piece is divided into two symmetrical C-shaped connecting pieces, the two symmetrical C-shaped connecting pieces are used in a matched manner, the two symmetrical C-shaped connecting pieces are equivalent to cutting the U-shaped connecting piece from the middle, and are divided into a left part and a right part, which are respectively in a positive C shape and a reverse C shape, and are respectively called as a left connecting piece and a right connecting piece, each connecting piece is only provided with a single-side clamping plate on the corresponding side, the two connecting pieces are respectively used for clamping the corresponding lower chord bars on the left side and the right side of the steel bar truss, and for the same steel bar truss, the left connecting piece and the right connecting piece can be symmetrically arranged, also.
The left connecting piece and the right connecting piece are preferably of a cushion block and clamping plate integrated structure, an integrated connecting piece with a cushion block function and a connecting piece function is formed, and the integrated connecting piece can be a metal piece, a plastic piece or other materials.
The cushion block and the connecting piece can be selected according to actual requirements to realize a required connection mode. For example, in the reinforcing steel bar truss fixing formwork, the fixing connection mode of the reinforcing steel bar mesh, the reinforcing steel bar truss and the panel can be as follows: the steel bar truss is fixedly connected with the panel through the connecting piece, and then the steel bar mesh and the cushion block are clamped between the steel bar truss and the panel to realize fixation. In this case, the panel, the spacer, the mesh reinforcement and the steel bar truss may not be fixedly connected to each other. However, the cushion block can be fixed on the panel by means of adhesion, screw fastening, nailing and the like, so that the assembling operation is convenient, and the connection strength and reliability of the steel bar truss fixing template are improved.
When the reinforcing mesh and the panel are provided with the cushion blocks for limiting the distance, the reinforcing mesh, the steel bar truss and the panel in the steel bar truss fixing template can be fixedly connected in the following mode: the steel bar truss is fixedly connected with the cushion block through the connecting piece, the cushion block is fixedly arranged on the panel, and then the steel bar mesh is clamped between the cushion block and the steel bar truss. Due to the clamping effect, especially due to the fact that the positioning grooves matched with the transverse steel bars are formed in the cushion blocks, the steel bar net is difficult to move after being clamped, and the steel bar net does not need to be fixed additionally.
Under the connection mode, the inverted V-shaped connecting piece can be used for realizing the fixed connection of the steel bar truss and the panel and also can be used for realizing the fixed connection of the steel bar truss and the cushion block.
The U-shaped connecting piece or the C-shaped connecting piece can be used for fixedly connecting the steel bar truss with the cushion block, the left connecting piece and the right connecting piece are preferably arranged alternately or symmetrically in the vertical direction, and the single-side clamping plates of the left connecting piece and the right connecting piece are respectively clamped on the transverse outer sides of the lower chord ribs on the corresponding sides of the steel bar truss.
The U-shaped connecting member or the C-shaped connecting member integrated with the spacer block may be regarded as a clamping structure on the spacer block for connecting the steel bar truss, and the spacer block may be regarded as a spacer block provided with the clamping structure.
In order to facilitate the manufacturing and storage processes and to facilitate the integrity of the steel bar truss, in the manufacturing process of the steel bar truss fixed template, the cushion block is usually firstly placed at a set position on the panel, the cushion block is fixed on the panel through self-tapping screw fastening, nailing, bonding and the like, then the steel bar mesh is placed on the cushion block, the corresponding transverse steel bar on the steel bar mesh is placed on the steel bar positioning groove of the corresponding cushion block, so that the laying and positioning of the steel bar mesh are facilitated, then the steel bar truss is placed on the steel bar mesh, the steel bar truss is fastened with the panel through a connecting piece, or the corresponding lower chord is fixed through a clamping plate/clamping groove structure on the cushion block, so that the steel bar truss fixed template is formed.
In the manufacturing process of the steel bar truss fixing template, the panel is generally horizontally placed below, and the cushion block, the steel bar mesh and the steel bar truss are sequentially placed from bottom to top.
In the manufacturing process of the steel bar truss fixed template, the longitudinal steel bars and the transverse steel bars are welded into a net and then assembled, so that the integrity of the steel bar net is improved, the steel bars are prevented from moving or separating, the automatic processing is facilitated, the actions of a processing machine are reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
In the construction process, the supporting position of the steel bar truss fixed template is according to the design requirement.
For the shear wall body, the distance between the panels of the shear wall fixing templates on the two sides forms the thickness of the reinforced concrete shear wall body, the steel bars in the steel bar truss fixing templates and the steel bars of the steel bar connecting frames at the nodes form main steel bars of the shear wall body, and no additional steel bars are required to be arranged except a small amount of connecting steel bars required under certain conditions, so that the field effect is greatly facilitated, and the edge members (if any, the same below) and interlayer connection of the shear wall body can be realized according to the prior art.
The steel bar connecting frames are arranged in the shear wall body at the transverse connecting position and supported between the steel bar meshes of the two side fixed templates, the steel bar connecting frames can be used as supporting pieces between the two side fixed templates for carrying out tie supporting to ensure the distance between the two side fixed templates, and if necessary, cushion pieces can be arranged between the steel bar connecting frames and the steel bar meshes of the one side or two side shear wall fixed templates to form the required distance, and the cushion pieces can adopt any suitable forms such as the existing cushion block form and the like, and can be called as additional supporting pieces.
Generally, the steel bar connecting frames at the nodes of the wall body of the shear wall can be installed in place, and then the shear wall fixing templates positioned on the outer sides of the steel bar connecting frames are installed.
According to design requirements, a space which is usually smaller than 10mm is reserved between panels of horizontally adjacent shear wall fixing templates on the same side, the space can be used as an expansion joint and can facilitate installation operation, and after the fixing templates are installed and fixed, the fixing templates can be sealed from the gap by using adhesive tapes or other suitable objects.
The edge members and the interlayer connections of the shear wall bodies can be according to the prior art, and the connections between the shear wall bodies and other walls can also be according to the prior art.
The steel bar truss fixing template can be designed according to a plurality of standardized specifications of the steel bar truss fixing template, so that the industrial production is facilitated, and the steel bar truss fixing template can be adapted to the specifications as required during design and use during design and construction.
The concrete pouring and curing related to the invention can be carried out by adopting a conventional concrete pouring and curing mode, and the vibration can be carried out by adopting the conventional vibration mode. According to the prior art, mutual contact and consolidation of the poured concrete of each part at the joint part can be realized.
A plurality of vent holes can be formed in the face plate of the steel bar truss fixing formwork according to needs, so that internal bubbles formed in the concrete pouring and vibrating processes can be discharged conveniently.
The vent holes can be arranged before the steel bar truss fixed template leaves a factory. For example, holes may be drilled at positions near four corners of the face plate (for example, positions 15mm from each side edge), or holes may be drilled on site with an electric drill or the like at positions where air bubbles are likely to occur after the reinforcing steel bar truss fixing form plate is fixed on site.
The technical means disclosed by the invention can be combined arbitrarily to form a plurality of different technical schemes except for special description and the further limitation that one technical means is another technical means.
Claims (10)
1. The shear wall body is mainly composed of shear wall fixing templates positioned on two sides of the wall body and a shear wall concrete layer poured between the shear wall fixing templates on the two sides, the shear wall fixing templates adopt steel bar truss fixing templates, a panel of the shear wall fixing templates faces the outer side of the wall body, a steel bar truss faces the inner side of the wall body, a steel bar net and a steel bar truss on the shear wall fixing templates are fixedly connected in the shear wall concrete layer, the steel bar truss fixing templates comprise a panel and a steel bar net and a steel bar truss positioned on one side of the panel, the panel in the steel bar truss fixing templates forms a permanent template of the shear wall body, and the steel bar net and the steel bar truss in the steel bar truss fixing templates form steel bars in the shear wall concrete layer.
2. The formwork-free concrete shear wall structural building of claim 1, wherein the steel bar mesh in the steel bar truss formwork is positioned between the steel bar truss and the face plate, a cushion block for limiting the distance between the steel bar mesh and the face plate is arranged between the steel bar truss and the face plate, the cushion block is arranged between the lower chord of the steel bar truss and the face plate, and the number of the cushion blocks between the same lower chord and the face plate is multiple.
3. The formwork-free concrete shear wall structure building of claim 2, wherein the reinforcement mesh of the reinforcement truss formwork is formed by connecting a plurality of longitudinal reinforcements and a plurality of transverse reinforcements, the longitudinal reinforcements on the same reinforcement mesh are positioned on the same plane and are parallel to each other, the transverse reinforcements are positioned on the same plane and are parallel to each other, the transverse steel bars of the steel bar mesh are positioned on the near panel side of the longitudinal steel bars and are in contact with the lower chord steel bars of the steel bar truss, the steel bar truss is longitudinally arranged, the lower chord bars are positioned at the side close to the panel of the upper chord bars and are parallel to the longitudinal steel bars of the steel bar mesh, the number of the steel bar trusses in the steel bar truss fixing template is one or more, when the number is a plurality of, each steel bar truss is parallel to each other, the reinforcing bar net side surface of cushion is equipped with horizontal reinforcing bar constant head tank, horizontal reinforcing bar sets up rather than the contact on the horizontal reinforcing bar constant head tank on the cushion.
4. The formwork-free concrete shear wall structure building of claim 3, wherein in the reinforcing steel bar truss formwork, the reinforcing steel bar net, the reinforcing steel bar truss and the panel are fixedly connected in any one of the following modes:
the steel bar truss is fixedly connected with the panel through a connecting piece; or,
when a cushion block for limiting the distance is arranged between the reinforcing mesh and the panel, the reinforcing steel bar truss is fixedly connected with the cushion block through a connecting piece, and the cushion block is fixedly connected to the panel.
5. The construction of a form-free concrete shear wall structure of claim 4, wherein the connecting member is any one of:
the connecting piece is an inverted V-shaped connecting piece and is used for realizing the fixed connection between the steel bar truss and the panel or the fixed connection between the steel bar truss and the cushion block, the inverted V-shaped connecting piece is inverted V-shaped and is buckled on the corresponding steel bar truss, and two support legs at the bottom of the inverted V-shaped connecting piece are respectively and fixedly connected to the panel or the corresponding cushion block;
the connecting piece is a U-shaped connecting piece or a C-shaped connecting piece and is used for realizing the fixed connection of the steel bar truss and the cushion block, the U-shaped connecting piece is provided with a left clamping plate and a right clamping plate which are symmetrical to each other, the left clamping plate and the right clamping plate are connected to an integrated base or an independent base used as the cushion block, and the left clamping plate and the right clamping plate are respectively clamped at the transverse outer sides of the lower chord bars at the corresponding sides of the steel bar truss; the C-shaped connecting piece comprises a left connecting piece and a right connecting piece which are symmetrical to each other, the C-shaped connecting pieces of the two forms are used in a matched mode, the left connecting piece and the right connecting piece are respectively provided with single-side clamping plates on respective corresponding sides, the single-side clamping plates are connected to an integrated base or an independent base, the integrated base and the cushion block are integrated, the independent base is an independent piece and is fixedly connected to the cushion block, the left connecting piece and the right connecting piece are alternately arranged in the vertical direction or are symmetrically arranged, and the single-side clamping plates of the left connecting piece and the right connecting piece are respectively clamped on the transverse outer sides of lower chord ribs on the corresponding sides of the steel bar truss.
6. The formwork-free concrete shear wall structure building of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the steel bar truss fixing formworks are vertically arranged, the steel bar truss fixing formworks on two sides of the shear wall body are symmetrically arranged, the sizes of the opposite steel bar truss fixing formworks on the two sides are equal, and a gap is reserved between the steel bar truss fixing formworks on the same layer of the same wall surface.
7. The formwork-free concrete shear wall structure building of claim 6, wherein the connecting portions of the steel bar truss fixing formworks on the same layer on the same wall surface form a straight-line-shaped node of the wall body, a straight-line-shaped steel bar connecting frame is arranged in the wall body of the straight-line-shaped node, the straight-line-shaped steel bar connecting frame comprises connecting side vertical steel bars and stirrups, vertical projections of the stirrups are rectangular, the connecting side vertical steel bars are respectively positioned at four corners of the rectangular vertical projections of the stirrups and fixedly connected with the stirrups, the straight-line-shaped steel bar connecting frame is fixedly connected in the concrete layer of the shear wall at the corresponding portion, the left and right parts in the transverse direction respectively form two rectangular connecting portions in the corresponding direction, and each rectangular connecting portion respectively extends to the steel wire meshes of the steel bar truss fixing formworks on the wall bodies on the two sides of the connecting node;
when the T-shaped node exists in the wall body, a T-shaped steel bar connecting frame is arranged in the wall body of the T-shaped node, the T-shaped steel bar connecting frame is T-shaped and comprises three rectangular connecting parts distributed in a T shape, concealed column vertical steel bars distributed at four corners of the same rectangle are arranged at the intersection parts of the three rectangular connecting parts, connecting side vertical steel bars distributed at two corners of the end part of each rectangular connecting part are arranged at the outer end of each rectangular connecting part, the connecting side vertical reinforcing steel bars and the hidden column vertical reinforcing steel bars are connected into a whole through corresponding stirrups, the vertical projections of the stirrups are rectangular and respectively hooped on the corresponding connecting side vertical reinforcing steel bars, the hidden column vertical reinforcing steel bars or the connecting side vertical reinforcing steel bars and the hidden column vertical reinforcing steel bars, the T-shaped steel bar connecting frames are fixedly connected in the concrete layers of the shear walls at the corresponding positions, and each rectangular connecting part extends to a position between steel wire meshes of the steel bar truss fixing templates of the wall bodies on each side of the T-shaped node;
when the L-shaped node exists in the wall body, the L-shaped steel bar connecting frame is arranged in the wall body corresponding to the L-shaped node, the L-shaped steel bar connecting frame is L-shaped and comprises two rectangular connecting parts which are distributed in an L shape, concealed column vertical steel bars which are distributed at four corners of the same rectangle are arranged at the intersection part of the two rectangular connecting parts, the outer end of each rectangular connecting part is provided with connecting side vertical steel bars which are distributed at two corners of the end part of each rectangular connecting part, the connecting side vertical reinforcing steel bars and the hidden column vertical reinforcing steel bars are connected into a whole through corresponding stirrups, the vertical projections of the stirrups are rectangular and are respectively hooped on the corresponding connecting side vertical reinforcing steel bars and hidden column vertical reinforcing steel bars or the hidden column vertical reinforcing steel bars, the L-shaped steel bar connecting frames are fixedly connected in the concrete layers of the shear walls at the corresponding positions, and each rectangular connecting part extends to a position between steel wire meshes of the steel bar truss fixing templates of the wall body at each side of the L-shaped node;
when the cross-shaped nodes exist in the wall body, cross-shaped steel bar connecting frames are arranged in the wall body corresponding to the cross-shaped nodes, the cross-shaped steel bar connecting frame is cross-shaped and comprises four rectangular connecting parts which are distributed in a cross shape, hidden column vertical steel bars which are distributed at four corners of the same rectangle are arranged at the intersection parts of the four rectangular connecting parts, the outer end of each rectangular connecting part is provided with connecting side vertical steel bars which are distributed at two corners of the end part of each rectangular connecting part, the connecting side vertical reinforcing steel bars and the hidden column vertical reinforcing steel bars are connected into a whole through corresponding stirrups, the vertical projections of the stirrups are rectangular and respectively hooped on the corresponding connecting side vertical reinforcing steel bars, the hidden column vertical reinforcing steel bars or the connecting side vertical reinforcing steel bars and the hidden column vertical reinforcing steel bars, the cross-shaped steel bar connecting frames are fixedly connected in the concrete layers of the shear wall at the corresponding positions, and the rectangular connecting parts respectively extend to the steel wire meshes of the steel bar truss fixing templates of the wall bodies on the sides of the cross-shaped nodes.
8. The construction of a form-free concrete shear wall according to claim 6, wherein when a plurality of layers of the steel bar truss fixing forms are provided on the same wall surface, a space is left between the panels of the upper and lower adjacent steel bar truss fixing forms, the lower ends of the vertical steel bars in the steel bar nets of the steel bar truss fixing forms do not exceed the corresponding end edges of the panels, the upper ends of the vertical steel bars in the steel bar nets of the steel bar truss fixing forms extend upwards beyond the corresponding end edges of the panels to form connecting steel bars for connection with the upper-layer.
9. A method for constructing a form-removal-free concrete shear wall structure building, which is used for constructing the form-removal-free concrete shear wall structure building as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the construction of the shear wall body comprises the following construction steps:
installing a template: installing reinforcing steel bar truss fixing templates on two sides, serving as shear wall fixing templates, in place, wherein a panel of each reinforcing steel bar truss fixing template faces outwards, a reinforcing steel bar truss faces inwards, each reinforcing steel bar truss fixing template comprises a panel, and a reinforcing steel bar net and a reinforcing steel bar truss which are located on the inner side of the panel, and the reinforcing steel bar net, the reinforcing steel bar truss and the panel are connected into a whole;
fixing the templates on two sides: the steel bar truss fixing templates on two sides are fixed through the drawknot pieces and the supporting pieces in a drawknot manner;
pouring concrete: pouring concrete between the reinforcing steel bar truss fixed templates on the two sides;
wall body maintenance: the cast-in-place concrete is maintained according to the requirement,
in the step of installing the templates, the reinforcing steel bar truss fixed templates on the two sides of the wall body are symmetrically arranged, the sizes of the panels of the reinforcing steel bar truss fixed templates on the two opposite sides are equal, a gap is reserved between the horizontally adjacent reinforcing steel bar truss fixed templates on the same side,
the connecting parts of the reinforcing steel truss fixing templates on the same layer on the same wall surface form a linear node of the shear wall body, a linear reinforcing steel bar connecting frame is arranged at the linear node, two rectangular connecting parts of the linear node reinforcing steel bar connecting frame are respectively arranged between steel wire meshes of the reinforcing steel truss fixing templates on the wall bodies on two sides of the node, and the linear node reinforcing steel bar connecting frame is installed in place before the adjacent reinforcing steel truss fixing templates are erected;
when a T-shaped node exists in a wall body, a T-shaped steel bar connecting frame is arranged at the T-shaped node, three rectangular connecting parts of the T-shaped node steel bar connecting frame are respectively arranged between steel wire meshes of steel bar truss fixing templates of the wall body on each side of the node, and the T-shaped node steel bar connecting frame is installed in place before adjacent steel bar truss fixing templates are erected;
when an L-shaped node exists in a wall body, an L-shaped steel bar connecting frame is arranged at the L-shaped node, two rectangular connecting parts of the L-shaped node steel bar connecting frame are respectively arranged between steel wire meshes of steel bar truss fixing templates of the wall body on each side of the node, and the L-shaped node steel bar connecting frame is installed in place before adjacent steel bar truss fixing templates are erected;
when a cross node exists in the wall body, a cross steel bar connecting frame is arranged at the cross node, four rectangular connecting parts of the cross node steel bar connecting frame are respectively arranged between steel wire meshes of steel bar truss fixing templates of the wall body at each side of the node, the cross node steel bar connecting frame is firstly installed in place before adjacent steel bar truss fixing templates are erected,
in the step of fixing the formworks, corresponding rectangular connecting parts of the steel bar connecting frames positioned at the nodes are used as supporting pieces to limit the distance between the steel bar truss fixing formworks on the two sides of the wall body, when the thickness of the corresponding rectangular connecting parts is smaller than the set distance between the steel wire meshes of the steel bar truss fixing formworks on the two sides of the wall body, additional supporting pieces are additionally arranged, and the additional supporting pieces are padded between the rectangular connecting parts and the steel wire meshes on one side or between the rectangular connecting parts and the steel wire meshes on the two sides.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the steel bars of the steel bar truss formwork and the steel bars of the steel bar connecting frame are used as the wall steel bars of the shear wall, no additional construction steel bars are needed to be arranged in the main body part of the shear wall, and the face plate of the steel bar truss formwork is fixedly connected to the surface of the concrete layer of the shear wall to be used as a part of the wall body without being dismantled.
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