CN111074287B - Multistage electrolysis method - Google Patents

Multistage electrolysis method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111074287B
CN111074287B CN201911298030.4A CN201911298030A CN111074287B CN 111074287 B CN111074287 B CN 111074287B CN 201911298030 A CN201911298030 A CN 201911298030A CN 111074287 B CN111074287 B CN 111074287B
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plate
cooling
outlet
electrolytic
liquid
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CN111074287A (en
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童路
孙万仓
贺旭明
张�成
王娅辉
崔少平
段飚王
王海波
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China Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd
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Xi'an United Pressure Vessel Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a multistage electrolysis method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, assembling an electrode plate mechanism; secondly, installing a guide plate; thirdly, connecting the electrode plate mechanism with the tank body; fourthly, injecting electrolyte; and fifthly, electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution to form a tetravalent uranium solution. The method has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable design, low cost and convenient and fast electrolysis process operation, the hexavalent uranium solution is formed into the tetravalent uranium solution through multi-stage electrolysis, a plurality of electrode polar plates are isolated and completely isolated from the wall plate of the electrolytic cell, the short circuit of the electrode polar plates is avoided, and the safety and reliability are high.

Description

Multistage electrolysis method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolysis, and particularly relates to a multistage electrolysis method.
Background
The electrolytic cell is mainly used for preparing qualified uranium-containing solution and providing reducing agent for other systems. The traditional electrolytic cell only has a temperature measuring device, can not effectively control the temperature in electrolysis, has large use limitation and has high requirement on the surrounding use environment. Each level of the tank body bottom drain port needs to be provided with an independent valve to control the drain port, so that hazardous waste leakage points are more, and the bottom is not suitable for overhauling and investigation. Because the electrolytic cell has a plurality of electrode plates with short distance, the traditional distance between the electrode plates has large deviation, the general depth of the cell body is large, the short circuit of the electrode plates is easily caused during installation and use, the number of electrode connecting cover plates is large, and the positioning precision is poor. And the electrolytic cell is long in service time due to special use working conditions, the electrodes are easy to contact with the electrolytic cell wall plate, the electrodes and the partition plate due to slight shaking, short circuits are caused, insulated connection is not adopted among pipelines, safety is poor, and the electrolytic effect is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a multistage electrolysis method aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable design, low cost, convenient and fast operation of the electrolysis process, controllable electrolysis temperature and uniform electrolysis speed, the hexavalent uranium solution is formed into the tetravalent uranium solution through multistage electrolysis, a plurality of electrode plates are isolated and completely isolated from the wall plate of the electrolysis cell, the short circuit of the electrode plates is avoided, the safety and reliability are high, and the electrolysis effect is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a multi-stage electrolysis method is characterized in that an electrolysis bath adopted by the electrolysis method comprises a bracket, an electrolysis bath mechanism arranged on the bracket and a cooling mechanism arranged on the electrolysis bath mechanism in a surrounding manner, wherein the electrolysis bath mechanism comprises a bath body, two liquid inlet and outlet parts connected with the bath body, two exhaust parts connected with the bath body, a liquid reverse sucking part connected with the bottom of the bath body and a cover plate arranged at the top of the bath body, a plurality of partition plates are arranged in the bath body, the partition plates divide an inner cavity of the bath body into a plurality of electrolysis baths, and the number of the electrolysis baths is even;
the two liquid inlet and outlet components are respectively a first liquid inlet and outlet component arranged on one side surface of the tank body and a second liquid inlet and outlet component arranged on the other opposite side surface of the tank body, the electrolytic tank comprises an end electrolytic tank, a middle electrolytic tank and another end electrolytic tank, the number of the middle electrolytic tanks is multiple, the inlet of the first liquid inlet and outlet component and the outlet of the second liquid inlet and outlet component are communicated with the end electrolytic tank, and the outlet of the first liquid inlet and outlet component and the inlet of the second liquid inlet and outlet component are communicated with the other end electrolytic tank;
the electrolysis method is characterized in that the electrolysis method comprises the following steps:
step one, assembling an electrode plate mechanism:
step 101, a middle upper part through hole and a bottom through hole are formed in a first cathode plate and a second cathode plate, first stop blocks are symmetrically arranged on two side surfaces of the upper end of the first cathode plate, second stop blocks are symmetrically arranged on two side surfaces of the upper end of an anode plate, and third stop blocks are symmetrically arranged on two side surfaces of the upper end of the second cathode plate;
102, arranging a plurality of groups of positioning grooves on a cover plate; each group of positioning grooves is respectively a first positioning groove, a second positioning groove and a third positioning groove;
103, inserting the first cathode plate through the first positioning groove of the cover plate, extending the anode plate into the cover plate through the second positioning groove of the cover plate, and extending the second cathode plate into the cover plate through the third positioning groove of the cover plate; the first stop block, the second stop block and the third stop block are respectively clamped in the L-shaped grooves;
104, mounting bottom locking blocks at the bottoms of the first cathode plate, the anode plate and the second cathode plate, and mounting middle-upper locking blocks at the middle upper parts of the first cathode plate, the anode plate and the second cathode plate;
105, repeating the steps 103 to 104 for multiple times to finish the assembly of the electrode plate mechanisms;
step two, installation of a guide plate:
step 201, marking the electrolytic cell as a 1 st electrolytic cell, a 2 nd electrolytic cell, an ith electrolytic cell, and an nth electrolytic cell in sequence according to the sequence from one inner side surface of the electrolytic cell to the other inner side surface of the electrolytic cell; wherein i and n are positive integers, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; wherein, the 1 st electrolytic tank is communicated with the first liquid supply pipe;
202, installing an inlet guide plate in the 1 st electrolytic tank and close to an electrolyte inlet, and installing an outlet guide plate in the 1 st electrolytic tank and close to an electrolyte outlet; wherein, the first bulge on the inlet guide plate is fixed on the inner side surface of one end of the 1 st electrolytic cell, and the second bulge on the outlet guide plate is fixed on the inner side surface of the other end of the 1 st electrolytic cell;
step 203, installing an inlet guide plate in the 2 nd electrolytic tank and close to the electrolyte inlet, and installing an outlet guide plate in the 2 nd electrolytic tank and close to the electrolyte outlet; wherein, the first bulge on the inlet guide plate is fixed on the inner side surface of the other end of the 2 nd electrolytic cell, and the second bulge on the outlet guide plate is fixed on the inner side surface of one end of the 2 nd electrolytic cell;
204, repeating the steps 202 to 203 for a plurality of times until the installation of the guide plate in the nth electrolytic cell is completed;
step three, connecting the plate electrode mechanism with the tank body:
301, mounting lifting rings at four corners of the top of the cover plate;
302, hoisting the assembled electrode plate mechanism through a hoisting ring, respectively arranging a plurality of electrode plate mechanisms into a plurality of electrolytic cells, and installing a cover plate at the top of the cell body;
step four, injecting electrolyte:
injecting a hexavalent uranium solution through a first liquid supply pipe in the first liquid inlet and outlet part;
step five, electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution to form a tetravalent uranium solution:
step 501, in each electrode plate mechanism, connecting the positive electrode of a direct current power supply with an anode plate, and connecting the negative electrode of the direct current power supply with a first cathode plate and a second cathode plate;
502, operating a direct-current power supply to supply power, and electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution in the 1 st electrolytic tank by using an anode plate, a first cathode plate and a second cathode plate to obtain a first-stage electrolyzed solution;
step 503, feeding the first-stage electrolyzed solution into a 2 nd electrolytic tank, and electrolyzing the first-stage electrolyzed solution in the 2 nd electrolytic tank by using an anode plate, a first cathode plate and a second cathode plate to obtain a second-stage electrolyzed solution;
step 504, repeating step 503 for multiple times, wherein the i-1-level electrolyzed solution in the ith electrolytic tank is electrolyzed by the anode plate, the first cathode plate and the second cathode plate to obtain an i-level electrolyzed solution;
505, repeating the step 504 for multiple times until the anode plate, the first cathode plate and the second cathode plate electrolyze the n-1-grade electrolyzed solution in the nth electrolytic cell to obtain n-grade electrolyzed solution, and then obtaining a uranium solution; wherein, the temperature of the electrolysis is reduced by a cooling mechanism in the process of electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution;
and 507, discharging the tetravalent uranium solution through a first liquid outlet pipe in the first liquid inlet and outlet part, and finishing the electrolysis of the hexavalent uranium solution.
The multistage electrolysis method is characterized in that: when the electrolytic cell is maintained, a vacuum pump is connected to a liquid suction port of the liquid suction main pipe to discharge the electrolyte in the cell body;
in the process of electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution, a temperature sensor is inserted through a temperature measuring pipe through a temperature measuring port, and the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the side wall of the tank body so as to enable the temperature of the side wall of the tank body to be 45-55 ℃, and further enable the temperature of the electrolytic tank to be 45-55 ℃.
The multistage electrolysis method is characterized in that: when the electrolysis temperature is reduced through a cooling mechanism in the process of electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution, when the temperature is reduced through cooling water, the cooling water is continuously introduced into a first cooling layer through a cooling lower port and a cooling lower pipe, the cooling water introduced into the first cooling layer enters a second cooling layer through a first communicating hole, the introduced cooling water in the second cooling layer enters a third cooling layer through a second communicating hole, the introduced cooling water in the third cooling layer is discharged through a cooling upper pipe and a cooling upper port, and the bath body is cooled so that the temperature of the side wall of the bath body is 45-55 ℃;
when compressed air is introduced, compressed air is introduced into the third cooling layer through the upper cooling port end and the upper cooling pipe, the compressed air introduced into the third cooling layer enters the second cooling layer through the second communicating hole, the compressed air introduced into the second cooling layer enters the first cooling layer through the first communicating hole, the compressed air introduced into the first cooling layer is discharged through the lower cooling pipe and the lower cooling port, and the tank body is cooled, so that the temperature of the side wall of the tank body is 45-55 ℃.
The multistage electrolysis method is characterized in that: when compressed air is introduced, the temperature of the inlet compressed air is 20-25 ℃, and the temperature of the outlet compressed air is 30-35 ℃;
when cooling water is introduced, the temperature of the inlet cooling water is 15-20 ℃, and the temperature of the outlet cooling water is 20-25 ℃.
The above electrolytic method is characterized in that: the direct current power supply is a 10V direct current power supply, the hexavalent uranium solution is formed by mixing uranyl nitrate and water, the concentration of the uranyl nitrate in the hexavalent uranium solution is 200 g/L-250 g/L, and H of the hexavalent uranium solution+The ion concentration is 1.0 mol/L-2.5 mol/L;
the flow rate of continuously injecting the hexavalent uranium solution through a first liquid supply pipe in the first liquid inlet and outlet part is 7.5L/L;
in the process of electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution, the pressure in the electrolytic bath is-18 kPa-2 kPa;
the first negative plate and the second negative plate are both titanium plates, the positive plate is a titanium screen plate, and platinum with the thickness of 2-5 mu m is plated on the titanium screen plate.
The multistage electrolysis method is characterized in that: the first liquid inlet and outlet part and the second liquid inlet and outlet part are arranged on two opposite outer side surfaces of the cell body, the first liquid inlet and outlet part comprises a first liquid supply pipe connected with one end part electrolytic cell, a first communicating pipe connected with two adjacent middle electrolytic cells and a first liquid outlet pipe connected with the other end part electrolytic cell, the second liquid inlet and outlet part comprises a second liquid supply pipe connected with the other end part electrolytic cell, a second communicating pipe connected with two adjacent middle electrolytic cells and a second liquid outlet pipe connected with one end part electrolytic cell, liquid supply ports are arranged at the end parts of the first liquid supply pipe and the second liquid supply pipe, and liquid outlet ports are arranged at the end parts of the first liquid outlet pipe and the second liquid outlet pipe;
the two exhaust parts are identical in structure and comprise exhaust branch pipes connected with the electrolytic cells and exhaust main pipes connected with the exhaust branch pipes, and exhaust ports are formed in the end portions of the exhaust main pipes.
The multistage electrolysis method is characterized in that: the liquid-absorbing part comprises liquid-absorbing branch pipes communicated with the plurality of electrolytic tanks and a liquid-absorbing main pipe connected with the plurality of liquid-absorbing branch pipes, the end part of the liquid-absorbing main pipe is provided with a liquid-absorbing port, the bottom of each liquid-absorbing branch pipe extends to the bottom end of each electrolytic tank, and the liquid-absorbing branch pipes extend to the top of the side surface of the tank body through the side surface of the tank body;
the cooling mechanism comprises a first cooling layer, a second cooling layer and a third cooling layer which are sleeved on the outer side surface of the tank body and are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, a cooling lower pipe is arranged on the first cooling layer, a cooling lower port is arranged at the end part of the cooling lower pipe, a bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the first cooling layer, a first connecting plate is arranged between the first cooling layer and the second cooling layer, a second connecting plate is arranged between the second cooling layer and the third cooling layer, a top plate is arranged on the top plate of the third cooling layer, and a first cooling cavity is defined by the first cooling layer, the bottom plate, the first connecting plate and the outer side wall of the tank body; the second cooling layer, the first connecting plate, the second connecting plate and the outer side wall of the tank body form a second cooling cavity; the third cooling layer, the second connecting plate, the top plate and the outer side wall of the tank body form a third cooling cavity; the opposite inner side face, far away from the cooling lower pipe, of the first connecting plate is provided with a first communication hole, and the opposite inner side face, far away from the first communication hole, of the second connecting plate is provided with a second communication hole.
The multistage electrolysis method is characterized in that: the inlet guide plates and the outlet guide plates in two adjacent electrolytic cells are arranged in a staggered manner, and gaps are arranged between the inlet guide plates and the outlet guide plates and the inner side surfaces of the electrolytic cells;
the inlet guide plate is provided with a plurality of first bulges and first guide holes which are distributed along the length direction of the inlet guide plate, and the cross section of each first guide hole from the two ends of the inlet guide plate to the middle of the inlet guide plate is gradually increased;
the outlet guide plate is provided with a plurality of second bulges and second guide holes which are distributed along the length direction of the outlet guide plate, and the bottom of the outlet guide plate is provided with a rectangular through hole.
The multistage electrolysis method is characterized in that: the bottom locking block comprises a first locking block body, and a first lower positioning groove, a second lower positioning groove and a third lower positioning groove which are arranged in the first locking block body, wherein lower mounting holes are symmetrically formed in two sides of the first locking block body, and the bottoms of the first lower positioning groove, the second lower positioning groove and the third lower positioning groove are lower than the bottom of the first locking block body;
well upper portion latch segment includes in the second latch segment body and sets up constant head tank in first in the second latch segment body, constant head tank and the third in the constant head tank, second latch segment body bilateral symmetry is provided with well mounting hole, constant head tank and third in constant head tank, the second in the first constant head tank extend to first latch segment body top and bottom.
The multistage electrolysis method is characterized in that: the first positioning groove, the second positioning groove and the third positioning groove are symmetrically provided with L-shaped grooves close to two sides of the top of the cover plate;
the temperature measuring pipe is arranged on the tank body, and a temperature measuring port is arranged on the temperature measuring pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method has simple steps, reasonable design and simple and convenient installation and layout.
2. The method has simple steps, reasonable design and convenient and fast electrolysis, and comprises the steps of firstly assembling the electrode plate mechanism, then installing the guide plate, and then connecting the electrode plate mechanism with the tank body; injecting hexavalent uranium solution as electrolyte; and finally obtaining n-grade electrolyzed solution after n-grade electrolysis of the n electrolytic cell to obtain the tetravalent uranium solution, wherein the tetravalent uranium solution is discharged through a first liquid outlet pipe in the first liquid inlet and outlet part or a second liquid outlet pipe in the second liquid inlet and outlet part to complete the electrolysis of the hexavalent uranium solution.
3. According to the invention, the first negative plate is inserted through the first positioning groove of the cover plate, the positive plate is inserted through the second positioning groove of the cover plate, the second negative plate is inserted through the third positioning groove of the cover plate, and the first stop block, the second stop block and the third stop block are respectively clamped in the L-shaped grooves, so that the primary positioning of the electrode plate mechanism in the assembling process is realized; then through first negative plate, anode plate and second negative plate bottom installation bottom latch segment, upper portion latch segment in upper portion installation in first negative plate, anode plate and second negative plate, realize the relocation once more of assembly in-process electrode plate mechanism to make a plurality of electrode polar plates keep apart and keep apart with the electrolysis cell wall board completely, avoid the electrode polar plate short circuit, electrolysis fail safe nature is high.
4. The inlet guide plate is arranged in the electrolytic cell and close to the inlet of the electrolyte, the outlet guide plate is arranged in the electrolytic cell and close to the outlet of the electrolyte, so that the uniform flow of one stage of the electrolyte to the other stage is ensured, the uniform electrolysis speed in the electrolytic cell is improved, and the utilization efficiency of the electrolyte is improved.
5. The electrolysis temperature is cooled through the cooling body in the electrolysis process, and then with electrolyte temperature accurate control, the electrolysis effect has been improved.
6. The method comprises the steps of electrolyzing a hexavalent uranium solution in a 1 st electrolytic tank through the anode plate, the first cathode plate and the second cathode plate to obtain a first-stage electrolyzed solution, feeding the first-stage electrolyzed solution into a 2 nd electrolytic tank, electrolyzing the first-stage electrolyzed solution in the 2 nd electrolytic tank through the anode plate, the first cathode plate and the second cathode plate to obtain a second-stage electrolyzed solution, and circulating the second-stage electrolyzed solution in sequence, so that multi-stage electrolysis is realized, and the electrolysis speed is improved.
In conclusion, the method has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable design, low cost and convenient and fast electrolysis process operation, the hexavalent uranium solution is formed into the tetravalent uranium solution through multi-stage electrolysis, a plurality of electrode plates are isolated and completely isolated from the wall plate of the electrolytic cell, the short circuit of the electrode plates is avoided, and the safety and reliability are high.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1 with the electrode plate mechanism, bracket and cover plate removed.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the cooling mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the tank body, the electrode plate mechanism and the flow guide mechanism of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an inlet baffle of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an outlet baffle of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the electrode plate mechanism and the locking mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the bottom locking block of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the upper locking block of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the cover plate of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of a first cathode plate of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an anode plate according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the configuration of the liquid supply port, liquid outlet port, liquid intake port, cooling down port or temperature measurement port of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
Figure 117687DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 14, the electrolytic cell adopted in the electrolytic method comprises a support 1, an electrolytic cell mechanism arranged on the support 1 and a cooling mechanism arranged on the electrolytic cell mechanism in a surrounding manner, wherein the electrolytic cell mechanism comprises a cell body 17, two liquid inlet and outlet parts connected with the cell body 17, two air exhaust parts connected with the cell body 17, a liquid back-suction part connected with the bottom of the cell body 17, and a cover plate 10 arranged on the top of the cell body 17, a plurality of partition plates 18 are arranged in the cell body 17, the partition plates 18 divide the inner cavity of the cell body 17 into a plurality of electrolytic cells 23, and the number of the electrolytic cells 23 is even;
the two liquid inlet and outlet components are respectively a first liquid inlet and outlet component arranged on one side surface of the tank body 17 and a second liquid inlet and outlet component arranged on the other opposite side surface of the tank body 17, the electrolytic tank 23 comprises an end electrolytic tank, a middle electrolytic tank and another end electrolytic tank, the number of the middle electrolytic tanks is multiple, the inlet of the first liquid inlet and outlet component and the outlet of the second liquid inlet and outlet component are communicated with the end electrolytic tank, and the outlet of the first liquid inlet and outlet component and the inlet of the second liquid inlet and outlet component are communicated with the other end electrolytic tank;
each electrolytic cell 23 is provided with an electrode plate mechanism, flow guide mechanisms symmetrically arranged at two ends of the electrode plate mechanism, and a locking mechanism for positioning the electrode plate mechanism, the cover plate 10 is provided with a plurality of groups of positioning grooves for inserting the electrode plate mechanisms, and the electrolytic method comprises the following steps:
step one, assembling an electrode plate mechanism:
step 101, arranging a middle upper through hole 20-2 and a bottom through hole 20-3 on a first cathode plate 20 and a second cathode plate 22, symmetrically arranging first stop blocks 20-1 on two side surfaces of the upper end of the first cathode plate 20, symmetrically arranging second stop blocks 21-1 on two side surfaces of the upper end of an anode plate 21, and symmetrically arranging third stop blocks 22-1 on two side surfaces of the upper end of the second cathode plate 22;
102, arranging a plurality of groups of positioning grooves on the cover plate 10; wherein each group of positioning grooves is respectively a first positioning groove 10-1, a second positioning groove 10-2 and a third positioning groove 10-3;
103, inserting the first cathode plate 20 through the first positioning groove 10-1 of the cover plate 10, extending the anode plate 21 through the second positioning groove 10-2 of the cover plate 10, and extending the second cathode plate 22 through the third positioning groove 10-3 of the cover plate 10; the first stop block 20-1, the second stop block 21-1 and the third stop block 22-1 are respectively clamped in the L-shaped groove 10-4;
104, mounting a bottom locking block 26 at the bottom of the first cathode plate 20, the anode plate 21 and the second cathode plate 22, and mounting a middle upper locking block 25 at the middle upper part of the first cathode plate 20, the anode plate 21 and the second cathode plate 22;
105, repeating the steps 103 to 104 for multiple times to finish the assembly of the electrode plate mechanisms;
step two, installation of a guide plate:
step 201, the electrolytic cell 23 sequentially marks the electrolytic cell 23 as a 1 st electrolytic cell, a 2 nd electrolytic cell, an ith electrolytic cell and an nth electrolytic cell according to the sequence from the inner side surface of the cell body 17 to the other inner side surface of the cell body 17; wherein i and n are positive integers, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; wherein the 1 st electrolytic cell is communicated with the first liquid supply pipe 16-1;
202, installing an inlet guide plate 19 in the 1 st electrolytic tank and close to an electrolyte inlet, and installing an outlet guide plate 24 in the 1 st electrolytic tank and close to an electrolyte outlet; wherein, the first bulge 19-1 on the inlet guide plate 19 is fixed on the inner side surface of one end of the 1 st electrolytic cell, and the second bulge 24-1 on the outlet guide plate 24 is fixed on the inner side surface of the other end of the 1 st electrolytic cell;
step 203, installing an inlet guide plate 19 in the 2 nd electrolytic tank and near the electrolyte inlet, and installing an outlet guide plate 24 in the 2 nd electrolytic tank and near the electrolyte outlet; wherein, the first bulge 19-1 on the inlet guide plate 19 is fixed on the inner side surface of the other end of the 2 nd electrolytic tank, and the second bulge 24-1 on the outlet guide plate 24 is fixed on the inner side surface of one end of the 2 nd electrolytic tank;
204, repeating the steps 202 to 203 for a plurality of times until the installation of the guide plate in the nth electrolytic cell is completed;
step three, connecting the plate electrode mechanism with the tank body:
step 301, installing lifting rings 28 at four corners of the top of the cover plate 10;
step 302, hoisting the assembled electrode plate mechanism through the hoisting ring 28, respectively loading the electrode plate mechanisms into the electrolytic cells 23, and installing the cover plate 10 at the top of the cell body 17;
step four, injecting electrolyte:
injecting a hexavalent uranium solution through a first liquid supply pipe 16-1 in the first liquid inlet and outlet part;
step five, electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution to form a tetravalent uranium solution:
step 501, in each electrode plate mechanism, connecting the positive electrode of a direct current power supply with an anode plate 21, and connecting the negative electrode of the direct current power supply with a first cathode plate 20 and a second cathode plate 22;
502, operating a direct-current power supply to supply power, and electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution in the 1 st electrolytic tank by using the anode plate 21, the first cathode plate 20 and the second cathode plate 22 to obtain a first-stage electrolyzed solution;
step 503, feeding the first-stage electrolyzed solution into a 2 nd electrolytic tank, and electrolyzing the first-stage electrolyzed solution in the 2 nd electrolytic tank by using the anode plate 21, the first cathode plate 20 and the second cathode plate 22 to obtain a second-stage electrolyzed solution;
step 504, repeating step 503 for multiple times, and electrolyzing the i-1 level electrolyzed solution in the ith electrolytic tank by the anode plate 21, the first cathode plate 20 and the second cathode plate 22 to obtain an i-level electrolyzed solution;
505, repeating the step 504 for multiple times until the anode plate 21, the first cathode plate 20 and the second cathode plate 22 electrolyze the n-1-stage electrolyzed solution in the nth electrolytic cell to obtain n-stage electrolyzed solution, and then obtaining a tetravalent uranium solution; wherein, the temperature of the electrolysis is reduced by a cooling mechanism in the process of electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution;
and 507, discharging the tetravalent uranium solution through a first liquid outlet pipe 14-1 in the first liquid inlet and outlet part, and finishing the electrolysis of the hexavalent uranium solution.
In the embodiment, when the electrolytic cell is maintained, the liquid suction port 5 of the liquid suction main pipe 6 is connected with a vacuum pump to discharge the electrolyte in the cell body 17;
in the process of electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution, a temperature sensor is stretched into the hexavalent uranium solution through a temperature measuring pipe 3 through a temperature measuring port 30, and the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the side wall of the tank body 17, so that the temperature of the side wall of the tank body 17 is 45-55 ℃, and the temperature of the electrolytic tank 23 is 45-55 ℃.
In the embodiment, when the temperature of electrolysis is reduced by a cooling mechanism in the process of electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution, when the temperature is reduced by cooling water, cooling water is continuously introduced into a first cooling layer 3-1 through a cooling lower port 2-1 and a cooling lower pipe 2, the cooling water introduced into the first cooling layer 3-1 enters a second cooling layer 3-2 through a first communication hole 3-8, the cooling water introduced into the second cooling layer 3-2 enters a third cooling layer 3-3 through a second communication hole 3-9, the cooling water introduced into the third cooling layer 3-3 is discharged through a cooling upper pipe and a cooling upper port end 13, and the bath body 17 is cooled so that the temperature of the side wall of the bath body 17 is 45-55 ℃;
when compressed air is introduced, the compressed air is introduced into the third cooling layer 3-3 through the cooling upper end 13 and the cooling upper pipe, the compressed air introduced into the third cooling layer 3-3 enters the second cooling layer 3-2 through the second communicating hole 3-9, the compressed air introduced into the second cooling layer 3-2 enters the first cooling layer 3-1 through the first communicating hole 3-8, the compressed air introduced into the first cooling layer 3-1 is discharged through the cooling lower pipe 2 and the cooling lower port 2-1, and the tank body 17 is cooled so that the temperature of the side wall of the tank body 17 is 45-55 ℃.
In the embodiment, when the compressed air is introduced, the temperature of the inlet compressed air is 20-25 ℃, and the temperature of the outlet compressed air is 30-35 ℃;
when cooling water is introduced, the temperature of the inlet cooling water is 15-20 ℃, and the temperature of the outlet cooling water is 20-25 ℃.
In this embodiment, the dc power supply is a 10V dc power supply, the hexavalent uranium solution is formed by mixing uranyl nitrate and water, the concentration of uranyl nitrate in the hexavalent uranium solution is 200 g/L-250 g/L, the H of the hexavalent uranium solution+The ion concentration is 1.0 mol/L-2.5 mol/L;
the flow rate of continuously injecting the hexavalent uranium solution through a first liquid supply pipe 16-1 in the first liquid inlet and outlet part is 7.5L/L;
in the process of electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution, the pressure in the electrolytic bath 23 is-18 kPa-2 kPa;
the first cathode plate 20 and the second cathode plate 22 are both titanium plates, the anode plate 21 is a titanium screen plate, and platinum with the thickness of 2-5 μm is plated on the titanium screen plate.
In this embodiment, it should be noted that the hexavalent uranium solution is continuously injected through the first liquid supply tube 16-1 of the first liquid inlet and outlet component during the electrolysis process.
In this embodiment, it should be noted that, in the actual use process, a hexavalent uranium solution may be injected through the second liquid supply tube 16-2 in the second liquid inlet and outlet component, and the electrolyzed tetravalent uranium solution is discharged through the second liquid outlet tube 14-2 in the second liquid inlet and outlet component.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the first liquid inlet and outlet component and the second liquid inlet and outlet component are arranged on two opposite outer side surfaces of the tank body 17, the first liquid inlet and outlet part comprises a first liquid supply pipe 16-1 connected with the left end electrolytic tank, a first communicating pipe 15-1 connected with two adjacent middle electrolytic tanks, and a first liquid outlet pipe 14-1 connected with the right end electrolytic tank, the second liquid inlet and outlet part comprises a second liquid supply pipe 16-2 connected with the right-end electrolytic tank, a second communicating pipe 15-2 connected with two adjacent middle electrolytic tanks, and a second liquid outlet pipe 14-2 connected with the left-end electrolytic tank, the ends of the first and second supply tubes 16-1 and 16-2 are provided with supply ports 33, the end parts of the first liquid outlet pipe 14-1 and the second liquid outlet pipe 14-2 are provided with liquid outlet ports 34;
the two exhaust parts have the same structure, each exhaust part comprises an exhaust branch pipe 12 connected with each electrolytic cell 23 and an exhaust main pipe 11 connected with the plurality of exhaust branch pipes 12, and an exhaust port 11-1 is formed in the end of each exhaust main pipe 11.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the suck-back component includes a liquid suction branch pipe 4 communicated with the plurality of electrolytic cells 23 and a liquid suction main pipe 6 connected with the plurality of liquid suction branch pipes 4, an end of the liquid suction main pipe 6 is provided with a liquid suction port 5, a bottom of each liquid suction branch pipe 4 extends to a bottom end of each electrolytic cell 23, and the liquid suction branch pipe 4 extends to a top of a side face of the cell body 17 through a side face of the cell body 17;
the cooling mechanism comprises a first cooling layer 3-1, a second cooling layer 3-2 and a third cooling layer 3-3 which are sleeved on the outer side surface of the groove body 17 and are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, a cooling lower pipe 2 is arranged on the first cooling layer 3-1, a cooling lower port 2-1 is arranged at the end part of the cooling lower pipe 2, a bottom plate 3-4 is arranged at the bottom of the first cooling layer 3-1, a first connecting plate 3-5 is arranged between the first cooling layer 3-1 and the second cooling layer 3-2, a second connecting plate 3-6 is arranged between the second cooling layer 3-2 and the third cooling layer 3-3, a top plate 3-7 is arranged on the top plate of the third cooling layer 3-3, a first cooling layer 3-1, a bottom plate 3-4, a second cooling layer 3-3, The first connecting plate 3-5 and the outer side wall of the groove body 17 enclose a first cooling cavity; a second cooling cavity is defined by the second cooling layer 3-2, the first connecting plate 3-5, the second connecting plate 3-6 and the outer side wall of the groove body 17; a third cooling cavity is defined by the third cooling layer 3-3, the second connecting plate 3-6, the top plate 3-7 and the outer side wall of the groove body 17; the opposite inner side surfaces of the first connecting plates 3-5 far away from the cooling lower pipe 2 are provided with first communicating holes 3-8, and the opposite inner side surfaces of the second connecting plates 3-6 far away from the first communicating holes 3-8 are provided with second communicating holes 3-9.
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, in this embodiment, the flow guide mechanism includes an inlet guide plate 19 disposed in the electrolytic cell 23 and close to the electrolyte inlet and an outlet guide plate 24 disposed in the electrolytic cell 23 and close to the electrolyte outlet, the inlet guide plate 19 and the outlet guide plate 24 in two adjacent electrolytic cells 23 are arranged in a staggered manner, and a gap is disposed between the inlet guide plate 19 and the outlet guide plate 24 and the inner side surface of the electrolytic cell 23;
the inlet guide plate 19 is provided with a plurality of first bulges 19-1 and first guide holes 19-2 which are distributed along the length direction of the inlet guide plate 19, and the cross section of the first guide holes 19-2 from the two ends of the inlet guide plate 19 to the middle of the inlet guide plate 19 is gradually increased;
the outlet guide plate 24 is provided with a plurality of second bulges 24-1 and second guide holes 24-2 distributed along the length direction of the outlet guide plate 24, and the bottom of the outlet guide plate 24 is provided with rectangular through holes 24-3.
As shown in fig. 7, 11 and 12, in the present embodiment, the electrode plate mechanism includes an anode plate 21, a first cathode plate 20 disposed on one side of the anode plate 21, and a second cathode plate 22 disposed on the other side of the anode plate 21, wherein two upper end side surfaces of the first cathode plate 20 are symmetrically provided with first stoppers 20-1, two upper end side surfaces of the anode plate 21 are symmetrically provided with second stoppers 21-1, and two upper end side surfaces of the second cathode plate 22 are symmetrically provided with third stoppers 22-1;
the locking mechanism comprises two bottom locking blocks 26 symmetrically arranged at the bottoms of the first cathode plate 20, the anode plate 21 and the second cathode plate 22 and two middle upper locking blocks 25 symmetrically arranged at the middle upper parts of the first cathode plate 20, the anode plate 21 and the second cathode plate 22.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, in the present embodiment, the bottom locking block 26 includes a first locking block 26-1, and a first lower positioning groove 26-2, a second lower positioning groove 26-3 and a third lower positioning groove 26-4 which are arranged in the first locking block 26-1, lower mounting holes 26-5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first locking block 26-1, and the bottoms of the first lower positioning groove 26-2, the second lower positioning groove 26-3 and the third lower positioning groove 26-4 are lower than the bottom of the first locking block 26-1;
the middle-upper locking block 25 comprises a second locking block body 25-1, a first middle positioning groove 25-2, a second middle positioning groove 25-3 and a third middle positioning groove 25-4 which are arranged in the second locking block body 25-1, middle mounting holes 25-5 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the second locking block body 25-1, and the first middle positioning groove 25-2, the second middle positioning groove 25-3 and the third middle positioning groove 25-4 extend to the top and the bottom of the first locking block body 26-1.
As shown in fig. 10, in this embodiment, each group of positioning grooves includes a first positioning groove 10-1, a second positioning groove 10-2, and a third positioning groove 10-3, and L-shaped grooves 10-4 are symmetrically formed at two sides of the first positioning groove 10-1, the second positioning groove 10-2, and the third positioning groove 10-3, which are close to the top of the cover plate 10;
the groove body 17 is provided with a temperature measuring pipe 3, and the temperature measuring pipe 3 is provided with a temperature measuring port 30.
In this embodiment, a support plate 6-1 is disposed between the trough body 17 and the liquid suction main pipe.
In this embodiment, the bilateral symmetry of cell body 17 is provided with connecting table 31, insert on the support 1 and be equipped with adapter sleeve 7, connecting table 31 passes through bolt fixed connection with adapter sleeve 7.
In this embodiment, the bottom of the bracket 1 is provided with an adjusting foot.
In this embodiment, the cover plate 10 is provided with hanging rings 28 at four corners of the top thereof.
In this embodiment, the tank 17, the cover plate 10, the partition plate 23, the liquid inlet and outlet member, the cooling mechanism, the flow guide mechanism, and the locking mechanism may be made of pure titanium or titanium alloy.
In this embodiment, the third cooling layer 3-3 is provided with a cooling upper pipe, and a port of the cooling upper pipe is provided with a cooling upper port end 13.
In this embodiment, the liquid supply port 33, the liquid outlet port 34, the liquid suction port 5, the cooling lower port 2-1, the temperature measurement port 30 and the cooling upper port 13 are all the same in structure.
As shown in fig. 13, in this embodiment, the liquid supply port 33, the liquid outlet port 34, the liquid suction port 5, the cooling lower port 2-1, the temperature measurement port 30, and the cooling upper port 13 all include a first flange 30-1, a second flange 30-2, first teflon sleeves 30-3 uniformly distributed along a circumferential direction of the first flange 30-1, second teflon sleeves 30-4 uniformly distributed along a circumferential direction of the second flange 30-2, a bolt 30-5 inserted through the first teflon sleeve 30-3 and the second teflon sleeve 30-4, and a lock nut 30-6 sleeved on an extending end of the bolt 30-5.
In the embodiment, the polytetrafluoroethylene sleeves are arranged in the liquid supply port 33, the liquid outlet port 34, the liquid suction port 5, the cooling lower port 2-1 and the temperature measuring port 30 to prevent electric leakage, so that the safety of personnel is ensured.
In this embodiment, set up cooling body and can cool down the cell body at the electrolysis in-process, and then with electrolyte temperature accurate control.
In the embodiment, the cooling mechanism is sleeved on the outer side surface of the groove body 17 and comprises a first cooling layer 3-1, a second cooling layer 3-2 and a third cooling layer 3-3 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, a bottom plate 3-4 is arranged at the bottom of the first cooling layer 3-1, a first connecting plate 3-5 is arranged between the first cooling layer 3-1 and the second cooling layer 3-2, a second connecting plate 3-6 is arranged between the second cooling layer 3-2 and the third cooling layer 3-3, a top plate 3-7 is arranged on the top plate of the third cooling layer 3-3, and a first cooling cavity is defined by the first cooling layer 3-1, the bottom plate 3-4, the first connecting plate 3-5 and the outer side wall of the groove body 17; a second cooling cavity is defined by the second cooling layer 3-2, the first connecting plate 3-5, the second connecting plate 3-6 and the outer side wall of the groove body 17; a third cooling cavity is defined by the third cooling layer 3-3, the second connecting plate 3-6, the top plate 3-7 and the outer side wall of the groove body 17; the cooling cavity can bear cooling liquid or compressed air of-0.1 MPa to 0.6MPa by layering and cavity-dividing arrangement, so that the bearing pressure range of the cooling cavity is improved, and the stable cooling of the cooling mechanism is ensured.
In the embodiment, the opposite inner side surfaces of the first connecting plates 3-5 far away from the cooling lower pipe 2 are provided with first communicating holes 3-8, the opposite inner side surfaces of the second connecting plates 3-6 far away from the first connecting plates 3-5 are provided with second communicating holes 3-9, and the opposite side surfaces of the first communicating holes 3-8 and the second communicating holes 3-9 are distributed, so that cooling liquid or compressed air in the cooling cavity can uniformly flow, and the uniformity of cooling the tank body is improved.
In this embodiment, a plurality of partition plates 18 are arranged in the tank body 17, the partition plates 18 divide the inner cavity of the tank body into a plurality of electrolytic tanks 23, and each electrolytic tank 23 is internally provided with an electrode plate mechanism, so that the electrolyte of one electrolytic tank 23 of two adjacent electrolytic tanks 23 continues to enter the next electrolytic tank 23 for electrolysis after being electrolyzed, and the electrolysis of the electrolyte can be completed sequentially through multi-stage electrolysis, thereby improving the electrolysis rate by realizing multi-stage electrolysis.
In this embodiment, the inlet guide plate 19 which is arranged in the electrolytic cell 23 and is close to the inlet of the electrolyte and the outlet guide plate 24 which is arranged in the electrolytic cell 23 and is close to the outlet of the electrolyte ensure that the flow of one stage of the electrolyte to the other stage is uniform, so that the electrolytic rate in the electrolytic cell is increased to be uniform, and the utilization efficiency of the electrolyte is increased.
In the embodiment, the first bulge 19-1 is arranged to install the inlet guide plate 19 on the inner side wall of the electrolytic tank 23, so that a gap is reserved between the inlet guide plate 19 and the inner side surface of the electrolytic tank 23, and the electrolyte is conveniently injected; the second protrusion 24-1 is provided to install the outlet baffle 24 on the inner side wall of the electrolytic cell 23, so that a gap is left between the outlet baffle 24 and the inner side surface of the electrolytic cell 23, thereby facilitating the flow of the electrolyte into the next stage of electrolytic cell.
In this embodiment, set up locking mechanism and fix a position electrode plate mechanism, keep apart the negative and positive plate on the one hand, on the other hand keeps apart negative and positive plate and electrolysis trough, avoids the electrode board short circuit to effectively solve the location problem between electrode board and the electrolysis trough, guarantee the safe operation of whole electrolysis trough, also provide the condition to accurate control electrolysis rate simultaneously.
In this embodiment, the first locking block 26-1 is provided with a first lower positioning groove 26-2, a second lower positioning groove 26-3 and a third lower positioning groove 26-4, so as to facilitate the insertion of the first cathode plate 20, the anode plate 21 and the second cathode plate 22, thereby separating the first cathode plate 20, the anode plate 21 and the second cathode plate 22 from each other, and realizing the isolation of the cathode plate and the anode plate; in addition, the bottoms of the first lower positioning groove 26-2, the second lower positioning groove 26-3 and the third lower positioning groove 26-4 are lower than the bottom of the first locking block 26-1, so that the electrode plate mechanism is installed in the electrolytic cell 23 and is isolated from the bottom of the electrolytic cell through the bottom of the first locking block 26-1;
meanwhile, a first middle positioning groove 25-2, a second middle positioning groove 25-3 and a third middle positioning groove 25-4 are arranged in the second locking block 25-1, so that the first cathode plate 20, the anode plate 21 and the second cathode plate 22 can be inserted conveniently, the first cathode plate 20, the anode plate 21 and the second cathode plate 22 are separated from each other in pairs, the isolation accuracy of the cathode and anode plates is improved through bottom locking positioning and middle and upper part locking positioning, in addition, the first middle positioning groove 25-2, the second middle positioning groove 25-3 and the third middle positioning groove 25-4 extend to the top and the bottom of the first locking block 26-1, so that the middle and upper part locking block 25 is inserted into the first cathode plate 20, the anode plate 21 and the second cathode plate 22, and the side surface of the cathode plate is completely isolated from the wall plate of the electrolytic cell;
secondly, a plurality of groups of positioning grooves for the electrode plate mechanism to insert are arranged on the cover plate 10, and each group of positioning grooves is respectively a first positioning groove 10-1, a second positioning groove 10-2 and a third positioning groove 10-3, the first positioning groove 10-1, the second positioning groove 10-2 and the third positioning groove 10-3 are provided to facilitate the installation of the first stopper 20-1 at the upper end of the first cathode plate 20, the second stopper 21-1 at the upper end of the anode plate 21 and the third stopper 22-1 at the upper end of the second cathode plate 22, the first stop block 20-1, the second stop block 21-1 and the third stop block 22-1 are respectively clamped in the L-shaped groove 10-4, so that the first cathode plate 20, the anode plate 21 and the second cathode plate 22 are positioned, the electrode mounting efficiency and mounting precision are improved, and the mounting and maintenance are convenient; in addition, the accuracy of the installation position of the electrode plate is further improved, the short circuit of the electrode plate is avoided, and the safety and reliability are high.
Finally, the electrode plate mechanism is positioned through the locking mechanism and the cover plate 10, so that the short circuit of the electrode plate is avoided, the positioning problem between the electrode plate and the electrolytic cell is effectively solved, the safe operation of the whole electrolytic cell is ensured, and meanwhile, conditions are provided for accurately controlling the electrolysis rate.
In this embodiment, the bottom end of the electrolytic bath 23 is provided with a reverse suction port 32. In the actual connection process, the intake manifold 4 is connected to the inverted intake port 32.
In this embodiment, each imbibition branch pipe 4 is connected with suck-back mouth 32, and imbibition branch pipe 4 is all concentrated by the imbibition total 6 discharge at cell body 17 top with the valve drainage device that original every grade of electrolysis trough set up, can adapt to the discharge of solution after accomplishing the injection of electrolyte and electrolysis through business turn over liquid part according to the linker principle, and simple structure compactness has reduced the leak point in addition.
In this embodiment, the first liquid inlet and outlet member and the second liquid inlet and outlet member are provided, on one hand, to facilitate the selection of the corresponding liquid inlet and outlet member for the injection of the electrolyte and the discharge of the electrolyzed solution according to the field installation requirements; in addition, the purpose is to improve the utilization effect of the electrolytic cell for standby.
In this embodiment, the middle upper parts of the first cathode plate 20 and the second cathode plate 22 are symmetrically provided with middle upper through holes 20-2, and the bottoms of the first cathode plate 20 and the second cathode plate 22 are symmetrically provided with bottom through holes 20-3.
In this embodiment, in the actual connection process, the first bottom locking screw extends to one side surface of the anode plate 21 through one lower mounting hole 26-5 and the bottom through hole 20-3, the second bottom locking screw extends to the other side surface of the anode plate 21 through the other lower mounting hole 26-5 and the bottom through hole 20-3, the first middle upper locking screw extends to one side surface of the anode plate 21 through one middle mounting hole 25-5 and the middle upper through hole 20-2, and the second middle upper locking screw extends to the other side surface of the anode plate 21 through the other middle mounting hole 25-5 and the middle upper through hole 20-2.
In this embodiment, the end surfaces of the extending ends of the first bottom locking screw and the first middle upper locking screw are both in close contact with one side surface of the anode plate 21; the end faces of the extending ends of the second bottom locking screw and the second middle upper locking screw are both in close contact with the other side face of the anode plate 21.
In this embodiment, the first cathode plate 20 extends into the electrode tank 23 through the first positioning groove 10-1, the anode plate 21 extends into the electrode tank 23 through the second positioning groove 10-2, and the second cathode plate 22 extends into the electrode tank 23 through the third positioning groove 10-3.
In this embodiment, the first stopper 20-1, the second stopper 21-1 and the third stopper 22-1 are all located in the L-shaped groove 10-4, and the top surfaces of the first stopper 20-1, the second stopper 21-1 and the third stopper 22-1 are flush with the top surface of the cover plate 10.
In conclusion, the method has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable design, low cost and convenient and fast electrolysis process operation, the hexavalent uranium solution is formed into the tetravalent uranium solution through multi-stage electrolysis, a plurality of electrode plates are isolated and completely isolated from the wall plate of the electrolytic cell, the short circuit of the electrode plates is avoided, and the safety and reliability are high.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A multi-stage electrolysis method is characterized in that an electrolysis bath adopted by the electrolysis method comprises a support (1), an electrolysis bath mechanism arranged on the support (1), and a cooling mechanism arranged on the electrolysis bath mechanism in a surrounding manner, wherein the electrolysis bath mechanism comprises a bath body (17), two liquid inlet and outlet parts connected with the bath body (17), two exhaust parts connected with the bath body (17), a liquid reverse sucking part connected with the bottom of the bath body (17), and a cover plate (10) arranged at the top of the bath body (17), a plurality of partition plates (18) are arranged in the bath body (17), the partition plates (18) divide an inner cavity of the bath body (17) into a plurality of electrolysis baths (23), and the number of the electrolysis baths (23) is even;
the two liquid inlet and outlet components are respectively a first liquid inlet and outlet component arranged on one side surface of the tank body (17) and a second liquid inlet and outlet component arranged on the other opposite side surface of the tank body (17), the electrolytic tank (23) comprises an end electrolytic tank, a middle electrolytic tank and another end electrolytic tank, the number of the middle electrolytic tanks is multiple, the inlet of the first liquid inlet and outlet component and the outlet of the second liquid inlet and outlet component are communicated with the end electrolytic tank, and the outlet of the first liquid inlet and outlet component and the inlet of the second liquid inlet and outlet component are communicated with the another end electrolytic tank;
the electrolytic cell is characterized in that each electrolytic cell (23) is internally provided with an electrode plate mechanism, flow guide mechanisms symmetrically arranged at two ends of the electrode plate mechanism and a locking mechanism for positioning the electrode plate mechanism, and the cover plate (10) is provided with a plurality of groups of positioning grooves for the electrode plate mechanisms to be inserted into, and the electrolytic method comprises the following steps:
step one, assembling an electrode plate mechanism:
step 101, a middle upper part through hole (20-2) and a bottom through hole (20-3) are formed in a first cathode plate (20) and a second cathode plate (22), first stop blocks (20-1) are symmetrically arranged on two side faces of the upper end of the first cathode plate (20), second stop blocks (21-1) are symmetrically arranged on two side faces of the upper end of an anode plate (21), and third stop blocks (22-1) are symmetrically arranged on two side faces of the upper end of the second cathode plate (22);
102, arranging a plurality of groups of positioning grooves on the cover plate (10); wherein each group of positioning grooves is respectively a first positioning groove (10-1), a second positioning groove (10-2) and a third positioning groove (10-3);
103, inserting the first cathode plate (20) through the first positioning groove (10-1) of the cover plate (10), extending the anode plate (21) into the cover plate through the second positioning groove (10-2) of the cover plate (10), and extending the second cathode plate (22) into the cover plate through the third positioning groove (10-3) of the cover plate (10); wherein the first stop block (20-1), the second stop block (21-1) and the third stop block (22-1) are respectively clamped in the L-shaped groove (10-4);
104, mounting bottom locking blocks (26) at the bottoms of the first cathode plate (20), the anode plate (21) and the second cathode plate (22), and mounting middle-upper locking blocks (25) at the middle upper parts of the first cathode plate (20), the anode plate (21) and the second cathode plate (22);
105, repeating the steps 103 to 104 for multiple times to finish the assembly of the electrode plate mechanisms;
step two, installation of a guide plate:
step 201, marking the electrolytic tank (23) as a 1 st electrolytic tank, a 2 nd electrolytic tank, an ith electrolytic tank, an nth electrolytic tank in sequence by the electrolytic tank (23) according to the sequence from one inner side surface of the tank body (17) to the other inner side surface of the tank body (17); wherein i and n are positive integers, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; wherein the 1 st electrolytic tank is communicated with the first liquid supply pipe (16-1);
202, installing an inlet guide plate (19) in the 1 st electrolytic tank and close to an electrolyte inlet, and installing an outlet guide plate (24) in the 1 st electrolytic tank and close to an electrolyte outlet; wherein, a first bulge (19-1) on the inlet guide plate (19) is fixed on the inner side surface of one end of the 1 st electrolytic tank, and a second bulge (24-1) on the outlet guide plate (24) is fixed on the inner side surface of the other end of the 1 st electrolytic tank;
step 203, installing an inlet guide plate (19) in the 2 nd electrolytic tank and close to the electrolyte inlet, and installing an outlet guide plate (24) in the 2 nd electrolytic tank and close to the electrolyte outlet; wherein, a first bulge (19-1) on the inlet guide plate (19) is fixed on the inner side surface of the other end of the 2 nd electrolytic tank, and a second bulge (24-1) on the outlet guide plate (24) is fixed on the inner side surface of one end of the 2 nd electrolytic tank;
204, repeating the steps 202 to 203 for a plurality of times until the installation of the guide plate in the nth electrolytic cell is completed;
step three, connecting the plate electrode mechanism with the tank body:
step 301, installing lifting rings (28) at four corners of the top of the cover plate (10);
step 302, hoisting the assembled electrode plate mechanism through a hoisting ring (28), respectively arranging the electrode plate mechanisms into a plurality of electrolytic cells (23), and installing a cover plate (10) at the top of the cell body (17);
step four, injecting electrolyte:
injecting a hexavalent uranium solution through a first liquid supply pipe (16-1) in the first liquid inlet and outlet part;
step five, electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution to form a tetravalent uranium solution:
step 501, in each electrode plate mechanism, connecting the positive electrode of a direct current power supply with an anode plate (21), and connecting the negative electrode of the direct current power supply with a first cathode plate (20) and a second cathode plate (22);
502, operating a direct-current power supply to supply power, and electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution in the 1 st electrolytic tank by using an anode plate (21), a first cathode plate (20) and a second cathode plate (22) to obtain a first-stage electrolyzed solution;
step 503, feeding the solution after the first-stage electrolysis into a 2 nd electrolytic tank, and electrolyzing the solution after the first-stage electrolysis in the 2 nd electrolytic tank by using an anode plate (21), a first cathode plate (20) and a second cathode plate (22) to obtain a solution after the second-stage electrolysis;
step 504, repeating step 503 for multiple times, and electrolyzing the i-1 level electrolyzed solution in the ith electrolytic tank by the anode plate (21), the first cathode plate (20) and the second cathode plate (22) to obtain an i-level electrolyzed solution;
505, repeating the step 504 for multiple times until the anode plate (21), the first cathode plate (20) and the second cathode plate (22) electrolyze the n-1-stage electrolyzed solution in the nth electrolytic cell to obtain n-stage electrolyzed solution, and then obtaining a uranium quadrivalent solution; wherein, the temperature of the electrolysis is reduced by a cooling mechanism in the process of electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution;
step 507, discharging the tetravalent uranium solution through a first liquid outlet pipe (14-1) in the first liquid inlet and outlet part to complete the electrolysis of the hexavalent uranium solution;
the inverted liquid absorption part comprises liquid absorption branch pipes (4) communicated with the plurality of electrolytic tanks (23) and a liquid absorption main pipe (6) connected with the plurality of liquid absorption branch pipes (4), liquid absorption ports (5) are formed in the end portion of the liquid absorption main pipe (6), the bottom of each liquid absorption branch pipe (4) extends to the bottom end of each electrolytic tank (23), and the liquid absorption branch pipes (4) extend to the top of the side face of the tank body (17) through the side face of the tank body (17);
the cooling mechanism comprises a first cooling layer (3-1), a second cooling layer (3-2) and a third cooling layer (3-3) which are sleeved on the outer side surface of the tank body (17) and are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, a cooling lower pipe (2) is arranged on the first cooling layer (3-1), a cooling lower port (2-1) is arranged at the end part of the cooling lower pipe (2), a bottom plate (3-4) is arranged at the bottom of the first cooling layer (3-1), a first connecting plate (3-5) is arranged between the first cooling layer (3-1) and the second cooling layer (3-2), a second connecting plate (3-6) is arranged between the second cooling layer (3-2) and the third cooling layer (3-3), and a top plate (3-7) is arranged on the top plate of the third cooling layer (3-3), the first cooling layer (3-1), the bottom plate (3-4), the first connecting plate (3-5) and the outer side wall of the tank body (17) enclose a first cooling cavity; a second cooling cavity is defined by the second cooling layer (3-2), the first connecting plate (3-5), the second connecting plate (3-6) and the outer side wall of the tank body (17); a third cooling cavity is defined by the third cooling layer (3-3), the second connecting plate (3-6), the top plate (3-7) and the outer side wall of the tank body (17); the opposite inner side faces, far away from the cooling lower pipe (2), of the first connecting plates (3-5) are provided with first communicating holes (3-8), and the opposite inner side faces, far away from the first communicating holes (3-8), of the second connecting plates (3-6) are provided with second communicating holes (3-9).
2. A multistage electrolysis process according to claim 1, wherein: when the electrolytic tank is maintained, a liquid suction port (5) of a liquid suction main pipe (6) is connected with a vacuum pump to discharge the electrolyte in the tank body (17);
in the process of electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution, a temperature sensor is inserted through a temperature measuring pipe (3) through a temperature measuring port (30), and the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the side wall of the tank body (17) so as to enable the temperature of the side wall of the tank body (17) to be 45-55 ℃, and further enable the temperature of the electrolytic tank (23) to be 45-55 ℃.
3. A multistage electrolysis process according to claim 1, wherein: when the electrolysis temperature is reduced by a cooling mechanism in the process of electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution, when the temperature is reduced by cooling water, the cooling water is continuously introduced into a first cooling layer (3-1) through a cooling lower port (2-1) and a cooling lower pipe (2), the cooling water introduced into the first cooling layer (3-1) enters a second cooling layer (3-2) through a first communicating hole (3-8), the cooling water introduced into the second cooling layer (3-2) enters a third cooling layer (3-3) through a second communicating hole (3-9), the cooling water introduced into the third cooling layer (3-3) is discharged through a cooling upper pipe and a cooling upper port end (13), and a tank body (17) is cooled so that the temperature of the side wall of the tank body (17) is 45-55 ℃;
when compressed air is introduced, the compressed air is introduced into the third cooling layer (3-3) through the cooling upper end (13) and the cooling upper pipe, the compressed air introduced into the third cooling layer (3-3) enters the second cooling layer (3-2) through the second communicating hole (3-9), the compressed air introduced into the second cooling layer (3-2) enters the first cooling layer (3-1) through the first communicating hole (3-8), the compressed air introduced into the first cooling layer (3-1) is discharged through the cooling lower pipe (2) and the cooling lower port (2-1), and the tank body (17) is cooled so that the temperature of the side wall of the tank body (17) is 45-55 ℃.
4. A multistage electrolysis process according to claim 3, wherein: when compressed air is introduced, the temperature of the inlet compressed air is 20-25 ℃, and the temperature of the outlet compressed air is 30-35 ℃;
when cooling water is introduced, the temperature of the inlet cooling water is 15-20 ℃, and the temperature of the outlet cooling water is 20-25 ℃.
5. The electrolytic process of claim 1, wherein: the direct current power supply is a 10V direct current power supply, the hexavalent uranium solution is formed by mixing uranyl nitrate and water, the concentration of the uranyl nitrate in the hexavalent uranium solution is 200 g/L-250 g/L, and H of the hexavalent uranium solution+The ion concentration is 1.0 mol/L-2.5 mol/L;
the flow rate of continuously injecting the hexavalent uranium solution through a first liquid supply pipe (16-1) in the first liquid inlet and outlet part is 7.5L/L;
in the process of electrolyzing the hexavalent uranium solution, the pressure in the electrolytic tank (23) is-18 kPa-2 kPa;
the first cathode plate (20) and the second cathode plate (22) are both titanium plates, the anode plate (21) is a titanium screen plate, and platinum with the thickness of 2-5 mu m is plated on the titanium screen plate.
6. A multistage electrolysis process according to claim 1, wherein: the first liquid inlet and outlet component and the second liquid inlet and outlet component are arranged on two opposite outer side surfaces of the tank body (17), the first liquid inlet and outlet component comprises a first liquid supply pipe (16-1) connected with one end part electrolytic tank, first communicating pipes (15-1) connected with two adjacent middle electrolytic tanks and a first liquid outlet pipe (14-1) connected with the other end part electrolytic tank, the second liquid inlet and outlet component comprises a second liquid supply pipe (16-2) connected with the other end part electrolytic tank, second communicating pipes (15-2) connected with two adjacent middle electrolytic tanks and a second liquid outlet pipe (14-2) connected with the one end part electrolytic tank, liquid supply ports (33) are arranged at the end parts of the first liquid supply pipe (16-1) and the second liquid supply pipe (16-2), the end parts of the first liquid outlet pipe (14-1) and the second liquid outlet pipe (14-2) are provided with liquid outlet ports (34);
the two exhaust parts are identical in structure and comprise exhaust branch pipes (12) connected with the electrolytic tanks (23) and exhaust main pipes (11) connected with the exhaust branch pipes (12), and exhaust ports (11-1) are formed in the end portions of the exhaust main pipes (11).
7. A multistage electrolysis process according to claim 1, wherein: inlet guide plates (19) and outlet guide plates (24) in two adjacent electrolytic tanks (23) are arranged in a staggered manner, and gaps are arranged between the inlet guide plates (19) and the outlet guide plates (24) and the inner side surfaces of the electrolytic tanks (23);
the inlet guide plate (19) is provided with a plurality of first bulges (19-1) and first guide holes (19-2) which are distributed along the length direction of the inlet guide plate (19), and the cross section of each first guide hole (19-2) from the two ends of the inlet guide plate (19) to the middle of the inlet guide plate (19) is gradually increased;
the outlet guide plate (24) is provided with a plurality of second bulges (24-1) and second guide holes (24-2) which are distributed along the length direction of the outlet guide plate (24), and the bottom of the outlet guide plate (24) is provided with rectangular through holes (24-3).
8. A multistage electrolysis process according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom locking block (26) comprises a first locking block body (26-1), and a first lower positioning groove (26-2), a second lower positioning groove (26-3) and a third lower positioning groove (26-4) which are arranged in the first locking block body (26-1), wherein lower mounting holes (26-5) are symmetrically formed in two sides of the first locking block body (26-1), and the bottoms of the first lower positioning groove (26-2), the second lower positioning groove (26-3) and the third lower positioning groove (26-4) are lower than the bottom of the first locking block body (26-1);
the middle-upper locking block (25) comprises a second locking block body (25-1), a first middle positioning groove (25-2), a second middle positioning groove (25-3) and a third middle positioning groove (25-4) which are arranged in the second locking block body (25-1), wherein middle mounting holes (25-5) are symmetrically formed in two sides of the second locking block body (25-1), and the first middle positioning groove (25-2), the second middle positioning groove (25-3) and the third middle positioning groove (25-4) extend to the top and the bottom of the first locking block body (26-1).
9. A multistage electrolysis process according to claim 1, wherein: the first positioning groove (10-1), the second positioning groove (10-2) and the third positioning groove (10-3) are symmetrically provided with L-shaped grooves (10-4) close to the two sides of the top of the cover plate (10);
the temperature measuring device is characterized in that a temperature measuring pipe (3) is arranged on the groove body (17), and a temperature measuring port (30) is arranged on the temperature measuring pipe (3).
CN201911298030.4A 2019-12-17 2019-12-17 Multistage electrolysis method Active CN111074287B (en)

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动态连续电解还原制备四价铀的研究;何阿弟 等;《核技术》;19981031;第21卷(第10期);第624-628页 *

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