CN111074069A - Surface tank leaching process for classified pile building - Google Patents
Surface tank leaching process for classified pile building Download PDFInfo
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- CN111074069A CN111074069A CN202010080272.2A CN202010080272A CN111074069A CN 111074069 A CN111074069 A CN 111074069A CN 202010080272 A CN202010080272 A CN 202010080272A CN 111074069 A CN111074069 A CN 111074069A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
- C22B3/08—Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/02—Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/22—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
- C22B3/24—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition by adsorption on solid substances, e.g. by extraction with solid resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/42—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B60/00—Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals
- C22B60/02—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides
- C22B60/0204—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium
- C22B60/0217—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes
- C22B60/0221—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching
- C22B60/0226—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors
- C22B60/0234—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors sulfurated ion as active agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B60/00—Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals
- C22B60/02—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides
- C22B60/0204—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium
- C22B60/0217—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes
- C22B60/0252—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries
- C22B60/0265—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries extraction by solid resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B60/00—Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals
- C22B60/02—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides
- C22B60/0204—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium
- C22B60/0217—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes
- C22B60/0252—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries
- C22B60/0278—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries by chemical methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
A surface tank leaching process for classified building includes crushing ores into different size grades by a crusher, carrying out grading treatment after screening and mixing, and carrying out zone heap leaching by a leaching tank of a surface tank leaching liquid reaction device for classified building; and then pumping the leaching solution in the solution preparation tank to a leaching tank for spraying through a liquid supply pump, adopting zone-strength-division spraying type solution distribution, conveying the leaching solution to a pregnant solution tank through a liquid discharge port, pumping the leaching solution to a high-level tank through a leaching lifting pump, allowing the leaching solution to enter an adsorption tower from the high-level tank for ion exchange, adopting three-tower series-connection forward flow leaching, conveying the leaching solution to a leaching agent high-level tank from a leaching agent preparation tank, performing three-tower series-connection countercurrent leaching at a certain flow rate to obtain qualified solution, returning the lean resin from the adsorption tower to the adsorption tower for recycling, conveying the qualified solution to a precipitation tower for precipitation, and finally performing filter pressing to obtain a finished product through a filter press, wherein the process is simple and the practicability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal ore leaching and smelting, in particular to a surface tank leaching process for classified stacking.
Background
The surface tank leaching method is a method in which leaching liquid is sprayed on a crushed and porous ore heap (waste rock), and during the percolation process, the waste rock or useful components in the ore heap are selectively dissolved and leached, and simultaneously the leaching liquid at the bottom of the leaching heap is collected to extract and recover metals. The surface tank leaching method is the most widely applied leaching mining method in China, can better recover useful components in low-grade ores, difficultly-mined ore bodies, difficultly-selected ores and waste rocks which cannot be recovered by the conventional mining method, and effectively widens the utilization range of underground mineral resources.
At present, the method is developed into an effective, economic and feasible method for treating lean ores, tailings and waste ores in large scale and extracting uranium, copper, silver and other metals in China. Compared with the traditional method, the surface tank leaching technology has the remarkable advantages of small environmental pollution, low production cost and the like, and has obvious economic benefit and social benefit and very wide application prospect. Although the metal yield extracted by the heap leaching method in China is increased year by year and is widely applied at home and abroad, a series of progress is made in the aspects of theoretical research, ore types, heaping, liquid distribution, metal recovery and the like, but the following problems still exist: the problems of high ore mud content, poor permeability, uneven solution distribution, low leaching rate of ore heap and the like directly influence the leaching effect and the continuous development of leaching mining in China, so the surface tank leaching technology needs to be continuously optimized.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a surface tank leaching process for classified heaping, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
The technical problem solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a surface tank leaching process for classified building includes the steps that firstly, ores are crushed into different size fractions by a crusher, grading processing is carried out after screening and mixing, then the ores of different size fractions are conveyed to a designated belt conveyor by an excavator, the belt conveyor conveys the ores crushed into a certain size to a leaching tank of a surface tank leaching liquid reaction device for classified building, partitioned heap leaching is carried out, and ore blocks of different size fractions are separated by a metal net; pumping the leaching solution in the solution preparation tank to a leaching tank through a liquid supply pump for spraying, adopting a partition strength spraying type solution distribution mode, conveying the leaching solution leached from the leaching tank to a pregnant solution tank through a liquid discharge port, pumping the leaching solution to a high-level tank through a leaching lifting pump, allowing the leaching solution output from the pregnant solution tank to enter an adsorption tower from the high-level tank for ion exchange, allowing the leaching solution to enter a first leaching tower, a second leaching tower and a third leaching tower for positive flow leaching, returning the lean resin to the adsorption tower for adsorption, conveying the leaching solution for three-tower series countercurrent leaching to a leaching solution high-level tank from a leaching solution preparation tank, allowing the leaching solution to enter the third leaching tower at a certain flow rate, performing three-tower series countercurrent leaching, allowing the leaching solution flowing out of the first leaching tower to be qualified solution, pumping the qualified solution to a precipitation tower for precipitation, and finally performing pressure filtration to obtain a finished product through a pressure filter, wherein the process is finished.
Further, with H2SO4And an oxidizing agent H2O2As a leaching solution.
Further, the ore is divided into block ore with the size of-20 mm to +5mm and powder ore with the size of + 1mm to 5mm by the ore screening and grading treatment.
Further, after the ore is screened, Gates-Gaudin-Schuh is adoptedThe mann distribution describes the quality of the particle size distribution, and the Gates-Gaudin-Schuhmann formula is
Wherein A represents the cumulative percentage content (%), X represents the particle size (mm), X represents the maximum particle size, n represents the grading decreasing coefficient, and the mixture is mixed to conform to the optimal grading range, wherein n is 0.35-0.5 in the optimal grading range.
Furthermore, after the ore is stacked in the subareas, different liquid distribution strengths are adopted for subarea liquid distribution, and the specific operation is that the liquid distribution strength adopted by a blocky ore stacking area with the thickness of-20 mm to +5mm is 20L/(m) to 100L2H), the liquid distribution strength adopted by a powder ore stacking area with the diameter of 1-5 mm is 5-20L/(m)2·h)。
Furthermore, the surface tank leaching liquid reaction device for classified stacking comprises a leaching tank, a spray pipe, an adjusting tank, a rich liquid tank, a tail liquid tank, an elevated tank, an adsorption tower, a leaching agent preparation tank, a leaching agent elevated tank, a leaching agent pump tank, a precipitation tower, a precipitation liquid pump tank and a filter press, wherein the leaching tank is divided into a middle chamber for placing coarse-grained ore, a left chamber and a right chamber for placing fine-grained ore, the spray pipe is arranged above the leaching tank, the bottom of the leaching tank is provided with a liquid discharge port and a slag outlet, the liquid discharge port is connected with the rich liquid tank, and the rich liquid tank is respectively connected with the adjusting tank and the tail liquid tank; the upper end of the pregnant solution tank is connected with the top end of the elevated tank, the bottom of the elevated tank is connected with the top end of the adsorption tower provided with a resin inlet, the adsorption tower is connected with the first leaching tower, the second leaching tower and the third leaching tower to form three-tower series-connection forward flow leaching, the bottom of the third leaching tower is connected with the resin inlet of the adsorption tower, the lean resin from the third leaching tower returns to the adsorption tower again, the eluent head tank is connected with the third leaching tower, the second leaching tower and the first leaching tower to form three-tower series countercurrent leaching, the top of the eluent head tank is connected with one end of the eluent preparation tank, one end of an eluent pump pool is connected with the upper part of the first leaching tower, the other end of the eluent pump pool and the other end of the eluent preparation tank are respectively connected with the precipitation tower, the upper part of the eluent pump pool is connected with the top end of the precipitation tower, the settling tower is connected with a settling tower liquid pump pool, and the upper end of the settling tower liquid pump pool is connected with a filter press.
Furthermore, a middle chamber, a left chamber and a right chamber of the leaching tank are separated by a metal net.
Furthermore, the bevel edges arranged on the left chamber and the right chamber form an angle of 45 degrees with the ground, so as to be beneficial to the seepage of the leaching solution between the coarse and the fine particle fractions.
Furthermore, a false bottom is arranged in the leaching tank below the three chambers, a leaching tank bottom plate is arranged below the false bottom, and a liquid outlet and a slag outlet are arranged below the leaching tank bottom plate.
Furthermore, the upper end of the pregnant solution tank is provided with a leaching lift pump which is used for being connected with the elevated tank.
Furthermore, the adsorption tower is connected with the top of the first leaching tower through a pipeline, the bottom of the first leaching tower is connected with the top of the second leaching tower through a pipeline, and the bottom of the second leaching tower is connected with the top of the third leaching tower through a pipeline.
Furthermore, the bottom of the eluent head tank is connected with the bottom of a third leaching tower through a pipeline, the upper part of the third leaching tower is connected with the bottom of a second leaching tower through a pipeline, and the upper part of the second leaching tower is connected with the bottom of a first leaching tower through a pipeline.
Furthermore, the top of the eluent elevated tank is connected with one end of the eluent preparation tank through an eluent lifting pump.
Furthermore, an eluent lifting pump is arranged at the upper part of the eluent pump pool, and the liquid outlet end of the eluent lifting pump is connected with the top end of the precipitation tower.
Furthermore, a precipitation lift pump is arranged at the upper end of the precipitation liquid pump pool, and the liquid outlet end of the precipitation lift pump is connected with the filter press.
Has the advantages that: according to the invention, firstly, ores are crushed into different size fractions by a crusher, then classified ores are subjected to optimal grading mixing and stacked in different areas of a leaching tank, so that a solution has a good seepage effect in an ore pile, and the metal leaching rate is effectively improved; for the block ore and powdery ore areas, the leaching effect among coarse and fine particles is adjusted through different liquid distribution forms, and the whole storage yard is completely infiltrated by adopting different liquid distribution strengths; meanwhile, the permeability of the ore heap is greatly improved through the forward flow leaching and the reverse flow leaching, so that the infiltration of the ore heap is more complete, and most of mineral resources can be fully recovered; the method is simple in process, not only suitable for low-grade ores, difficultly mined ore bodies and difficultly selected ores, but also suitable for mining secondary resources of mines, accords with the sustainable development strategy of China, and has wider development space in the future.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison between ideal gradation and ore gradation in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific drawings.
Referring to the surface tank leaching process of classified building of fig. 1, firstly, crushing ores into different size fractions by a crusher, screening and mixing the ore fractions, carrying out grading treatment, then, carrying the ores of different size fractions to a specified belt conveyor by an excavator, conveying the ores crushed into a certain particle size by the belt conveyor to a leaching tank 1 of a surface tank leaching liquid reaction device of the classified building, and carrying out partitioned heap leaching, wherein ore blocks of different size fractions are separated by a metal mesh 3; pumping the leaching solution in the solution preparation tank to a leaching tank 1 through a liquid supply pump for spraying, adopting a different-strength spraying type solution distribution, conveying the leaching solution leached from the leaching tank 1 to a pregnant solution tank 12 through a liquid discharge port 8, pumping the leaching solution to a high-level tank 15 through a leaching lifting pump 14, enabling the leaching solution output from the pregnant solution tank 12 to enter an adsorption tower 16 from the high-level tank 15 for ion exchange, enabling the leaching solution to enter a first leaching tower 21, a second leaching tower 20 and a third leaching tower 19 from the adsorption tower 16 for positive flow leaching, returning the lean resin to the adsorption tower 16 for adsorption, conveying the leaching solution for three-tower series countercurrent leaching from a leaching solution preparation tank 17 to a leaching solution high-level tank 18, enabling the leaching solution to enter a third leaching tower 19 at a certain flow rate, enabling the leaching solution to pass through three-tower series countercurrent leaching, enabling the leaching solution flowing out from the first leaching tower 21 to be qualified solution, pumping the qualified solution to a precipitation tower 23 for precipitation, and finally performing filter pressing to obtain a finished product, and finishing the process.
The classified heaping ground surface tank leaching liquid reaction device comprises a leaching tank 1, a spray pipe 2, a metal net 3, fine-particle-size ores 4, coarse-particle-size ores 5, a false bottom 6, a leaching tank bottom plate 7, a liquid discharge port 8, a slag discharge port 9, a conveying pipeline 10, an adjusting tank 11, a pregnant solution tank 12, a tail solution tank 13, a leaching lift pump 14, an elevated tank 15, an adsorption tower 16, a leaching agent preparation tank 17, a leaching agent elevated tank 18, a third leaching tower 19, a second leaching tower 20, a first leaching tower 21, a leaching agent pump tank 22, a precipitation tower 23, a precipitation pump tank 24 and a filter press 25, wherein the leaching tank 1 is divided into three chambers through the metal net 3, the spray pipe 2 is arranged above the leaching tank 1, a left chamber and a right chamber of the leaching tank 1 are respectively used for placing the fine-particle-size ores 4, a middle chamber is used for placing the coarse-particle-size ores 5, and the false bottom 6 is arranged in the leaching tank 1 below, a leaching tank bottom plate 7 is arranged below the false bottom 6, a liquid outlet 8 and a slag outlet 9 are arranged below the leaching tank bottom plate 7, the liquid outlet 8 is connected with a pregnant solution tank 12 through a conveying pipeline 10, and the pregnant solution tank 12 is respectively connected with an adjusting tank 11 and a tail solution tank 13; the upper end of the rich liquid tank 12 is provided with a leaching lift pump 14, the liquid inlet end of the rich liquid tank 12 is connected with the liquid inlet end of the leaching lift pump 14 through a pipeline, the liquid outlet end of the leaching lift pump 14 is connected with the top end of the elevated tank 15 through a pipeline, the bottom of the elevated tank 15 is connected with the top end of an adsorption tower 16 provided with a resin inlet through a pipeline, the adsorption tower 16 is connected with a first leaching tower 21, a second leaching tower 20 and a third leaching tower 19 to form three-tower series direct-flow leaching, the adsorption tower 16 is connected with the top of the first leaching tower 21 through a pipeline, the bottom of the first leaching tower 21 is connected with the top of the second leaching tower 20 through a pipeline, the bottom of the second leaching tower 20 is connected with the top of the third leaching tower 19 through a pipeline, the bottom of the third leaching tower 19 is connected with the resin inlet of the adsorption tower 16, lean resin from the third leaching tower 19 returns to the adsorption tower 16 again, and the bottom of the leaching high-, The second leaching tower 20 and the first leaching tower 21 are connected to form three-tower series countercurrent leaching, the bottom of the eluent head tank 18 is connected with the bottom of the third leaching tower 19 through a pipeline, the upper part of the third leaching tower 19 is connected with the bottom of the second leaching tower 20 through a pipeline, the upper part of the second leaching tower 20 is connected with the bottom of the first leaching tower 21 through a pipeline, the top of the eluent head tank 18 is connected with one end of the eluent preparation tank 17 through an eluent lifting pump, one end of the eluent pump tank 22 is connected with the upper part of the first leaching tower 21, the other end of the eluent pump tank 22 and the other end of the eluent preparation tank 17 are respectively connected with the sedimentation tower 23, the upper part of the eluent pump tank 22 is provided with an eluent lifting pump, and the liquid outlet end of the eluent lifting pump is connected with the top end of the sedimentation tower 23, the settling tower 23 is connected with a settling tower liquid pump pool 24 through a pipeline, a settling lift pump is arranged at the upper end of the settling tower liquid pump pool 24, and the liquid outlet end of the settling lift pump is connected with a filter press 25.
A, crushing ores: the ore is crushed to a particle size of-20 mm which is more suitable, so that the contact area of the ore and a solution can be increased, the internal pore diffusion path of the particle is shortened, the leaching rate is increased, and the leaching period is shortened; the ore is crushed by a hammer crusher, a motor drives a rotor to rotate at a high speed in a crushing cavity, and materials are impacted, sheared and ground by a hammer moving at a high speed after entering the crusher from a feeding hole to be crushed; the lower part of the rotor is provided with a sieve plate, fine fraction parts of small sieve pore sizes in the crushed materials are discharged through the sieve plate, coarse fraction parts of the small sieve pore sizes in the crushed materials are retained on the sieve plate and are continuously beaten and ground by a hammer, and finally the crushed materials are discharged out of the machine through the sieve plate and are crushed in three sections by a crusher to crush ores to be less than-20 mm;
b, ore classification and selection of optimal proportion:
sieving the ores by taking the diameter of minus 5mm as a boundary, and dividing the ores into blocky ores with the diameter of minus 20mm to plus 5mm and powdery ores with the diameter of plus 1mm to 5 mm; after the two types of ores are classified, the quality of the particle size distribution is described by adopting a Gates-Gaudin-Schuhmann distribution:
in the formula (1), A represents the cumulative percentage content (%), X represents the particle size (mm), X represents the maximum particle size, and n represents the grading decreasing coefficient;
after grading analysis, grading analysis is carried out on ores with uneven particle size distribution in groups, the optimal proportion is determined according to a grading experiment, mixing of the ores is carried out on the basis of a theoretical experiment, and good grading is guaranteed for both-20 mm- +5mm block ores and 1-5 mm powder ores;
in the specific process, taking mine uranium ore as an example, grading analysis is carried out on ore with the particle size of-20 mm to +5mm, and the particle size distribution table 1 is obtained:
TABLE 1 particle size distribution Table
N in the formula (1) is a grading decreasing coefficient, experiments prove that when n is 0.5, the ideal grading is obtained, and theoretical analysis and experiments according to tay wave prove that when n is 0.35-0.5, the good compactness is shown in table 2 (if the value range of n in japan is defined as n 0.35-0.45, and n is 0.45 in the united states is used as the basis for establishing standard grading);
TABLE 2 comparative table of rank matching and n variation
Note: taking Dmax to be 20 mm;
from table 1, it can be known that n is 0.766, the specific gravity of the coarse fraction is too large, and the proportion of the fine particles is correspondingly added according to the difference between the optimal grading ideal grading curve and the ore grading curve in fig. 2, so that the grading curve of the ore is in the ideal grading range;
c, tank body design:
the total appearance design size of the leaching tank 1 is 40 × 6 × 2(m), the leaching tank 1 is divided into three chambers, the inclined sides arranged on the left chamber and the right chamber form an angle of 45 degrees with the ground so as to be beneficial to the seepage of leaching solution between coarse and fine particle fractions, the middle chamber is separated from the left chamber and the right chamber by a metal mesh 3, and the diameter of the mesh of the metal mesh 3 is 1 mm;
the leaching tank 1 is formed by pouring reinforced concrete, the inner wall of the leaching tank 1 is built by granite and acid-resistant cement mortar and is lined by epoxy glass cloth to prevent acid corrosion, a bottom plate 7 of the leaching tank is provided with a gradient of 1 percent and inclines towards one end of the leaching tank 1, a row of slag outlets 9 with the diameter of 600mm are arranged below the bottom plate 7 of the leaching tank, the slag outlets 9 are sealed by covers during ore leaching, a row of liquid discharge ports 8 with the diameter of 50mm are arranged at one end of the bottom of the leaching tank 1, and a false bottom 6 is formed by square timbers, laths and bamboo mats;
d ore piling mode
The ore is transported by a belt conveyor, and finally, the flat field work is carried out by a crawler excavator, the essence of classified stacking is that the ore is subjected to granularity classification, and the ore with different size fractions is stacked in different areas, the leaching tank 1 is provided with four belt conveyors, a left chamber and a right chamber are respectively fixed, a middle chamber is two movable chambers, the amount of massive ore is large, the massive ore is stacked in the central area of the yard, the yield of powdery ore is small, the massive ore is stacked in the peripheral area of the yard, the uniform mixing stacking is avoided, and the smooth leaching of the main body part of the yard is ensured;
e spray and leach process
Using uranium ore as example, leaching by acid method, selecting H2SO4And an oxidizing agent H2O2As the leaching solution, the pipe diameter is phi 20mm, the sprayers are uniformly distributed along the pipeline in a spraying type solution distribution mode, the pipelines are arranged in parallel, the spraying ranges of the sprayers are mutually overlapped, the leaching solution is pumped out from the solution preparation pool through a liquid supply pump, the flow of the leaching solution is controlled by a valve, the leaching solution respectively enters each spraying pipeline after passing through a flow meter, and the top of the leaching tank 1 is sprayed; after the partitioned stacking, partitioning liquid distribution is carried out by adopting different liquid distribution strengths, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the liquid distribution strength adopted by a block ore stacking area with the thickness of-20 mm to +5mm is 20-100L/(m)2H), the liquid distribution strength adopted by a 1-5 mm powdery ore stacking area is 5-20L/(m)2·h)；
F collecting the leaching solution
Pumping to a rich liquid pool 12 by using a liquid pump, wherein the rich liquid pool 12 mainly has the functions of receiving and storing rich liquid from a storage yard and is also used as a liquid supply pump pool of a recovery process, the volume of the rich liquid pool 12 needs to meet the rich liquid amount flowing out of the storage yard for 4h, and the treatment capacity of recovery equipment for 2h can be maintained; two compartments are arranged in the rich liquor tank 12, a sludge discharge device is arranged in the first compartment, and the depth of the first compartment is smaller than that of the second compartment, so that leachate is clarified, sludge and scaling bodies are reduced to enter equipment in a recovery process, and normal operation of the recovery equipment is ensured;
the rich liquor pool 12 is respectively connected with the regulating pool 11 and the tail liquor pool 13, the volume of the tail liquor pool 13 is more than 1.5 times of the volume of the rich liquor pool 12, and the tail liquor pool 13 has the functions of preparing the leaching solution and a spray pump pool, so that the leaching solution is required to be frequently added into the pool to adjust the concentration and the pH value of the leaching solution, and the tail liquor pool 13 is also divided into two compartments for alternate use;
the volume of the adjusting tank 11 is more than 3 times larger than that of the tail liquid tank 13, and the adjusting tank is positioned in a low-lying position with larger area and no leakage;
g post-treatment of the leach liquor
The method is characterized in that a compact moving bed ion exchange method is adopted, uranium generally exists in a uranium phthalein ion state in an aqueous solution, the uranium can be combined with various anions to form various uranium complex ions and complexes, in a sulfuric acid leaching solution, uranium mainly exists in a form of uranium phthalein, the anions in the sulfuric acid leaching solution, besides the uranium phthalein complex ions, sulfate radicals, hydrogen sulfate radicals, key, phosphorus, arsenic, iron, vanadium and other complex anions are also included, the anions can be adsorbed by resin, the affinity of the anions except the key to the resin is smaller than that of the uranium phthalein complex anions, so that the anions are separated in the adsorption process, the leaching solution also contains a large amount of cation impurities, 201 x 7 type anion exchange resin is selected to adsorb the uranium in an adsorption tower 16, the ions are not adsorbed, and as long as the control is good, the adsorption effect on the uranium is not great;
transferring the discharged saturated resin to a first leaching tower 21 for leaching, returning the lean resin subjected to forward flow leaching through a three-tower series connection to an adsorption tower 16 for adsorption, wherein common leaching agents comprise an acidic chloride solution, an acidic nitrate solution, dilute nitric acid, dilute sulfuric acid and the like, and H is used2SO4And NaCL is an eluent of three-tower series-connection countercurrent leaching, the eluent is conveyed to an eluent head tank 18 from an eluent preparation tank 17, enters from a third leaching tower 19 at a certain flow rate, is subjected to three-tower series-connection countercurrent leaching, the eluent flowing out of a first leaching tower 21 is qualified liquid, the qualified liquid is pumped to a precipitation tower 23, and part of tail liquid enters the eluent preparation tank 17 for recycling and is subjected to precipitationAfter being treated by the precipitation tower 23, the uranium solution enters a precipitation liquid pump pool 24, and is precipitated by NaOH solution and then is pumped to a filter press 25 to be made into a finished product;
the method is characterized in that adsorption is carried out in a single tower, a resin bed in an adsorption tower 16 is 6-8 m high, resin in the tower is kept relatively fixed in the adsorption process and is adsorbed in a vertical pressure tower of a resin dense bed, countercurrent adsorption is carried out in the tower, a solution flows from bottom to top, the adsorption tower periodically works, saturated resin is discharged from the tower once every several hours, and meanwhile, the same amount of lean resin is supplemented; the linear velocity of the adsorption empty tower can reach more than 50m/h, and the method is suitable for treating leachate with large flow and low uranium concentration, namely leachate of in-situ leaching or low-grade ore heap leaching.
Claims (10)
1. A surface tank leaching process for classified building includes the steps that firstly, ores are crushed into different size fractions by a crusher, grading processing is carried out after screening and mixing, then the ores of different size fractions are conveyed to a designated belt conveyor by an excavator, the belt conveyor conveys the ores crushed into a certain size to a leaching tank of a surface tank leaching liquid reaction device for classified building, partitioned heap leaching is carried out, and ore blocks of different size fractions are separated by a metal net; pumping the leaching solution in the solution preparation tank to a leaching tank through a liquid supply pump for spraying, adopting a partition strength spraying type solution distribution mode, conveying the leaching solution leached from the leaching tank to a pregnant solution tank through a liquid discharge port, pumping the leaching solution to a high-level tank through a leaching lifting pump, allowing the leaching solution output from the pregnant solution tank to enter an adsorption tower from the high-level tank for ion exchange, allowing the leaching solution to enter a first leaching tower, a second leaching tower and a third leaching tower for positive flow leaching, returning the lean resin to the adsorption tower for adsorption, conveying the leaching solution for three-tower series countercurrent leaching to a leaching solution high-level tank from a leaching solution preparation tank, allowing the leaching solution to enter the third leaching tower at a certain flow rate, performing three-tower series countercurrent leaching, allowing the leaching solution flowing out of the first leaching tower to be qualified solution, pumping the qualified solution to a precipitation tower for precipitation, and finally performing pressure filtration to obtain a finished product through a pressure filter, wherein the process is finished.
2. The sorted pile of claim 1The surface tank leaching process is characterized by adopting H2SO4And an oxidizing agent H2O2As a leaching solution.
3. The surface tank leaching process of classified heaping according to claim 1, wherein the ore is classified into lump ore of-20 mm to +5mm and powdery ore of +1 to 5mm by the ore classification treatment.
4. The surface tank leaching process of classified building according to claim 3, wherein the liquid distribution strength adopted in a block ore stacking area of-20 mm to +5mm is 20-100L/(m)2H) the liquid distribution strength adopted in the area where the 1-5 mm powdery ore is stacked is 5-20L/(m)2·h)。
5. The process of claim 3, wherein the classification of the heaps by earth surface tank leaching is performed by adopting a Gates-Gaudin-Schuhmann distribution formula to describe the quality of the particle size distribution after the ore is sieved, wherein the Gates-Gaudin-Schuhmann formula is
Wherein A represents the cumulative percentage content (%), X represents the particle size (mm), X represents the maximum particle size, n represents the grading decreasing coefficient, and the mixture is mixed to conform to the optimal grading range, wherein n is 0.35-0.5 in the optimal grading range.
6. The process of leaching the earth surface tank by classifying the heaps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the earth surface tank leaching liquid reaction device by classifying the heaps comprises a leaching tank, a spray pipe, an adjusting tank, a rich liquid tank, a tail liquid tank, an elevated tank, an adsorption tower, a leaching agent preparation tank, a leaching agent elevated tank, a leaching agent pump tank, a sedimentation tower, a sedimentation liquid pump tank and a filter press, and is characterized in that the leaching tank is divided into a middle chamber for placing coarse fraction ores, a left chamber and a right chamber for placing fine fraction ores, the spray pipe is arranged above the leaching tank, the bottom of the leaching tank is provided with a liquid discharge port and a slag discharge port, the liquid discharge port is connected with the rich liquid tank, and the rich liquid tank is respectively connected with the adjusting tank and the tail liquid tank; the high-concentration liquid tank upper end is connected with the head of the high-level tank, the head of the high-level tank bottom is connected with the top of an adsorption tower provided with a resin inlet, the adsorption tower is connected with a first elution tower, a second elution tower and a third elution tower to form three-tower series forward flow elution, the bottom of the third elution tower is connected with the resin inlet of the adsorption tower, the eluent high-level tank is connected with the third elution tower, the second elution tower and the first elution tower to form three-tower series countercurrent elution, the top of the eluent high-level tank is connected with one end of an eluent preparation tank, one end of the eluent pump tank is connected with the upper part of the first elution tower, the other end of the eluent pump tank and the other end of the eluent preparation tank are respectively connected with the precipitation tower, the upper part of the eluent pump tank is connected with the top of the precipitation tower, the precipitation tower is connected with the liquid pump tank, and the upper end of the precipitation liquid.
7. The process of claim 6, wherein the leaching tank has a middle chamber, a left chamber and a right chamber separated by a metal mesh, and the inclined sides of the left chamber and the right chamber are at 45 ° to the ground.
8. The process of leaching in surface tanks for classified building according to claim 6, wherein a dummy bottom is arranged in the leaching tank below the three chambers, a leaching tank bottom plate is arranged below the dummy bottom, and a liquid discharge port and a slag outlet are arranged below the leaching tank bottom plate.
9. The process of the surface tank leaching of the classified building pile as claimed in claim 6, wherein the upper end of the pregnant solution tank is provided with a leaching lift pump for connecting with the elevated tank.
10. The process of tank leaching on the earth's surface by classification building according to claim 6, wherein the top of the eluent elevated tank is connected with one end of the eluent preparation tank through an eluent lifting pump.
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