CN107805726A - Hydrometallurgy method is combined in a kind of Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore leaching - Google Patents
Hydrometallurgy method is combined in a kind of Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore leaching Download PDFInfo
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- CN107805726A CN107805726A CN201610810801.3A CN201610810801A CN107805726A CN 107805726 A CN107805726 A CN 107805726A CN 201610810801 A CN201610810801 A CN 201610810801A CN 107805726 A CN107805726 A CN 107805726A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B60/00—Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals
- C22B60/02—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides
- C22B60/0204—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium
- C22B60/0217—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes
- C22B60/0221—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching
- C22B60/0226—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors
- C22B60/0234—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors sulfurated ion as active agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
- C22B3/08—Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
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Abstract
The invention belongs to uranium ore extract technology technical field in uranium hydrometallurgy, and in particular to hydrometallurgy method is combined in a kind of Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore leaching.Comprise the following steps：(1) Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore enters the broken using three section of one closed circuit flow of heap ore；(2) thin mud that the Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore after being crushed in step (1) is entered to be less than in the screenings of heap ore to 0.15mm grades by wet screening with classification separates；(3) thin liquid pulp in step (2) concentrates into concentrator；(4) the thickener underflow ore pulp in step (3) leaches into leaching system, obtains leaching ore pulp；(5) the leaching ore pulp that step (4) comes out is filtered and washed.The average grade for the high yield ores of mud ore deposit uranium grade that technical solution of the present invention is isolated, higher leaching rate can be obtained using leaching, so as to realize that " low heap Gao Ye " leaching theory, makes ore treatment processes more rational.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to uranium ore extract technology technical field in uranium hydrometallurgy, and in particular to a kind of Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore-stir
Mix and leach joint hydrometallurgy method.
Background technology
Extracting and produce the basic wet-process metallurgy craft process that uranium concentrate product is yellow cake from uranium ore is：Ore reduction or
Leached after broken mill with leaching agent sulfuric acid or carbonate, leachate is obtained after separation of solid and liquid, exchanged with resin ion or solvent extracts
Taking technique reclaims uranium from leachate and obtains the elution qualifying liquid or strip liquor of high concentration uranium, at the same with most foreign ions
Separation.Elution qualifying liquid or strip liquor add sodium hydroxide or ammonia precipitation process goes out uranate uranium concentrate, after filtered dehydration
Obtain yellow cake product.It is critical process that wherein ore, which leaches,.
Leaching, Situ Leaching and dump leaching are three kinds of most important uranium ore extract technologies.Leaching is by ore
Break, be ground to -60 mesh up to more than 90%, turn into ore pulp, leaching agent is added in stirred leaching tank makes uranium be leached from ore.Stirring
The features such as extract technology is adaptable strong, leaching rate is high, it is most widely used uranium ore extract technology in the world, with the leaching
The natural uranium of technique productions accounts for total output half.But ore pulp is leached in leaching technique to be needed to carry out troublesome solid-liquid point
From, along with needing in ore grinding, heating stirring, spent acid and wait many processes, and leaching poor selectivity to non-uranium mineral etc.,
Therefore reagent consumption height, high energy consumption be present, technological process is long, leaches the shortcomings of Tailings Disposal requirement is high, production cost is high.Original place
Leaching is that directly leaching agent is injected into the uranium deposit of underground by fluid injection well (drilling), and leaching agent penetrates through ore bed and soaks uranium
Go out, leachate is discharged to earth's surface by out well again, and uranium therein is reclaimed with ion-exchange process.Uranium ore is still in Situ Leaching
The nature of underground is retained in, eliminates ore extraction link, directly obtains leachate clear liquid, there is environment-friendly, work
The advantages such as condition is good, flow is short, production cost is low, there is unrivaled advantage, be nearly 20 Duo Nianlaige uranium producing country the most
Pay attention to and develop most rapid uranium ore extract technology, account for the pact of total Gross World Product with the natural uranium of the technique productions at present
50%.But the application of Situ Leaching technique is very limited, it requires that uranium deposit possesses specific condition, i.e., must be
Permeable sandstone uranium deposits, and mineral deposit must be in the water-bearing layer of pressure-bearing, i.e., this contain ore deposit water-bearing layer must have it is impermeable
Top, base arrangement.Dump leaching is will to build up heap after ore reduction to certain granularity, and leaching agent is spilt from heap top spray, leaching agent according to
Ore deposit heap is downward through by gravity and leaches the uranium in ore, and uranium-bearing leachate flows out from heap bottom.Leachate is usually clear liquid, with from
Sub- exchange process reclaims uranium therein.The advantages such as dump leaching process has small investment, reagent consumption is low with energy consumption, production cost is low, are fitted
Close and handle low-grade uranium ore.China is the most universal and best application effect country of dump leaching process application, the current country about 2/3
Natural uranium manufacturing enterprise, about 50% natural uranium are produced by dump leaching method.But there is leaching cycle length, uranium leaching in dump leaching process
The shortcomings of extracting rate is relatively low, the leaching effect difference of ore containing mud, these shortcomings are drawn by ore deposit heap permeability problems
Rise.
China's uranium ore resource especially Uranium ore in hard rock resource the characteristics of be that deposit scale is smaller and scattered, ore uranium grade compared with
It is low.According to the uranium ore resource situation in China, inexpensive dump leaching process is applied more generally, and in the long duration at home
Also will be one of main method of China's uranium processing.Over more than 20 years, the characteristics of Domestic Scientific Research personnel are directed to uranium ore resource, grind
Study carefully and develop fine granularity heap Leaching, mix sour curing-high ferro leaching without waste water dump leaching process, the dump leaching of peracid counter flow series, dump leaching
New technology, the new technologies such as quasi- tailings strong acid curing leaching, make traditional extensive style dump leaching operation develop into distinctive essence
Dump leaching process is refined, Uranium extraction rate is effectively increased while ore hydrometallurgy cost is reduced.
In order to solve the inherent shortcoming that Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore leaching cycle is long, leaching rate is relatively low, current domestic dump leaching mine is most
Fine fraction ore heap leaching operation technology is employed, by the crushing circuit of " three section one closed circuit " by ore reduction to -7mm or thinner grain
Degree is leached, and be significantly shorten leaching cycle and is improved Uranium extraction rate.The commonly used of fine granularity heap Leaching is also for I
One of the main reason for state's Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore is successful.But the problem of bringing is simultaneously, ore grain size is thinner, and shattering process produces
Mud ore deposit (- 0.15mm) ratio it is higher.Clay content is to influence the infiltrative principal element of ore deposit heap in dump leaching ore, on the one hand,
Mud ore deposit easily causes the physical clogging of ore deposit heap, and on the other hand, mud ore deposit consumption acid is fast, dump leaching easily make initial stage dissolution Fe, Ca,
PO4 3-、SO4 2-Plasma is deposited in ore deposit heap and causes electroless Ni-P-C-O plating again.And ore deposit heap permeability is deteriorated, heap is influenceed again in turn
Soak effect.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to propose a kind of Uranium Ore Leaching Heap-leaching joint hydrometallurgy new technology, solution
Certainly fine fraction Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore and the chats heap of Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore containing mud poor permeability, the problem such as leaching cycle is long, leaching rate is low, are ensureing
Expand inexpensive dump leaching production technology application on the premise of resource recovery.
In order to realize this purpose, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that：
A kind of Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore-leaching joint hydrometallurgy method, comprises the following steps：
(1) Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore enters the broken using three section of one closed circuit flow of heap ore, controls final products ore maximum particle size
Closed circuit screening using plus water wet screening, it is 1~2 times of ore quality to add water quality；
(2) Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore after being crushed in step (1) is entered by wet screening and classification small in the screenings of heap ore
Separated in the thin mud of 0.15mm grades；
The thin mud of separation is referred to as thin liquid pulp, into next step processing；
The coarse sand separated enters crushed product ore storage bin, enters heap ore as dump leaching, builds after heap using sulfuric acid solution to leach
Agent is leached；
(3) thin liquid pulp in step (2) concentrates into concentrator；
Thin liquid pulp is concentrated by concentrator, obtains underflow ore pulp and overflow；
Charging of the underflow ore pulp as leaching, as screening water in overflow return to step (1)；
(4) the thickener underflow ore pulp in step (3) leaches into leaching system, obtains leaching ore pulp；
(5) the leaching ore pulp that step (4) comes out is filtered and washed, and wash water is pH=2 sulfuric acid acidifying water, wash water matter
Measure to leach 1~2 times of ore pulp quality, the washing lotion uranium concentration for washing terminal is less than 20mg/L.
Further, a kind of Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore as described above-leaching joint hydrometallurgy method, in step (1), lower ore deposit is sieved
The maximum particle size of stone is 4~8mm.
Further, a kind of Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore as described above-leaching joint hydrometallurgy method, in step (2), wet type sieve
Divide and carried out by vibrating-dewatering screen, classification passes through a kind of progress in high weir spiral classifier, submerged spiral classifier.
Further, a kind of Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore as described above-leaching joint hydrometallurgy method, in step (3), bottom is controlled
The solid content for flowing ore pulp is 38~45%, controls the solid content of overflow to be less than 200mg/L.
Further, a kind of Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore as described above-leaching joint hydrometallurgy method, in step (4), stirring leaching
Go out system to be in series by 4~6 anti-corrosion mechanical agitating tanks, leaching agent is made with sulfuric acid, a kind of conduct in pyrolusite, sodium chlorate
Oxidant, leach in atmospheric conditions.
Further, a kind of Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore as described above-leaching joint hydrometallurgy method, in step (5), ore deposit is leached
Slurry is filtered and washed using one kind in chamber-type press filter, band filter.
Further, a kind of Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore as described above-leaching joint hydrometallurgy method, in step (1), lower ore deposit is sieved
The maximum particle size of stone is 4~8mm；
In step (2), wet screening is carried out by vibrating-dewatering screen, and classification passes through high weir spiral classifier, sinking
It is a kind of in spiral classifier to carry out；
In step (3), the solid content for controlling underflow ore pulp is 38~45%, controls the solid content of overflow to be less than 200mg/L；
In step (4), leaching system is in series by 4~6 anti-corrosion mechanical agitating tanks, makees leaching agent with sulfuric acid,
One kind in pyrolusite, sodium chlorate leaches in atmospheric conditions as oxidant；
In step (5), leach ore pulp and filtered and washed using one kind in chamber-type press filter, band filter.
The beneficial effect of technical solution of the present invention is：During dump leaching ore reduction, pass through wet screening and classification
The thin mud of -0.15mm grades is separated, the thin mud of separation is accounted for the 10%~15% of total ore amount, handled using leaching,
And separate the coarse fraction ore after thin mud and go dump leaching.Specific effect is as follows：
(1) because the separation of thin mud is sieved by wet screening or classification rather than dry type, therefore ore is at different levels broken
Broken and closed circuit screening can operate in the case where wet type adds water condition, greatly reduce caused Dust Capacity during ore reduction, drop
The low adverse effect to environment, labour health condition is improved, while also improve the whole ore including screening and break
The production efficiency of broken process.
(2) separation of thin mud is carried out using vibrating-dewatering screen or spiral classifier, equipment investment is few, simple to operate, production
Cost is low.The principle of spiral classifier separation thin mud is different and realization, thin mud separation by the sinking speed of coarse sand, thin mud
Effect is more preferable because except coarse fraction ore deposit it is faster than thin mud sinking speed and it is easy realize separation in addition to, under the conditions of equal fine granularity, sand
Property ore deposit particle than the shale ore deposit particle sinking speed that is formed by shale mineral faster, so as to realize separation.That is, pass through
This mode, it is ensured that the fine-grained shale ore deposit of the overwhelming majority is entered in the thin mud of separation, and this particulate shale ore deposit pair
The larger and uranium grade of the infiltrative harm of ore deposit heap is again higher.A small amount of grittiness particulate ore deposit is possibly into dump leaching ore, but to ore deposit
Heap Permeability is little.
(3) thin mud for immersing heap in heap ore separates, and is advantageous to keep the permeability of dump leaching ore deposit heap good, improves and leach
Agent, so as to shorten leaching cycle, is improved Uranium extraction rate and leaches utilization of area efficiency, reduction is produced into by the uniformity of ore deposit heap
This.
(4) the thin mud ore grain size of separation accounts for 90% for -0.15mm, can directly use " dense-leaching-filtering
The mode of washing " is handled, and is not required to increase ore grinding operation.The average grade for the high yield ores of mud ore deposit uranium grade isolated, using stirring
Higher leaching rate can be obtained by mixing leaching, " low heap Gao Ye " leaching theory, make ore treatment processes more become to closing so as to realize
Reason.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further elaborated below by specific embodiment.
A kind of Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore of the present invention-leaching joint hydrometallurgy method, comprises the following steps：
(1) Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore enters the broken using three section of one closed circuit flow of heap ore, controls final products ore maximum particle size
Closed circuit screening using plus water wet screening, it is 1~2 times of ore quality to add water quality；The maximum particle size of the lower ore of sieve is 4~8mm.
(2) Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore after being crushed in step (1) is entered by wet screening and classification small in the screenings of heap ore
Separated in the thin mud of 0.15mm grades；
The thin mud of separation is referred to as thin liquid pulp, into next step processing；
The coarse sand separated enters crushed product ore storage bin, enters heap ore as dump leaching, builds after heap using sulfuric acid solution to leach
Agent is leached；
Wet screening is carried out by vibrating-dewatering screen, and classification passes through high weir spiral classifier, submerged spiral classifier
A kind of middle progress.
(3) thin liquid pulp in step (2) concentrates into concentrator；
Thin liquid pulp is concentrated by concentrator, obtains underflow ore pulp and overflow；
Charging of the underflow ore pulp as leaching, as screening water in overflow return to step (1)；
The solid content for controlling underflow ore pulp is 38~45%, controls the solid content of overflow to be less than 200mg/L.
(4) the thickener underflow ore pulp in step (3) leaches into leaching system, obtains leaching ore pulp；
Leaching system is in series by 4~6 anti-corrosion mechanical agitating tanks, makees leaching agent, pyrolusite, chloric acid with sulfuric acid
One kind in sodium leaches in atmospheric conditions as oxidant.
(5) the leaching ore pulp that step (4) comes out is filtered and washed, and wash water is pH=2 sulfuric acid acidifying water, wash water matter
Measure to leach 1~2 times of ore pulp quality, the washing lotion uranium concentration for washing terminal is less than 20mg/L.
Ore pulp is leached to be filtered and washed using one kind in chamber-type press filter, band filter.
Specific embodiment is as follows：Certain Uranium enterprise contains doleritic granite type U-ore stone, uranium average grade 0.15%,
Flowed through broken with broken, " three section one closed circuit " that double-roll crusher is in small, broken bits, linear vibrating screen screening forms at the beginning of two sections of jaw crushers
Journey is crushed to -6mm, wherein being to add water to operate during just broken and screening.The return of vibratory sieve oversize is in small, broken bits, and screenings passes through high weir
Formula spiral classifier is separated into -6mm~+0.15mm coarse fraction ore (coarse sand) and the mud ore deposit (overflow) of -0.15mm grades.Slightly
Grade ore (uranium grade about 0.14%) goes to stockyard to build up high 3.5m ore deposit heap, using sulfuric acid as leaching agent shower-bubble type, leaches 100
After it, cinder grade 0.012%~0.014% is leached, Uranium extraction rate is more than 90%, and acid consumption about 8%, heap top is without product during leaching
Liquid, ore deposit heap permeability keep good.Compared with not separating the dump leaching result of mud ore deposit ore, leaching cycle shortens 10~15 days, leaching
Extracting rate improves about 1%, and leaching acid consumption reduces about 0.5%.- 0.15mm the thin muds isolated obtain liquid-solid ratio after concentrator concentrates
For 1.5：1 ore pulp, uranium grade 0.20% (dry meter), leaches in level Four connects tank diameter, adds the concentrated sulfuric acid of ore amount 9%
Make leaching agent, 0.3% sodium chlorate makees oxidant, leach 4 hours after, pH values of pulp=1.2, t=35 DEG C of temperature.Leach in ore pulp
Pump is to 200m after adding the mixed type flocculant of 50g/t ore deposits2Chamber-type press filter filters, afterwards with the acidifying of 1.5~2 times of filter cake amounts
Water washs on machine, and the filter cake after washing is leached mud, is stored up after mix lime in tailings storehouse together with dump leaching tailings.Mud ore deposit
Leached mud average grade 0.010%, Uranium extraction rate reach 95%.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore-leaching joint hydrometallurgy method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore is entered the broken of heap ore and closed using three section of one closed circuit flow, control final products ore maximum particle size
Road screening adds water quality for 1~2 times of ore quality using water wet screening is added；
(2) Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore after crushing in step (1) is entered in the screenings of heap ore to be less than by wet screening and classification
The thin mud separation of 0.15mm grades；
The thin mud of separation is referred to as thin liquid pulp, into next step processing；
The coarse sand separated enters crushed product ore storage bin, enters heap ore as dump leaching, is soaked after building heap by leaching agent of sulfuric acid solution
Go out；
(3) thin liquid pulp in step (2) concentrates into concentrator；
Thin liquid pulp is concentrated by concentrator, obtains underflow ore pulp and overflow；
Charging of the underflow ore pulp as leaching, as screening water in overflow return to step (1)；
(4) the thickener underflow ore pulp in step (3) leaches into leaching system, obtains leaching ore pulp；
(5) the leaching ore pulp that step (4) comes out is filtered and washed, and wash water is pH=2 sulfuric acid acidifying water, and wash water quality is
Leach ore pulp quality 1~2 times, the washing lotion uranium concentration for washing terminal is less than 20mg/L.
A kind of 2. Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore as claimed in claim 1-leaching joint hydrometallurgy method, it is characterised in that：Step (1)
In, the maximum particle size for sieving lower ore is 4~8mm.
A kind of 3. Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore as claimed in claim 1-leaching joint hydrometallurgy method, it is characterised in that：Step (2)
In, wet screening is carried out by vibrating-dewatering screen, and classification passes through a kind of in high weir spiral classifier, submerged spiral classifier
Carry out.
A kind of 4. Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore as claimed in claim 1-leaching joint hydrometallurgy method, it is characterised in that：Step (3)
In, the solid content for controlling underflow ore pulp is 38~45%, controls the solid content of overflow to be less than 200mg/L.
A kind of 5. Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore as claimed in claim 1-leaching joint hydrometallurgy method, it is characterised in that：Step (4)
In, leaching system is in series by 4~6 anti-corrosion mechanical agitating tanks, makees leaching agent with sulfuric acid, in pyrolusite, sodium chlorate
One kind as oxidant, leach in atmospheric conditions.
A kind of 6. Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore as claimed in claim 1-leaching joint hydrometallurgy method, it is characterised in that：Step (5)
In, leach ore pulp and filtered and washed using one kind in chamber-type press filter, band filter.
A kind of 7. Heap Leaching of Uranium Ore as claimed in claim 1-leaching joint hydrometallurgy method, it is characterised in that：
In step (1), the maximum particle size for sieving lower ore is 4~8mm；
In step (2), wet screening is carried out by vibrating-dewatering screen, and classification passes through high weir spiral classifier, sinking spiral
It is a kind of in grader to carry out；
In step (3), the solid content for controlling underflow ore pulp is 38~45%, controls the solid content of overflow to be less than 200mg/L；
In step (4), leaching system is in series by 4~6 anti-corrosion mechanical agitating tanks, makees leaching agent, soft manganese with sulfuric acid
One kind in ore deposit, sodium chlorate leaches in atmospheric conditions as oxidant；
In step (5), leach ore pulp and filtered and washed using one kind in chamber-type press filter, band filter.
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| CN114368786A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-04-19 | 中核沽源铀业有限责任公司 | Sodium diuranate impurity content reduction method based on washing before filtration |
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| CN108693551A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-10-23 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | A kind of probe and device for the monitoring of uranium ore grade |
| CN112816276A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-05-18 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Method for monitoring leaching state of in-situ leaching uranium mining |
| CN112816276B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2023-04-14 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Method for monitoring leaching state of in-situ leaching uranium mining |
| CN114368786A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-04-19 | 中核沽源铀业有限责任公司 | Sodium diuranate impurity content reduction method based on washing before filtration |
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