CN111074022A - Operation method of liquid slag caching and flow control device - Google Patents
Operation method of liquid slag caching and flow control device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111074022A CN111074022A CN201911228590.2A CN201911228590A CN111074022A CN 111074022 A CN111074022 A CN 111074022A CN 201911228590 A CN201911228590 A CN 201911228590A CN 111074022 A CN111074022 A CN 111074022A
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- slag
- ladle
- liquid
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- stopper rod
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
- C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
- C21B3/10—Slag pots; Slag cars
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
- C21B2400/05—Apparatus features
- C21B2400/066—Receptacle features where the slag is treated
- C21B2400/072—Tanks to collect the slag, e.g. water tank
Abstract
An operation method of a liquid slag caching and flow control device comprises liquid slag caching operation, flow measurement and control operation, online maintenance operation and accident handling operation. When liquid slag is cached, after the inner cavity of the slag ladle is preheated to a specified temperature, a valve on a high-temperature flue is opened, high-temperature flue gas in the inner cavity of the slag ladle is introduced into a sealing cover, and after the inner cavity of the slag ladle is preheated to the specified temperature, slag is fed from a slag inlet at one end of the slag ladle for caching; when the flow of the liquid slag is controlled, opening a slag discharge port, then opening a sizing water port, and simultaneously inserting a stopper rod to be matched with the sizing water port for flow control; when a single module is overhauled, the stopper rod is matched with the sizing nozzle, the sizing nozzle is closed, slag is stopped to be discharged, the slag discharge port at the bottom of the side edge of the liquid slag flow measurement and control module is opened simultaneously, the stored slag of the module is discharged, after the stored slag of the liquid slag flow measurement and control module is discharged, the overhauling inlet of the sealing cover is opened, and the foam mud is squeezed into the sizing nozzle for plugging so as to overhaul.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blast furnace slag waste heat recovery, in particular to an operation method of a liquid slag caching and flow measuring and controlling device.
Background
The steel yield of China is greatly improved after the development of nearly 30 years. In the longitudinal direction, the yield of crude steel in China is increased from 0.66 hundred million tons in 1990 to 8.1 hundred million tons in 2016, and the composite growth rate of the yield reaches 10.1 percent. In 2016, the yield of crude steel in China reaches 8.1 hundred million tons, and the global yield accounts for 50.5 percent. During the steel smelting process, a large amount of high-temperature slag is generated. The blast furnace slag temperature can reach 1400-1550 ℃, and the sensible heat value of each ton of high-temperature blast furnace slag can reach 1260-1880 MJ/ton through calculation, which is equivalent to 60kg of standard coal/ton. According to statistics, based on the existing steel smelting technology in China, 0.3 ton of blast furnace slag is generated when 1 ton of pig iron is produced, calculated by 7.0 hundred million tons of pig iron output in 2016 years in China, more than 2.1 million tons of blast furnace slag can be generated in a foldable manner, and the sensible heat quantity of the blast furnace slag is equivalent to 0.13 million tons of standard coal.
Compared with the grain slag method, the dry processing technology can not only save a large amount of water resources, but also hardly release H2S and SO2And the like, so the fuel has remarkable economic and environmental protection performances and is highly valued in the industry. In the dry centrifugal granulation process, high-temperature and high-viscosity slag is thrown away from the surface interface of a rotating disc by the rotating disc rotating at a high speed to form liquid drops in the air, and then the liquid drops and a heat transfer medium in the space are subjected to strong direct heat exchange to reduce the temperature of the liquid drops, so that the surface of the liquid drops is subjected to phase change to form a solidified layer, and the liquid drops are gradually changed into solid small particles along with further reduction of the temperature. As most of the slag discharging modes of the blast furnace are intermittent slag discharging modes, a high-temperature cache device is required to be equipped for ensuring the stable operation of the dry centrifugal granulation system. In order to ensure the safe operation of the system, a liquid slag buffer device with an accident handling function is needed to ensure that the whole system has the accident emergency handling capability, and the safety of operators and other matching systems in the field.
The structure of the high temperature liquid slag is very complex, and is limited by research methods and experimental means, so that the structure is difficult to directly determine from experiments. The structure of the high-temperature liquid slag is mostly inferred from an indirect method. Research shows that high-temperature liquid slag contains a large amount of sulfate, mixed salt, carbonate, confirmed acid salt, chlorate and silicate, and therefore has high corrosivity. According to the actual operation condition of the blast furnace, the slag tapping mode of the blast furnace is mostly an intermittent slag tapping mode, and a high-temperature cache device is required to be equipped for ensuring the stable operation of the dry centrifugal granulation system. At this time, the high-temperature slag can corrode the high-temperature buffer device of the liquid slag and the accessory pipeline thereof at high temperature. For the high-temperature buffer device, the corrosion of the wall material mainly comes from static corrosion, and for the accessory pipeline, besides the static corrosion, the dynamic abrasion phenomenon exists because the flow speed of the built-in liquid slag is high. Therefore, the abrasion phenomenon of the wall material of the auxiliary pipeline is more common, and the auxiliary pipeline needs to be replaced frequently, but the existing replacement process is complex, the replacement time is long, and the stability of the system operation is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an operation method of a liquid slag cache and a flow measurement and control device, which aims to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an operation method of a liquid slag caching and flow control device comprises liquid slag caching operation, flow measurement and control operation, online maintenance operation and accident handling operation.
Further, the liquid slag caching operation comprises the following steps:
and 3, after preheating to a specified temperature, starting to feed slag from a slag inlet of the slag ladle, monitoring the liquid level height through an industrial television device outside the peephole, and monitoring the temperature of the inner cavity of the slag ladle by adopting an infrared thermometer.
Further, the flow measurement and control operation comprises the following steps:
and 3, in the outflow stage, monitoring the liquid level in the slag falling pipe by adopting a radar liquid level meter at the top of the sealing cover so as to obtain the flow of the slag falling pipe, and controlling the flow by controlling the matching of the stopper rod and the metering nozzle.
Further, the online maintenance operation comprises the following steps:
and 4, after the overhaul is finished, opening the bubble mud at the sizing water port, operating the stopper rod to control the flow, discharging the bubble mud and impurities at the initial stage of slag tapping of the slag ladle from a slag discharge port at the bottom of the side edge of the module, after the impurities are discharged, blocking the slag discharge port, allowing the slag flowing out of the slag ladle to flow into a subsequent processing unit through a slag discharge pipe after the flow control of the stopper rod and the sizing water port, and entering a normal outflow stage to finish the overhaul.
Further, the accident handling operation comprises the steps of:
and 2, opening an accident slag discharge port and the combustor, discharging the slag in the inner cavity of the slag ladle, simultaneously opening the slag discharge port, discharging the slag at the bottom of the liquid slag flow measurement and control module, and performing accident treatment after the slag is discharged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the slag ladle is provided with the slag ladle accident slag discharge port, the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the slag ladle is designed in an inclined mode, liquid slag in the inner cavity of the slag ladle can be rapidly discharged in a short time in the stage of slag discharge or accident treatment, and fillers are injected into the slag ladle accident slag discharge port under the normal operation condition; if the slag is discharged urgently, when the liquid slag in the slag ladle inner cavity needs to be discharged urgently, the filler in the slag ladle accident slag discharging port can be communicated, so that the high-temperature liquid slag in the slag ladle inner cavity is discharged quickly, and the liquid slag can be effectively prevented from being cooled and condensed in the slag ladle inner cavity; the flow area of the accident slag discharging port is the flow area after specific calculation, and can be calculated according to the actual volume of the inner cavity of the slag ladle, and basically the requirement that liquid slag is discharged from the inner cavity of the slag ladle within 3-5 minutes needs to be met; the material of the emergency deslagging metering nozzle is a high-temperature wear-resistant corrosion-resistant material, and meanwhile, the lower plane of the emergency deslagging metering nozzle is lower than the bottom of the inner cavity of the slag ladle and inclines downwards, so that the complete drainage is ensured.
One or more burners can be arranged on the side edge of the slag ladle cover according to the volume of the actual slag ladle and are used for preheating and supplementing heat to the inner cavity of the slag ladle; the outlet of the burner is inclined downwards in the slag ladle, so that the heating function is met, and meanwhile, the horizontally arranged burner is prevented from baking the same part of the slag ladle cover at high temperature, and the slag ladle cover is prevented from cracking.
The slag ladle cover is provided with a high-temperature flue gas outlet which is connected with a high-temperature flue gas inlet arranged on the side edge of a sealing cover through a high-temperature flue with a valve, so that high-temperature flue gas generated in the inner cavity of the slag ladle in the heating stage is guided into the sealing cover, a liquid slag flow measurement and control module is preheated and then is converged into a subsequent flue gas processing unit; the structure not only utilizes the smoke generated by the heat compensation preheating of the burner, but also achieves the aim of preheating the device of the flow measurement and control module, fully utilizes the heat and improves the energy utilization rate.
The bottom of the slag flow measurement and control module is designed to be inclined, a certain included angle is formed between the bottom of the slag flow measurement and control module and the horizontal plane, a slag discharge port is formed in the other end of the slag flow measurement and control module, and a slag guide groove is formed in the outer portion of the slag discharge port and is converged into an accident diversion trench located at one end of a slag ladle; the design of the structure of the inclined bottom surface and the slag discharging port can open the slag discharging port at the system starting stage, completely discharge the filler in the sizing water port from the slag discharging port, then seal the slag discharging port and enter the normal operation stage; meanwhile, the design of the inclined bottom surface can ensure that liquid slag is completely discharged from the flow measurement and control module in the maintenance and shutdown stages, and the damage caused by the adhesion of residues on the surface of equipment is avoided.
The top of the slag falling device of the liquid slag flow measurement and control module is provided with a weir plate structure, liquid slag in the inner cavity of a slag ladle is discharged through a sizing water gap and enters the flow measurement and control module, and the slag at the bottom of the flow measurement and control module can only pass through the weir plate and enter a slag falling pipe when the liquid level reaches the height of the weir plate, so that the slag falling pipe enters a subsequent link; the design of this kind of structure, the fluctuation that reduces the intraductal liquid level of sediment that falls that can to a great extent is obtained through the verification of numerical simulation and experiment, improves the degree of accuracy that adopts radar level meter measurement liquid level, and then makes flow observe and control more accurate, also has very big benefit to the follow-up processing link.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the flow measurement and control module according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a burner and flue arrangement;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a slag ladle structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the shape of the slag ladle;
FIG. 6 is an operational flow diagram;
wherein, 1 cinder ladle lid, 2 cinder ladle inner chambers, 3 metering nozzles, 4 sealed cowlings, 5 stopper stick heads, 6 stopper stick poles, 7 stopper stick operation mouths, 8 weir plates, 9 slag pipes, 10 high temperature flues, 11 high temperature flue gas inlets, 12 row cinder nozzles, 13 overhaul inlets, 14 cinder flow measurement and control devices, 15 combustors, 16 combustor inlets, 17 high temperature flue gas outlets, 18 valves, 19 slag inlets, 20 peepholes, 21 accident slag outlets.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 to 6, a liquid slag buffer and flow measurement and control device includes a slag ladle, a combustion device, a flue gas pipeline, a flow measurement and control module and a flow control device; the combustion devices are arranged at the top of the slag ladle and are communicated with the inside of the slag ladle; the side surface of the slag ladle is communicated with a flow measurement and control module, and the slag ladle is connected with the flow measurement and control module through a flue gas pipeline; a flow control device is arranged in the flow measurement and control module and is used for controlling the flow of the slag ladle flowing to the flow measurement and control module;
the flow measurement and control module comprises a liquid slag flow measurement and control device 14, a sealing cover 4, a weir plate 8 and a slag falling pipe 9; the liquid slag flow measurement and control device 14 is of a cavity structure with an opening at the upper part, a sealing cover 4 is arranged above the liquid slag flow measurement and control device 14, and the sealing cover 4 is also in sealing connection with the side wall of the slag ladle; the bottom of the liquid slag flow measuring and controlling device 14 is provided with a slag falling pipe 9, and a weir plate 8 is arranged above the slag falling pipe 9.
The flow control device comprises a stopper rod 6, a stopper rod head 5 and a stopper rod operation port 7; the stopper rod operation opening 7 is arranged on the sealing cover 4, the stopper rod 6 is arranged in the stopper rod operation opening 7, and the stopper rod head 5 is arranged at the end part of the stopper rod 6 positioned in the sealing cover; a metering nozzle 3 is arranged at the communication part of the slag ladle and the flow measurement and control module, and a stopper rod head 5 can be inserted into the metering nozzle 3; a heating device is arranged at the fixed diameter water gap 3.
The flue gas pipeline comprises a high-temperature flue gas outlet 17, a high-temperature flue 10, a high-temperature flue gas inlet 11 and a valve 18; the high-temperature flue gas outlet 17 is arranged at the top of the slag ladle, the high-temperature flue gas inlet 11 is arranged on the flow measurement and control module, one end of the high-temperature flue 10 is connected with the high-temperature flue gas outlet 17, and the other end of the high-temperature flue is connected with the high-temperature flue gas inlet 11; the high temperature flue 10 is provided with a valve 18.
The combustion device comprises a burner 15 and a burner inlet 16; the burner inlets 16 are oppositely arranged or alternately arranged at the top of the slag ladle; each burner inlet 16 is provided with a burner 15; the burner inlet 16 is arranged obliquely.
The slag ladle comprises a slag ladle shell, a slag ladle cover 1 and a slag ladle inner cavity 2; the top of the slag ladle shell is provided with a slag ladle cover 1, and the slag ladle shell and the slag ladle cover 1 form a slag ladle inner cavity 2; one end of the slag ladle shell is provided with a slag inlet 19; the upper part of the other end is provided with a peephole 20, and the lower part of the other end is provided with an accident slag discharge port 21.
The inner part of the slag ladle is of an inclined structure from the end of the slag inlet 19 to the end of the accident slag discharge port 21; an accident diversion trench is arranged outside the accident slag discharge port 21.
The inner bottom of the flow measurement and control module is an inclined structure facing the direction of the slag falling pipe 9; a heating device is arranged below the slag falling pipe 9; a slag discharge port 12 is arranged on the side surface of the flow measurement and control module, which is positioned at the position of the slag falling pipe 9; the slag discharging port 12 is externally provided with a slag guiding groove which is converged into an accident diversion trench at one end of the slag ladle.
The top of the sealing cover 4 is provided with a radar liquid level meter and an infrared thermometer; the side of the sealing cover 4 is provided with a service inlet 13.
The invention discloses a liquid slag caching and flow control device, wherein liquid slag discharged from a blast furnace enters a slag ladle inner cavity 2 from a slag inlet 19 at the top of one end of a slag ladle, is discharged from the slag ladle through a sizing water gap 3 arranged on the side edge of the slag ladle, and flows into a slag flow measurement and control module 14 on the outer side, the flow measurement and control module 14 is provided with a weir plate 8 structure, the inflowing slag stably flows into a slag falling pipe 9 after submerging the weir plate 8 structure and enters a subsequent processing unit, a combustor inlet 16 is arranged on a slag ladle cover 1 and is used for installing a combustor 15, and a high-temperature flue gas outlet 17 is arranged on the other side of the slag ladle cover 1; the upper part of one end of the slag ladle is provided with a slag inlet 19, the bottom of the other end is provided with an accident slag discharge port 21, and the upper part is provided with a peephole 20; an accident diversion trench is arranged outside the accident slag discharge port 21 and is communicated with a water slag pit; the bottom of the inner cavity 2 of the slag ladle is obliquely designed from the end of the slag inlet 19 to the end of the accident slag discharge port 21, and the included angle between the bottom and the horizontal plane is within the range of 5-10 degrees; the sizing water gap 3 is positioned on the side edge of the slag ladle and has a certain distance from the bottom of the slag ladle, and a heating device is arranged at the sizing water gap 3; the upper part of the liquid slag flow measurement and control module 14 is provided with a sealing cover 4, one side of the sealing cover 4 is provided with a stopper rod operating device port 7 and an overhaul inlet 13, the other side of the sealing cover is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet 11, and the top of the sealing cover is provided with a radar liquid level meter and an infrared thermometer; a stopper rod is arranged in the sealing cover 4 and consists of a stopper rod head 5 and a stopper rod 6, and the outside of the sealing cover 4 controls the flow rate by operating the cooperation of the stopper rod head 5 and the metering water gap 3 through a stopper rod operating device opening 7; the bottom of the slag flow measurement and control module 14 is designed to be inclined, the included angle between the bottom and the horizontal plane is 5-10 degrees, and the other end of the slag flow measurement and control module is provided with a slag discharge port 12; a slag guide groove is arranged outside the slag discharge port 12 and is converged into an accident diversion trench at one end of the slag ladle; the top of the slag falling pipe 9 is provided with a weir plate 8 structure, and the outer side of the lower slag falling pipe 9 is provided with a heating device.
A burner inlet 16 which is arranged between the slag ladle covers 1 and used for installing a burner 15 is obliquely and downwards arranged at a certain angle with the horizontal plane, and the burners 15 can be oppositely arranged or arranged at intervals on the slag ladle covers 1; the other side of the slag ladle cover is provided with a high-temperature flue gas outlet 17, the outside of the slag ladle cover is connected with a high-temperature flue 10, the high-temperature flue gas outlet is connected with a high-temperature flue gas inlet 11 on the side edge of the sealing cover, and a valve 18 is arranged on the pipeline.
The accident slag discharging port 21 is positioned at the bottom of one end of the slag ladle, the flow area is the flow area after specific calculation, and calculation can be carried out according to the actual volume of the inner cavity 2 of the slag ladle, so that the requirement that liquid slag is quickly discharged from the slag ladle in a short time is met; the material of the accident slag discharging port 21 is a high-temperature-resistant and abrasion-resistant material, and meanwhile, the accident slag discharging port 21 inclines downwards, and the lower plane of the accident slag discharging port is slightly lower than the bottom of the inner cavity 2 of the slag ladle, so that the complete discharge is ensured; the top is provided with a peephole 20, and devices such as an infrared thermometer, an industrial television and the like can be arranged outside the peephole to monitor the state of the molten slag in the slag ladle.
The sizing water gap 3 is positioned on the side edge of the slag ladle and has a certain distance from the bottom of the slag ladle, so that impurities in the slag ladle, which are deposited at the bottom of the liquid level, are prevented from flowing into and blocking the sizing water gap 3; the metering nozzle 3 can adopt heating modes such as electric heating or inductive heating, and the like, so that the requirement of rapidly melting the slag in the metering nozzle 3 is met, and the flowing smoothness is ensured.
The lower part of the slag flow measurement and control module 14, which is positioned below the stopper rod operating device opening 7, is arranged into an inclined structure, so that the slag of the module can be completely discharged; the periphery of the top of the slag falling pipe 9 is provided with a weir plate 8 structure, slag flowing into the module does not need to flow into the slag falling pipe 9 over the weir plate 8, the fluctuation of the liquid level inside the slag falling pipe 9 is avoided, and the accuracy of liquid level measurement is ensured.
The arrangement structure of the slag ladle can have various arrangement modes according to the actual situation on site, and can be in linear arrangement, annular arrangement or 'return' shape arrangement.
Referring to fig. 5, an operation method of a liquid slag buffer and a flow control device includes a liquid slag buffer operation, a flow measurement and control operation, an online maintenance operation, and an accident handling operation.
The liquid slag caching operation comprises the following steps:
and 3, after preheating to a specified temperature, starting to feed slag from a slag inlet of the slag ladle, monitoring the liquid level height through an industrial television device outside the peephole, and monitoring the temperature of the inner cavity of the slag ladle by adopting an infrared thermometer.
The flow measurement and control operation comprises the following steps:
and 3, in the outflow stage, monitoring the liquid level in the slag falling pipe by adopting a radar liquid level meter at the top of the sealing cover so as to obtain the flow of the slag falling pipe, and controlling the flow by controlling the matching of the stopper rod and the metering nozzle.
The online maintenance operation comprises the following steps:
and 4, after the overhaul is finished, opening the bubble mud at the sizing water port, operating the stopper rod to control the flow, discharging the bubble mud and impurities at the initial stage of slag tapping of the slag ladle from a slag discharge port at the bottom of the side edge of the module, after the impurities are discharged, blocking the slag discharge port, allowing the slag flowing out of the slag ladle to flow into a subsequent processing unit through a slag discharge pipe after the flow control of the stopper rod and the sizing water port, and entering a normal outflow stage to finish the overhaul.
The accident handling operation comprises the following steps:
and 2, opening an accident slag discharge port and the combustor, discharging the slag in the inner cavity of the slag ladle, simultaneously opening the slag discharge port, discharging the slag at the bottom of the liquid slag flow measurement and control module, and performing accident treatment after the slag is discharged.
Example (b):
the device is applied to a liquid slag waste heat recovery system.
A liquid slag waste heat recovery system comprises a slag caching device, a flow control device, a centrifugal granulation device and a moving bed device; one end of the slag buffer device is connected with the slag runner, the other end of the slag buffer device is connected with the inlet end of the flow control device, the outlet end of the flow control device is connected with the inlet end of the centrifugal granulation device, and the outlet end of the centrifugal granulation device is connected with the moving bed device; after being discharged from the slag runner, the liquid slag firstly enters a slag buffer device and then sequentially passes through a flow control device, a centrifugal granulation device and a moving bed device.
The slag caching device comprises a slag ladle body and a slag ladle cover; the slag ladle cover is hermetically arranged above the slag ladle body, and a slag ladle inner cavity is formed between the slag ladle cover and the slag ladle body;
one end of the slag ladle body is provided with a slag inlet, and the other end of the slag ladle body is provided with an accident slag outlet; the slag inlet is connected with the outlet end of the slag runner, and liquid slag enters the inner cavity of the slag ladle through the slag inlet; the accident slag discharge port is used for being connected with an accident diversion trench, and the accident diversion trench is communicated with the grain slag pit;
a slag outlet is arranged on the side wall of the slag ladle body, and a sizing water gap is arranged in the slag outlet; one end of the sizing water gap is connected with the inner cavity of the slag ladle, and the other end of the sizing water gap is connected with the flow control device; a peephole is arranged above the accident slag discharge port; the bottom plate of the slag ladle body is obliquely arranged from the slag inlet end to the accident slag outlet end, and the included angle between the bottom plate and the horizontal plane is 5-10 degrees; one side of the slag ladle cover is provided with a burner inlet, and the burner inlet is used for installing a burner; the other side of the slag ladle cover is provided with a high-temperature flue gas outlet, and the high-temperature flue gas outlet is connected with the flow control device through a high-temperature flue gas channel.
The flow control device comprises an upper sealing cover, a device bottom plate, a slag falling pipe, a weir plate and a stopper rod; the upper sealing cover is arranged on the device bottom plate in a sealing way and is connected with the slag caching device; a stopper rod operation opening, an overhaul inlet and a high-temperature flue gas inlet are formed in the side wall of the upper sealing cover, the stopper rod is installed on the stopper rod operation opening, one end of the stopper rod is used for being connected with the slag outlet, and the other end of the stopper rod extends out of the outer side of the upper sealing cover; the high-temperature flue gas inlet is connected with the outlet end of the high-temperature flue gas channel; a slag falling port is arranged at the bottom of the device bottom plate, one end of a slag falling pipe is connected with the slag falling port, and the other end of the slag falling pipe is connected with a centrifugal granulating device; the upper end of the slag pipe is provided with a weir plate; one side of the device bottom plate is provided with a slag discharge port which is connected with the accident diversion trench; the bottom of the device bottom plate is obliquely arranged.
The granulating device comprises a granulating bin, an annular flue gas collecting box, a granulator, a heat exchange tube bundle, a granulating air distribution pipe and a collecting flue; the granulating bin is arranged below the flow control device, and the inlet end of the granulating bin is connected with the outlet end of the flow control device; the annular smoke collecting box is arranged at the inlet end of the granulating bin, one end of the annular smoke collecting box is communicated with the granulating bin, and the other end of the annular smoke collecting box is connected with the granulating bin through a collecting flue; the granulator is arranged in the center of the interior of the granulation bin and is arranged right opposite to the outlet end of the flow control device; the heat exchange tube bundles are uniformly arranged in the granulating bin, and the granulating air distribution pipe is arranged below the heat exchange tube bundles.
Lay the membrane type water wall on the inner wall in graining storehouse, the membrane type water wall includes water wall pipe, water wall pipe side iron and air-out osculum, and water wall pipe is vertical upwards to be set up, connects through water wall pipe side iron between two adjacent water wall pipes, is provided with the air-out osculum on the water wall pipe side iron.
The moving bed device comprises a heat exchange bin, a slag cotton scraper, a flattening device, a roller crushing device and an air distribution mechanism.
The heat exchange bin is arranged below the granulating bin, the center of the heat exchange bin is provided with an installation space of the granulating device, and the granulating rotating cup is installed in the installation space; slag cotton scrapers are arranged on two sides of the granulating rotating cup and are arranged at the joint of the heat exchange bin and the granulating rotating cup; a material flattening device is arranged below the slag cotton scraper, a roller crushing device is arranged below the material flattening device, and an air distribution mechanism is arranged below the roller crushing device;
the slag cotton scrapers are arranged on two sides of the granulation rotating cup in an angle of 180 degrees and adopt a zigzag structure; the slag wool scraper can reciprocate on the side surface of the granulation rotating cup, so that the slag wool around the granulation rotating cup is cut off, and the cut slag wool falls into the heat exchange bin under the action of gravity; the slag wool scraper is made of 310S stainless steel high-temperature-resistant materials.
The material flattening device is arranged below the slag wool scraper and is positioned at the upper high-temperature section of the heat exchange bin; the material flattening devices are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the granulating rotating cup and are connected with the motor, and the material flattening devices are driven by the motor to reciprocate, so that the material bed surface is carded in a reciprocating manner, and the effect of material bed uniformity is achieved. The material leveling device adopts air-cooled rakes which are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the granulation rotating cup, and the air-cooled rakes are uniformly provided with air exhaust devices.
The roller crushing device is arranged below the material flattening device and is positioned at the middle temperature part of the heat exchange bin; the roller crushing devices are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the granulation rotating cup, the roller crushing devices adopt a plurality of air-cooled roller crushing devices which are arranged in pairs, the air-cooled roller crushing devices are connected with two ends of the heat exchange bin, and the rotating directions of each pair of air-cooled roller crushing devices are different; the slag blocks or slag cotton clusters with larger grain diameters are cut off through the air-cooled roller crushing device, the slag blocks or slag cotton clusters with larger grain diameters form small slag blocks after being crushed by the air-cooled roller crushing device, and the small slag blocks continue to exchange heat in the heat exchange bin.
The air distribution mechanism comprises a first-stage air distribution pipe and a second-stage air distribution pipe, the first-stage air distribution pipe is arranged at the bottom of the heat exchange bin, and the second-stage air distribution pipe is arranged above the first-stage air distribution pipe; both ends of the first-stage air distribution pipe and the second-stage air distribution pipe are flexibly connected with the side wall of the heat exchange bin and connected with the vibration motor; a plurality of first air supply air caps are uniformly arranged on the first-stage air distribution pipe, and the distance between every two adjacent first air supply air caps is more than 2 times of the diameter of the first-stage air distribution pipe;
the second-stage air distribution pipe has three arrangement forms:
1) a plurality of inverted U-shaped structures are uniformly arranged on the second-stage air distribution pipe at intervals, openings of the inverted U-shaped structures are downward, the arc sections extend upward, and second air supply air caps are arranged above the arc sections of the inverted U-shaped structures;
2) a plurality of inverted U-shaped structures are uniformly arranged on the second-stage air distribution pipe at intervals, the openings of the inverted U-shaped structures are downward, the arc sections extend upward, and air outlets are arranged below the arc sections of the inverted U-shaped structures;
3) a plurality of vertical air pipes are uniformly arranged on the second-stage air distribution pipe at intervals, and air caps are arranged at the upper ends of the vertical air pipes.
Wherein, the height of the inverted U-shaped structure can extend into the material layer above 800 ℃.
According to the liquid slag waste heat recovery system, liquid slag is discharged from a slag runner and then sequentially passes through a slag caching device, a flow control device, a centrifugal granulating device, a moving bed device and a slag discharging module; the waste heat recovery medium is air and water, wherein the air sequentially passes through the moving bed device, the centrifugal granulating device, the high-temperature flue and the waste heat boiler, and the water sequentially passes through the economizer, the moving bed device, the centrifugal granulating device, the waste heat boiler and the superheater heating surface module.
Liquid slag enters an inner cavity of the slag caching device from a slag inlet at the upper part of one end of the slag caching device, is discharged from a sizing water inlet arranged at the side edge of the slag caching device and flows into a liquid slag flow control device at the outer side, the flow control device is provided with a weir plate structure, and the inflowing slag stably flows into a slag falling pipe after passing through the weir plate structure and enters a centrifugal granulation module; meanwhile, a combustor inlet is arranged on the slag caching device cover and used for installing a combustor; a high-temperature flue gas outlet is formed in the other side of the slag caching device cover; the upper part of one end of the slag caching device is provided with a slag inlet, the bottom of the other end of the slag caching device is provided with an accident slag outlet, and the upper part of the slag caching device is provided with a peephole; an accident diversion trench is arranged outside the accident slag discharge port and is communicated into a water slag pit; the bottom of the inner cavity of the slag caching device is obliquely designed from a slag inlet end to an accident slag discharge end, and the included angle between the bottom of the inner cavity of the slag caching device and the horizontal plane is within the range of 5-10 degrees; the sizing water gap is positioned at the side edge of the slag caching device and has a certain distance from the bottom of the slag caching device, and a heating device is arranged at the sizing water gap; the upper part of the liquid slag flow control device is provided with a sealing cover, one side of the sealing cover is provided with a stopper rod operation device port and an overhaul inlet, the other side of the sealing cover is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet, and the top of the sealing cover is provided with a radar liquid level meter and an infrared thermometer; a stopper rod is arranged in the sealing cover and consists of a stopper rod head and a stopper rod, and the flow is controlled by operating the stopper rod head to be matched with the metering water gap through a stopper rod operating device opening on the outer side of the sealing cover; the bottom of the liquid slag flow control device is designed to be inclined, the included angle between the bottom of the liquid slag flow control device and the horizontal plane is 5-10 degrees, and the other end of the liquid slag flow control device is provided with a slag discharge port; a slag guide groove is arranged outside the slag discharge port and is converged into an accident diversion trench positioned at one end of the slag buffer device; the top of the slag falling pipe is provided with a weir plate structure, and the outer side of the lower slag falling pipe is provided with a heating device.
The slag buffer device can be arranged in a rectangular structure, a square-shaped structure or a circular structure according to the field space, and the flow control devices are uniformly or non-uniformly distributed on the outer side surface of the slag buffer device.
The combustor inlet used for installing the combustor and arranged between the slag caching device covers is obliquely and downwards arranged at a certain angle with the horizontal plane, the other side of the slag caching device cover is provided with a high-temperature flue gas outlet, the outside of the slag caching device cover is connected with a high-temperature flue gas inlet on the side edge of the sealing cover, and the pipeline is provided with a valve. The combustor adopts a single mode or a mode of multiple symmetrical arrangement and staggered arrangement. The lower part of the slag flow control device, which is positioned below the opening of the stopper rod operating device, is provided with an inclined structure to ensure that the slag of the module can be discharged completely; the periphery of the top of the slag falling pipe is provided with a weir plate structure, slag flowing into the module flows into the slag falling pipe without passing through the weir plate, the fluctuation of the liquid level inside the slag falling pipe is avoided, and the accuracy of liquid level measurement is ensured.
In the centrifugal granulating module, a membrane water-cooling wall is laid on the inner wall of the granulating bin, and the water-cooling wall is vertically arranged upwards. The middle of the water-cooling wall iron is provided with a small hole which has a certain inclination angle. The flue gas in the granulating bin is led out from the flue gas outlet gap, the led-out flue gas is collected in the flue gas annular collecting box, and finally the flue gas flows into equipment such as a waste heat boiler and the like through the collecting flue. The position of the smoke outlet gap mainly has the following two embodiments:
a) and the periphery of the top of the granulating bin is provided with a smoke outlet gap, smoke flows into the smoke annular collecting box through the smoke outlet gap on the periphery of the granulating bin, and finally the smoke annular collecting box is provided with a collecting flue to lead out the smoke.
b) And smoke outlet gaps are formed around the slag falling pipe in the center of the granulating bin, smoke flows into the smoke annular collecting box through the smoke outlet gaps in the center of the granulating bin, and finally a collecting flue is formed on the smoke annular collecting box to lead out the smoke.
The slag cotton scrapers are arranged at the connecting section of the moving bed waste heat recovery device and the granulation rotating cup, are arranged on two sides of the granulation rotating cup at 180 degrees, and are made of 310S stainless steel high-temperature-resistant materials according to the structural design of sawteeth. At the initial stage of operation of the waste heat recovery system, when the rotating speed of the granulator is too high or the temperature of equipment is too low, a large amount of slag wool is formed in the centrifugal granulation process. After the slag wool is generated, in order to prevent the slag wool from agglomerating around the rotor, a sawtooth scraper capable of reciprocating is arranged on the side surface of the rotor, and the slag wool around the rotor is cut off. The high-temperature section at the upper part of the moving bed is provided with the air cooling harrow, the air cooling harrow is arranged at two sides by adopting a symmetrical structure, the air cooling harrow is driven by a motor to comb the surface of the material layer in a reciprocating way to play a role of material layer homogenization, and meanwhile, the air cooling harrow is provided with the air exhausting devices which are symmetrically distributed to play a role of heat exchange enhancement at the high-temperature section of the bed. The lower part of the air-cooled rake, namely the middle temperature section of the moving bed, is provided with the air-cooled roller crushing device, the crushing device is the same as the air-cooled rake, the air-cooled roller crushing device and the air-cooled rake are symmetrically distributed and arranged at two ends in a bin, each pair of air-cooled rollers are driven by a motor to rotate along different directions during working, and the material layer of the moving bed is discharged more smoothly by utilizing the action of shearing force. The lower part of the moving bed, namely the low-temperature section, is provided with a multi-stage air supply hood, and on the premise of ensuring enough air supply, the distance between the air supply hood and the air supply pipe can be designed to be more than 2 times of the diameter of the air supply pipe, so that the bottom of the moving bed can not be blocked by slag blocks and slag wool. Meanwhile, an upper air supply pipe of a secondary air supply hood at the bottom of the moving bed extends upwards at certain intervals to form an inverted U-shaped air pipe. The air pipe and the side wall of the moving bed are connected through flexible connection, and the vibration motor drives the air pipe to vibrate, so that smooth discharging is guaranteed. According to the practical situation, the inverted U-shaped air pipe can be arranged high enough to enter a material layer above the medium-temperature section, so that the waste heat recovery is further enhanced.
Before the liquid slag waste heat recovery system is started, flue gas of the baking slag buffer device enters the high-temperature flue along the high-temperature flue gas outlet, firstly enters the liquid slag flow control device on the outer side, then enters the centrifugal granulating device on the lower part through the slag dropping pipe, and finally flows into the moving bed device through the centrifugal granulating device. After the high-temperature flue gas enters the system for a period of time, the waste heat recovery of the system is started. Whole flue gas plays the effect of drying the package and preheating at the in-process that gets into each waste heat recovery system, because the part of whole system comprises high temperature resistant metal mostly, and the price is expensive. If the flue gas preheating process is lacked, waste heat recovery is directly carried out, high-temperature liquid slag is in direct contact with equipment, the deformation of internal components of the system can be caused, the service life of the equipment is influenced, the maintenance cost is increased, and unnecessary economic loss is caused.
The slag caching device in the slag waste heat recovery system comprises a slag ladle, a combustion device and a flue gas pipeline; the combustion devices are arranged at the top of the slag ladle cover and are communicated with the inner cavity of the slag ladle; the side surface of the slag ladle is communicated with a flow control device, and the slag ladle body is connected with the flow control device through a high-temperature flue gas pipeline and a slag outlet; the flow control device is used for controlling the flow of the slag ladle to the flow control device;
the flow control device comprises an upper sealing cover, a device bottom plate weir plate, a slag falling pipe and a stopper rod; the upper sealing cover is also connected with the side wall of the slag ladle body in a sealing way; the bottom of the liquid slag flow measuring and controlling device is provided with a slag falling pipe, and a weir plate is arranged above the slag falling pipe.
The stopper rod comprises a stopper rod and a stopper rod head; the stopper rod operation opening is arranged on the sealing cover, the stopper rod is arranged in the stopper rod operation opening, and a stopper rod head is arranged at the end part of the stopper rod positioned in the sealing cover; a sizing water gap is arranged at the communicating part of the slag ladle and the flow control device, the stopper rod head can be inserted into the sizing water gap, and a heating device is arranged at the sizing water gap.
The flue gas pipeline comprises a high-temperature flue gas outlet, a high-temperature flue gas inlet and a valve; the high-temperature flue gas outlet is arranged at the top of the slag ladle, the high-temperature flue gas inlet is arranged on the flow control device, one end of the high-temperature flue is connected with the high-temperature flue gas outlet, and the other end of the high-temperature flue is connected with the high-temperature flue gas inlet; the high-temperature flue is provided with a valve.
The inlets of the plurality of burners are oppositely arranged or alternately arranged on the top of the slag ladle cover; each combustor inlet is provided with a combustor; the combustor inlet is arranged obliquely.
The inner part of the slag ladle is of an inclined structure from the slag inlet end to the accident slag outlet end; an accident diversion trench is arranged outside the accident slag discharge port.
The bottom plate of the flow control device is an inclined structure facing the direction of the slag dropping pipe; a heating device is arranged below the slag falling pipe; a slag discharge port is formed in the side surface of the flow control device at the position of the slag falling pipe; and a slag guide groove is arranged outside the slag discharge port and is converged into an accident diversion trench positioned at one end of the slag ladle. The top of the sealing cover is provided with a radar liquid level meter and an infrared thermometer; the side of the sealing cover is provided with an overhaul inlet.
The slag ladle is provided with the slag ladle accident slag discharge port, the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the slag ladle is designed in an inclined mode, liquid slag in the inner cavity of the slag ladle can be rapidly discharged in a short time in the stage of slag discharge or accident treatment, and fillers are injected into the slag ladle accident slag discharge port under the normal operation condition; if the slag is discharged urgently, when the liquid slag in the slag ladle inner cavity needs to be discharged urgently, the filler in the slag ladle accident slag discharging port can be communicated, so that the high-temperature liquid slag in the slag ladle inner cavity is discharged quickly, and the liquid slag can be effectively prevented from being cooled and condensed in the slag ladle inner cavity; the flow area of the accident slag discharging port is the flow area after specific calculation, and can be calculated according to the actual volume of the inner cavity of the slag ladle, and basically the requirement that liquid slag is discharged from the inner cavity of the slag ladle within 3-5 minutes needs to be met; the material of the emergency deslagging metering nozzle is a high-temperature wear-resistant corrosion-resistant material, and meanwhile, the lower plane of the emergency deslagging metering nozzle is lower than the bottom of the inner cavity of the slag ladle and inclines downwards, so that the complete drainage is ensured.
One or more burners can be arranged on the side edge of the slag ladle cover according to the volume of the actual slag ladle and are used for preheating and supplementing heat to the inner cavity of the slag ladle; the outlet of the burner is inclined downwards in the slag ladle, so that the heating function is met, and meanwhile, the horizontally arranged burner is prevented from baking the same part of the slag ladle cover at high temperature, and the slag ladle cover is prevented from cracking.
The slag ladle cover is provided with a high-temperature flue gas outlet which is connected with a high-temperature flue gas inlet arranged on the side edge of a sealing cover through a high-temperature flue with a valve, so that high-temperature flue gas generated in the inner cavity of the slag ladle in the heating stage is guided into the sealing cover, a liquid slag flow control device is preheated and then is converged into a subsequent flue gas processing unit; the structure not only utilizes the smoke generated by the heat compensation preheating of the burner, but also achieves the aim of preheating the device of the flow control device, fully utilizes the heat and improves the energy utilization rate.
The bottom of the flow control device is designed to be inclined, a certain included angle is formed between the bottom of the flow control device and the horizontal plane, a slag discharging port is formed in the other end of the flow control device, and a slag guiding groove is formed in the outer portion of the slag discharging port and converges into an accident guiding groove located at one end of a slag ladle; the design of the structure of the inclined bottom surface and the slag discharging port can open the slag discharging port at the system starting stage, completely discharge the filler in the sizing water port from the slag discharging port, then seal the slag discharging port and enter the normal operation stage; meanwhile, the design of the inclined bottom surface can ensure that liquid slag is completely discharged from the flow control device in the maintenance and shutdown stages, and the residues are prevented from being bonded on the surface of equipment to cause damage.
In the invention, the top of the slag falling pipe of the flow control device is provided with a weir plate, liquid slag in the inner cavity of the slag ladle is discharged through a metering nozzle and enters the flow control device, and the slag on the bottom plate of the flow control device can only pass through the weir plate and enter the slag falling pipe when the liquid level reaches the height of the weir plate, thus entering a subsequent link; the fluctuation of the liquid level in the slag falling pipe can be reduced to a great extent through the verification of numerical simulation and experiments, the accuracy of measuring the liquid level by adopting a radar liquid level meter is improved, the flow measurement and control are more accurate, and the follow-up treatment link is also benefited.
The above description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and any structural changes, improvements, modifications, etc. made without departing from the principle of the present invention are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The operation method of the liquid slag caching and flow control device is characterized by comprising the steps of liquid slag caching operation, flow measurement and control operation, online maintenance operation and accident handling operation.
2. A method of operating a liquid slag buffer and flow control device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid slag buffer operation comprises the steps of:
step 1, firstly, a burner (15) positioned on a slag ladle cover (1) is started to preheat an inner cavity (2) of the slag ladle;
step 2, after the inner cavity (2) of the slag ladle is preheated to a preset temperature, a valve (18) on the high-temperature flue (10) is opened, high-temperature flue gas in the inner cavity (2) of the slag ladle is guided into the sealing cover (4), a liquid slag flow measurement and control module (14) in the sealing cover (4) is preheated, and after the slag falling pipe (9) is preheated, the high-temperature flue gas enters a subsequent processing unit through the slag falling pipe (9);
and 3, after the slag ladle is preheated to the specified temperature, starting to feed slag from a slag inlet (19) of the slag ladle, monitoring the liquid level height through an industrial television device outside the peephole (20), and monitoring the temperature of the inner cavity (2) of the slag ladle by adopting an infrared thermometer.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the flow measurement and control operation comprises the steps of:
step 1, when the slag liquid level of a slag ladle inner cavity (2) reaches a normal operation liquid level range obtained through calculation, opening a slag discharge port (12) at the bottom of the side edge of a liquid slag flow measurement and control module (14), then opening a metering nozzle (3), and simultaneously inserting a stopper rod to be matched with the metering nozzle (3) for flow control;
step 2, in the initial stage of slag tapping of the slag ladle, filler and impurities for plugging the sizing nozzle (3) enter a liquid slag flow measurement and control module (14) and then are discharged from a slag discharge port (12) at the bottom of the side edge of the module, after the impurities are discharged, the slag discharge port (12) is plugged, slag flowing out of the inner cavity (2) of the slag ladle enters the liquid slag flow measurement and control module (14) after flowing through the stopper rod and the sizing nozzle, then does not pass through the structure of a weir plate (8), stably enters a slag dropping pipe (9) and flows into a subsequent processing unit, and then enters a normal outflow stage;
and 3, in the outflow stage, monitoring the liquid level in the slag falling pipe (9) by adopting a radar liquid level meter at the top of the sealing cover (4) so as to obtain the flow of the slag falling pipe (9), and controlling the flow by controlling the matching of the stopper rod and the metering nozzle (3).
4. A method of operating a liquid slag buffer and flow control device according to claim 1, wherein the on-line maintenance operation comprises the steps of:
step 1, operating a stopper rod at a stopper rod operation port (7) outside a sealing cover (4), matching the stopper rod with a metering nozzle (3), closing the metering nozzle (3) to stop slag discharge, simultaneously opening a slag discharge port (12) at the bottom of the side edge of a liquid slag flow measurement and control module (14), and discharging the slag stored in the module;
step 2, after the slag deposit of the liquid slag flow measurement and control module (14) is discharged, opening an overhaul inlet (13) of the sealing cover (4), and injecting foam mud into the metering nozzle (3) for plugging;
step 3, after the temperature in the sealing cover (4) is reduced to the room temperature, the liquid slag flow measurement and control module (14) or a subsequent processing unit is overhauled;
and 4, after the overhaul is finished, opening the bubble mud at the sizing nozzle (3), simultaneously operating the stopper rod to control the flow, discharging the bubble mud and impurities at the initial stage of slag ladle slag discharging from a slag discharge hole (12) at the bottom of the side edge of the module, plugging the slag discharge hole (12) after the impurities are discharged, allowing the slag flowing out of the slag ladle to flow into a subsequent processing unit through a slag falling pipe (9) after the flow control of the stopper rod and the sizing nozzle (3), entering a normal outflow stage, and finishing the overhaul.
5. A method of operating a liquid slag buffer and flow control device according to claim 1, wherein the accident management operation comprises the steps of:
step 1, firstly, stopping slag feeding from a slag inlet (19) of a slag ladle, operating a stopper rod to be matched with a metering nozzle (3), and stopping slag discharging from the slag ladle to a liquid flow measurement and control module (14) and subsequent units;
and 2, opening an accident slag discharge port (21) and a combustor (15), discharging the deposited slag in the inner cavity (2) of the slag ladle, simultaneously opening a slag discharge port (12), discharging the deposited slag at the bottom of the liquid slag flow measurement and control module (14), and performing accident treatment after the slag is discharged.
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