CN111072084A - Seawater desalination system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a seawater desalination system, which comprises a distiller, wherein a plurality of distillation pipes are distributed in the distiller side by side, a hydrophilic coating is sprayed on the periphery of each distillation pipe, the inlet ends and the outlet ends of the distillation pipes are communicated through a first water pipe, the first water pipe is communicated with a fresh water tank and an electric heater, a spray pipe is arranged in the distiller, spray heads are distributed on the spray pipe, the spray pipe is positioned above the distillation pipes, the spray pipe is communicated with a seawater tank through a second water pipe, a water inlet pump is arranged on the second water pipe, a steam outlet and an overflow water outlet are also arranged on the distiller, the steam outlet is communicated with a condensate tank through a third pipeline, and a condenser is arranged on the third pipeline. The invention sprays hydrophilic coating on the periphery of the distillation tube, so that water drops form uniform liquid film when dropping on the distillation tube, thereby improving evaporation efficiency.

Description

Seawater desalination system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, in particular to a seawater desalination system.

Background

China is a country with serious shortage of water resources, the per-capita fresh water resource amount is only 2125 cubic meters, which is only one fourth of the per-capita occupation amount of the world, and the per-capita fresh water resource amount is listed as one of 13 water-poor countries by the united nations. At present, the water shortage in normal years of China is about 400 billion cubic meters, and the water shortage in irrigation is about 300 billion cubic meters. In 660 cities across the country, there are 400 cities that are water deficient, 108 of which are heavily water deficient. Therefore, how to solve the shortage of fresh water resources and even the water crisis is a major problem in the sustainable development process of the economic society of China.

The existing seawater desalination device is mainly of distillation type, reverse osmosis type, electrodialysis type and the like, and the most widely applied device is of distillation type. The patent publication No. CN104150548B discloses a seawater desalination system, which comprises a seawater inlet for introducing seawater, a concentrated seawater outlet and a heating device, wherein the seawater enters from the seawater inlet, the seawater inlet is connected to the heat obtaining side of the heating device, the heat obtaining side is communicated to an evaporator, the evaporator is also connected with a steam outlet and a concentrated seawater outlet, a porous medium material which is in contact with the seawater is arranged in the evaporator, and a part of seawater is evaporated into steam and is discharged from the steam outlet; the other part of the concentrated seawater is discharged from the concentrated seawater discharge port; the steam outlet of the evaporator is connected with a vacuum device which keeps the evaporator and the steam outlet passage in vacuum; the evaporator comprises an injection valve, the seawater is pressurized and driven by an injection pump, is injected onto the redistribution pore plate from the injection valve, and drips onto the porous medium material through the redistribution pore plate; a condenser is also arranged between the vacuum device and the steam outlet of the evaporator, the seawater inlet is connected to the heat-gaining side of the condenser, and the seawater outlet of the heat-gaining side is connected to the heating device; the heat dissipation side of the condenser is contacted with the water vapor to form condensed fresh water, and the condensed fresh water is discharged to a fresh water tank through a fresh water pump. However, the seawater in the system is directly evaporated in the evaporator, and the evaporation efficiency is low, so that the output rate of the whole desalination system is low.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a seawater desalination system to solve various problems in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a seawater desalination system, includes the distiller, has a plurality of distillation columns side by side distributed in this distiller, and the spraying has hydrophilic coating in the periphery of this distillation column, through first water pipe intercommunication between the entrance point of distillation column and the exit end, this first water pipe and fresh water tank and electric heater intercommunication be provided with the shower in the distiller, it has the shower nozzle to distribute on this shower, the shower is located the top of distillation column, the shower passes through second water pipe and seawater tank intercommunication, sets up the intake pump on this second water pipe still be provided with vapor outlet and overflow water outlet on the distiller, vapor outlet passes through third pipeline and condensate tank intercommunication, is provided with the condenser on this third pipeline.

Above-mentioned technical scheme, water in the seawater tank passes through the second water pipe and gets into the shower, spray on the distillation tube, water in the fresh water tank gets into the distillation tube after being heated to high temperature, soak the liquid on the distillation tube periphery and evaporate under high temperature, vapor after the evaporation gets into the condenser condensation through the third pipeline and gets into the condensate tank after becoming the liquid form, because the periphery spraying of distillation tube has hydrophilic coating, form even liquid film when making the water droplet drip to the distillation tube, evaporation efficiency has been improved.

Preferably, the steam outlet is disposed at an upper end of the distiller, and the overflow water outlet is disposed at a lower end of the distiller.

Preferably, the distiller is further communicated with a vacuum pump through a fifth pipeline, and a vacuum gauge is arranged at the connection position of the fifth pipeline and the distiller.

So set up, before the evaporation began, earlier bleed through the vacuum pump and produce initial vacuum in to the distiller, improve distillation efficiency and precision.

Preferably, a valve, a water inlet flow meter and a thermocouple are arranged on the second water pipe.

So set up, through the shower water of valve, intake pump control entering distiller in, it can monitor the temperature that gets into in the nozzle to establish the thermocouple on the second pipeline, guarantees system normal operating.

Preferably, a steam flow meter and a thermocouple are provided on the third pipe.

So configured, the steam outlet temperature is monitored by the thermocouple to adjust the optimum operating parameters of the condenser.

Preferably, a thermocouple is disposed in said first water line adjacent to said inlet end of said distillation tube.

So set up, monitor the temperature that gets into the distillation tube through the thermocouple, avoid the temperature to hang down excessively or too high to produce the influence to the distillation process.

Preferably, the two ends of the distillation tube are connected in the distiller through flanges, each flange comprises an inner ring which is in sealing connection with the inner wall of the distiller, the outer side of each inner ring is connected with an outer ring, a fixed disc is connected onto each outer ring, a sealing ring is arranged at the joint of each outer ring and the corresponding fixed disc, and the end part of the distillation tube is connected onto the corresponding fixed disc.

So set up, fix the distillation tube through this flange, sealing connection between flange and the distiller guarantees the leakproofness in the distiller simultaneously, improves distillation efficiency.

Preferably, the outer diameter of the outer ring is the same as the outer diameter of the inner ring, the inner diameter of the inner ring is larger than the inner diameter of the outer ring, and the diameter of the fixed disc is larger than the inner diameter of the outer ring.

Preferably, the preparation method of the hydrophilic coating comprises the following steps:

adding butyl titanate into ethanol, then adding acetylacetone and methyl methacrylate, and stirring for 30 minutes to form a precursor solution, wherein the molar ratio of each substance is as follows: butyl titanate: ethanol: acetylacetone: methyl methacrylate-1: 12: 0.5: 0.5;

adding nitric acid or ammonia water into the precursor solution, and adjusting the pH range of the precursor solution to 2-8;

and (3) slowly adding a mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water into the precursor solution, wherein in the mixed solution, the ratio of ethanol: deionized water is 6:4 (molar ratio), the dropping speed is 2-3 drops/second, and the stirring is continued for 1 hour;

aging the mixed solution in the step (3) for more than 24 hours in a thermostatic water bath at 50-70 ℃ to form stable TiO₂Sol;

step (5), respectively placing the distillation tube in 5% HF solution and acetone solution, and ultrasonically cleaning for 20 min; then ultrasonically cleaning the mixture for 10min by using deionized water, and finally drying the mixture in a vacuum drying oven for later use;

step (6), coating a film by a spin coating process, and carrying out coating on the TiO obtained in the step (4)₂Uniformly dripping the sol on the surface of a distillation tube to form a thin liquid film, rotationally coating, drying in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for 0.5h, cooling to room temperature, coating again, repeating for 3-5 times to form TiO₂Coating;

and (7) placing the coated distillation tube into a muffle furnace for calcination, keeping the temperature for 3 hours at 450-550 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, water in the seawater tank is conveyed into the spray pipe through the second water pipe and sprayed on the distillation pipe, the water in the fresh water tank is heated to a high temperature and then enters the distillation pipe, liquid soaked on the periphery of the distillation pipe is evaporated at a high temperature, evaporated steam enters the condenser through the third pipeline and is condensed into a liquid state and then enters the condensed water tank, the seawater desalination treatment is realized, and the hydrophilic coating is sprayed on the periphery of the distillation pipe, so that water drops can form a uniform liquid film when dropping on the distillation pipe, the evaporation efficiency is improved, and the seawater desalination treatment efficiency is further improved.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the flange and the distillation tube in fig. 1.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it is to be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, a communication between two elements, a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, and specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

The seawater desalination system shown in the attached figures 1-2 comprises a distiller 1, wherein a plurality of distillation pipes 2 are distributed in the distiller 1 side by side through flanges 8, hydrophilic coatings are sprayed on the periphery of the distillation pipes 2, the inlet ends and the outlet ends of the distillation pipes 2 are communicated through a first water pipe 3, the first water pipe 3 is communicated with a fresh water tank 31 and an electric heater 32, and a thermocouple is arranged on the first water pipe 3 close to the inlet end of the distillation pipe 2 to monitor the temperature entering the distillation pipe 2. Be provided with shower 4 in distiller 1, it has shower nozzle 40 to distribute on this shower 4, and shower 4 is located the top of distillation tube 2, and shower 4 passes through second water pipe 5 and seawater tank 52 intercommunication, sets up intake pump 53 on this second water pipe 5, is provided with valve, water inflow flowmeter and thermocouple on second water pipe 5.

Still be provided with vapor outlet 11 and overflow water outlet 10 on distiller 1, vapor outlet 11 sets up in the upper end of distiller 1, and vapor outlet 11 is through third pipeline 6 and condensate tank 62 intercommunication, is provided with condenser 61 on this third pipeline 6, simultaneously, is provided with steam flowmeter and thermocouple on third pipeline 6. The overflow water outlet 10 is provided at the lower end of the distiller 1. The overflow water outlet 10 is led out through a pipeline for subsequent treatment.

In order to ensure the vacuum degree in the distiller 1, the distiller 1 is also communicated with a vacuum pump 71 through a fifth pipeline 7, and a vacuum meter is arranged at the connection part of the fifth pipeline 7 and the distiller 1.

As can be seen from fig. 2 in conjunction with fig. 1, two ends of the distillation tube 2 are connected in the distiller 1 through flanges 8, each flange 8 includes an inner ring 81 connected with the inner wall of the distiller 1 in a sealing manner, an outer ring 82 is connected to the outer side of the inner ring 81, a fixed disc 83 is connected to the outer ring 82, a sealing ring is arranged at the joint of the outer ring 82 and the fixed disc 83, and the end of the distillation tube 2 is connected to the fixed disc 83. The outer diameter of the outer ring 82 is the same as the outer diameter of the inner ring 81, the inner diameter of the inner ring 81 is larger than the inner diameter of the outer ring 82, and the diameter of the fixed disk 83 is larger than the inner diameter of the outer ring 82 and smaller than the inner diameter of the inner ring 81.

In a first embodiment, the hydrophilic coating is prepared by the following steps:

step (1) of adding butyl titanate (Ti (OBu))₄) Slowly adding into ethanol, and then adding acetylacetone (CH)₃COCH₂COCH₃) And methyl methacrylate (CH2CCH3COOCH3) and rapidly stirring for 30 minutes to form a precursor solution, wherein the molar ratio of each substance is as follows: ti (OBu)₄: ethanol: CH (CH)₃COCH₂COCH₃：CH₂CCH₃COOCH₃＝1:6:0.5：0.5；

Adding nitric acid into the precursor solution, and adjusting the pH value of the precursor solution to 2;

and (3) slowly adding a mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water into the precursor solution, wherein in the mixed solution, the ratio of ethanol: deionized water is 6:4 (molar ratio), the dropping speed is 2-3 drops/second, and the stirring is continued for 1 hour;

aging the mixed solution in the step (3) for more than 24 hours in a constant-temperature water bath at 50 ℃ to form stable TiO₂Sol; all the operations are carried out in a constant-temperature water bath at 30 ℃;

step (5), respectively placing the distillation tube in an HF (5%) solution and an acetone solution, and ultrasonically cleaning for 20 min; then ultrasonically cleaning the mixture for 10min by using deionized water, and finally drying the mixture in a vacuum drying oven for later use;

step (6), coating a film through a spin coating process, placing the distillation tube on a tray of a spin coater, and placing the TiO obtained in the step (4)₂Uniformly dropping the sol on the surface of a distillation tube to form a thin liquid film, rotationally coating at a rotating speed and a rotating time (10 s at a low speed of 600rpm and 20s at a high speed of 2500 rpm), drying in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for 0.5h, cooling to room temperature, coating again, repeating for 3-5 times to form TiO₂Coating;

and (7) placing the coated distillation tube in a muffle furnace for calcining at the temperature of 450 ℃ for 3 hours, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the hydrophilic coating.

Example two, the hydrophilic coating was prepared by the following steps:

step (1) of adding butyl titanate (Ti (OBu))₄) Slowly adding into ethanol, and then adding acetylacetone (CH)₃COCH₂COCH₃) And methyl methacrylate (CH2CCH3COOCH3) and rapidly stirring for 30 minutes to form a precursor solution, wherein the molar ratio of each substance is as follows: ti (OBu)₄: ethanol: CH (CH)₃COCH₂COCH₃：CH₂CCH₃COOCH₃＝1:6:0.5：0.5；

Adding nitric acid into the precursor solution, and adjusting the pH value of the precursor solution to 5;

and (3) slowly adding a mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water into the precursor solution, wherein in the mixed solution, the ratio of ethanol: deionized water is 6:4 (molar ratio), the dropping speed is 2-3 drops/second, and the stirring is continued for 1 hour;

aging the mixed solution in the step (3) for more than 24 hours in a constant-temperature water bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ to form stable TiO₂Sol; all the operations are carried out in a constant-temperature water bath at 30 ℃;

step (5), respectively placing the distillation tube in an HF (5%) solution and an acetone solution, and ultrasonically cleaning for 20 min; then ultrasonically cleaning the mixture for 10min by using deionized water, and finally drying the mixture in a vacuum drying oven for later use;

step (6), coating a film through a spin coating process, placing the distillation tube on a tray of a spin coater, and placing the TiO obtained in the step (4)₂Uniformly dropping the sol on the surface of a distillation tube to form a thin liquid film, rotationally coating at a rotating speed and a rotating time (10 s at a low speed of 600rpm and 20s at a high speed of 2500 rpm), drying in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for 0.5h, cooling to room temperature, coating again, repeating for 3-5 times to form TiO₂Coating;

and (7) placing the coated distillation tube into a muffle furnace for calcining at 550 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the hydrophilic coating.

Example three, the hydrophilic coating was prepared by the following steps:

step (1) of adding butyl titanate (Ti (OBu))₄) Slowly adding into ethanol, and then adding acetylacetone (CH)₃COCH₂COCH₃) And methyl methacrylate (CH2CCH3COOCH3) and rapidly stirring for 30 minutes to form a precursor solution, wherein the molar ratio of each substance is as follows: ti (OBu)₄: ethanol: CH (CH)₃COCH₂COCH₃：CH₂CCH₃COOCH₃＝1:6:0.5：0.5；

Adding ammonia water into the precursor solution, and adjusting the pH value of the precursor solution to 8;

and (3) slowly adding a mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water into the precursor solution, wherein in the mixed solution, the ratio of ethanol: deionized water is 6:4 (molar ratio), the dropping speed is 2-3 drops/second, and the stirring is continued for 1 hour;

step (4) of mixingAging the mixed solution in the step (3) for more than 24 hours in a constant-temperature water bath at 70 ℃ to form stable TiO₂Sol; all the operations are carried out in a constant-temperature water bath at 30 ℃;

step (5), respectively placing the distillation tube in an HF (5%) solution and an acetone solution, and ultrasonically cleaning for 20 min; then ultrasonically cleaning the mixture for 10min by using deionized water, and finally drying the mixture in a vacuum drying oven for later use;

step (6), coating a film through a spin coating process, placing the distillation tube on a tray of a spin coater, and placing the TiO obtained in the step (4)₂Uniformly dropping the sol on the surface of a distillation tube to form a thin liquid film, rotationally coating at a rotating speed and a rotating time (10 s at a low speed of 600rpm and 20s at a high speed of 2500 rpm), drying in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for 0.5h, cooling to room temperature, coating again, repeating for 3-5 times to form TiO₂Coating;

and (7) placing the coated distillation tube into a muffle furnace for calcining at 550 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the hydrophilic coating.

The foregoing describes preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A seawater desalination system is characterized in that: comprises a distiller (1), a plurality of distillation tubes (2) are distributed in the distiller (1) side by side, a hydrophilic coating is sprayed on the periphery of the distillation tubes (2), the inlet ends and the outlet ends of the distillation tubes (2) are communicated through a first water tube (3), the first water tube (3) is communicated with a fresh water tank (31) and an electric heater (32), a spray tube (4) is arranged in the distiller (1), spray heads (40) are distributed on the spray tube (4), the spray tube (4) is positioned above the distillation tubes (2), the spray tube (4) is communicated with a seawater tank (52) through a second water tube (5), a water inlet pump (53) is arranged on the second water tube (5), a steam outlet (11) and an overflow water outlet (10) are also arranged on the distiller (1), and the steam outlet (11) is communicated with a condensate tank (62) through a third pipeline (6), a condenser (61) is arranged on the third pipeline (6).

2. The seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein: the steam outlet (11) is arranged at the upper end of the distiller (1), and the overflow water outlet (10) is arranged at the lower end of the distiller (1).

3. The seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein: the distiller (1) is also communicated with a vacuum pump (71) through a fifth pipeline (7), and a vacuum meter is arranged at the joint of the fifth pipeline (7) and the distiller (1).

4. The seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein: and a valve, a water inlet flow meter and a thermocouple are arranged on the second water pipe (5).

5. The seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein: and a steam flowmeter and a thermocouple are arranged on the third pipeline (6).

6. The seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein: a thermocouple is arranged on the first water pipe (3) close to the inlet end of the distillation pipe (2).

7. The seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein: the utility model discloses a distillation apparatus, including distiller (1), this flange (8), outer lane (82), fixed disk (83) are connected to the outside of this inner lane (81), be connected with on this outer lane (82), outer lane (82) with the junction of fixed disk (83) is provided with the sealing washer, the end connection of distillation pipe (2) is on this fixed disk (83), the both ends of distiller (2) are passed through flange (8) and are connected in distiller (1), this flange (8) include with the inner circle (81) of the inner wall sealing connection of distiller (1), this inner circle (81) the outside be connected with outer lane (82.

8. The seawater desalination system of claim 7, wherein: the outer diameter of the outer ring (82) is the same as that of the inner ring (81), the inner diameter of the inner ring (81) is larger than that of the outer ring (82), and the diameter of the fixed disc (83) is larger than that of the outer ring (82).

9. The seawater desalination system of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the hydrophilic coating is prepared by:

adding butyl titanate into ethanol, wherein the molar ratio of the butyl titanate is as follows: adding acetylacetone and methyl methacrylate into ethanol at a ratio of 1:1, and stirring for 30 minutes to form a precursor solution, wherein the molar ratio of each substance is as follows: butyl titanate: ethanol: acetylacetone: methyl methacrylate-1: 12: 0.5: 0.5;

adding nitric acid or ammonia water into the precursor solution, and adjusting the pH range of the precursor solution to 2-8;

and (3) slowly adding a mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water into the precursor solution, wherein in the mixed solution, the ratio of ethanol: deionized water is 6:4 (molar ratio), the dropping speed is 2-3 drops/second, and the stirring is continued for 1 hour;

aging the mixed solution in the step (3) for more than 24 hours in a thermostatic water bath at 50-70 ℃ to form stable TiO₂Sol;

step (5), respectively placing the distillation tube in 5% HF solution and acetone solution, and ultrasonically cleaning for 20 min; then ultrasonically cleaning the mixture for 10min by using deionized water, and finally drying the mixture in a vacuum drying oven for later use;

step (6), coating a film by a spin coating process, and carrying out coating on the TiO obtained in the step (4)₂Uniformly dripping the sol on the surface of a distillation tube to form a thin liquid film, rotationally coating, drying in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for 0.5h, cooling to room temperature, coating again, repeating for 3-5 times to form TiO₂Coating;

and (7) placing the coated distillation tube into a muffle furnace for calcination, keeping the temperature for 3 hours at 450-550 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace.

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