CN111069776A - Method for improving welding strength of pure nickel strip and aluminum strip for electronic industry - Google Patents
Method for improving welding strength of pure nickel strip and aluminum strip for electronic industry Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
- C23C14/165—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon by cathodic sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the welding strength of a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip for the electronic industry. The welding method of the invention not only ensures the good electrical conductivity of the material, does not influence the mechanical property of the welding joint, but also avoids the technical problems that too much welding brittle phase is generated on the welding surface, the shaping is low, the toughness is poor and the welding is easy to crack, realizes the unique microstructure control, has high welding strength and improves the tensile strength of the interface by 30 newtons.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding of pure nickel strips and aluminum strips for the electronic industry, in particular to a method for improving the welding strength of the pure nickel strips and the aluminum strips for the electronic industry.
Background
The pure metal nickel strap has higher strength, good conductivity and processing ductility, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, electronics, oceans, mechanical manufacturing and the like. The production of high-quality metal strips comprises important process processes such as pure smelting, hot rolling, cold rolling, annealing and the like, wherein on the premise that the mechanical property of the products can be ensured in the cold rolling process, strips with special crystal structures, including nickel strip and aluminum strip products, are obtained through proper matching of cold rolling deformation and heat treatment processes, and for example, the electrical conductivity of the metal strips can be improved through some special textures. However, the cold rolled metal strip has high deformation resistance, increased hardness and reduced shape, and in addition, surface defects such as scale indentation, longitudinal strip scratches, surface pits, subcutaneous bubbles, micro cracks, scale, folding, overburning and the like can be generated on the strip due to unreasonable rolling process.
At present, in the field of electronic industry, an aluminum belt and a nickel belt with good conductivity are welded to improve the conductivity, and the welding process comprises laser welding, electron beam welding, plasma welding, manual arc welding and the like. However, welding of aluminum and nickel straps generally has the following problems: (1) because pure metallic nickel has low heat conductivity and large resistivity, the problems of thermal cracks, air holes, coarse grains and the like are easy to occur during welding, when the welding process is poor or parameters are not matched, more inclusions can be generated or harmful phases can be separated out in a heat affected zone, so that microcracks at a welding seam are caused to be initiated, the mechanical property of a welded joint after welding is seriously reduced, and the use of a workpiece is influenced; (2) in the process of welding a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip, if a small amount of oxygen (O) exists in a welding seam, the O and the Ni can generate nickel oxide, the nickel oxide can further form a eutectic phase with low melting point with the nickel, the eutectic phase is positioned at a grain boundary part, and after cooling, the welding seam and a heat affected zone can generate microcracks under the action of high welding residual stress, so that the strength of a welding joint is obviously reduced; (3) the main chemical components of domestic pure nickel strips are shown in table 1, some trace elements (such as Mg, Si, S, C and the like) generally exist in nickel strips, the trace elements can widen the solidification range of metal nickel, various brittle precipitated phases are generated in crystal interior and crystal boundary, solidification cracks are easy to generate, and difficulty is brought to welding of the nickel strips and aluminum strips. In addition, many low-melting point eutectic substances and non-metallic eutectic substances exist in the binary eutectic substances of iron and nickel, particularly sulfur and phosphorus eutectic substances with lower melting points than those of Ni and Fe can also aggravate the generation of thermal cracks and reduce the welding strength; (4) when a nickel strip and an aluminum strip are welded in an atmospheric environment, metallurgical chemical reactions such as substance diffusion, convection and phase precipitation occur in a welding zone and air besides heat exchange, and the mechanical property of a welding joint is greatly influenced by the gas environment of a welding joint part; (5) the gas dissolved in the molten metal generally exists on the surface of the weld joint in an ionic state (cations and anions), an atomic state, or a compound (oxide or nitride), and when the metal is converted from a liquid state to a solid state, the gas solubility is changed more, the generated pores are larger, and the welding strength is reduced; (6) the nickel and the aluminum are both metal materials with good electrical conductivity and good shaping, but the nickel and the aluminum are welded and melted at high temperature to generate brittle intermetallic compound materials (such as NiAl, Al3Ni, Al3Ni2, Al3Ni5 and the like), and because the intermetallic compound shaping is low, and the cooling speed of laser welding is high, the residual stress is high, micro-cracks are easy to generate in a welding joint, and the welding strength is reduced.
TABLE 1 main chemical composition (% wt) of pure nickel strip
Laser welding is a relatively novel welding method, which utilizes high-energy laser pulses to heat a metal material in a micro area, and the energy of the laser beams melts the material to form a local molten pool, thereby realizing the physical metallurgical bonding of the metal, being particularly suitable for the welding of thin-wall and precise metal parts, and having the advantages of high welding speed, small heat affected zone, smooth welding seam, high welding quality, accurate control and the like. However, in the laser welding process of the nickel strip and the aluminum strip, the influence factors are more, including the condition that the contact surface is in the atmospheric atmosphere, the content proportion of the metal elements is difficult to control accurately, and the like, so that the beneficial phase with good plasticity and toughness and higher strength is generated at the welded joint which is difficult to control, and the strength of the welded joint is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the welding strength of a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip for the electronic industry aiming at the defects. According to the invention, the high-quality nickel strip is obtained by precision rolling, the magnetron sputtering method is combined to deposit metal copper on the surface of the nickel strip, and then the nickel strip and the aluminum strip are welded by laser under the protection of inert atmosphere by taking the copper as transition metal of a welding interface, so that the good conductivity of the material is ensured, the mechanical property of a welding joint is not influenced, and the technical problems of excessive welding brittle phase generated on the welding surface, low shaping and poor toughness and easy cracking after welding are avoided, thereby realizing unique microstructure control, high welding strength and improving the tensile strength of the interface by 30N.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for improving the welding strength of a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip for the electronic industry.
The magnetron sputtering physical vapor deposition method specifically comprises the following steps: fixing a metal copper target on an anode base of a magnetron sputtering device, placing a pure nickel strip on a cathode target base of the magnetron sputtering device, introducing inert gas into the magnetron sputtering device after a sputtering chamber is vacuumized, keeping the vacuum degree at 3-10 Pa, preheating a metal copper target substrate, starting a power supply to excite a copper target when the temperature reaches 370-430 ℃, and depositing metal copper on the surface of the pure nickel strip.
The deposition thickness of the metal copper on the surface of the pure nickel strip is 10-20 mu m.
The distance between the pure nickel belt and the cathode target material is 20 mm-25 mm.
The laser welding method specifically comprises the following steps: fixing an aluminum strip on the surface of a pure nickel strip deposited with metal copper, covering a laser focusing part with inert gas to form a protective atmosphere to prevent oxidation, welding the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip according to three stages of preheating, welding and stopping, and increasing the power from the preheating stage to the welding stage according to the speed of 5-10%/ms.
The parameters of the welding stage are set as follows: the diameter range of a laser beam focusing spot is phi 0.5 mm-phi 2.0mm, the range of the welding laser pulse width is 6 ms-10 ms, and the range of the output power of the device is 500W-800W.
Before depositing the metal copper, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip in advance, wherein the ultrasonic cleaning method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly putting a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip into purified water containing 1-3% of deoiling cleaning agent by volume ratio for first ultrasonic cleaning, and then putting the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip into the purified water for second ultrasonic cleaning. The time of the first ultrasonic cleaning is 4-8 min, and the time of the second ultrasonic cleaning is 3-6 min.
And (3) after laser welding, rapidly annealing in a bell-type furnace under the hydrogen protective atmosphere, wherein the annealing temperature is 360-440 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15-25 minutes.
The preparation method of the pure nickel strip comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a pure nickel ingot blank by a pure nickel plate through vacuum induction melting, rolling the pure nickel ingot blank into a nickel strip coil by adopting hot rolling equipment after machining, forging and cogging, wherein the thickness of the hot-rolled pure nickel strip is 3-5 mm; finally, rolling the pure nickel strip by a precision cold rolling mill to obtain the pure nickel strip, wherein the thickness of the pure nickel strip is 0.15-0.2 mm; the surface roughness of the pure nickel strip is Ra2.0-Ra3.2 mu m.
The aluminum strip is a pure aluminum strip meeting the standard requirements of the electronic industry, the thickness range of the aluminum strip is 0.9mm +/-0.2 mm, and the surface roughness requirement reaches Ra2.0-Ra4.8 mu m; the metal copper is a pure metal copper plate, the thickness range is 15 mm-20 mm, and the purity requirement is more than or equal to 99.9 percent by weight. The surface of the pure metal copper plate is processed by turning, milling and polishing, and the surface smoothness reaches Ra4.8 mu m; the inert gas is high-purity argon (Ar, the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 wt%).
The aluminum strip is purchased from Shanghai Chongyang aluminum industry Co., Ltd; metallic copper was purchased from the Luoyang Wanshen copper industries, Inc.
A method for improving the welding strength of a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip for the electronic industry comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing a pure nickel strip: cutting a pure nickel plate into small blocks, putting the small blocks into a vacuum induction smelting furnace, vacuumizing, and then carrying out vacuum induction smelting on the pure nickel plate to prepare a pure nickel ingot blank (the chemical component range of the pure nickel ingot blank meets the requirements of electronic industry standards and the like), wherein the pure nickel ingot blank is rolled into a nickel strip coil by hot rolling equipment after being machined, forged and unbaked, and the thickness of the hot-rolled pure nickel strip is 3-5 mm; finally, rolling the pure nickel strip by a precision cold rolling mill to obtain the pure nickel strip, wherein the thickness of the pure nickel strip is 0.15-0.2 mm; the surface roughness of the pure nickel strip is Ra2.0-Ra3.2 mu m;
(2) carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip: firstly, putting a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip into purified water containing deoiling cleaning agent with the volume ratio of 1-3% for first ultrasonic cleaning for 4-8 min; and then putting the cleaned pure nickel strips and aluminum strips into purified water for secondary ultrasonic cleaning for 3-6 min. The water temperature is 26-60 ℃;
(3) magnetron sputtering physical vapor deposition: grinding the metal copper after the surface turning and milling to obtain a metal copper target material (the surface finish degree reaches Ra4.8 mu m), fixing the metal copper target material on an anode base of a magnetron sputtering device, and putting the pure nickel strip on a cathode target material base of the magnetron sputtering device, wherein the distance between the pure nickel strip and the cathode target material is 20-25 mm; the sputtering chamber is vacuumized (the vacuum degree reaches 1X 10)-3Pa), introducing inert gas argon (Ar, the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent wt) into the magnetron sputtering equipment, keeping the vacuum degree at 3-10 Pa, preheating the metal copper target substrate, starting a power supply to excite a copper target when the temperature reaches 370-430 ℃ and depositing metal copper on the surface of the pure nickel strip; the deposition thickness of the metal copper on the surface of the pure nickel strip is 10-20 mu m;
(4) blanking a strip material: respectively cutting the aluminum strip and the pure nickel strip deposited with the metal copper into required sizes and shapes by blanking equipment;
(5) laser welding: cleaning the surfaces of the aluminum strip subjected to blanking processing and the pure nickel strip deposited with the metal copper, stacking the aluminum strip on the surface of the pure nickel strip deposited with the metal copper, combining and stacking the aluminum strip and the pure nickel strip, and then fastening the aluminum strip and the pure nickel strip by using a tool clamp to tightly combine the surfaces of the aluminum strip and the pure nickel strip; firstly, covering a laser focusing part with inert gas high-purity argon (Ar) to form a protective atmosphere to prevent oxidation, then welding a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip according to three stages of preheating, welding and stopping, and increasing the power from the preheating stage to the welding stage according to the speed of 5-10%/ms. The parameters of the welding phase are set as follows: the diameter range of a laser beam focusing spot is phi 0.5 mm-phi 2.0mm, the range of the welding laser pulse width is 6 ms-10 ms, and the range of the output power of the device is 500W-800W.
(6) Stress annealing: and (3) after laser welding, rapidly annealing in a bell-type furnace under the hydrogen protective atmosphere, wherein the annealing temperature is 360-440 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15-25 minutes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the high-quality nickel strip is obtained by precision rolling, the magnetron sputtering method is combined to deposit metal copper on the surface of the nickel strip, and then the nickel strip and the aluminum strip are welded by laser under the protection of inert atmosphere by taking the copper as transition metal of a welding interface, so that the good conductivity of the material is ensured, the mechanical property of a welding joint is not influenced, and the technical problems of excessive welding brittle phase generated on the welding surface, low shaping and poor toughness and easy cracking after welding are avoided, thereby realizing unique microstructure control, high welding strength and improving the tensile strength of the interface by 30N.
(2) According to the invention, the metal copper is deposited on the surface of the nickel strip by adopting a magnetron sputtering method, and the interface deposition thickness (the deposition amount of the metal copper) is controlled to be 10-20 mu m, so that the interface mainly generates the Ni-Cu and Cu-Al solid solutions with good shaping and a small amount of Ni-Cu-Al ternary compounds, the technical problems that different intermetallic compounds are generated on the interface, the shaping is low, the toughness is poor, and the welding is easy to crack after welding are solved, and meanwhile, the technical problems that when the metal is converted from a liquid state to a solid state, the gas solubility is greatly changed, larger pores are generated, and the welding strength is reduced are also avoided. In addition, compared with the copper plating by an electroplating process, the copper deposition by adopting the magnetron sputtering method not only effectively improves the interface bonding strength, but also reduces the pollution to the external environment.
(3) The invention adopts the laser welding process of high-purity argon atmosphere protection to weld the nickel strip and the aluminum strip, thereby not only reducing the processing cost but also improving the efficiency, and simultaneously combining the characteristics of the sample, and designing the laser welding process into three stages, thereby not only needing not to carry out excessive pretreatment on the alloy, but also having high welding speed, small heat affected zone, smooth welding seam, high welding quality and more accurate control degree.
Detailed Description
The aluminum strips used in the following examples were purchased from Shanghai Chongyang aluminum industries, Inc.; metallic copper was purchased from the Luoyang Wanshen copper industries, Inc.
Example 1
A method for improving the welding strength of a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip for the electronic industry comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing a pure nickel strip: cutting the pure nickel plate into small blocks, putting the small blocks into a vacuum induction smelting furnace, vacuumizing, and then carrying out vacuum induction smelting on the pure nickel plate to prepare a pure nickel ingot blank nickel ingot with main chemical components (weight percentage, the same below) of Ni + Co: 99.6 percent; c: 0.06 percent; fe: 0.03 percent; cu: 0.04 percent; mg: 0.02 percent; si: 0.05 percent; after machining, forging and cogging the pure nickel ingot blank, rolling the pure nickel ingot blank into a nickel strip coil by using hot rolling equipment, wherein the thickness of the hot rolled pure nickel strip is 3 mm; finally, rolling the pure nickel strip by a precision cold rolling mill to obtain the pure nickel strip, wherein the thickness of the pure nickel strip is 0.15 mm; the surface roughness of the pure nickel strip is Ra2.0 mu m;
(2) carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip: firstly, putting a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip into purified water containing 3 percent (volume ratio) of deoiling cleaning agent for carrying out first ultrasonic cleaning for 5 min; and then putting the cleaned pure nickel strips and aluminum strips into purified water for secondary ultrasonic cleaning for 3 min. The water temperature is 36 ℃;
(3) magnetron sputtering physical vapor deposition: grinding the metal copper after surface turning and milling to obtain a metal copper target (the surface finish degree reaches Ra4.8 mu m), fixing the metal copper target on an anode base of a magnetron sputtering device, and putting the pure nickel strip on a cathode target base of the magnetron sputtering device, wherein the distance between the pure nickel strip and the cathode target is 20 mm; the sputtering chamber is vacuumized (the vacuum degree reaches 1X 10)-3Pa), introducing inert gas into the magnetron sputtering equipmentArgon (Ar, the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent by weight), the vacuum degree is kept at 5Pa, a metal copper target material substrate is preheated, a power supply is started to excite a copper target when the temperature reaches 430 ℃, and metal copper is deposited on the surface of the pure nickel strip; the deposition thickness of the metal copper on the surface of the pure nickel strip is 10 mu m;
(4) blanking a strip material: respectively cutting the aluminum strip and the pure nickel strip deposited with the metal copper into required sizes and shapes by blanking equipment;
(5) laser welding: cleaning the surfaces of the aluminum strip subjected to blanking processing and the pure nickel strip deposited with the metal copper, stacking the aluminum strip on the surface of the pure nickel strip deposited with the metal copper, combining and stacking the aluminum strip and the pure nickel strip, and then fastening the aluminum strip and the pure nickel strip by using a tool clamp to tightly combine the surfaces of the aluminum strip and the pure nickel strip; firstly, covering a laser focusing part with inert gas high-purity argon (Ar) to form a protective atmosphere to prevent oxidation, then welding a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip according to three stages of preheating, welding and stopping, and increasing the power from the preheating stage to the welding stage according to the speed of 10%/ms. The parameters of the welding phase are set as follows: the diameter of a laser beam focusing spot is phi 1.5mm, the pulse width of welding laser is 6ms, and the output power of the device is 800W.
(6) Stress annealing: and (3) after laser welding, rapidly annealing in a bell-type furnace under the hydrogen protective atmosphere, wherein the annealing temperature is 440 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15 minutes.
The thickness of the aluminum strip is 1mm, and the surface roughness requirement reaches Ra2.6 mu m; the metal copper is a pure metal copper plate, the thickness of the metal copper plate is 18mm, and the purity of the metal copper plate is equal to 99.9 wt%. The surface of the pure metal copper plate is processed by turning, milling and polishing, and the surface smoothness reaches Ra4.8 mu m; the inert gas is high-purity argon (Ar, the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 wt%).
And (3) inspecting the annealed finished product by adopting a metallographic microscope observation method, and detecting whether the welding seam of the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip has the defects of microcracks and the like, wherein the detection result is as follows: no microcrack is found at the welding seam, which shows that the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip welded by the method have high welding strength, high shaping and good toughness, and are not easy to crack after welding.
Example 2
A method for improving the welding strength of a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip for the electronic industry comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing a pure nickel strip: cutting the pure nickel plate into small blocks, putting the small blocks into a vacuum induction smelting furnace, vacuumizing, and then carrying out vacuum induction smelting on the pure nickel plate to prepare a pure nickel ingot blank nickel ingot with main chemical components (weight percentage, the same below) of Ni + Co: 99.7 percent; c: 0.06 percent; fe: 0.02 percent; cu: 0.05 percent; mg: 0.02 percent; si: 0.05 percent; after machining and forging cogging of the pure nickel ingot blank, rolling the pure nickel ingot blank into a nickel strip coil by using hot rolling equipment, wherein the thickness of the hot rolled pure nickel strip is 5 mm; finally, rolling the pure nickel strip by a precision cold rolling mill to obtain the pure nickel strip, wherein the thickness of the pure nickel strip is 0.2 mm; the surface roughness of the pure nickel strip is Ra3.2 mu m;
(2) carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip: firstly, putting a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip into purified water containing a deoiling cleaning agent with the volume ratio of 1% for carrying out first ultrasonic cleaning for 8 min; and then putting the cleaned pure nickel strips and aluminum strips into purified water for secondary ultrasonic cleaning for 6 min. The water temperature range is 60 ℃;
(3) magnetron sputtering physical vapor deposition: grinding the metal copper after surface turning and milling to obtain a metal copper target (the surface finish degree reaches Ra4.8 mu m), fixing the metal copper target on an anode base of a magnetron sputtering device, and putting the pure nickel strip on a cathode target base of the magnetron sputtering device, wherein the distance between the pure nickel strip and the cathode target is 25 mm; the sputtering chamber is vacuumized (the vacuum degree reaches 1X 10)-3Pa), introducing inert gas argon (Ar, the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent wt) into the magnetron sputtering equipment, keeping the vacuum degree at 10Pa, preheating the metal copper target material substrate, starting a power supply to excite a copper target when the temperature reaches 370 ℃, and depositing metal copper on the surface of the pure nickel strip; the deposition thickness of the metal copper on the surface of the pure nickel strip is 20 mu m;
(4) blanking a strip material: respectively cutting the aluminum strip and the pure nickel strip deposited with the metal copper into required sizes and shapes by blanking equipment;
(5) laser welding: cleaning the surfaces of the aluminum strip subjected to blanking processing and the pure nickel strip deposited with the metal copper, stacking the aluminum strip on the surface of the pure nickel strip deposited with the metal copper, combining and stacking the aluminum strip and the pure nickel strip, and then fastening the aluminum strip and the pure nickel strip by using a tool clamp to tightly combine the surfaces of the aluminum strip and the pure nickel strip; firstly, covering a laser focusing part with inert gas high-purity argon (Ar) to form a protective atmosphere to prevent oxidation, then welding a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip according to three stages of preheating, welding and stopping, and increasing the power from the preheating stage to the welding stage according to the speed of 5%/ms. The parameters of the welding phase are set as follows: the diameter range of a laser beam focusing spot is phi 0.5mm, the range of the welding laser pulse width is 10ms, and the range of the output power of the device is 500W.
(6) Stress annealing: and (3) after laser welding, rapidly annealing in a bell-type furnace under the hydrogen protective atmosphere, wherein the annealing temperature is 360 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 25 minutes.
The thickness of the aluminum strip is 0.9mm, and the surface roughness requirement reaches Ra2.6 mu m; the metal copper is a pure metal copper plate, the thickness of the metal copper plate is 18mm, and the purity of the metal copper plate is equal to 99.9 wt%. The surface of the pure metal copper plate is processed by turning, milling and polishing, and the surface smoothness reaches Ra4.8 mu m; the inert gas is high-purity argon (Ar, the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 wt%).
And (3) inspecting the annealed finished product by adopting a metallographic microscope observation method, and detecting whether the welding seam of the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip has the defects of microcracks and the like, wherein the detection result is as follows: no microcrack is found, which indicates that the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip welded by the method have high welding strength, high shaping and good toughness, and are not easy to crack after welding.
Test example 1
Pure nickel strips and aluminum strips obtained by welding common pure nickel strips and aluminum strips without copper deposition under the laser welding condition of the invention are used as comparison samples, and the samples of the invention in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 are respectively tested for conductivity, mechanical property of welding joints, tensile strength of interfaces and whether micro cracks exist in welding seams. Wherein: the conductivity of the welding sheet is tested according to a GB/T351-1995 method, the tensile strength of the metal nickel strip is tested according to a GB/T1040.2 method, the tensile strength of an interface is tested according to a GB/T1040.2 method, and the microcracks are judged by adopting a metallographic microscope observation method. The test results are shown in table 2:
table 2 results of performance testing
| Categories | Conductivity of welding sheet | Tensile strength | Tensile strength at interface | Micro-cracks |
| Comparative sample | 71 | 60 | 43 | Is provided with |
| Example 1 sample | 62 | 73 | 56 | Is free of |
| Example 2 sample | 63 | 70 | 60 | Is free of |
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the welding strength of a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip for the electronic industry is characterized in that a magnetron sputtering physical vapor deposition method is adopted to deposit metal copper on the surface of the pure nickel strip, then the copper deposited on the surface of the pure nickel strip is used as transition metal of a welding interface, and a laser welding method is adopted to weld the nickel strip and the aluminum strip under the protection of inert gas.
2. The method for improving the welding strength of the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip for the electronic industry according to claim 1, wherein the magnetron sputtering physical vapor deposition method specifically comprises the following steps: fixing a metal copper target on an anode base of a magnetron sputtering device, placing a pure nickel strip on a cathode target base of the magnetron sputtering device, introducing inert gas into the magnetron sputtering device after a sputtering chamber is vacuumized, keeping the vacuum degree at 3-10 Pa, preheating a metal copper target substrate, starting a power supply to excite a copper target when the temperature reaches 370-430 ℃, and depositing metal copper on the surface of the pure nickel strip.
3. The method for improving the welding strength of the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip for the electronic industry according to claim 2, wherein the deposition thickness of the metal copper on the surface of the pure nickel strip is 10-20 μm.
4. The method for improving the welding strength of the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip for the electronic industry as claimed in claim 2, wherein the distance between the pure nickel strip and the cathode target is 20 mm-25 mm.
5. The method for improving the welding strength of the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip for the electronic industry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser welding method specifically comprises: fixing an aluminum strip on the surface of a pure nickel strip deposited with metal copper, covering a laser focusing part with inert gas to form a protective atmosphere to prevent oxidation, welding the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip according to three stages of preheating, welding and stopping, and increasing the power from the preheating stage to the welding stage according to the speed of 5-10%/ms.
6. The method for improving the welding strength of the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip for the electronic industry according to claim 5, wherein the parameters of the welding stage are as follows: the diameter range of a laser beam focusing spot is phi 0.5 mm-phi 2.0mm, the range of the welding laser pulse width is 6 ms-10 ms, and the range of the output power of the device is 500W-800W.
7. The method for improving the welding strength of the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip for the electronic industry according to claim 1, wherein the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip are subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in advance before the copper metal is deposited, and the ultrasonic cleaning method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly putting a pure nickel strip and an aluminum strip into purified water containing 1-3% of deoiling cleaning agent by volume ratio for first ultrasonic cleaning, and then putting the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip into the purified water for second ultrasonic cleaning.
8. The method for improving the welding strength of the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip for the electronic industry as claimed in claim 7, wherein the time of the first ultrasonic cleaning is 4-8 min, and the time of the second ultrasonic cleaning is 3-6 min.
9. The method for improving the welding strength of the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip for the electronic industry according to claim 1, wherein the laser welding is followed by rapid annealing in a bell-type furnace under a hydrogen protective atmosphere, the annealing temperature is 360-440 ℃, and the holding time is 15-25 minutes.
10. The method for improving the welding strength of the pure nickel strip and the aluminum strip for the electronic industry according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the pure nickel strip comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a pure nickel ingot blank by a pure nickel plate through vacuum induction melting, rolling the pure nickel ingot blank into a nickel strip coil by adopting hot rolling equipment after machining, forging and cogging, wherein the thickness of the hot-rolled pure nickel strip is 3-5 mm; finally, rolling the pure nickel strip by a precision cold rolling mill to obtain the pure nickel strip, wherein the thickness of the pure nickel strip is 0.15-0.2 mm; the surface roughness of the pure nickel strip is Ra2.0-Ra3.2 mu m.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113953779A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-01-21 | 江苏科技大学 | Interface layer preparation for dissimilar metal connection and interface layer-based welding method |
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