CN111069761A - Method and device for preparing high-entropy alloy particle-reinforced fine-grain aluminum-based composite material - Google Patents
Method and device for preparing high-entropy alloy particle-reinforced fine-grain aluminum-based composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111069761A CN111069761A CN202010015670.6A CN202010015670A CN111069761A CN 111069761 A CN111069761 A CN 111069761A CN 202010015670 A CN202010015670 A CN 202010015670A CN 111069761 A CN111069761 A CN 111069761A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The device is characterized in that a water tank is fixedly arranged on a working platform of the friction stir welding machine, a water inlet and a water outlet are formed in the water tank, a clamp is arranged in the water tank, and an aluminum alloy plate is tightly pressed on the clamp. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, polishing the surface to be processed of an aluminum alloy plate and punching blind holes; secondly, filling the blind holes with compacted high-entropy alloy powder; thirdly, sealing the upper part of the blind hole by using a needleless stirring head; and finally, starting a cooling water system, carrying out stirring friction processing on the pin stirring head under water, and carrying out polishing and sanding treatment to obtain the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced fine-grain aluminum-based composite material layer. The stirring friction processing of the invention adopts underwater cooling processing preparation, the prepared composite material has fine crystal grains, and the high-entropy alloy particles can be uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy matrix and effectively reduce the interface reaction between the high-entropy alloy particles and the matrix.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum-based composite materials, and particularly relates to a method and a device for preparing a high-entropy alloy particle enhanced fine-grain aluminum-based composite material.
Background
The aluminum alloy shows good application prospect in the automobile, ship and aerospace industries due to high specific strength, high specific modulus, excellent corrosion resistance and the like. However, the insufficient properties of low strength, low modulus, low wear resistance, etc. of aluminum alloys limit their application in structural applications. The particle reinforced phase is added into the aluminum alloy to prepare the aluminum matrix composite, so that the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the aluminum alloy can be effectively improved. Ceramic materials are often used as a particulate reinforcing phase for aluminum matrix composites due to their high hardness and wear resistance; however, due to the difference of the thermophysical properties of the ceramic and the metal matrix, the problems of low interface bonding strength, easy brittleness and the like can be caused, and the self deformability of the ceramic particles is poor, so that the deformability of the composite material is reduced while the strength of the material is improved.
The high-entropy alloy has the advantages of high strength, large Young modulus, good wettability with a metal-metal interface between the high-entropy alloy and a metal matrix and the like, and can be used for replacing ceramic particles to prepare a composite material and have both strength and plasticity. The preparation method of the composite material commonly used at present comprises the following steps: the technologies of spark plasma sintering technology, laser surface injection and the like are difficult to avoid serious interface reaction generated between high-entropy alloy particles and a matrix interface in the preparation process of the composite material, so that the prepared composite material has increased interface brittleness and deteriorated plasticity.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art and improve the strength, hardness, wear resistance and deformability of the aluminum alloy, the invention provides a method and a device for preparing a high-entropy alloy particle reinforced fine-grained aluminum-based composite material.
The design concept of the invention is as follows: the stirring friction processing is used as a solid phase processing technology and has the characteristics of low processing temperature, short heating time and the like; meanwhile, the friction stir welding process is carried out underwater, so that on one hand, the interface reaction between the high-entropy metal particles and the matrix can be reduced or inhibited to the greatest extent, and the plasticity of the material is improved; on the other hand, the growth of recrystallized grains after processing can be effectively reduced, thereby realizing fine grain strengthening. Therefore, the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced fine-grain aluminum-based composite material is prepared by adopting an underwater stirring friction processing technology, so that the strength, hardness, wear resistance and deformability of the aluminum alloy can be improved, and the aluminum-based composite material with excellent performance can be obtained.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The device for preparing the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced fine-grained aluminum-based composite material comprises: a water tank is fixedly arranged on a working platform of the friction stir welding device, a water inlet is arranged on the front side surface of the water tank, a water outlet is arranged on the rear side surface of the water tank, and the water inlet and the water outlet are symmetrical about the center of the water tank; the fixture is arranged in the water tank and comprises cushion blocks, pressing blocks and locking bolts, the cushion blocks are fixedly arranged in the water tank, the pressing blocks are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the cushion blocks respectively, the locking bolts are arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cushion blocks respectively, and aluminum alloy plates to be processed are pressed between the pressing blocks and the cushion blocks by the locking bolts.
The method for preparing the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced fine-grain aluminum-based composite material by adopting the device comprises the following steps:
s1 surface pretreatment of aluminum alloy plate
If the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is less than or equal to 5mm, polishing any side surface of the aluminum alloy plate to serve as a surface to be processed, if the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10mm, respectively polishing the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the aluminum alloy plate to serve as the surface to be processed until the roughness of the surface to be processed is 0.8 mu m, then punching a plurality of blind holes with the diameter of 1.5-3 mm on the surface to be processed of the aluminum alloy plate, wherein the distance between the hole bottoms of the blind holes is 0.5-1 mm, if the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is less than or equal to 5mm, the distance between the hole bottoms of the blind holes and the bottom surface of the aluminum alloy bottom plate is less than or equal to;
s2, filling high-entropy alloy powder with the particle size of 15-53 mu m into the blind hole punched in the step S1, compacting the high-entropy alloy powder filled into the blind hole by adopting a cylindrical rod, performing clearance fit between the cylindrical rod and the inner wall of the blind hole, and repeating the step S2 for multiple times until the compacted high-entropy alloy powder fills the blind hole;
s3, placing and clamping the aluminum alloy plate filled with the high-entropy alloy powder and prepared in the step S2 on a clamp in a water tank, sealing the opening of the blind hole in the surface to be processed by using a needleless stirring head, wherein the rotating speed of the needleless stirring head is 1000-1400 rad/min, the advancing speed is 40-60 mm/min, the pressing amount is 0.3-0.5 mm, the inclination angle is 0-3 degrees, and a sealing layer is prepared at the opening of the blind hole to prevent the high-entropy alloy powder in the blind hole from escaping in the processing process;
s4, starting a cooling water system, wherein cooling water continuously flows in from a water inlet of a water tank and is discharged from a water outlet, the flow rate of the cooling water is 2000-4500L/h, the aluminum alloy plate is completely immersed in the water in the cooling water circulation process, and the immersion depth of the aluminum alloy plate is not less than 20 mm; the friction stir welding device is controlled to be provided with a pin stirring head, the pin stirring head moves to the position above the surface to be processed of the aluminum alloy plate, the pin stirring head carries out 3-5 times of friction stir processing under water, the advancing direction of the pin stirring head is opposite to the previous direction each time, the rotating speed of the pin stirring head is 1000-1400 rad/min, the advancing speed is 40-60 mm/min, the pressing-in amount is 0.3-0.5 mm, and the inclination angle is 0-3 degrees;
s5, polishing and sanding: and (3) moving the pin stirring head out of the processing station after 3-5 times of stirring friction processing, unscrewing the clamp to place the prepared aluminum-based composite plate on the steel flat plate, and polishing the periphery and the processed surface by using sand paper to obtain the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced fine-grain aluminum-based composite material layer.
Further, the material of the aluminum alloy plate is 5083Al, and the material of the high-entropy alloy powder is AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy powder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the aluminum-based composite material prepared by friction stir processing is prepared by adopting underwater cooling processing, so that the composite material prepared by the friction stir processing method has fine grains, and high-entropy alloy particles in the composite material can be uniformly distributed in an aluminum alloy matrix through multiple processing.
2. Based on the performance advantages of the high-entropy alloy and the aluminum alloy, the composite material prepared by underwater friction stir processing has fine grain characteristics; meanwhile, the temperature is low in the processing process, and the interface reaction temperature of the high-entropy alloy and the aluminum alloy matrix is not met, so that the interface reaction layer is thin, and the damage of the interface reaction layer to the performance reduction of the composite material is avoided; compared with the prior art, the method can obtain the fine-grain composite material, has higher interface bonding strength, and can be applied to the preparation of the composite material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an underwater friction stir processing device for preparing a high-entropy alloy particle-reinforced fine-grained aluminum-based composite material.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a sectional structure of an aluminum alloy plate in a blind hole upper portion sealing treatment process.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an aluminum alloy plate in the friction stir processing according to the first and second embodiments.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an aluminum alloy sheet in a friction stir processing of the third embodiment.
FIG. 5 is an SEM micro-morphology of the distribution of the high-entropy alloy particles in the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in the first embodiment.
FIG. 6 is an SEM micro-morphology of the distribution of the high-entropy alloy particles in the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared in the second embodiment.
FIG. 7 is an SEM micro-morphology of the distribution of the high-entropy alloy particles in the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared in the third embodiment.
FIG. 8 shows hardness values of the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite obtained in the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a graph of grain size analysis of an aluminum alloy substrate, at 3000 times magnification.
FIG. 10 is a grain size analysis diagram of the high-entropy alloy particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite prepared in the third example, wherein the magnification is 3000 times.
FIG. 11 is a mechanical property analysis diagram of the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, in which a solid line represents a mechanical property curve of the aluminum alloy matrix and a dotted line represents a mechanical property curve of the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite.
In the figure, 1 is a working platform, 2 is a water tank, 3 is a water inlet, 4 is a water outlet, 5 is a cushion block, 6 is a pressing block, 7 is a pin stirring head, 8 is an aluminum alloy plate, 9 is a blind hole, 10 is a sealing layer, 11 is a pin-free stirring head, and 12 is a high-entropy alloy particle enhanced fine-grain aluminum-based composite material layer.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the examples follow conventional experimental conditions. In addition, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications or improvements can be made to the material components and amounts in these embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example one
The test raw materials used in this example one are: the combined preparation dosage of the aluminum alloy plate, AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy powder and sand paper is as follows (taking grams and millimeters as measurement units):
aluminum alloy plate: 5083Al 150mm × 100mm × 2mm
High-entropy alloy powder: AlCoCrFeNi 10g +/-0.01 g
Sand paper: 400 mesh 2 sheets 300mm by 0.5mm by 200 mm.
The device for preparing the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced fine-grained aluminum-based composite material comprises: a water tank 2 is fixedly arranged on a working platform 1 of the friction stir welding device, a water inlet 3 is arranged on the front side surface of the water tank 2, a water outlet 4 is arranged on the rear side surface of the water tank 2, and the water inlet 3 and the water outlet 4 are centrosymmetric about the water tank 2; the fixture is installed in the water tank 2 and comprises a cushion block 5, a pressing block 6 and locking bolts, wherein the cushion block 5 is fixedly installed in the water tank 2, the pressing block 6 is arranged at each of the front end and the rear end of the cushion block 5, the locking bolts are arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cushion block 5 respectively, and aluminum alloy plates 8 to be processed are pressed between the pressing block 6 and the cushion block 5 through the locking bolts.
The method for preparing the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced fine-grain aluminum-based composite material by adopting the device comprises the following steps:
s1 surface pretreatment of aluminum alloy plate 8
Polishing the upper surface of an aluminum alloy plate 8 to serve as a surface to be processed until the roughness of the surface to be processed is 0.8 mu m, punching a plurality of blind holes 9 with the depth of 1.5mm and the diameter of 1.5mm on the surface to be processed of the aluminum alloy plate 8 with the thickness of 2mm, wherein the distance between the blind holes 9 is 1 mm, and the distance between the bottom of each blind hole 9 and the bottom surface of the aluminum alloy plate 8 is 0.5 mm;
s2, filling high-entropy alloy powder with the particle size of 35 mu m into the blind holes 9 punched in the step S1, compacting the high-entropy alloy powder filled into the blind holes 9 by adopting a cylindrical rod, performing clearance fit between the cylindrical rod and the inner walls of the blind holes 9, and repeating the step S2 for multiple times until the compacted high-entropy alloy powder fills the blind holes 9;
s3, placing and clamping the aluminum alloy plate 8 filled with the high-entropy alloy powder and prepared in the step S2 on a clamp in a water tank 2, sealing the opening of a blind hole 9 on the surface to be processed by adopting a needleless stirring head 11, wherein the rotating speed of the needleless stirring head 11 is 1400rad/min, the advancing speed is 40mm/min, the pressing amount is 0.3mm, the inclination angle is 2.5 degrees, and a sealing layer 10 is prepared at the opening of the blind hole 9 to prevent the high-entropy alloy powder in the blind hole 9 from escaping in the processing process;
s4, starting a cooling water system, wherein cooling water continuously flows in from a water inlet 3 of a water tank 2 and is discharged from a water outlet 4, the flow rate of the cooling water is 2000L/h, the aluminum alloy plate 8 is completely immersed in the water in the circulation process of the cooling water, and the immersion depth of the aluminum alloy plate 8 is not less than 20 mm; the friction stir welding device is controlled by a pin stirring head 7, the pin stirring head 7 moves to the position above the surface to be processed of the aluminum alloy plate 8, the pin stirring head 7 carries out 3 times of friction stir processing under water, the advancing direction of the pin stirring head 7 is opposite to the previous direction every time, the rotating speed of the pin stirring head 7 is 1400rad/min, the advancing speed is 40mm/min, the press-in amount is 0.3mm, and the inclination angle is 2.5 degrees;
s5, polishing and sanding: the pin stirring head 7 is moved out of the processing station after 3 times of stirring friction processing, the clamp is unscrewed, the prepared aluminum-based composite board is placed on the steel flat plate, the periphery and the processed surface are polished by sand paper, and the high-entropy alloy particle enhanced fine-grained aluminum-based composite material layer 12 is prepared.
Fig. 5 shows a scanning picture of the high-entropy alloy particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in the first example, the high-entropy alloy particles and the aluminum alloy matrix have no obvious reaction layer, are uniformly distributed in the matrix, and have no agglomeration phenomenon.
The hardness of the composite material obtained in the first example was from 80 HV0.2Is increased to 95 HV0.2The improvement is 18 percent. The microhardness results of the composite material obtained in the first example are shown in FIG. 8.
Example two
The second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment in the apparatus for preparing the high-entropy alloy particle-reinforced fine-grained aluminum-based composite material, and is not described herein again.
The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is: the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate 8 is 5mm, the depth of the blind holes is 4.5mm, the diameter is 2mm, and the spacing between the blind holes is 0.75 mm.
The scanning picture of the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in the second example is shown in fig. 6, and the high-entropy alloy particles have no obvious reaction layer on the aluminum alloy matrix, are uniformly distributed in the matrix and have no agglomeration phenomenon. Hardness of the composite Material obtained in the second example was 80 HV of the parent Material0.2Is increased to 112 HV0.2And the improvement is 40 percent. The microhardness results of the composite material obtained in the second example are shown in FIG. 8.
EXAMPLE III
In the third embodiment, the apparatus for preparing the high-entropy alloy particle-reinforced fine-grained aluminum-based composite material is the same as that in the first embodiment, and details are not repeated here.
The difference between the third embodiment and the first embodiment is that: the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate 8 is 10mm, the depth of the blind holes is 4.5mm, the diameter is 3mm, and the spacing between the blind holes is 0.5 mm. As shown in fig. 4, firstly, the high-entropy alloy particle-reinforced fine-grained aluminum-based composite material layer 12 is prepared on the upper surface of the aluminum alloy plate 8 by the steps described in the first embodiment, then the lower surface of the aluminum alloy plate 8 is turned to the upward position, and the high-entropy alloy particle-reinforced fine-grained aluminum-based composite material layer 12 is prepared on the lower surface of the aluminum alloy plate 8 by the steps described in the first embodiment, thereby realizing the preparation of the high-entropy alloy particle-reinforced fine-grained aluminum-based composite material thick plate.
The scanning picture of the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in the third example is shown in fig. 7, and the high-entropy alloy particles have no obvious reaction layer on the aluminum alloy matrix, are uniformly distributed in the matrix and have no agglomeration phenomenon; EDSD results are shown in FIG. 9, and compared with a parent material (shown in FIG. 10), the grain size is thinned from 2-15 mu m to 1.2 mu m; hardness of the composite Material obtained in the third example was 80 HV of the parent Material0.2Is increased to 146 HV0.2And the improvement is 82%. The microhardness results of the composite material obtained in the third example are shown in FIG. 8. The tensile test result is shown in fig. 11, the tensile strength of the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in the third example is 401MPa, which is 31% higher than that of the parent metal, and the elongation is 18.9%.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The device for preparing the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced fine-grain aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that: a water tank (2) is fixedly arranged on a working platform (1) of the friction stir welding device, a water inlet (3) is arranged on the front side surface of the water tank (2), a water outlet (4) is arranged on the rear side surface of the water tank (2), and the water inlet (3) and the water outlet (4) are centrosymmetric about the water tank (2); the fixture is installed in the water tank (2) and comprises a cushion block (5), a pressing block (6) and locking bolts, wherein the cushion block (5) is fixedly installed in the water tank (2), the pressing block (6) is arranged at each of the front end and the rear end of the cushion block (5), the locking bolts are respectively arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cushion block (5), and aluminum alloy plates (8) to be processed are tightly pressed between the pressing block (6) and the cushion block (5) through the locking bolts.
2. A method of producing a high entropy alloy grain reinforced fine crystalline aluminum matrix composite material using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1 surface pretreatment of aluminum alloy plate (8)
If the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate (8) is less than or equal to 5mm, polishing any side surface of the aluminum alloy plate (8) to serve as a surface to be processed, if the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate (8) is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10mm, polishing the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the aluminum alloy plate (8) respectively to serve as the surface to be processed until the roughness of the surface to be processed is 0.8 mu m, then punching a plurality of blind holes (9) with the diameter of 1.5-3 mm on the surface to be processed of the aluminum alloy plate (8), wherein the interval between the blind holes (9) is 0.5-1 mm, if the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate (8) is less than or equal to 5mm, the distance between the hole bottom of each blind hole (9) and the bottom surface of the aluminum alloy plate (8) is 0.5mm, and if the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate (8) is more than or equal to 5 and less than;
s2, filling high-entropy alloy powder with the particle size of 15-53 mu m into the blind hole (9) punched in the step S1, compacting the high-entropy alloy powder filled into the blind hole (9) by adopting a cylindrical rod, performing clearance fit between the cylindrical rod and the inner wall of the blind hole (9), and repeating the step S2 for multiple times until the compacted high-entropy alloy powder fills the blind hole (9);
s3, the aluminum alloy plate (8) filled with the high-entropy alloy powder and prepared in the step S2 is clamped on a clamp in a water tank (2), a needleless stirring head (11) is used for sealing an opening of a blind hole (9) on a surface to be processed, the rotating speed of the needleless stirring head (11) is 1000-1400 rad/min, the advancing speed is 40-60 mm/min, the pressing amount is 0.3-0.5 mm, the inclination angle is 0-3 degrees, a sealing layer (10) is prepared at the opening of the blind hole (9), and the high-entropy alloy powder in the blind hole (9) is prevented from escaping in the processing process;
s4, starting a cooling water system, enabling cooling water to continuously flow in from a water inlet (3) of a water tank (2) and then be discharged from a water outlet (4), enabling the flow rate of the cooling water to be 2000-4500L/h, ensuring that an aluminum alloy plate (8) is completely immersed in the water in the circulation process of the cooling water, and enabling the immersion depth of the aluminum alloy plate (8) to be not less than 20 mm; the friction stir welding device is controlled by a pin stirring head (7), the pin stirring head (7) moves above a surface to be processed of an aluminum alloy plate (8), the pin stirring head (7) performs friction stir processing for 3-5 times underwater, the advancing direction of the pin stirring head (7) is opposite to the previous direction every time, the rotating speed of the pin stirring head (7) is 1000-1400 rad/min, the advancing speed is 40-60 mm/min, the pressing amount is 0.3-0.5 mm, and the inclination angle is 0-3 degrees;
s5, polishing and sanding: and (3) moving the pin stirring head (7) out of the processing station after 3-5 times of stirring friction processing, unscrewing the clamp to place the prepared aluminum-based composite plate on the steel flat plate, and polishing the periphery and the processed surface by using sand paper to obtain the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced fine-grain aluminum-based composite material layer (12).
3. A method of producing a high entropy alloy grain reinforced fine crystalline aluminum matrix composite material as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the aluminum alloy plate (8) is made of 5083Al, and the high-entropy alloy powder is made of AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy powder.
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