CN111069738B - Strengthening and toughening method for aluminum alloy welding joint softening zone - Google Patents
Strengthening and toughening method for aluminum alloy welding joint softening zone Download PDFInfo
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- CN111069738B CN111069738B CN201911320768.6A CN201911320768A CN111069738B CN 111069738 B CN111069738 B CN 111069738B CN 201911320768 A CN201911320768 A CN 201911320768A CN 111069738 B CN111069738 B CN 111069738B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
- B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
- B23K9/124—Circuits or methods for feeding welding wire
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
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Abstract
The invention provides a strengthening and toughening method of a softening zone of an aluminum alloy welding joint, which is characterized in that the components of a filler wire are determined according to the grade of a welded aluminum alloy plate, and preset welding parameters are adopted, so that the softening zone of the welding joint is infinitely close to a welding line, and meanwhile, a proper amount of welding line extra height is obtained; the spreading capacity of welding heat in the transverse direction of the welded plate is restrained by the cooling device, and the range and the softening degree of a softening zone are reduced, so that the softening zone of the welding joint can be further close to the weld reinforcement area; and only rolling the welding seam surplus height area, and regulating and controlling the deformation degree and the deformation gradient of the welding joint softening area according to the shape and the deformation amount of the welding seam surplus height, so that the strengthening range and the strengthening degree of the welding joint softening area are regulated and controlled. The invention can lead the overall performance of the aluminum alloy welding joint with the obvious softening area to tend to be consistent, reduce the tendency of stress strain concentration in the stress process, and improve the plasticity index of the welding joint while greatly improving the strength of the aluminum alloy welding joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material engineering, relates to preparation of a high-performance aluminum alloy tailor-welded blank, and particularly relates to a strengthening and toughening method for a softening zone of an aluminum alloy welding joint.
Background
With the development and the revolution of transportation technology, the development direction of modern vehicles is changed to realize the unified combination of safety and light weight. How to reduce the weight of the structure while ensuring the safety performance is a major goal of the entire transportation industry, the current approaches are mainly from the material and structure point of view. Aluminum alloys have a series of excellent properties: the high-density light-weight material has the advantages of low density, good corrosion resistance, high specific strength and high specific height, and therefore, the high-density light-weight material undoubtedly becomes the most advantageous light-weight material in the modern automobile industry, aerospace and rail transit. The tailor-welded blank structure can weld plates with different strength indexes or corrosion resistance according to the characteristics of different performances required by different parts of the member and then integrally form the tailor-welded blank, so that a thin plate can be adopted at a position with lower strength requirement to achieve the aim of light weight.
The aluminum alloy welding technology is still in a less mature stage at present, and mainly because the performance of a softening zone in a welding joint is greatly reduced, the overall strength index of the joint is only about 60-70% of that of a base metal, and because the aluminum alloy has a larger heat conductivity coefficient than other metals under the action of a welding heat source, the coarsening range of crystal grains in the softening zone is wider, and the degree is larger. Meanwhile, when the heat treatment strengthening type aluminum alloy is welded, the phenomena of dissolution, growth and overaging of precipitated phases can occur in a softening zone, compared with a base material, the performance of a welded joint is reduced, and different zone tissues are presented, so that the integrity and uniformity of the plate are greatly damaged, namely, the performance is suddenly changed, stress strain is concentrated in the softening zone during the service period of a welded part, and the mechanical property of the structure is reduced. Even when friction stir welding, which is generally recognized to have a low heat input, is used, the joint is affected by heat and has unevenness, but the degree of unevenness is reduced. And for some series aluminum alloy, such as 6000 series 6061-T6 aluminum alloy welding, the softening zone with the weakest performance is a certain distance away from the welding seam, even though the improvement is realized by the optimization of metallurgical compositions, the welding is a quick solidification process, the diffusion is not in time, and the improvement cannot be realized by the method of the metallurgical composition of the welding seam. Therefore, after welding, a heat treatment process is often adopted to re-dissolve the overaged precipitation phase in the softening zone into the matrix for re-precipitation, so that the joint performance tends to be consistent. However, the heat treatment method is often limited by the size of the weldment and is time consuming, labor consuming and costly.
Therefore, a new tailor-welding manufacturing method is urgently needed, the phenomena of performance reduction of a softening region and abrupt change of regional performance caused by heat in the aluminum alloy welding process are reduced and improved, and the improvement of the overall comprehensive performance of a welding joint becomes the core of the aluminum alloy tailor-welding technology and is also an important research direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The method aims to solve the problems that after welding, the aluminum alloy sheet is reduced in joint performance due to thermal action and has a partitioning phenomenon, so that all areas are mutually not cooperated in a stress process, stress strain is concentrated in the weakest softening area, and premature failure is caused. The invention provides a strengthening and toughening method for a softening zone of an aluminum alloy welding joint, which utilizes a forced cooling device to restrain the transmission capability of welding heat in the transverse direction of a plate, reduces the range and degree of the influence of the heat on aluminum alloy, and enables the softening zone with the weakest performance of the welding joint to be close to a welding seam as far as possible. The wire filling welding process is matched with a subsequent rolling process only for the welding seam wire filling area, so that the softening area can obtain a deformation strengthening effect, and the deformation degree and the deformation gradient of the softening area can be regulated and controlled according to the shape and the deformation amount of the residual height, so that the strengthening range and degree can be regulated and controlled, the area strengthening effect is further achieved, and the overall uniformity of a weldment is improved.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a strengthening and toughening method for a softening zone of an aluminum alloy welding joint is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the components of the filler wire according to the grade of the welded aluminum alloy plate, and adopting preset welding parameters to enable the softening area of the welding joint to be infinitely close to the welding line and obtain a proper amount of welding line extra height;
s2, restraining the spreading capacity of welding heat in the transverse direction of the welded plate through a cooling device, and reducing the range and the softening degree of a softening zone so that the softening zone of the welding joint can be further close to the weld joint surplus height area;
and S3, rolling only the weld joint residual height area, and regulating and controlling the deformation degree and the deformation gradient of the welding joint softening area according to the shape and the deformation amount of the weld joint residual height, so as to regulate and control the strengthening range and the strengthening degree of the welding joint softening area.
Further, in step S1, a filler wire welding method is adopted, and the preset welding parameters include the following parameters: the wire feeding speed, the wire feeding angle, the relative position of the welding wire relative to the center of the welding seam, the welding speed and the welding current ensure that the minimum welding input is adopted on the premise of ensuring the welding quality.
Further, the wire filling welding method adopts a traditional heat source: argon tungsten-arc welding, metal active gas shielded welding or metal inert gas shielded welding; or a high-energy beam heat source is adopted: a laser-arc hybrid welding heat source, a laser beam welding heat source, an electron beam welding heat source, or a plasma arc welding heat source.
Further, for the same aluminum alloy wire filling welding, a heat source acts on the center of a welding seam, and the wire filling position is located at the center of the welding seam; for dissimilar aluminum alloy wire filling welding, the center position of a heat source is changed according to actual needs, so that the heat intake of one side of the plate which is easily affected by the heat source is reduced.
Further, the wire filling amount is determined according to welding heat source parameters and the properties of the base metal, so that the welding seam surplus height area has 50-100% of deformation in the rolling process, and the deformation degree and the deformation gradient of the softening area are regulated and controlled according to the shape and the deformation amount of the welding seam surplus height, so that the strengthening range and degree are regulated and controlled.
Further, the cooling device in step S2 is used to shunt the heat of the fusion welding heat source acting on the welded plate, determine the clamping distance of the cooling device relative to the center of the weld and the temperature control setting of the water cooling machine according to the thickness of the base material and the parameters of the welding heat source, and adjust the cooling capacity.
Furthermore, the temperature control setting range of the cooling device is 5-20 ℃, and a forced forming groove is formed in a water-cooling bottom plate of the cooling device, so that molten metal is directly formed at the joint of the molten metal and the water-cooling bottom plate in the welding process.
Further, in step S3, the rolling of only the weld joint residual height region means that when the welded joint is rolled, the rolling process parameters, that is, the rolling direction, the rolling pass and the rolling temperature, are adjusted according to the performance requirements, and the distance between the rolls is set to the thickness of the welded plate material, so that the effect of simultaneously deforming and strengthening the weld joint residual height portion and the welded joint softening region can be achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. in the traditional fusion welding, in order to reduce the effect of a heat source on softening the aluminum alloy, lower welding heat input is generally adopted, for example, welding parameters are reduced and the welding speed is improved, the lower welding parameters are easy to cause intermittent incomplete penetration, and high-speed welding is easy to cause the component segregation in the center of a welding line. With the method of the present invention, the external cooling device can remove and restrain heat, so that the method has a relatively large welding process parameter window.
2. In the invention, the cooling device reduces the range and degree of the welding softening zone, so that the weakest zone is relatively close to the welding seam, the deformation strengthening of the weakening zone can be realized by the method of rolling the wire-filling welding seam, and the deformation degree and the deformation gradient of the softening zone can be regulated and controlled according to the shape and the deformation amount of the excess height, thereby regulating and controlling the strengthening range and degree, improving the integral heterogeneity of the welding structure and improving the mechanical property of the welding structure.
3. For the aluminum alloy which can be strengthened by heat treatment, after traditional fusion welding or friction stir welding, in order to improve the mechanical property of a weldment, a postweld heat treatment process needs to be matched, and the heat treatment process often needs heating and heat preservation for several days, so that the production cost is undoubtedly increased, and natural resources are wasted. Meanwhile, the heat treatment process is difficult to implement for weldments with relatively large sizes. Compared with the traditional process, the method saves time and cost, and is more suitable for the practical application of automobile enterprises.
In summary, the invention adopts the aluminum alloy wire filling welding method to obtain a certain weld reinforcement, and performs forced cooling and thermal conductivity constraint on the weld and the nearby area in the welding process to make the softened area of the welding joint close to the weld; and secondly, only rolling the welding joint residual height part to enable the welding joint residual height part obtained by filler wire welding and the softening region to generate plastic deformation together, improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the welding joint softening region by utilizing the strengthening effect of the plastic deformation, and regulating and controlling the deformation degree and the deformation gradient of the softening region according to the shape and the deformation amount of the residual height, thereby regulating and controlling the strengthening range and degree. The invention can lead the overall performance of the aluminum alloy welding joint with the obvious softening region to tend to be consistent, reduce the tendency of stress strain concentration in the stress process, greatly improve the strength of the aluminum alloy welding joint, simultaneously improve the plasticity index of the welding joint and provide a brand-new way for developing high-performance lightweight aluminum alloy welding components.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cooling apparatus in the method for strengthening and toughening a softened region of an aluminum alloy welded joint according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the rolling process in the method for strengthening and toughening the softened region of the aluminum alloy welded joint according to the invention.
FIG. 3 is a microstructure diagram of a softened region of a welded joint treated by the method for strengthening and toughening a softened region of an aluminum alloy welded joint, wherein a 5083-O aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 1.5mm and a 6061-T6 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 1.5mm are selected for arc filler wire welding, and (a) is a metallographic structure of the softened region of the welded joint; (b) is a metallographic structure of a welded joint after rolling in a softening region.
FIG. 4 is a mechanical property curve diagram of the method for strengthening and toughening the softening zone of the aluminum alloy welding joint, wherein a 5083-O aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 1.5mm and a 6061-T6 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 1.5mm are selected for arc filler wire welding.
In the figure: 1. a cold water inlet pipe; 2. a circulating water outlet pipe; 3. a cooling circulation water tank; 4. water-cooling the bottom plate; 5. water-cooling the cover plate; 6. a base plate substrate; 7. and (4) rolling.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the absence of any contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention: the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
The invention provides a strengthening and toughening method of an aluminum alloy welding joint softening zone,
s1, determining the components of the filler wire according to the grade of the welded aluminum alloy plate, and adjusting welding parameters by adopting a filler wire welding method: the wire feeding speed, the wire feeding angle, the relative position of a welding wire relative to the center of a welding seam, the welding speed, the welding current and the like, so that the minimum welding input is adopted on the premise of ensuring the welding quality, the softened area of a welding joint is infinitely close to (as close as possible to) the welding seam, and meanwhile, a proper amount of welding seam surplus height is obtained;
the filler wire welding method adopts the following traditional heat source: argon tungsten-arc welding, metal active gas shielded welding or metal inert gas shielded welding, etc.; or a high-energy beam heat source is adopted: laser-arc hybrid welding heat sources, laser beam welding heat sources, electron beam welding heat sources, or plasma arc welding heat sources, and the like. The high-energy beam heat source has concentrated energy, reduces welding heat input required by plate penetration due to heat diffusion, and reduces the range and the softening degree of a softening zone, so that the softening zone of a welding joint is close to a weld joint residual height area.
For the same aluminum alloy wire filling welding, a heat source acts on the center of a welding seam, and the wire filling position is located at the center of the welding seam; for dissimilar aluminum alloy wire filling welding, the center position of a heat source is changed according to actual needs, so that the heat intake of one side of the plate which is easily affected by the heat source is reduced.
The wire filling amount is determined according to welding heat source parameters and the properties of parent metal, so that 50-100% of deformation amount exists in a welding seam surplus height area in the rolling process, and the deformation degree and the deformation gradient of a softening area are regulated and controlled according to the shape and the deformation amount of the welding seam surplus height, so that the strengthening range and degree are regulated and controlled.
Preferably, the wire feeding speed range is 1500-5000 mm/min, the wire feeding angle range is 20-70 degrees, the welding speed range is 300-800 mm/min, the arc current range during argon tungsten-arc welding is 80-200A, and the height range of the tungsten electrode is 1.5-3 mm. When high-energy beam laser electric arc hybrid welding is used, the laser power range is 350-2000W, the adjustment range of the defocusing amount of the laser is-5 mm, the electric arc current range is 60-180A, the adjustment range of the distance Dla between the laser beam and a TIG electric arc electrode is 1.0-3.0 mm, and the distance range of the cold-filling wire and the bare wire is 2.0-5.0 mm.
S2, restraining the spreading capacity of welding heat in the transverse direction of the welded plate through a cooling device, and reducing the range and the softening degree of a softening zone so that the softening zone of the welding joint can be further close to the weld joint surplus height area; specifically, the cooling device is used for shunting heat of a fusion welding heat source acting on a welding plate, determining the clamping distance of the cooling device relative to the center of a welding seam and the temperature control setting of a water cooling machine according to the thickness of a base metal and the parameters of the welding heat source, and adjusting the cooling capacity of the cooling device.
The material of the cooling device can be selected from but not limited to red copper, the cooling medium is cooling water supplied by a water cooling machine, the water cooling temperature control setting range is 5-20 ℃, as shown in figure 1, the principle schematic diagram of the cooling device is only shown, wherein the cooling device can be composed of a water cooling bottom plate 4 and a water cooling cover plate 5 which are arranged on a base plate base body 6, and the water cooling bottom plate 4 and the water cooling cover plate 5 are respectively connected with a cooling circulation water tank 3 through a cold water inlet pipe 1 and a circulating water outlet pipe 2, so that the circulation of the cooling water is ensured.
The water-cooled bottom plate 4 is provided with a forced forming groove, the diameter of the forced forming groove is 4mm, and the depth of the forced forming groove is 2mm, so that the molten metal is directly connected with the water-cooled bottom plate 4 in the welding process, and the method is different from the traditional free forming of the molten metal. The water-cooled bottom plate 4 can take away more heat, and the heat transfer in the transverse direction of the plate is reduced.
According to the thickness of a base metal, a welding method and welding heat source parameters, the clamping distance of the water-cooling cover plate 5 relative to the center of a welding seam is determined, on the premise that the welding heat source is stable, the clamping distance is determined according to the welding fusion width, and for sheet aluminum alloy welding, when argon tungsten-arc welding filler wire is used for welding, the value range of the clamping distance of the single-side water-cooling cover plate 5 relative to the center of the welding seam is 4-8 mm. For relatively thick aluminum alloy welding, when high-energy beam heat source wire filling welding is used, the fusion width is relatively narrow due to the concentrated heat source energy, and the value range of the clamping distance of the single-side water-cooling cover plate 5 relative to the center of a welding seam is also 4-8 mm.
By the above steps S1 and S2, it is possible to reduce the degree to which the softened region is affected by heat so that the softened region is as close to the weld as possible.
And S3, rolling the welding joint, setting the distance between the rollers to be the thickness of the welding plate, namely, only rolling the welding seam excess height area (as shown in figure 2), so that the effect of simultaneously deforming and strengthening the welding seam excess height part and the welding joint softening area can be realized, and the deformation degree and the deformation gradient of the softening area are regulated and controlled according to the shape and the deformation amount of the excess height, thereby regulating and controlling the strengthening range and degree.
In the process of the rolling process, the distance between two rollers is adjusted to roll only a welding seam wire filling area, and the rolling process is adjusted according to the performance requirement, such as: rolling direction, rolling pass, rolling temperature and the like. The softening area can obtain strengthening effect, the purpose of regional strengthening is achieved, the overall performance of the weldment tends to be consistent, the tendency of stress and strain concentration in the stress process is reduced, and the mechanical property is improved.
Example 11 mm-thick 6061-T6 aluminum alloy plate argon tungsten-arc welding example
The argon tungsten-arc welding current is 95A, the height of a tungsten electrode is 2mm, the welding speed is 350mm/min, the wire feeding speed is 5000mm/min, the welding wire mark is ER4043, a heat source acts on the center of a welding seam, the wire feeding angle is 20 degrees, the diameter of a water-cooling bottom plate forced forming groove is 4mm, the depth of the water-cooling bottom plate forced forming groove is 2mm, the clamping distance of a single-side water-cooling cover plate relative to the center of the welding seam is 4mm, the water-cooling temperature control set range is 15 ℃, the distance between two rollers of the rolling process is 1mm, and the residual height part is rolled at room temperature once, so that the deformation of the residual height part is about 66.7% in the rolling process. By adopting the strengthening and toughening method of the softening zone of the aluminum alloy welding joint, the tensile strength of a weldment can reach more than 90% of that of a parent metal 6061-T6, and the elongation can reach more than 80% of that of a parent metal 6061-T6. Argon tungsten-arc welding without adopting the strengthening and toughening method of the aluminum alloy welding joint softening zone, the tensile strength of a welded sample is only 62.5 percent of that of a 6061-T6 base metal, and the elongation is about 50 percent of that of a 6061-T6 base metal.
Example 21.5 mm thick 5083-O aluminum alloy plate and 1.5mm thick 6061-T6 aluminum alloy plate high energy beam laser arc hybrid welding example
The argon tungsten-arc welding current is 110A, the height of a tungsten electrode is 2mm, the laser power is 520W, the laser defocusing amount is 0mm, the distance between a laser beam and an arc electrode is Dla mm, the distance between a light wire is 2.0mm, the welding speed is 350mm/min, the wire feeding speed is 5000mm/min, the number of a welding wire is ER5356, a heat source is deviated by 5083-O side by 0.3mm, the wire feeding angle is 20 degrees, the diameter of a water-cooling bottom plate forced forming groove is 4mm in depth, the clamping distance of a single-side water-cooling cover plate relative to the center of a welding seam is 4mm, the water-cooling temperature control set range is 15 ℃, the distance between two rollers of the rolling process is 1.5mm, and the residual height part is rolled at room temperature once, so that the deformation amount of about 50.2% is generated in the rolling process. After the strengthening and toughening method of the softening zone of the aluminum alloy welded joint is adopted, the tensile fracture of a weldment is on the side of a 5083-O base metal, the tensile strength is equivalent to that of a 5083-O aluminum alloy base metal, more than 90% of a 6061-T6 base metal with the thickness of 1.5mm can be achieved, and the elongation is more than 80% of a 6061-T6 base metal. When the strengthening and toughening method of the softening zone of the aluminum alloy welding joint is not adopted, the tensile strength of a welded sample is only 63.8 percent of that of a parent metal 6061-T6, and the elongation is about 50 percent of that of a parent metal 6061-T6.
A5083-O aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 1.5mm and a 6061-T6 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 1.5mm are selected for arc filler wire welding, and after a welding joint softening area is subjected to strengthening and toughening, as can be seen from figure 3, a large amount of precipitated phase aggregation exists in the softening area of the 6061 aluminum alloy welding joint, and the area is subjected to obvious grain deformation and refinement after rolling, so that the deformation strengthening effect is reflected. FIG. 4 is the stress-displacement curve of welding and rolling of 6061 and 5083 heterogeneous aluminum alloy, and it can be seen that the tensile strength and elongation of the welded joint after rolling are both greatly improved, wherein the tensile strength is equivalent to that of 5083 base metal, which shows that the toughness of the welded joint in the softened region after rolling is both improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A strengthening and toughening method for a softening zone of an aluminum alloy welding joint is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the components of the filler wire according to the grade of the welded aluminum alloy plate, and adopting preset welding parameters to enable the softening area of the welding joint to be infinitely close to the welding line and obtain a proper amount of welding line extra height;
s2, carrying out forced cooling and restraining the transmission capacity of welding heat in the transverse direction of a welded plate through a cooling device, reducing the range and the softening degree of a softening region, and enabling the softening region of a welding joint to be further close to the extra-high region of a welding seam, wherein the cooling device is used for shunting the heat acted on the welded plate by a fusion welding heat source, determining the clamping distance of the cooling device relative to the center of the welding seam and the temperature control setting of a water cooler according to the thickness of a base metal and the parameters of the welding heat source, and adjusting the cooling capacity of the cooling device, and the temperature control setting range of the cooling device is 5-20 ℃;
and S3, rolling only the weld joint residual height area, regulating and controlling the deformation degree and the deformation gradient of the welding joint softening area according to the shape and the deformation amount of the weld joint residual height, so as to regulate and control the strengthening range and the strengthening degree of the welding joint softening area.
2. The method for strengthening and toughening the softened region of the aluminum alloy welded joint according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, a filler wire welding method is adopted, and the preset welding parameters comprise the following parameters: the wire feeding speed, the wire feeding angle, the relative position of the welding wire relative to the center of the welding seam, the welding speed and the welding current ensure that the minimum welding input is adopted on the premise of ensuring the welding quality.
3. The method for strengthening and toughening the softened region of the aluminum alloy welded joint according to claim 2, wherein the wire filling welding method is characterized in that a traditional heat source is adopted: consumable electrode active gas shielded welding or consumable electrode inert gas shielded welding; or a high-energy beam heat source is adopted: a laser-arc hybrid welding heat source, a laser beam welding heat source, an electron beam welding heat source, or a plasma arc welding heat source.
4. The method for strengthening and toughening an aluminum alloy welded joint softened region according to claim 2, wherein for the same aluminum alloy filler wire welding, a heat source acts on the center of the weld, and the filler wire is positioned at the center of the weld; for dissimilar aluminum alloy wire filling welding, the center position of a heat source is changed according to actual needs, so that the heat intake of one side of the plate which is easily affected by the heat source is reduced.
5. The method for strengthening and toughening the aluminum alloy welded joint softening zone according to claim 3, wherein the amount of the filler wire is determined according to welding heat source parameters and the properties of the base metal, so that the welding seam surplus height area has 50-100% of deformation in the rolling process, and the deformation degree and the deformation gradient of the softening zone are regulated and controlled according to the shape and the deformation amount of the welding seam surplus height, so that the strengthening range and degree are regulated and controlled.
6. The method for strengthening and toughening an aluminum alloy welded joint softening zone according to claim 1, wherein a water-cooled bottom plate of the cooling device is provided with a forced forming groove, so that molten metal is directly connected with the water-cooled bottom plate in the welding process and then formed.
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