CN111069439B - Self-resistance heating incremental forming device and forming method - Google Patents
Self-resistance heating incremental forming device and forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111069439B CN111069439B CN201911193589.0A CN201911193589A CN111069439B CN 111069439 B CN111069439 B CN 111069439B CN 201911193589 A CN201911193589 A CN 201911193589A CN 111069439 B CN111069439 B CN 111069439B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
- B21D31/005—Incremental shaping or bending, e.g. stepwise moving a shaping tool along the surface of the workpiece
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-resistance heating incremental forming device and a forming method, wherein the forming device comprises: the device comprises a thin plate to be formed, a supporting model, a first rigid tool head, an insulating connecting rod, a lead, a second rigid tool head, an adjustable flexible tool head group and a low-voltage large-current pulse power supply; fixing the thin plate to be formed on a support model; the insulating connecting rod is sequentially provided with a first rigid tool head, an adjustable flexible tool head group and a second rigid tool head; the processing end surface of the first rigid tool head and the processing end surface of the second rigid tool head are respectively positioned above two adjacent processing areas on the sheet to be formed and are contacted with the sheet to be formed; the first rigid tool head and the second rigid tool head are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of a low-voltage high-current pulse power supply through leads to form a local self-resistance heating loop. The invention utilizes the softening and creep properties of the titanium alloy material in a heating state to improve the plasticity of the titanium alloy material, thereby reducing the forming force, improving the formability and reducing the forming process and the rebound of parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control thermal incremental forming, in particular to a self-resistance heating incremental forming device and a forming method.
Background
The titanium and titanium alloy material not only has the outstanding advantages of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high specific strength, fatigue resistance, wide use temperature range and the like, but also has rich titanium resources and can be recycled. Since the 20 th century and the 50 th century, the titanium industry has been rapidly developed due to urgent needs of aerospace technology, and titanium alloys are more and more widely applied to aerospace, ships, petrochemical industry, electric power, metallurgy, automobiles and daily life, and are known as "space metal", "ocean metal" and "land metal", which are important strategic metal materials.
However, the titanium alloy has large yield ratio at normal temperature, large required forming force and easy cracking, so the plastic deformation range of the titanium and the titanium plate is very narrow; in addition, the titanium alloy has small elastic modulus at normal temperature, so that the metal plate has serious resilience after forming, is not easy to adhere to a die and is difficult to form. The above factors bring difficulty to the deformation of the titanium alloy at normal temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the device and the method overcome the defects of the prior art, and improve the plasticity of the titanium alloy material by utilizing the softening and creep properties of the titanium alloy material in a heating state, thereby reducing the forming force, improving the formability and reducing the resilience of the forming process and parts.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a self-resistance heating incremental forming device, which comprises: the device comprises a thin plate to be formed, a supporting model, a first rigid tool head, an insulating connecting rod, a lead, a second rigid tool head, an adjustable flexible tool head group and a low-voltage large-current pulse power supply;
fixing the thin plate to be formed on a support model; the insulating connecting rod is sequentially provided with a first rigid tool head, an adjustable flexible tool head group and a second rigid tool head; the processing end surface of the first rigid tool head and the processing end surface of the second rigid tool head are respectively positioned above two adjacent processing areas on the thin plate to be formed and are in contact with the thin plate to be formed; the bottom of the first rigid tool head and the bottom of the second rigid tool head are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of a low-voltage high-current pulse power supply through leads to form a local self-resistance heating loop.
Optionally, an adjustable flexible tool head set comprising: n groups of flexible tool heads and N groups of elastic elements; wherein, each flexible tool head is connected with the insulating connecting rod through a corresponding elastic element.
Optionally, the head structure of the flexible tool head is a one-piece rigid structure or a ball structure.
Optionally, a first cooling channel and a second cooling channel are machined in the first rigid tool head and the second rigid tool head, respectively.
Optionally, the method further comprises: a conduit, a temperature control system, and a cooling control system;
the inlet end of the first cooling flow channel is connected with the output end of the cooling control system, and the outlet end of the second cooling flow channel is connected with the input end of the cooling control system; the outlet end of the first cooling flow channel is communicated with the inlet end of the second cooling flow channel through a guide pipe; the temperature control system and the cooling control system are connected through a lead.
Optionally, the method further comprises: the infrared thermal imaging device comprises a first infrared thermal imaging instrument, a first insulating support, a second infrared thermal imaging instrument and a second insulating support; the first insulating support and the second insulating support are respectively arranged at two ends of the insulating connecting rod; the first infrared thermal imager and the second infrared thermal imager are respectively connected through a first insulating support and a second insulating support; the first infrared thermal imager and the second infrared thermal imager are connected with the temperature control system through leads.
Optionally, the method further comprises: a control switch; the control switch is arranged on a lead connected with the positive electrode of the low-voltage high-current pulse power supply at the bottom of the first rigid tool head.
Optionally, the distance D between the first and second rigid tool heads and the diameter D of the first rigid tool head1And diameter d of the second rigid tool head2The following relationship is satisfied: d is less than or equal to 1.5 (D)1+d2)。
Optionally, the centroids of the first and second rigid tool heads lie in the same plane; the first rigid tool head and the second rigid tool head move simultaneously and the movement tracks are parallel to each other; the motion tracks of the first rigid tool head and the second rigid tool head are perpendicular to the insulating connecting rod.
The invention also discloses a self-resistance heating incremental forming method, which comprises the following steps:
fixing the thin plate to be formed on a support model;
sequentially mounting each tool head on an insulating connecting rod; wherein, the tool head includes: the tool comprises a first rigid tool head, an adjustable flexible tool head group and a second rigid tool head;
connecting the first rigid tool head and the second rigid tool head into a low-voltage high-current pulse power supply to form a local self-resistance heating loop;
fixing a first infrared thermal imager and a second infrared thermal imager at two ends of an insulating connecting rod through a first insulating support and a second insulating support respectively to realize temperature monitoring between tool heads and at contact areas of the tool heads and a thin plate to be formed;
setting the temperature to be reached in a processing area through a temperature control system, turning on a low-voltage large-current pulse power supply, and switching on a heating loop;
controlling the first rigid tool head and the second rigid tool head to carry out progressive forming on the sheet to be formed in the plane according to the planned track; the adjustable flexible tool head group adaptively adjusts the contact profile of the thin plate to be formed under the action of contact pressure and elastic force of the elastic element in the moving process of the first rigid tool head and the second rigid tool head, and applies adaptive correction pressure to the thin plate to be formed so as to improve the forming precision;
and (5) completing the motion track of each tool head to manufacture a formed sheet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention discloses a self-resistance heating incremental forming device, wherein two rigid tool heads are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a low-voltage high-current pulse power supply to form a closed loop, and current flows through a thin plate to be formed to generate high temperature by utilizing the characteristic of high resistance of titanium alloy so as to reduce the deformation resistance of the thin plate to be formed and increase the deformation degree of the thin plate to be formed in the forming process.
(2) The invention discloses a self-resistance heating incremental forming device, wherein two rigid tool heads are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a low-voltage high-current pulse power supply, the distance between the two rigid tool heads is very short, the flow path of current is shortened, the heat dissipation area and the current loss are greatly reduced, and the heating efficiency is improved.
(3) The invention discloses a self-resistance heating incremental forming device, wherein an infrared thermal imager moves along with a tool head, so that the real-time performance of temperature monitoring is ensured, a temperature control system is favorable for carrying out feedback regulation on a cooling control system and a low-voltage large-current pulse power supply, and the heating temperature is kept in a reasonable range all the time.
(4) The invention discloses a self-resistance heating incremental forming device, which is characterized in that a cooling flow channel is processed in a rigid tool head to cool the contact area of the rigid tool head and a to-be-formed sheet, so that the local over-high temperature is prevented, and the phenomenon that the wall thickness of the to-be-formed sheet is too thin when the surface quality is poor or even large deformation occurs is avoided. Under the action of the cooling liquid, the temperature of the contact area between the rigid tool heads and the sheet to be formed is lower than that of the sheet to be formed between the rigid tool heads. And the position between the rigid tool heads is just the area with large bending deformation, and the high temperature is favorable for reducing elastic resilience and improving the forming precision of parts.
(5) The invention discloses a self-resistance heating incremental forming device, wherein an adjustable flexible tool head group is arranged between two rigid tool heads, the adjustable flexible tool head group can adaptively adjust the contact profile with a sheet to be formed according to the shape of a formed part, and applies correction pressure to the most easily formed area between the rigid tool heads, so that the film sticking degree and the forming precision of the sheet to be formed are further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a self-resistance heating incremental forming apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a temperature field distribution diagram of a sheet material during a incremental forming process according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the movement process of a rigid tool head along different forming tracks.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The invention discloses a self-resistance heating incremental forming device, which is suitable for forming parts such as titanium alloy corrugated discs and the like with the forming difficulties of difficult deformation at room temperature, large part geometric characteristic local deformation, large resilience, low forming precision and the like, wherein the selective area incremental forming process is not limited by forming tracks.
Referring to fig. 1, which is a schematic structural view of a self-resistance heating incremental forming device in the present invention, the self-resistance heating incremental forming device includes: the device comprises a thin plate to be formed 1, a supporting model 2, a first rigid tool head 3, an insulating connecting rod 8, a second rigid tool head 16, an adjustable flexible tool head group 17 and a low-voltage large-current pulse power supply 13.
The thin plate 1 to be formed is fixed on a supporting model 2; the insulating connecting rod 8 is sequentially provided with a first rigid tool head 3, an adjustable flexible tool head group 17 and a second rigid tool head 16; the processing end surface of the first rigid tool head 3 and the processing end surface of the second rigid tool head 16 are respectively positioned above two adjacent processing areas on the thin plate 1 to be formed and are in contact with the thin plate 1 to be formed; the bottom of the first rigid tool head 3 and the bottom of the second rigid tool head 16 are respectively connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of the low-voltage high-current pulse power supply 13 through leads to form a local self-resistance heating loop. Wherein, local self-resistance heating circuit means: the titanium alloy is introduced with large current, and a large amount of joule heat is generated in a short time by utilizing the characteristic of high resistance of the titanium alloy, so that the temperature of the thin plate to be formed is quickly raised, and the aim of hot forming is fulfilled.
In the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the adjustable flexible tool bit set 17 includes: n sets of flexible tool bits 19 and N sets of resilient elements 18. Wherein each flexible tool head is connected with the insulating connecting rod 8 through a corresponding elastic element. Preferably, the number N of flexible tool bits and elastic elements may be set according to the shape of the sheet to be formed, generally, the minimum value of N is 5, and the maximum value is satisfied: the length of the N groups of flexible tool heads is not more than the distance between the first rigid tool head and the second rigid tool head. Namely, in the process of incremental forming, the adjustable flexible tool head group can be adjusted in a self-adaptive mode according to the shape of the thin plate to be formed, correction pressure is applied to the most easily formed area between the rigid tool heads, and the film sticking degree and the forming precision of the thin plate to be formed are further improved. Further, the head structure of the flexible tool head 19 may be a one-piece rigid structure or a ball structure.
In the invention, because the contact resistance between the rigid tool head and the sheet to be formed is very large, the temperature of a contact area after electrification is extremely high, the sheet to be formed is softened seriously due to the excessively high temperature, the surface quality of the sheet to be formed is damaged due to the very large contact load between the rigid tool head and the sheet to be formed, and the forming limit of the sheet to be formed is reduced due to the cracking of the sheet to be formed even early in serious cases. Therefore, in the present invention, the first cooling flow passage 4 and the second cooling flow passage 15 are respectively machined in the first rigid tool bit 3 and the second rigid tool bit 16; in addition, the guide pipe 5, the temperature control system 11 and the cooling control system 12 are further arranged, the cooling control system 12 is controlled through the temperature control system 11, cooling liquid is provided by the cooling control system 12 to flow in the cooling flow channel so as to take away a large amount of heat, the contact area between the rigid tool head and the thin plate to be formed is cooled, and the temperature of the contact area is prevented from being too high. Preferably, the self-resistance heating incremental forming apparatus further includes: a conduit 5, a temperature control system 11 and a cooling control system 12. The inlet end of the first cooling flow channel 4 is connected with the output end of the cooling control system 12, and the outlet end of the second cooling flow channel 15 is connected with the input end of the cooling control system 12; the outlet end of the first cooling flow passage 4 is communicated with the inlet end of the second cooling flow passage 15 through a conduit 5; the temperature control system 11 and the cooling control system 12 are connected through a lead.
In the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the self-resistance heating incremental forming apparatus further includes: the infrared thermal imaging system comprises a first infrared thermal imaging camera 6, a first insulating bracket 7, a second infrared thermal imaging camera 14 and a second insulating bracket 9. The first insulating support 7 and the second insulating support 9 are respectively arranged at two ends of the insulating connecting rod 8; the first infrared thermal imager 6 and the second infrared thermal imager 14 are respectively connected through a first insulating support 7 and a second insulating support 9; the first infrared thermal imager 6 and the second infrared thermal imager 14 are connected with the temperature control system 11 through wires.
Preferably, the first thermal infrared imager 6 and the second thermal infrared imager 14 move together with the first rigid tool head 3 and the second rigid tool head 16 to monitor the temperature of the area between the first rigid tool head 3 and the second rigid tool head 16 in real time during the incremental forming process; the first infrared thermal imager 6 and the second infrared thermal imager 14 are connected to the temperature control system 11, the first infrared thermal imager 6 and the second infrared thermal imager 14 transmit collected temperature signals to the temperature control system 11, the temperature control system 11 judges whether the temperature is proper or not according to the collected temperature signals, and then controls the cooling control system 12 and the low-voltage high-current pulse power supply 13 which are connected with the temperature control system according to a temperature judgment result, so that the adjustment of the flow rate and the output current of cooling liquid is realized, the feedback adjustment of the processing temperature is further realized, and the temperature of two adjacent processing areas of the thin plate 1 to be formed is kept in a reasonable range. For titanium alloys, a reasonable processing temperature range is a temperature range that can significantly improve plasticity, reduce deformation resistance, and avoid severe oxidation.
In the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the self-resistance heating incremental forming apparatus further includes: the switch 10 is controlled. Wherein, the control switch 10 is arranged on a lead connected with the anode of the low-voltage large-current pulse power supply 13 at the bottom of the first rigid tool head 3.
In the present invention, the distance D between the first rigid tool bit 3 and the second rigid tool bit 16 and the diameter D of the first rigid tool bit 31And diameter d of second rigid tool head 162The following relationship is satisfied: d is less than or equal to 1.5 (D)1+d2)。D≤1.5(d1+d2) The arrangement of (3) reduces the heat dissipation area between the first rigid tool head 3 and the second rigid tool head 16 and increases the temperature thereof, so that a selected area temperature field with a regular distribution as shown in fig. 2 can be formed: the point c of the middle area of the first rigid tool head 3 and the second rigid tool head 16 reaches the highest temperature value T2; the temperature values of the contact areas (points b and d) of the first rigid tool head 3 and the second rigid tool head 16 with the sheet 1 to be formed are T1, and T1 is slightly lower than T2; the temperature at the ends (points a and e) remote from the processing area is room temperature. It can be seen that the middle area of the first rigid tool head 3 and the second rigid tool head 16 becomes the most easily formed area, the contact area of the first rigid tool head 3 and the second rigid tool head 16 with the sheet 1 to be formed is the second most easily formed area, and the surface quality and the forming limit of the sheet 1 to be formed are greatly improved.
In the present invention, the centroids of the first rigid tool head 3 and the second rigid tool head 16 are located in the same plane; the first rigid tool head 3 and the second rigid tool head 16 move simultaneously and the motion tracks are parallel to each other; the movement tracks of the first rigid tool head 3 and the second rigid tool head 16 are perpendicular to the insulated connecting rod 8. As shown in fig. 3, the velocities v1 and v2 of the first rigid tool head 3 and the second rigid tool head 16 are always parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of the line connecting the centers of mass of the two rigid tool heads for different forming trajectories.
Example 2
The invention also discloses a self-resistance heating incremental forming method, which comprises the following steps: fixing the thin plate to be formed on a support model; sequentially mounting each tool head on an insulating connecting rod; wherein, the tool head includes: the tool comprises a first rigid tool head, an adjustable flexible tool head group and a second rigid tool head; connecting the first rigid tool head and the second rigid tool head into a low-voltage high-current pulse power supply to form a local self-resistance heating loop; fixing a first infrared thermal imager and a second infrared thermal imager at two ends of an insulating connecting rod through a first insulating support and a second insulating support respectively to realize temperature monitoring between tool heads and at contact areas of the tool heads and a thin plate to be formed; setting the temperature to be reached in a processing area through a temperature control system, turning on a low-voltage large-current pulse power supply, and switching on a heating loop; controlling the first rigid tool head and the second rigid tool head to carry out progressive forming on the sheet to be formed in the plane according to the planned track; the adjustable flexible tool head group adaptively adjusts the contact profile of the thin plate to be formed under the action of contact pressure and elastic force of the elastic element in the moving process of the first rigid tool head and the second rigid tool head, and applies adaptive correction pressure to the thin plate to be formed so as to improve the forming precision; and (5) completing the motion track of each tool head to manufacture a formed sheet.
The present specification does not describe in detail the content of which is common general knowledge to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A self-heating, progressive forming apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a thin plate (1) to be formed, a support model (2), a first rigid tool head (3), an insulating connecting rod (8), a second rigid tool head (16), an adjustable flexible tool head group (17) and a low-voltage high-current pulse power supply (13);
the thin plate (1) to be formed is fixed on the supporting model (2); a first rigid tool head (3), an adjustable flexible tool head group (17) and a second rigid tool head (16) are sequentially arranged on the insulating connecting rod (8); the processing end surface of the first rigid tool head (3) and the processing end surface of the second rigid tool head (16) are respectively positioned above two adjacent processing areas on the thin plate (1) to be formed and are in contact with the thin plate (1) to be formed; the bottom of the first rigid tool head (3) and the bottom of the second rigid tool head (16) are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of a low-voltage high-current pulse power supply (13) through leads to form a local self-resistance heating loop.
2. A self-heating incremental forming apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjustable flexible tool head set (17) comprises: n groups of flexible tool heads (19) and N groups of elastic elements (18); wherein each flexible tool head is connected with an insulating connecting rod (8) through a corresponding elastic element.
3. A self-heating incremental forming apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the head structure of the flexible tool head (19) is of one-piece rigid or ball construction.
4. A self-heating incremental forming device according to claim 1, characterised in that the first (4) and second (15) cooling channels are machined in the first (3) and second (16) rigid tool heads, respectively.
5. The self-heating progressive forming device according to claim 4, further comprising: a conduit (5), a temperature control system (11) and a cooling control system (12);
the inlet end of the first cooling flow channel (4) is connected with the output end of the cooling control system (12), and the outlet end of the second cooling flow channel (15) is connected with the input end of the cooling control system (12); the outlet end of the first cooling flow channel (4) is communicated with the inlet end of the second cooling flow channel (15) through a conduit (5); the temperature control system (11) and the cooling control system (12) are connected through a lead.
6. The self-heating progressive forming device according to claim 5, further comprising: the device comprises a first infrared thermal imager (6), a first insulating bracket (7), a second infrared thermal imager (14) and a second insulating bracket (9); the first insulating support (7) and the second insulating support (9) are respectively arranged at two ends of the insulating connecting rod (8); the first infrared thermal imager (6) and the second infrared thermal imager (14) are respectively connected through a first insulating support (7) and a second insulating support (9); the first infrared thermal imager (6) and the second infrared thermal imager (14) are connected with the temperature control system (11) through leads.
7. The self-heating progressive forming device according to claim 1, further comprising: a control switch (10); the control switch (10) is arranged on a lead connected with the bottom of the first rigid tool head (3) and the positive electrode of the low-voltage high-current pulse power supply (13).
8. A self-heating block as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7Shaping device, characterized in that the distance D between the first rigid tool head (3) and the second rigid tool head (16) and the diameter D of the first rigid tool head (3)1And the diameter d of the second rigid tool head (16)2The following relationship is satisfied: d is less than or equal to 1.5 (D)1+d2)。
9. A self-heating progressive forming device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the centers of mass of the first rigid tool head (3) and the second rigid tool head (16) are located in the same plane; the first rigid tool head (3) and the second rigid tool head (16) move simultaneously and the motion tracks are parallel to each other; the movement tracks of the first rigid tool head (3) and the second rigid tool head (16) are vertical to the insulating connecting rod (8).
10. A self-resistance heating incremental forming method, comprising:
fixing the thin plate to be formed on a support model;
sequentially mounting each tool head on an insulating connecting rod; wherein, the tool head includes: the tool comprises a first rigid tool head, an adjustable flexible tool head group and a second rigid tool head;
connecting the first rigid tool head and the second rigid tool head into a low-voltage high-current pulse power supply to form a local self-resistance heating loop;
fixing a first infrared thermal imager and a second infrared thermal imager at two ends of an insulating connecting rod through a first insulating support and a second insulating support respectively to realize temperature monitoring between tool heads and at contact areas of the tool heads and a thin plate to be formed;
setting the temperature to be reached in a processing area through a temperature control system, turning on a low-voltage large-current pulse power supply, and switching on a heating loop;
controlling the first rigid tool head and the second rigid tool head to carry out progressive forming on the sheet to be formed in the plane according to the planned track; the adjustable flexible tool head group adaptively adjusts the contact profile of the thin plate to be formed under the action of contact pressure and elastic force of the elastic element in the moving process of the first rigid tool head and the second rigid tool head, and applies adaptive correction pressure to the thin plate to be formed so as to improve the forming precision;
and (5) completing the motion track of each tool head to manufacture a formed sheet.
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| CN112317608B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-09-24 | 南京航空航天大学 | Self-resistance electric heating incremental forming temperature real-time control system |
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