CN111066874A - Method for preserving globefish by combining composite coating with modified atmosphere packaging - Google Patents
Method for preserving globefish by combining composite coating with modified atmosphere packaging Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/10—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/14—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
- A23B4/16—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
Abstract
A method for preserving puffer fish by combining composite coating with modified atmosphere packaging comprises the steps of selecting fish samples, preparing coating, processing the fish samples, coating, packaging into bags, modified atmosphere packaging and refrigerating in a refrigerator. According to the invention, after the puffer fish is coated with the composite active coating of epsilon-PL/chitosan/sodium alginate, MAP packaging is carried out and the puffer fish is stored at 4 ℃, so that the growth and propagation of microorganisms in the sample can be inhibited, the total number of bacterial colonies in the treated group sample is at a relatively low level in the storage process, and meanwhile, high-concentration CO in the modified atmosphere packaging2And a low concentration of O2The growth and the propagation of microorganisms are further inhibited, the quality deterioration reactions of the puffer fish, such as protein degradation, fat oxidation and the like, are effectively delayed under the synergistic effect of the two, the shelf life of the puffer fish is prolonged, and meanwhile, the composite technology is safe and environment-friendly, has relatively low production cost, and is a puffer fish refrigeration and preservation means with high commercial value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preserving puffer fish, in particular to a method for preserving puffer fish by combining composite coating with modified atmosphere packaging.
Background
The globefish is also called bubble fish and porcupine fish, is a traditional food in coastal areas of China, is widely distributed in east sea, yellow sea, Bohai sea and Yangtze river basin, and is one fish species of three delicacies in Yangtze river. The puffer fish is delicious in taste and rich in nutrition, contains 8 essential amino acids and 10 nonessential amino acids, has a ratio of the essential amino acids to the nonessential amino acids (WTEAA/WTNEAA) of 68.34%, is higher than an ideal mode of FAO/WHO, is a high-quality protein source, contains high-content mineral elements such as potassium, calcium, zinc and the like, has relatively low fat content, and is popular with people. However, fresh puffer fish is extremely easy to go bad under the action of exogenous microorganisms and endogenous enzymes, so that the shelf life of the puffer fish is shortened, resource waste and environmental burden are caused, and the exploration of an effective preservation mode has important significance for the puffer fish industry. The common preservation technologies of aquatic products at present comprise low-temperature storage, sterilization treatment, vacuum packaging, modified atmosphere packaging, biological preservative and the like. The Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) technology can effectively inhibit the growth and propagation of microorganisms and reduce the rate of protein degradation and fat oxidation by adjusting the gas composition in the food storage environment, thereby prolonging the shelf life and being widely applied to the field of aquatic product preservation. Polylysine (epsilon-polylysine, epsilon-PL) is a biodegradable antimicrobial agent produced by biological fermentation and is classified as a safe agent by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which can be adsorbed to the cell surface of anionic microorganisms by electrostatic action to cause rupture of the outer cell membrane, destruction of cytoplasm, and finally cell death, as consumers pay more and more attention to the natural green characteristic of the preservative, the epsilon-PL is paid more and more attention to the good antibacterial effect and biodegradability, the bioactive coating is widely applied to the field of food preservation in recent years, the bioactive coating added with the epsilon-PL is proved by Li, Cai, Na and the like to effectively prolong the shelf life of aquatic products, therefore, the patent combines two preservation modes of epsilon-PL/chitosan/sodium alginate composite active coating and MAP, and invents an effective globefish preservation method.
Jea et al published article "Effect of epsilon-polylysine and icestore on microbial composition and quality of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) stored at 0 ℃ (2019, 83: 27-35.) in Food Microbiology, and experiments prove that the quality deterioration rate of Pacific white shrimp is effectively delayed and the shelf life is prolonged by soaking treatment of epsilon-PL solution, but epsilon-PL solution is thin in texture and cannot be attached to shrimp bodies to play a role in continuously inhibiting bacteria in the whole storage process, so researchers often select a proper carrier as a delivery system of epsilon-PL to continuously play a role in inhibiting bacteria.
Zhang Zhan et al published in the food science and technology article, "research on preservation effect of poly-lysine composite coating synergistic modified atmosphere packaging on golden pomfret" (2018, 43(11): 166-171.), experiments prove That Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVBN) and thiobarbituric acid value (TBA) of the epsilon-PL/sodium alginate composite coating synergistic modified atmosphere packaging group golden pomfret are in first-order freshness after being refrigerated for 9 days, and a sample which is not treated is rotten after being refrigerated for 5 days, prove that the epsilon-PL composite coating synergistic modified atmosphere packaging can effectively maintain the quality of the golden pomfret, but the sodium alginate has the defects of strong hydrophilicity, low thermal stability and the like, and researchers usually use polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, chitosan and the like to improve the performance of the sodium alginate.
epsilon-PL is a biodegradable natural biological preservative, can destroy microbial cells through electrostatic action so as to effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of microbes in aquatic products, and reduce the quality deterioration rate, and modified atmosphere packaging is a physical preservation mode commonly used in the aquatic product industry and can effectively prolong the shelf life of the aquatic products, so that the invention combines two preservation modes to be applied to the preservation process of the puffer fish so as to achieve the synergistic preservation effect, thereby prolonging the shelf life of the puffer fish and simultaneously meeting the idea that consumers seek green and healthy products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preserving puffer fish by combining composite coating with modified atmosphere packaging, which is characterized in that MAP packaging is carried out after the puffer fish is coated with an epsilon-PL/chitosan/sodium alginate composite active coating, and the puffer fish is stored at 4 ℃, so that the technology can effectively inhibit the increase of the Total number of bacterial colonies (TVC) in a sample, maintain volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), a freshness value (K value), a thiobarbituric acid value (TBARS) and Centrifugal loss (Centricular acid reactive substructures) at relatively low levels, slow down the decrease of Hardness value (Hardness) and Sensory score (Sensory scores), and remarkably prolong the shelf life of the puffer fish.
The invention relates to a method for preserving puffer fish by combining composite coating with modified atmosphere packaging, which comprises the steps of selecting fish samples, preparing coating, processing the fish samples, processing the coating, packaging and bagging, modified atmosphere packaging and refrigerating in a refrigerator, and is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
(1) selecting and purchasing a fish sample: puffer fish with uniform size, bright color, fresh state and weight of 300 + -10 g is selected and purchased, and then is transported to a laboratory by a foam box for oxygenation.
(2) Preparing an active coating: adding 2 parts of chitosan into 100 parts of water, stirring for 1min by using a stirrer, dropwise adding 1 part of 100% acetic acid solution into the solution at the speed of 0.1ml/s while stirring at the rotating speed of 700-900 r/min, and stirring for 5-15 min at the rotating speed of 1600-2400 r/min at the temperature of 35-45 ℃ until the chitosan coating solution is fully and uniformly mixed to form 1% chitosan coating solution; adding 1 part of sodium alginate into 100 parts of water, stirring for 3-5 hours at the temperature of 45-75 ℃ by using a stirrer at the rotating speed of 1600-2400 r/min until the sodium alginate and the water are uniformly mixed, and adding 100 parts of 0.1% CaCl into 100 parts of the fully and uniformly mixed sodium alginate solution at the speed of 1ml/s2Continuously stirring the solution at the temperature of 45-75 ℃ for 0.5-1.5 h at the rotating speed of 2500-2700 r/min to obtain calcium alginate pre-gel; taking 1-10 parts of calcium alginate pre-gel, adding the calcium alginate pre-gel into 10-20 parts of 1% chitosan solution at the speed of 1ml/s under the condition of the rotating speed of 2700-3000 r/min, and continuously stirring for 0.5-1.5 h at the temperature of 45-75 ℃ to form a chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating; weighing 0.02-0.06 part of epsilon-PL, adding the epsilon-PL into the chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating film, and stirring for 1-3 h at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ at the rotating speed of 2700-3000 r/min until the epsilon-PL/chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating film liquid with the concentration of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% is prepared respectively; and (3) placing the composite coating liquid in an ultrasonic homogenizer, and ultrasonically homogenizing for 10-60 min at the power of 600-1000W.
The preferable scheme is as follows: the chitosan coating liquid is prepared by firstly adding chitosan into water, stirring for 1min, uniformly mixing, then adding 1 part of 100% acetic acid solution, adding 1 part of acetic acid into the chitosan water solution to enable the chitosan to be rapidly dissolved within 30s to form the chitosan coating liquid, and if the chitosan is directly added into the 1% acetic acid solution, stirring for 1h to be completely dissolved.
The preferable scheme is as follows: the temperature for preparing the chitosan coating liquid is 40 ℃, the rotating speed is 2000r/min, the stirring time is 10min, the performance of chitosan can be prevented from being influenced by overhigh temperature and the dissolution can be accelerated under the temperature condition, and the texture of the coating liquid can be most uniform under the conditions of the rotating speed and the stirring time.
The preferable scheme is as follows: the temperature for preparing the sodium alginate coating liquid is 60 ℃, the rotating speed is 2000r/min, and the stirring time is 4 hours;
under the condition of the temperature, the sodium alginate performance can be prevented from being influenced by overhigh temperature, the dissolution can be accelerated, and the texture of the coating liquid can be most uniform under the conditions of the rotating speed and the stirring time.
The preferable scheme is as follows: the temperature for preparing the calcium alginate pre-gel is 60 ℃, the rotating speed is 2600r/min, and the stirring time is 1 h;
under the condition of the temperature, the calcium alginate pre-gelling performance can be prevented from being influenced by overhigh temperature, the dissolution can be accelerated, and the pre-gelling texture can be most uniform under the conditions of the rotating speed and the stirring time.
The preferable scheme is as follows: taking 3 parts of calcium alginate pre-gel, adding the calcium alginate pre-gel into 17 parts of 1% chitosan solution at the speed of 1ml/s under the rotating speed condition of 2800r/min, and continuously stirring the mixture for 1 hour at the temperature of 60 ℃ to form a chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating; under the condition of the temperature, the film liquid performance can be prevented from being influenced by overhigh temperature, the dissolution can be accelerated, and the texture of the chitosan/sodium alginate composite film liquid can be the most uniform under the conditions of the adding speed, the rotating speed and the stirring time.
The preferable scheme is as follows: after the epsilon-PL is added, stirring for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 2800r/min at the temperature of 35 ℃ until the epsilon-PL/chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating liquid is fully and uniformly mixed, so that the epsilon-PL performance can be prevented from being influenced by overhigh temperature and the dissolution can be accelerated under the temperature condition, and the epsilon-PL/chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating liquid can be made to be the most uniform in texture under the conditions of the rotating speed and the stirring time;
the preferable scheme is as follows: and (3) carrying out an ultrasonic homogenization process on the composite membrane coating liquid, adjusting the power to 800W, carrying out ultrasonic homogenization for 20min, and further homogenizing the membrane liquid and removing bubbles under the conditions of the power and the ultrasonic time.
(3) Processing the fish sample: rapidly cutting open the abdomen of the puffer fish with sharp scissors to bleed blood; after the gills are cut off, the gills and internal organs are removed together, and then the residual internal organs are trimmed by scissors; tearing off the skin of the puffer along the upper abdominal part cutting line of the puffer fish; removing the eyes of the puffer fish with scissors; squeezing out residual blood in the vertebral column of the globefish; cleaning the globefish with ice water.
(4) Coating treatment: putting the blowfish killed and cleaned in the step (3) into a container with the mass ratio of 1: 2-1: 4, soaking the puffer fish in the film coating liquid for 8-15 min for film coating treatment, and airing the puffer fish in a ventilation chamber at 4 ℃ for 10-40 min.
The preferable scheme is as follows: the mass ratio of the globefish to the coating liquid is 1: 3, the soaking time is 10 min.
The preferable scheme is as follows: and (3) airing the puffer fish after coating in a ventilation chamber at 4 ℃ for 30 min.
(5) Packaging into a bag: and respectively filling the aired puffer fish into high-resistance polyvinylidene chloride packaging bags with the specification of 28cm multiplied by 28 cm.
(6) Modified atmosphere packaging: starting the bag type air-conditioning fresh-locking packaging machine, starting the vacuum pump, selecting an air-conditioning packaging mode, and setting the gas proportion range to be 40-60% CO2、0~10%O2And 30 to 40% N2The ratio of the volume of gas (ml) to the weight of the puffer fish (g) is 2: 1-4: 1, the vacuum pumping is carried out for 5-15 s, the gas filling is carried out for 3-5 s, the heat sealing is carried out at 125-150 ℃, and the pressure of a fresh-keeping gas source is 4-6 kg/cm2The pressure of the power gas source is 7-8 kg/cm2After the packaging machine operates stably according to the parameters, the mouth of the modified atmosphere packaging bag filled with the globefish is placed at the position of gas replacement and heat sealing, and a modified atmosphere packaging button is clicked to carry out modified atmosphere packaging.
The preferable scheme is as follows: the gas proportion of the modified atmosphere packaging gas is 60 percent CO2、5% O2And 35% N2The ratio of the volume of gas (ml) to the weight of puffer fish (g) was 3: 1.
The preferable scheme is as follows: the parameters of the modified atmosphere packaging machine are that the vacuum pumping is 10s, the air inflation is 4s, the heat sealing is 150 ℃, and the freshness is keptThe gas source pressure is 5kg/cm2The pressure of the power gas source is 7.5kg/cm2。
(7) Refrigerating by a refrigerator: the processed puffer fish sample is rapidly transferred into a refrigerator with the temperature of 4.0 +/-0.1 ℃ for storage.
The air-conditioned packaging bags selected by the invention are high-resistance polyvinylidene chloride packaging bags, and all samples are stored at the temperature of 4 +/-0.1 ℃. According to the invention, the Epsilon-PL composite active coating is prepared to carry out coating treatment on the puffer fish, so that the growth and propagation of microorganisms in the sample can be inhibited, the total number of bacterial colonies in the storage process of the treated group of samples is relatively low, and simultaneously, high-concentration CO in the modified atmosphere package is high2And a low concentration of O2The growth and the propagation of microorganisms are further inhibited, the quality deterioration reactions of the puffer fish, such as protein degradation, fat oxidation and the like, are effectively delayed under the synergistic effect of the two, the shelf life of the puffer fish is prolonged, and meanwhile, the composite technology is safe and environment-friendly, has relatively low production cost, and is a puffer fish refrigeration and preservation means with high commercial value.
FIG. 1 shows the change in the total number of colonies (TVC) of the puffer fish in combination with the epsilon-PL composite coating film and modified atmosphere packaging.
FIG. 2 shows the change of volatile basic nitrogen content (TVB-N) of globefish packaged by epsilon-PL composite coating film in combination with modified atmosphere.
FIG. 3 shows the change of freshness value (K value) of puffer fish in combination with modified atmosphere packaging by epsilon-PL composite coating.
FIG. 4 shows the change of the thiobarbituric acid value (TBA value) of puffer fish in combination with an epsilon-PL composite coating film and modified atmosphere packaging.
FIG. 5 shows the variation of centrifugation loss (Centrifugal loss) of puffer fish in combination with epsilon-PL composite coating film and modified atmosphere packaging.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the change in globefish Hardness values (Hardness) for epsilon-PL composite film coating in combination with modified atmosphere packaging.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the change in Sensory scores (Sensory scales) of puffer fish in combination with modified atmosphere packaging of epsilon-PL composite film.
Detailed Description
To explain the operation flow and creation features of the present invention in more detail for the user to understand and use better, the following detailed description is given with reference to the embodiments.
Example 1
(1) Selecting and purchasing a fish sample: selecting puffer fish with uniform size, bright color, fresh state and weight of 300 + -10 g, and transporting to laboratory via foam box;
(2) preparing an active coating: firstly, adding 2 parts of chitosan into 100 parts of water, stirring for 1min by using a stirrer, dropwise adding 1 part of 100% acetic acid solution into the solution at the speed of 0.1ml/s while stirring at the rotating speed of 800r/min, and stirring for 10min at the rotating speed of 2000r/min at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed to form 1% chitosan coating liquid;
the chitosan coating liquid is prepared by the sequence that 2 parts of chitosan is added into 100 parts of water, 1 part of 100 percent acetic acid solution is added after the mixture is stirred for 1min, and the acetic acid is added into the chitosan water solution to enable the chitosan to be rapidly dissolved within 30s to form the chitosan coating liquid;
adding 1 part of sodium alginate into 100 parts of water, stirring for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 2000r/min at the temperature of 60 ℃ by using a stirrer until the mixture is uniformly mixed, and adding 100 parts of 0.1 percent CaCl into 100 parts of the fully and uniformly mixed sodium alginate solution at the speed of 1ml/s2Continuously stirring the solution at the temperature of 60 ℃ at the rotating speed of 2600r/min for 1h to obtain calcium alginate pre-gel;
taking 3 parts of calcium alginate pre-gel, adding the calcium alginate pre-gel into 17 parts of 1% chitosan solution at the speed of 1ml/s under the rotating speed condition of 2800r/min, and continuously stirring the mixture for 1 hour at the temperature of 60 ℃ to form a chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating;
respectively weighing 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 parts of epsilon-PL, adding the epsilon-PL into the chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating film, and stirring the mixture for 2 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃ at the rotating speed of 2800r/min until the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed to prepare epsilon-PL/chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating film liquid with the concentration of 0.1 percent, 0.2 percent and 0.3 percent;
placing the composite coating liquid in an ultrasonic homogenizer, and ultrasonically homogenizing for 20min at the power of 800W;
(3) processing the fish sample: rapidly cutting open the abdomen of the puffer fish with sharp scissors to bleed blood; after the gills are cut off, the gills and internal organs are removed together, and then the residual internal organs are trimmed by scissors; tearing off the skin of the puffer along the upper abdominal part cutting line of the puffer fish; removing the eyes of the puffer fish with scissors; squeezing out residual blood in the vertebral column of the globefish; cleaning the globefish with ice water;
(4) coating treatment: putting the blowfish killed and cleaned in the step (3) into a container with the mass ratio of 1: 3, soaking the puffer fish in the film coating liquid for 10min for film coating treatment, and airing the puffer fish in a ventilation chamber at 4 ℃ for 30 min;
(5) packaging into a bag: respectively filling the aired puffer fish into high-resistance polyvinylidene chloride packaging bags with the specification of 28cm multiplied by 28 cm;
(6) modified atmosphere packaging: starting the bag type air-adjusting fresh-locking packaging machine, starting the vacuum pump, selecting an 'air-adjusting packaging' mode, and setting the gas proportion to be 60% CO2、5% O2And 35% N2The ratio of the volume of gas (ml) to the weight of puffer fish (g) is 3:1, vacuum pumping is carried out for 10s, air inflation is carried out for 4s, heat sealing is carried out at 150 ℃, and the pressure of fresh-keeping gas source is 5kg/cm2The pressure of the power gas source is 7.5kg/cm2After the packaging machine operates stably according to the parameters, the opening of the modified atmosphere packaging bag filled with the globefish is placed at the position of gas replacement and heat sealing, and a modified atmosphere packaging button is clicked to carry out modified atmosphere packaging;
(7) refrigerating by a refrigerator: the processed puffer fish sample is rapidly transferred into a refrigerator with the temperature of 4.0 +/-0.1 ℃ for storage.
The treated puffer fish is subjected to the following performance tests:
sampling and detecting: sampling and detecting for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days respectively, detecting the reserved globefish for 0 day, randomly sampling three globefish every time after 0 day as parallel groups for detection, and exploring the fresh-keeping effect of the globefish in different groups through index measurement.
Index measurement:
(1) total number of colonies (TVC): accurately weighing 5.00 g of fish sample, putting into 45 mL of sterilized normal saline, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture of 1:10, a homogeneous dilution; then 1ml sterile pipetting is used for sucking 1: injecting 1ml of 10 diluent into a test tube containing 9 ml of sterile normal saline along the wall for 10-time gradient dilution to prepare 1:100 sample diluent, uniformly mixing, and performing 10-time serial dilution according to the operation and actual conditions; selecting 3 bacteria liquid with proper dilution concentration, sucking 1mL of the bacteria liquid into sterilized culture dishes, enabling each gradient to be parallel to 2, simultaneously sucking 1mL of sterilized normal saline into the two sterilized culture dishes respectively, and placing the sterilized normal saline in a super clean bench to be used as a blank control; pouring 15-20 mL of plate counting agar culture medium cooled to 45 ℃ into the culture dish, and rotating the culture dish to uniformly mix the agar culture medium and the plate counting agar culture medium; after the agar is solidified, the flat plate is placed in a biochemical incubator at the temperature of 30 +/-1 ℃ upside down for culturing for 72 +/-3 h, the total number of bacterial colonies is determined by adopting a flat plate counting method, and sterilized normal saline is used as a blank for a contrast test; and after the culture, selecting a plate with the total number of colonies of 30-300 for counting.
(2) Volatile basic nitrogen content (TVB-N): the determination is carried out according to GB 5009.228-2016 (determination of volatile basic nitrogen in national food safety standard) and a semi-trace Kjeldahl nitrogen determination principle. Accurately weighing 5.00 g of puffer fish sample, placing in a digestive tube, adding 2 spoons of MgO powder, measuring the TVB-N value of the puffer fish sample by using a programmed Kjeldahl apparatus, performing 3 parallel experiments, and averaging.
(3) Freshness value (K value): accurately weighing 5.00 g of fish sample in a centrifugal tube, adding 10 mL of perchloric acid with volume fraction of 10% at 4 ℃, homogenizing, centrifuging for 15min at 4 ℃ and 8000 r/min, and taking supernatant; adding 10 mL of perchloric acid with volume fraction of 5% at 4 ℃ into the precipitate, homogenizing, centrifuging at 4 ℃ and 8000 r/min for 10min, and repeating for 2 times; finally, combining the supernatants, adding 15 mL of ultrapure water, adjusting the pH of the supernatant to 6.5 by using 10 mol/L and 1 mol/L KOH solutions and 5% and 10% perchloric acid solutions, standing for 30min, taking the supernatant into a 50mL volumetric flask, metering the volume to 50mL by using the ultrapure water, and shaking up; finally, the mixture was filtered through a 0.22 μm membrane, and the filtrate was stored in a liquid phase sample bottle and subjected to high performance liquid analysis. 3 replicates of each sample were taken and averaged. High performance liquid phase analysis conditions: chromatography column VP-CDSC18 (46 mm. times.150 mm), which was eluted in equilibrium with 0.05 mol/L phosphate buffer pH =6.7, sample load of 10 uL, flow rate of 1 mL/min, column temperature of 30 ℃, detection wavelength of 254 nm, and K value was calculated according to the formula, wherein WHxR, WHx, WATP, WADP, WAMP and WIMP are the mass fractions of inosine, hypoxanthine, adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenylic acid and inosinic acid, respectively:
(4) thiobarbituric acid number (TBA): accurately weighing 5.00 g of fish sample homogenate, adding 25 mL of 20% trichloroacetic acid, standing for 1h, centrifuging at 0 deg.C and 8000 r/min for 10min, filtering, transferring the filtrate to a 50mL volumetric flask, and fixing the volume. Transferring 5 mL of the solution into a beaker, adding 5 mL of 0.02 mol/L thiobarbituric acid solution, oscillating, mixing uniformly, reacting in a boiling water bath for 20min, taking out and cooling to room temperature. The absorbance values were read at 532 nm against distilled water. The TBA values are as follows:
. Wherein A is the absorbance value at 532 nm and TBA is in mg/kg.
(5) Loss by centrifugation (Centrifugal loss): weighing about 2.00 g of fish sample as W1, wrapping the fish sample with filter paper, placing the fish sample in a centrifugal tube, centrifuging for 10min at 8000 r/min, weighing the fish sample after centrifugation as W2, and calculating the centrifugal loss according to a formula:
(6) hardness value (Hardness): cutting 15 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm fish blocks, selecting TPA mode to perform measurement, and setting parameters as follows: probe descent speed before measurement: 2.00 mm/s; testing speed: 1.00 mm/s; measuring the return speed of the probe: 5.00 mm/s; compression ratio: 40 percent; trigger force: 5.0 g; probe type p/5; the data acquisition rate was 200.00 points/s, and 3 parallel experiments were performed on each group of samples, and the average was taken.
(7) Sensory scores (Sensory scores):
after being stored for 18 days, the index values of the invention and each control group are shown in the following table, wherein the invention combines MAP package (0.1 epsilon-PL + MAP; 0.2 epsilon-PL + MAP; 0.3 epsilon-PL + MAP) with epsilon-PL composite active coating treatment, and the control group is ① epsilon-PL-free chitosan/sodium alginate coating combined air package group (AP) ② epsilon-PL-free chitosan/sodium alginate coating combined MAP package group (MAP).
TABLE 1 comparison of the indices in each group after 18 days storage
Through the comparison detection, all indexes of the puffer fish treated by the preservation method are superior to those of a control group, the shelf life of the puffer fish is obviously prolonged, and the preservation effect is good.
Example 2: a method for preserving puffer fish by combining composite coating with modified atmosphere packaging comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and purchasing a fish sample: puffer fish with uniform size, bright color, fresh state and weight of 300 + -10 g is selected and purchased, and then is transported to a laboratory by a foam box for oxygenation.
(2) Preparing an active coating: firstly, adding 2 parts of chitosan into 100 parts of water, stirring for 1min by using a stirrer, dropwise adding 1 part of 100% acetic acid solution into the solution at the speed of 0.1ml/s while stirring at the rotating speed of 800r/min, and stirring for 10min at the rotating speed of 2000r/min at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed to form 1% chitosan coating liquid; adding 1 part of sodium alginate into 100 parts of water, stirring for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 2000r/min at the temperature of 60 ℃ by using a stirrer until the mixture is uniformly mixed, and adding 100 parts of 0.1 percent CaCl into 100 parts of the fully and uniformly mixed sodium alginate solution at the speed of 1ml/s2Continuously stirring the solution at the temperature of 60 ℃ at the rotating speed of 2600r/min for 1h to obtain calcium alginate pre-gel; taking 3 parts of calcium alginate pre-gel, adding the calcium alginate pre-gel into 17 parts of 1% chitosan solution at the speed of 1ml/s under the rotating speed condition of 2800r/min, and continuously stirring the mixture for 1 hour at the temperature of 60 ℃ to form a chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating; weighing 0.02 part of epsilon-PL, adding the epsilon-PL into the chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating film, stirring for 2 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃ at the rotating speed of 2800r/min, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the epsilon-PL/chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating film with the concentration of 0.1 percentCoating liquid; and (3) placing the composite coating liquid in an ultrasonic homogenizer, and ultrasonically homogenizing for 20min at the power of 800W.
(3) Processing the fish sample: rapidly cutting open the abdomen of the puffer fish with sharp scissors to bleed blood; after the gills are cut off, the gills and internal organs are removed together, and then the residual internal organs are trimmed by scissors; tearing off the skin of the puffer along the upper abdominal part cutting line of the puffer fish; removing the eyes of the puffer fish with scissors; squeezing out residual blood in the vertebral column of the globefish; cleaning the globefish with ice water.
(4) Coating treatment: putting the blowfish killed and cleaned in the step (3) into a container with the mass ratio of 1: 3 soaking the puffer fish in the film coating liquid for 10min for film coating treatment, and airing the puffer fish in a ventilation chamber at 4 ℃ for 30 min.
(5) Packaging into a bag: and respectively filling the aired puffer fish into high-resistance polyvinylidene chloride packaging bags with the specification of 28cm multiplied by 28 cm.
(6) Modified atmosphere packaging: starting the bag type air-adjusting fresh-locking packaging machine, starting the vacuum pump, selecting an 'air-adjusting packaging' mode, and setting the gas proportion to be 60% CO2、5% O2And 35% N2The ratio of the volume of gas (ml) to the weight of puffer fish (g) is 3:1, vacuum pumping is carried out for 10s, air inflation is carried out for 4s, heat sealing is carried out at 150 ℃, and the pressure of fresh-keeping gas source is 5kg/cm2The pressure of the power gas source is 7.5kg/cm2After the packaging machine operates stably according to the parameters, the mouth of the modified atmosphere packaging bag filled with the globefish is placed at the position of gas replacement and heat sealing, and a modified atmosphere packaging button is clicked to carry out modified atmosphere packaging.
(7) Refrigerating by a refrigerator: the processed puffer fish sample is rapidly transferred into a refrigerator with the temperature of 4.0 +/-0.1 ℃ for storage.
Example 3: a method for preserving puffer fish by combining composite coating with modified atmosphere packaging comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and purchasing a fish sample: puffer fish with uniform size, bright color, fresh state and weight of 300 + -10 g is selected and purchased, and then is transported to a laboratory by a foam box for oxygenation.
(2) Preparing an active coating: firstly, adding 2 parts of chitosan into 100 parts of water, stirring for 1min by using a stirrer, and stirring at the rotating speed of 800r/minDropwise adding 1 part of 100% acetic acid solution into the solution at the speed of 0.1ml/s while stirring, and stirring at the temperature of 40 ℃ at the rotating speed of 2000r/min for 10min until the solution is fully and uniformly mixed to form 1% chitosan coating solution; adding 1 part of sodium alginate into 100 parts of water, stirring for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 2000r/min at the temperature of 60 ℃ by using a stirrer until the mixture is uniformly mixed, and adding 100 parts of 0.1 percent CaCl into 100 parts of the fully and uniformly mixed sodium alginate solution at the speed of 1ml/s2Continuously stirring the solution at the temperature of 60 ℃ at the rotating speed of 2600r/min for 1h to obtain calcium alginate pre-gel; taking 3 parts of calcium alginate pre-gel, adding the calcium alginate pre-gel into 17 parts of 1% chitosan solution at the speed of 1ml/s under the rotating speed condition of 2800r/min, and continuously stirring the mixture for 1 hour at the temperature of 60 ℃ to form a chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating; weighing 0.04 part of epsilon-PL, adding the epsilon-PL into the chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating film, and stirring for 2 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃ at the rotating speed of 2800r/min until the epsilon-PL/chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating film liquid with the concentration of 0.1% is prepared; and (3) placing the composite coating liquid in an ultrasonic homogenizer, and ultrasonically homogenizing for 20min at the power of 800W.
(3) Processing the fish sample: rapidly cutting open the abdomen of the puffer fish with sharp scissors to bleed blood; after the gills are cut off, the gills and internal organs are removed together, and then the residual internal organs are trimmed by scissors; tearing off the skin of the puffer along the upper abdominal part cutting line of the puffer fish; removing the eyes of the puffer fish with scissors; squeezing out residual blood in the vertebral column of the globefish; cleaning the globefish with ice water.
(4) Coating treatment: putting the blowfish killed and cleaned in the step (3) into a container with the mass ratio of 1: 3 soaking the puffer fish in the film coating liquid for 10min for film coating treatment, and airing the puffer fish in a ventilation chamber at 4 ℃ for 30 min.
(5) Packaging into a bag: and respectively filling the aired puffer fish into high-resistance polyvinylidene chloride packaging bags with the specification of 28cm multiplied by 28 cm.
(6) Modified atmosphere packaging: starting the bag type air-adjusting fresh-locking packaging machine, starting the vacuum pump, selecting an 'air-adjusting packaging' mode, and setting the gas proportion to be 60% CO2、5% O2And 35% N2The ratio of the gas volume (ml) to the weight (g) of the puffer fish is 3:1, and vacuumizingAir for 10s, inflating for 4s, sealing at 150 deg.C, and keeping fresh gas source pressure of 5kg/cm2The pressure of the power gas source is 7.5kg/cm2After the packaging machine operates stably according to the parameters, the mouth of the modified atmosphere packaging bag filled with the globefish is placed at the position of gas replacement and heat sealing, and a modified atmosphere packaging button is clicked to carry out modified atmosphere packaging.
(7) Refrigerating by a refrigerator: the processed puffer fish sample is rapidly transferred into a refrigerator with the temperature of 4.0 +/-0.1 ℃ for storage.
Example 3: a method for preserving puffer fish by combining composite coating with modified atmosphere packaging comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and purchasing a fish sample: puffer fish with uniform size, bright color, fresh state and weight of 300 + -10 g is selected and purchased, and then is transported to a laboratory by a foam box for oxygenation.
(2) Preparing an active coating: firstly, adding 2 parts of chitosan into 100 parts of water, stirring for 1min by using a stirrer, dropwise adding 1 part of 100% acetic acid solution into the solution at the speed of 0.1ml/s while stirring at the rotating speed of 800r/min, and stirring for 10min at the rotating speed of 2000r/min at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed to form 1% chitosan coating liquid; adding 1 part of sodium alginate into 100 parts of water, stirring for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 2000r/min at the temperature of 60 ℃ by using a stirrer until the mixture is uniformly mixed, and adding 100 parts of 0.1 percent CaCl into 100 parts of the fully and uniformly mixed sodium alginate solution at the speed of 1ml/s2Continuously stirring the solution at the temperature of 60 ℃ at the rotating speed of 2600r/min for 1h to obtain calcium alginate pre-gel; taking 3 parts of calcium alginate pre-gel, adding the calcium alginate pre-gel into 17 parts of 1% chitosan solution at the speed of 1ml/s under the rotating speed condition of 2800r/min, and continuously stirring the mixture for 1 hour at the temperature of 60 ℃ to form a chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating; weighing 0.06 part of epsilon-PL, adding the epsilon-PL into the chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating film, and stirring for 2 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃ at the rotating speed of 2800r/min until the epsilon-PL/chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating film liquid with the concentration of 0.1% is prepared; and (3) placing the composite coating liquid in an ultrasonic homogenizer, and ultrasonically homogenizing for 20min at the power of 800W.
(3) Processing the fish sample: rapidly cutting open the abdomen of the puffer fish with sharp scissors to bleed blood; after the gills are cut off, the gills and internal organs are removed together, and then the residual internal organs are trimmed by scissors; tearing off the skin of the puffer along the upper abdominal part cutting line of the puffer fish; removing the eyes of the puffer fish with scissors; squeezing out residual blood in the vertebral column of the globefish; cleaning the globefish with ice water.
(4) Coating treatment: putting the blowfish killed and cleaned in the step (3) into a container with the mass ratio of 1: 3 soaking the puffer fish in the film coating liquid for 10min for film coating treatment, and airing the puffer fish in a ventilation chamber at 4 ℃ for 30 min.
(5) Packaging into a bag: and respectively filling the aired puffer fish into high-resistance polyvinylidene chloride packaging bags with the specification of 28cm multiplied by 28 cm.
(6) Modified atmosphere packaging: starting the bag type air-adjusting fresh-locking packaging machine, starting the vacuum pump, selecting an 'air-adjusting packaging' mode, and setting the gas proportion to be 60% CO2、5% O2And 35% N2The ratio of the volume of gas (ml) to the weight of puffer fish (g) is 3:1, vacuum pumping is carried out for 10s, air inflation is carried out for 4s, heat sealing is carried out at 150 ℃, and the pressure of fresh-keeping gas source is 5kg/cm2The pressure of the power gas source is 7.5kg/cm2After the packaging machine operates stably according to the parameters, the mouth of the modified atmosphere packaging bag filled with the globefish is placed at the position of gas replacement and heat sealing, and a modified atmosphere packaging button is clicked to carry out modified atmosphere packaging.
(7) Refrigerating by a refrigerator: the processed puffer fish sample is rapidly transferred into a refrigerator with the temperature of 4.0 +/-0.1 ℃ for storage.
The experimental result of the invention shows that the epsilon-PL composite active coating can effectively maintain the good storage quality of the puffer fish by combining with the modified atmosphere packaging, the shelf life is prolonged from 7 days of the air packaging to 17 days, and the technical method is simple, convenient, fast, healthy and environment-friendly, and can be widely applied to enterprise production and supermarket retail puffer fish.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preserving puffer fish by combining composite coating with modified atmosphere packaging is characterized by comprising the following steps: the operation steps comprise fish sample selection, coating preparation, fish sample treatment, coating treatment, packaging and bagging, modified atmosphere packaging and refrigerator refrigeration, and are characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
(1) selecting and purchasing a fish sample: selecting puffer fish with uniform size, bright color, fresh state and weight of 300 + -10 g, and transporting to laboratory via foam box;
(2) preparing an active coating: firstly, adding 2 parts of chitosan into 100 parts of water, stirring for 1min by using a stirrer, dropwise adding 1 part of 100% acetic acid solution into the solution at the speed of 0.1ml/s while stirring at the rotating speed of 700-900 r/min, and stirring for 5-15 min at the rotating speed of 1600-2400 r/min at the temperature of 35-45 ℃ until the chitosan coating solution is uniformly mixed to form 1% chitosan coating solution;
adding 1 part of sodium alginate into 100 parts of water, stirring for 3-5 hours at the temperature of 45-75 ℃ by using a stirrer at the rotating speed of 1600-2400 r/min until the sodium alginate and the water are uniformly mixed, and adding 100 parts of 0.1% CaCl into 100 parts of the fully and uniformly mixed sodium alginate solution at the speed of 1ml/s2Continuously stirring the solution at the temperature of 45-75 ℃ for 0.5-1.5 h at the rotating speed of 2500-2700 r/min to obtain calcium alginate pre-gel;
taking 1-10 parts of calcium alginate pre-gel, adding the calcium alginate pre-gel into 10-20 parts of 1% chitosan solution at the speed of 1ml/s under the condition of the rotating speed of 2700-3000 r/min, and continuously stirring for 0.5-1.5 h at the temperature of 45-75 ℃ to form a chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating;
weighing 0.02-0.06 part of epsilon-PL, adding the epsilon-PL into the chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating film, and stirring for 1-3 h at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ at the rotating speed of 2700-3000 r/min until the epsilon-PL/chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating film liquid with the concentration of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% is prepared respectively;
placing the composite coating liquid in an ultrasonic homogenizer, and ultrasonically homogenizing for 10-30 min at the power of 600-1000W;
(3) processing the fish sample: rapidly cutting open the abdomen of the puffer fish with sharp scissors to bleed blood; after the gills are cut off, the gills and internal organs are removed together, and then the residual internal organs are trimmed by scissors; tearing off the skin of the puffer along the upper abdominal part cutting line of the puffer fish; removing the eyes of the puffer fish with scissors; squeezing out residual blood in the vertebral column of the globefish; cleaning the globefish with ice water;
(4) coating treatment: putting the blowfish killed and cleaned in the step (3) into a container with the mass ratio of 1: 2-1: 4, soaking the puffer fish in the film coating liquid for 8-15 min for film coating treatment, and airing the puffer fish in a ventilation chamber at 4 ℃ for 10-60 min;
(5) packaging into a bag: respectively filling the aired puffer fish into high-resistance polyvinylidene chloride packaging bags with the specification of 28cm multiplied by 28 cm;
(6) modified atmosphere packaging: starting the bag type air-conditioning fresh-locking packaging machine, starting the vacuum pump, selecting an air-conditioning packaging mode, and setting the gas proportion range to be 40-60% CO2、0～10％O2And 30 to 40% N2The ratio of the volume of gas (ml) to the weight of the puffer fish (g) is 2: 1-4: 1, the vacuum pumping is carried out for 5-15 s, the gas filling is carried out for 3-5 s, the heat sealing is carried out at 125-150 ℃, and the pressure of a fresh-keeping gas source is 4-6 kg/cm2The pressure of the power gas source is 7-8 kg/cm2After the packaging machine operates stably according to the parameters, the opening of the modified atmosphere packaging bag filled with the globefish is placed at the position of gas replacement and heat sealing, and a modified atmosphere packaging button is clicked to carry out modified atmosphere packaging;
(7) refrigerating by a refrigerator: the processed puffer fish sample is rapidly transferred into a refrigerator with the temperature of 4.0 +/-0.1 ℃ for storage.
2. The method for preserving globefish with composite coating combined with modified atmosphere packaging according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the chitosan coating liquid is prepared by adding 2 parts of chitosan into 100 parts of water, stirring for 1min, adding 1 part of 100% acetic acid solution, and adding acetic acid into the chitosan water solution to rapidly dissolve chitosan within 30s to form the chitosan coating liquid.
3. The method for preserving globefish with composite coating combined with modified atmosphere packaging according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding 2 parts of chitosan into 100 parts of water, stirring for 1min by using a stirrer, dropwise adding 1 part of 100% acetic acid solution into the solution at the speed of 0.1ml/s while stirring at the speed of 800r/min, and stirring for 10min at the speed of 2000r/min at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the mixture is fully mixed to form 1% chitosan coating liquid.
4. The method for preserving globefish with composite coating combined with modified atmosphere packaging according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
adding 1 part of sodium alginate into 100 parts of water, stirring for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 2000r/min at the temperature of 60 ℃ by using a stirrer until the mixture is uniformly mixed, and adding 100 parts of 0.1 percent CaCl into 100 parts of the fully and uniformly mixed sodium alginate solution at the speed of 1ml/s2And continuously stirring the solution at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 1h at the rotating speed of 2600r/min to obtain the calcium alginate pre-gel.
5. The method for preserving globefish with composite coating combined with modified atmosphere packaging according to claims 1, 3 and 4, wherein:
and 3 parts of calcium alginate pre-gel is taken, added into 17 parts of 1% chitosan solution at the speed of 1ml/s under the rotating speed condition of 2800r/min, and stirred for 1 hour under the condition of 60 ℃ to form the chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating.
6. The method for preserving globefish with composite coating combined with modified atmosphere packaging according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that:
respectively weighing 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 parts of epsilon-PL, adding the epsilon-PL into the chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating film, and stirring the mixture for 2 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃ at the rotating speed of 2800r/min until the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the epsilon-PL/chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating film liquid with the concentration of 0.1 percent, 0.2 percent and 0.3 percent.
7. The method for preserving globefish with composite coating combined modified atmosphere packaging according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that:
and (3) placing the composite coating liquid in an ultrasonic homogenizer, and ultrasonically homogenizing for 20min at the power of 800W.
8. The method for preserving globefish with composite coating combined with modified atmosphere packaging according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
putting the globefish into a reaction kettle with a mass ratio of 1: 3 soaking the puffer fish in the film coating liquid for 10min for film coating treatment, and airing the puffer fish in a ventilation chamber at 4 ℃ for 30 min.
9. The method for preserving globefish with composite coating combined with modified atmosphere packaging according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
starting the bag type air-adjusting fresh-locking packaging machine, starting the vacuum pump, selecting an 'air-adjusting packaging' mode, and setting the gas proportion to be 60% CO2、5％O2And 35% N2The ratio of the volume of gas (ml) to the weight of puffer fish (g) is 3:1, vacuum pumping is carried out for 10s, air inflation is carried out for 4s, heat sealing is carried out at 150 ℃, and the pressure of fresh-keeping gas source is 5kg/cm2The pressure of the power gas source is 7.5kg/cm2。
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