CN111066476A - Corn kernel combine harvester with high water content - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a corn kernel combine harvester with high water content. Which comprises a cutting table, a lifting conveyer and a feeding cylinder, the threshing mechanism comprises a plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder and a threshing concave plate, wherein a header is fixed at one end of a supporting arm, an elevator is fixed on the supporting arm, the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder is rotatably and obliquely arranged on a rack of a harvester upwards, a feeding auger is arranged at the front end of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder, a plurality of threshing plates A and threshing plates B are connected to the outer surface of a threshing cylinder of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder, the outer side end of each threshing plate A is of a tooth-shaped structure, the feeding cylinder is arranged outside the feeding auger, the front end of the elevator is positioned below the header, the rear end of the elevator is correspondingly positioned above the feeding auger, the threshing concave plate is formed by connecting a plurality of cylindrical threshing circular tubes which are arranged in parallel through a circular arc-shaped fixing plate, the threshing concave plate is coaxially arranged at the lower part of the outer side of the plate-type axial flow threshing.

Description

Corn kernel combine harvester with high water content

Technical Field

The invention relates to a corn kernel combine harvester with high water content, and belongs to the technical field of corn harvesters.

Background

At present, corn kernel direct harvesting combine harvesters all adopt a downward feeding mode to convey corn ears, the corn ears are forcibly pressed down by a chain rake harrow rod of a conveying trough to be conveyed to the lower part of the foremost end of a feeding screw blade of a threshing cylinder, and then the corn ears are forcibly conveyed to a threshing area of the threshing cylinder through multi-wheel rotation under the combined action of the feeding screw blade and a grass guide plate in the feeding cylinder. The feeding cylinder of the existing corn kernel direct harvesting combine is of a structure with a big front and a small back, the feeding blades are also of a structure with a big front and a small back, the structure is not beneficial to quickly conveying the ears to a threshing area, the conveying time is long, and a large number of grass guide plates in the feeding cylinder scratch and extrude the kernels of the ears, so that the kernel crushing rate is very high. In the prior art, the corn kernels are seriously damaged in the lower feeding mode under the condition of high water content. In addition, most of threshing parts of the existing corn kernel direct harvesting combine harvester adopt spike-tooth rollers, and the threshing structure has great damage to the corn kernels, particularly the kernels are seriously damaged under high water content, and the damage rate and the loss rate of the corn kernels are great.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the corn kernel combine harvester with high water content, which can reduce the kernel breakage rate in direct harvesting of the corn kernels with high water content.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a corn kernel combine harvester with high water content is characterized in that: including header, elevator, feeding drum, board-like axial compressor threshing cylinder, threshing concave, the one end at the support arm is fixed to the header, the other end of support arm is fixed in the frame of harvester, the elevator is for carrying the chain structure, be connected with a plurality of ears of fruit scraper blade on the conveyor chain of elevator with the interval, the outside of elevator is provided with the elevator casing, the elevator passes through the elevator casing is fixed on the support arm, board-like axial compressor threshing cylinder rotationally and slope and upwards set up in the frame of harvester and be located the rear portion of elevator, board-like axial compressor threshing cylinder includes threshing drum, coaxial coupling in the feeding auger of threshing drum front end, fixed connection are in a plurality of threshing plate A and threshing plate B on the threshing drum surface, threshing plate A's outside end has the profile of tooth structure, the feeding cylinder sets up the outside of feeding screw feeder and with the frame fixed connection of harvester, the front end of elevator corresponds to be located the below of header, the rear end of elevator corresponds to be located the top of feeding screw feeder, the upper portion of feeding cylinder corresponds the rear end of elevator is provided with the opening, it is circular-arc structure to thresh the notch board, it is constituteed through convex fixed plate connection by a plurality of parallel arrangement's cylindric pipe of threshing by the concave board of threshing, it is in to thresh the coaxial setting of concave board the outside lower part of board-like axial compressor threshing cylinder is fixed in the frame of harvester, thresh the concave board with threshing gap has between the board-like axial compressor threshing cylinder, the circular arc opening of threshing concave board is up.

The corn ear feeding device comprises a header, an elevator, a feeding auger and a plate-type axial flow threshing roller, wherein the header is used for harvesting corn ears and conveying the harvested corn ears to the lower part of the middle position of the header, the elevator receives the conveyed corn ears below the header, then the corn ears are conveyed to the rear upper part of the feeding auger by the elevator and are conveyed from the upper part, and the corn ears are quickly conveyed to a threshing area of the plate-type axial flow threshing roller by the feeding auger in a feeding cylinder. The corn ears are arranged between the threshing concave plate and the threshing cylinder of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder, and the corn ears are kneaded by the threshing plate A and the threshing plate B on the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder in the rotating process of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder, so that the corn ears are threshed and separated.

Furthermore, the feeding cylinder is of a cylinder structure with a smooth inner wall. The feeding cylinder adopts a cylinder structure with a smooth inner wall, corn ears cannot scratch seeds when being conveyed by the feeding auger, and the seed breakage rate can be reduced.

Furthermore, in order to ensure the conveying efficiency of the feeding auger, the clearance between the feeding cylinder and the auger blade of the feeding auger is 10-25 mm.

Further, the gap between the feeding cylinder and the auger blade of the feeding auger is 15 mm.

Furthermore, the inclination angle of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder is 6-12 degrees. The plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder arranged obliquely is beneficial to threshing and separating, can well separate seeds from materials, and is not easy to generate entrainment.

Furthermore, in order to improve the threshing effect, the threshing plate A and the threshing plate B of the plate-type axial-flow threshing cylinder are both of circular arc structures. When the threshing plate with the circular arc-shaped structure is contacted with corn ears, the corn ears can be fully kneaded, and the kneading force is uniform.

Furthermore, the threshing plate A and the threshing plate B are spirally arranged on the surface of the threshing cylinder of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder. The threshing plate A and the threshing plate B which are spirally arranged can make the material flow state be spiral motion, corn ears contact with the threshing plate to thresh in the spiral motion process, the threshing is flexible, the contact time is long, the corn ear threshing rate and separation rate are high, and the kernel crushing rate is low.

Further, threshing concave includes left concave, right concave, well concave is the semicircle structure, left side concave and right concave are the circular arc structure that the radian is less than 90, left side concave and right concave respectively with the circular arc both ends of well concave are connected. The combined threshing concave plate is convenient to install on one hand, and the threshing concave plate adopts a large wrap angle on the other hand, so that the threshing effect can be improved, and the threshing separation is thorough.

Furthermore, the inner side surfaces of the connecting parts of the left concave plate and the right concave plate with the middle concave plate are smooth arc surfaces. The inner side surface of the connecting part adopts a smooth arc surface design, has no edges and corners, cannot cause impact and scratch on fruit cluster grains, and can reduce the breakage rate of the grains.

Furthermore, the radian of the threshing concave plate is 220-260 degrees. The large wrap angle design can realize thorough threshing and separation and improve the threshing rate of the corn ears.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts an upper feeding structure, corn ears are directly conveyed to the upper part of a feeding auger by an elevator, then the corn ears are quickly conveyed to a threshing area of a plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder in a feeding cylinder by the feeding auger, the feeding structure can not generate extrusion and scratch on the conveying of the corn ears, the conveying position is above the threshing cylinder, and the corn ears can directly and quickly enter the threshing area for threshing; the feeding cylinder is not provided with the straw guide plate, so that the damage to corn kernels in the conveying process can be avoided; the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder is matched with the threshing concave plate for threshing, the threshing concave plate adopts a cylindrical threshing circular pipe, the threshing circular pipe has no edge angle, impact and scratch on corn ears and grains cannot be caused in the threshing process, two threshing plates are arranged on the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder for kneading the corn ears, the kneading force is uniform, and the damage of the grains can be reduced; the threshing concave plate adopts a large wrap angle design, so that threshing and separation are thorough; the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder adopts an inclined arrangement mode, is more favorable for threshing and separating relative to a horizontal threshing cylinder, can ensure that seeds and materials are well separated, and is not easy to generate entrainment. The flexible threshing machine has the advantages of simple structure and reliable performance, realizes quick conveying, flexible conveying and flexible threshing, has high threshing performance and low breakage rate of corn grains, can greatly reduce the breakage rate of the corn grains for directly harvesting the corn grains with high water content, and has the breakage rate of directly harvesting the corn grains with high water content of 3 percent according to practical statistics, which is far lower than the breakage rate of the corn grains of the direct harvesting combined harvester for the corn grains in the prior art. The invention solves the technical problem of high kernel breakage rate under high water content, improves the operation harvesting quality and the production efficiency, and can realize that the corn can be harvested under the condition of high water content of about 40 percent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the elevator portion of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of portion A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a front view of a plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a left side view of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the development of the helical arrangement of threshing plates on a plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder according to the invention;

fig. 7 is a front view of the threshing concave in the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a left side view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the combination of the threshing concave and the plate-type axial-flow threshing cylinder according to the present invention;

in the figure, 1, a header, 2, a support arm, 3, an elevator, 301, an elevator shell, 302, a conveying chain, 303, a chain wheel, 304, a transmission device, 305, an ear scraping plate, 4, a feeding auger, 401, an auger blade, 402, a feeding cone, 5, a feeding cylinder, 6, a plate type axial flow threshing cylinder, 601, a threshing plate A, 602, a threshing plate B, 603, a threshing cylinder, 604, a variable motor, 7, a frame of a harvester, 8, a threshing concave plate, 801, a left concave plate, 802, a middle concave plate, 803, a right concave plate, 804, a fixed plate, 805 and a threshing circular tube.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be further illustrated by way of non-limiting examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

as shown in the attached drawing, the corn kernel combine harvester with high water content comprises a header 1, an elevator 3, a feeding cylinder 5, a plate type axial flow threshing cylinder 6 and a threshing concave plate 8. Header 1 is prior art, can pluck the corn ear, and the header is provided with the screw feeder and can carries away the corn ear of plucking, for example: the publication number is 109392436A, which is named as Chinese patent application of a harvesting platform of a corn harvester. The header 1 is fixed in the one end of support arm 2, the other end of support arm 1 is fixed 7 in the frame of harvester. The support arm 1 is a support formed by welding profile steels. The elevator 3 is a conveying chain structure, a plurality of ear scrapers 305 are connected to the conveying chain 302 of the elevator 3 at intervals, and the ear scrapers 305 are fixed on the conveying chain 302 by bolts. The ear scraper 305 is preferably made of rubber, so as to prevent the corn ears from being damaged in the conveying process. An elevator housing 301 is provided outside the elevator 3, and the elevator 3 is fixed to the arm 2 by the elevator housing 301. The conveying chain 302 of the elevator 3 moves under the driving of the transmission device 304, so that the ear scraping plate can be driven to move, and the corn ears are conveyed. The plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder 6 is obliquely arranged on a frame 7 of the harvester upwards and is positioned at the rear part of the elevator 3. The inclined plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder is beneficial to threshing and separating, seeds and materials can be well separated, entrainment is not easy to generate, and the preferred inclination angle of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder 6 is 6-12 degrees. The plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder 6 comprises a threshing cylinder 603, a feeding screw conveyor 4 coaxially connected to the front end of the threshing cylinder 603, and a plurality of threshing plates A601 and threshing plates B602 fixedly connected to the outer surface of the threshing cylinder 603. The plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder 6 is rotatably arranged on a frame 7 of the harvester through a front bearing seat and a rear bearing seat. The driving device for driving the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder 6 to rotate is a variable displacement motor 604. The rear end of the plate-type axial-flow threshing cylinder 6 is connected with a variable motor 604 through a rotating shaft thereof. The feeding screw 4 comprises a feeding cone 402 and two cylindrical screw blades 401 fixedly connected to the outer surface of the feeding cone 402, and the large opening end of the feeding cone 402 is fixedly connected with the front end of the threshing cylinder 603. The diameter of the auger blade of the feeding auger 4 is the same as that of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder 6, which is beneficial to quickly conveying the material ears to a threshing area for threshing and separating. The outer side end of the threshing plate A601 is provided with a tooth-shaped structure, and the threshing plate B602 is not provided with the tooth-shaped structure. Preferably, the threshing plate a601 and the threshing plate B602 are both circular arc shaped structures. In order to improve the threshing effect, in this embodiment, it is preferable that the threshing plate a601 is arranged spirally on the surface of the threshing cylinder 603 of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder, the threshing plate B602 is also arranged spirally on the surface of the threshing cylinder 603 of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder, and the threshing plate a and the threshing plate B which are arranged spirally can make the material flow state be spiral motion, and the corn ears are contacted with the threshing plate to thresh in the spiral motion process, so that the threshing is soft, the contact time is long, and the corn ear threshing rate and the separation rate are high. The feeding cylinder 5 is arranged outside the feeding auger 4 and is fixedly connected with a frame 7 of the harvester, the feeding cylinder 5 is of a cylinder structure with a smooth inner wall, and a grass guiding plate is not arranged on the inner wall of the feeding cylinder. The feeding cylinder 5 has a gap with the auger blade of the feeding auger 4, preferably 10-25mm, more preferably 15 mm. The front end of the elevator 3 is correspondingly positioned below the middle position of the cutting table 1, the rear end of the elevator 3 is correspondingly positioned above the feeding auger 4, and the upper part of the feeding cylinder 5 is provided with an opening corresponding to the rear end of the elevator 3. Threshing concave 8 is circular arc structure, in this embodiment, threshing concave 8 is formed by three parts connection combination, includes left concave 801, right concave 803, well concave 802 respectively, well concave 802 is the semicircle structure, left side concave 801 and right concave 803 are the circular arc structure that the radian is less than 90, and the radian of preferred left concave 801 and right concave 803 is the same. The left concave plate 801, the right concave plate 803 and the middle concave plate 802 are all composed of a plurality of cylindrical threshing circular pipes 805 arranged in parallel and a plurality of arc-shaped fixing plates 804, the fixing plates 804 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the threshing circular pipes 805, and the threshing circular pipes 805 penetrate through the fixing plates 804 and are fixed. The arc-shaped axial end faces of the left concave plate 801, the right concave plate 803 and the middle concave plate 802 are respectively connected with a connecting plate, and the left concave plate 801 and the right concave plate 803 are respectively detachably connected with the two ends of the arc of the middle concave plate 802 through the connecting plates. In order to prevent corn kernels from being damaged in the threshing process, the inner side surfaces of the connecting parts of the left concave plate 801, the right concave plate 803 and the middle concave plate 802 are smooth circular arc surfaces. The radian of the threshing concave plate 8 is preferably 220-260 degrees, and the threshing concave plate 8 adopts a large wrap angle design, so that complete threshing and separation are facilitated. The threshing concave plate 8 is coaxially arranged at the lower part of the outer side of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder 6 and is fixed on a frame 7 of the harvester, and the arc opening of the threshing concave plate 8 is upward. A threshing gap is arranged between the threshing concave plate 8 and the plate type axial flow threshing cylinder 6.

When the corn ear harvester works, the header auger conveys the picked corn ears to the lower part of the middle position of the header, the elevator 3 receives the conveyed corn ears below the elevator, then the elevator 3 conveys the corn ears to the rear upper part of the auger blades of the feeding auger 4 and conveys the corn ears from the upper part, and the corn ears are quickly conveyed to the threshing area of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder 6 in the feeding cylinder 5 by the feeding auger 4. The corn ears are arranged between the threshing concave plate 8 and the threshing cylinder 603 of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder 6, the corn ears are kneaded by the threshing plate A601 and the threshing plate B602 on the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder 6 in the rotating process of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder 6, and the corn ears are threshed and separated.

The variable motor 604 directly drives the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder to rotate, the rotating speed of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder is 0-500 rpm, stepless speed change can be realized on the speed of the threshing cylinder, the rotating speed of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder can be adjusted and controlled, the optimal threshing rotating speed can be realized, and flexible rotating speed control is realized on threshing under high water content.

Other parts in this embodiment are the prior art, and are not described herein again.

Claims (10)

1. A corn kernel combine harvester with high water content is characterized in that: including header (1), elevator (3), feeding drum (5), board-like axial compressor threshing cylinder (6), threshing concave (8), the one end at support arm (2) is fixed in header (1), the other end of support arm (1) is fixed in the frame of harvester, elevator (3) are for carrying the chain structure, be connected with a plurality of ears of fruit scraper blade (305) on the conveyor chain of elevator (3) at intervals, the outside of elevator (3) is provided with elevator casing (301), elevator (3) pass through elevator casing (301) are fixed on support arm (2), board-like axial compressor threshing cylinder (6) rotationally and slope and upwards set up in the frame of harvester and be located the rear portion of elevator (3), board-like threshing cylinder (6) are including threshing drum (603), coaxial coupling be in threshing drum (4) of (603) front end, The threshing device is characterized in that the threshing cylinder (603) is fixedly connected with a plurality of threshing plates A (601) and threshing plates B (602) on the outer surface, the outer side end of each threshing plate A (601) is provided with a tooth-shaped structure, the feeding cylinder (5) is arranged outside the feeding auger (4) and fixedly connected with the frame of the harvester, the front end of the elevator (3) is correspondingly positioned below the header (1), the rear end of the elevator (3) is correspondingly positioned above the feeding auger (4), the upper part of the feeding cylinder (5) is correspondingly provided with an opening at the rear end of the elevator (3), the threshing concave plate (8) is of an arc-shaped structure, the threshing concave plate (8) is formed by connecting a plurality of cylindrical threshing round pipes (805) which are arranged in parallel through a circular arc-shaped fixing plate, the threshing concave plate (8) is coaxially arranged on the lower part of the outer side of the plate type axial flow roller (6) and is fixed on the frame of the harvester, a threshing gap is arranged between the threshing concave plate (8) and the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder (6), and the arc opening of the threshing concave plate (8) is upward.

2. The corn kernel combine harvester with high water content as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the feeding cylinder (5) is of a cylinder structure with a smooth inner wall.

3. The corn kernel combine harvester with high water content as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the clearance between the feeding cylinder (5) and the auger blade of the feeding auger (4) is 10-25 mm.

4. The corn kernel combine harvester with high water content as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the clearance between the feeding cylinder (5) and the auger blade of the feeding auger (4) is 15 mm.

5. The corn kernel combine harvester with high water content as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inclination angle of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder (6) is 6-12 degrees.

6. The corn kernel combine harvester with high water content as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein: the threshing plate A (601) and the threshing plate B (602) of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder are both arc-shaped structures.

7. The corn kernel combine harvester with high water content as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the threshing plate A (601) and the threshing plate B (602) are spirally arranged on the surface of a threshing cylinder (603) of the plate-type axial flow threshing cylinder.

8. The corn kernel combine harvester with high water content as claimed in claim 6, wherein: threshing concave (8) include left concave (801), right concave (803), well concave (802) are the semicircle structure, left side concave (801) and right concave (803) are less than 90 circular arc structures for the radian, left side concave (801) and right concave (803) respectively with the circular arc both ends of well concave (802) are connected.

9. The corn kernel combine harvester with high water content as set forth in claim 8, wherein: the inner side surfaces of the connecting parts of the left concave plate (801) and the right concave plate (803) and the middle concave plate (802) are smooth arc surfaces.

10. The corn kernel combine harvester with high water content as set forth in claim 8, wherein: the radian of the threshing concave plate (8) is 220-260 degrees.

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