CN111064521B - Multi-dimensional orthogonal coding modulation method based on code division probability shaping - Google Patents
Multi-dimensional orthogonal coding modulation method based on code division probability shaping Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-dimensional orthogonal coding modulation method based on code division probability shaping, which comprises the following steps: carrying out serial-parallel conversion on original one-dimensional binary data, and carrying out multi-dimensional probability coding modulation to obtain a multi-channel symbol string with non-uniform probability distribution; mapping the multi-path symbol strings to constellation points to obtain multi-dimensional symbol strings; modulating the multidimensional symbol string by code division orthogonal coding to orthogonalize the multidimensional symbol string to obtain a multidimensional orthogonal data stream with non-uniform distribution; sequentially carrying out orthogonalization demodulation, constellation demapping and multidimensional probability decoding processing on the multidimensional orthogonal data stream to obtain a plurality of paths of data streams; and converting the multiple data streams in parallel and in series to obtain original one-dimensional binary data. The coding modulation method is simple, and can realize signal transmission with large transmission capacity, low transmitting power and low bit error rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of communication, relates to optical code modulation, and particularly relates to a multi-dimensional orthogonal code modulation method based on code division probability shaping.
Background
From the development process of 2G-3G-4G-5G, each innovation of information technology causes rapid development of social economy, and a series of new industries are derived, and the development of the new industries puts higher requirements on the performance of transmission systems such as information transmission rate, bandwidth and efficiency. In order to improve the transmission performance of the communication system, it is necessary to develop a novel coding signal processing method with low power and low error rate, as well as an optical communication device suitable for higher speed and higher spectral efficiency. From the initial one-dimensional coding modulation formats such as return-to-zero codes and non-return-to-zero codes to the two-dimensional coding modulation such as quadrature amplitude modulation and phase modulation, the increase of the communication data dimension enables the transmission capacity of the optical fiber communication system to be improved in multiples.
With the wide application of the two-dimensional coding modulation technology, in the face of information transmission requirements of future communication on system ultra-large capacity, high speed, high spectral efficiency and the like, numerous researchers further carry out deep research on the multi-dimensional coding modulation technology. Because two-dimensional codes such as orthogonal amplitude codes and the like adopt a pair of orthogonal bases of sine and cosine under the same frequency, but a third orthogonal base does not exist under the same frequency, the third orthogonal base can be orthogonal to the sine and the cosine. Therefore, the biggest challenge of the multi-dimensional coded modulation technique is the selection of three-dimensional and multi-dimensional orthogonal bases. At present, in the aspect of multidimensional orthogonal transmission, researchers show that orthogonal basis combinations under a group of three frequencies can be calculated by using a MinMax algorithm and the like, so that multidimensional information can be transmitted. However, carrier orthogonality of non-identical frequencies may severely increase the error rate of the transmission system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a code division probability shaping-based multi-dimensional orthogonal coding modulation method with low power consumption and low bit error rate.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a multi-dimensional orthogonal coding modulation method based on code division probability shaping comprises the following steps:
step 1), original one-dimensional binary data are converted in a serial-parallel mode to obtain a plurality of paths of data streams; the multi-path data stream is modulated by multi-dimensional probability coding to obtain a multi-path data sequence with non-uniform probability distribution, namely a multi-path symbol string;
step 2), modulating the multi-path symbol strings by multi-dimensional constellation mapping, and mapping the multi-path symbol strings to constellation points to obtain multi-dimensional symbol strings;
step 3), modulating the multidimensional symbol string by code division orthogonal coding to orthogonalize the multidimensional symbol string to obtain a multidimensional orthogonal data stream with non-uniform distribution, wherein the multidimensional orthogonal data stream is transmitted through an optical fiber transmission link after being modulated by waveform and light;
step 4), receiving the multidimensional orthogonal data stream, and sequentially carrying out orthogonal demodulation, constellation demapping and multidimensional probability decoding processing on the multidimensional orthogonal data stream to recover a plurality of paths of data streams; and the recovered multi-path data stream is subjected to parallel-to-serial conversion to obtain original one-dimensional binary data.
Further, in step 3), multi-carrier orthogonal multiplexing processing is also performed on the multidimensional orthogonal data stream.
Further, in step 4), the received multidimensional orthogonal data stream is further subjected to channel blind equalization processing before being subjected to orthogonalization demodulation processing.
Further, in step 1), the multidimensional probability coding modulation includes: determining the modulation order N of the signal carrying the multi-path data stream, re-calibrating the N-level signal, adding a fixed symbol level label {00,01,10,11} for identification after a character string forming the multi-path data stream to obtain a multi-path symbol string, mapping the outer ring point of the N-level signal constellation to the inner ring constellation point, changing the probability distribution of each constellation point of the signal, and reducing the modulation order of the signal.
Further, the step 2) specifically comprises:
step 21), establishing a right cubic square with the adjacent constellation point interval of 2, and establishing an O-XYZ three-dimensional coordinate system by taking the central point of the right cubic square as an origin O, wherein the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis are all vertical to the end surface of the right cubic square; the Euclidean distances from the constellation points at the innermost circle to the origin of the coordinates are equal;
step 22), determining secondary inner circle constellation points and determining secondary inner circle cuboids at the same time by taking the space between every two adjacent constellation points on the upper end face of the upright square as the side length and inclining outwards by 45 degrees to form an equilateral triangle and operating on the lower end face of the upright square according to the same method;
step 23), according to the method of step 22), on the cubic upper and lower end surfaces of the secondary inner circle, taking two pairs of adjacent secondary inner circle constellation points on the same end surface as an equilateral triangle with the side length; repeating the process until a complete constellation of the multipath symbol strings is obtained;
and 24) correspondingly mapping the multi-path symbol strings to the constellation points to obtain the multi-dimensional symbol strings consisting of constellation point coordinates.
Further, the step 3) specifically comprises:
step 31), obtaining a multidimensional orthogonal code matrix H with pairwise orthogonal row matrixes through an orthogonal code generation algorithm;
and step 32), multiplying each dimension data of the multidimensional symbol string with the multidimensional orthogonal code matrix H to obtain the multidimensional orthogonal data stream.
Further, the orthogonal code generation algorithm adopts a hash code algorithm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention develops a new method, provides a multi-dimensional orthogonalization matrix, replaces orthogonal base selection and solves the problem of multi-dimensional information transmission. The invention changes the modulation format of the traditional uniformly distributed signals through the code division probability shaping coding, realizes the non-uniform distribution of the transmission information constellation points, increases the number of constellation points close to the center of the constellation, reduces the number of constellation points of the constellation coding, reduces the energy of the transmitted signals and has strong noise resistance. The code division orthogonal coding modulation is used for realizing the orthogonalization of the multi-dimensional probability coding signals, so that the inter-code anti-interference capability can be further improved, and meanwhile, the error rate is reduced. The coding modulation method is simple, and can finally realize signal transmission with large transmission capacity, low transmitting power and low error rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a multi-dimensional orthogonal code modulation method based on code division probability shaping according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 32QAM signal converted to a 16QAM signal by probability shaping encoding of a fixed symbol level tag;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of three-dimensional probability coding modulation constellation construction;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of modulation and demodulation of multi-dimensional code division orthogonal coding;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a multi-dimensional data stream, wherein FIG. 5(a) is a multi-dimensional data stream at a single frequency and FIG. 5(b) is a multi-dimensional data stream at multiple frequencies;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a simulation system of a multi-dimensional orthogonal code modulation PON based on code division probability shaping;
fig. 7 is a graph of the variation of the bit error rate with the signal-to-noise ratio obtained by simulation.
Detailed Description
The code division probability shaping-based multi-dimensional orthogonal code modulation method of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a multi-dimensional orthogonal code modulation method based on code division probability shaping includes the following steps:
step 1), original one-dimensional binary data are converted in series and parallel to obtain a plurality of paths of data streams. The multi-path data stream is modulated by multi-dimensional probability coding to obtain a multi-path data sequence with non-uniform probability distribution, namely a multi-path symbol string (the sequence is composed of symbol strings).
And 2), modulating the multi-path symbol strings by multi-dimensional constellation mapping, and mapping the multi-path symbol strings to constellation points to obtain multi-dimensional symbol strings (the mapped multi-path symbol strings).
Step 3), code division orthogonal code modulating the multidimensional symbol string obtained in step 2), so that the multidimensional symbol string is orthogonalized to obtain a multidimensional orthogonal data stream with non-uniform distribution, and the multidimensional orthogonal data stream is transmitted through an optical fiber transmission link (corresponding to a channel and an optical amplifier in fig. 1) after being subjected to waveform and optical modulation (modulated by a laser, a waveform generator and an optical modulator to obtain an optical signal).
And step 4), carrying out channel blind equalization, orthogonalization demodulation, constellation demapping and multidimensional probability decoding processing on the multidimensional orthogonal data stream received by the photoelectric detector in sequence, and recovering a plurality of paths of data streams. And the recovered multi-path data stream is subjected to parallel-to-serial conversion to obtain original one-dimensional binary data.
Specifically, in step 1), the multidimensional probability coding modulation is to modulate the multi-path parallel uniformly-distributed binary data after the serial-parallel conversion into a multidimensional data stream with non-uniform probability distribution.
The method comprises the following steps: determining the modulation order N of the signal carrying the multi-path data stream, re-calibrating the N-level signal, adding a fixed symbol level label {00,01,10,11} for identification after a character string forming the multi-path data stream to obtain a multi-path symbol string, mapping a point on the outer ring of a constellation of the N-level signal to a constellation point on the inner ring, identifying through the fixed symbol level label, and reducing the modulation order of the signal through reducing the point on the outer ring of the constellation. The reduction of the modulation order can increase the Euclidean distance between constellation points of the transmission signal under the condition of unchanged transmitting power, thereby reducing the error rate of a transmission system and improving the quality of the transmission signal. In addition, by re-calibrating and adding the symbol level labels, the probability of the constellation points in the inner circle of the constellation can be increased, the probability of the constellation points in the outer circle can be reduced, different outer circle constellation points are mapped into the inner circle, and the probability distribution of each constellation point of the signal is changed, so that the multidimensional signal has different probability distributions.
Taking the example of the conversion of a 32QAM signal to a 16QAM signal, see fig. 2, the box is an N-level signal, the circle is a re-scaled signal (4 bits) + tags (2 bits in italics), and the italics in the string of symbols in the right circle of fig. 2 represent fixed symbol-level tags. In fig. 2, four symbol strings "00000, 00111, 01110, 10011" in 32QAM are mapped to 0000 constellation points of 16QAM, and a symbol level label {00,01,10,11} is added to the 0000 symbol strings for distinguishing and identifying, and the operation methods of the character strings of other data streams are the same. The probability of each constellation point is shown in table 1 by the multidimensional probability shaping in fig. 2.
Table 1 fixed symbol level tag based probability shaped coded 16QAM probability distribution table
| 0000 | 0100 | 0001 | 0010 | 0101 | 0011 | 1000 | 1110 |
| 1/8 | 1/8 | 3/32 | 3/32 | 3/32 | 3/32 | 3/32 | 1/32 |
| 1001 | 1010 | 1101 | 1100 | 0110 | 0111 | 1011 | 1111 |
| 1/32 | 1/32 | 1/32 | 1/32 | 1/32 | 1/32 | 1/32 | 1/32 |
As can be seen from table 1, the probability of the modulated signal is no longer uniformly distributed, the probability of the inner circle point is increased, and the probability of the outer circle point is decreased, and according to the average power calculation formula, the average power calculated is lower than the average power of the uniformly distributed signal, and the modulated signal has low transmission power and better anti-noise performance.
In the step 2), the multi-path symbol strings obtained in the step 1) are mapped into a multi-dimensional constellation diagram one by one. The method comprises the following steps:
step 21), establishing an orthorhombic shape with the adjacent constellation point interval of 2 to obtain the constellation point at the innermost circle, and establishing an O-XYZ three-dimensional coordinate system by taking the central point of the orthorhombic shape as an origin O, wherein the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis are all perpendicular to the end face of the orthorhombic shape. And the Euclidean distances from the constellation points at the innermost circle to the origin of the coordinates are equal.
And step 22), determining the constellation points of the secondary inner circle and determining the cubic shape of the secondary inner circle by taking the space between every two adjacent constellation points on the upper end face of the orthorhombic square as the side length and inclining the equilateral triangle outwards by 45 degrees, and operating the orthorhombic square on the lower end face according to the same method.
Step 23) and according to the method of the step 22), on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the cubic secondary inner circle, taking the distance between every two adjacent secondary inner circle constellation points on the same end surface as the side length to make an equilateral triangle. This process is repeated until a complete constellation of the multipath symbol string is obtained.
And 24) correspondingly mapping the multi-path symbol strings to the constellation points to obtain the multi-dimensional symbol strings consisting of constellation point coordinates.
Taking the 16QAM signal obtained above as an example, referring to fig. 3, first, fig. 3(a) determines the innermost constellation point from the orthorhombic shape. Next, based on FIG. 3(a), an equilateral triangle is formed according to step 22), resulting in FIG. 3 (b). Due to the simulation of 16QAM, the constellation shown in fig. 3(c) is finally obtained.
In step 3), the multidimensional symbol strings obtained in step 2) are modulated to different orthogonal dimensions for transmission. The method comprises the following steps:
and 31) obtaining a multidimensional orthogonal code matrix H with pairwise orthogonal row matrixes through an orthogonal code generation algorithm. In this embodiment, the orthogonal code generation algorithm adopts a hash code algorithm.
Step 32), multiplying each dimension data of the multidimensional symbol string with the multidimensional orthogonal code matrix H to obtain multidimensional orthogonal data stream, so that the transmission data in different dimensions are orthogonal to each other, as shown in the left half part of fig. 4. In fig. 4, the orthogonal code 1, the orthogonal code 2, … …, and the orthogonal code m are row vectors of the multidimensional orthogonal code matrix H, s1 represents the first route of sender information (which can be understood as an argument in a function), s2 represents the second route of sender information, and so on in … …. r1 indicates the receiver first receives data, r2 indicates the receiver first receives data, … … and so on.
In addition, in step 3), multi-carrier orthogonal multiplexing processing may be performed on the multidimensional orthogonal data stream, which may greatly improve transmission capacity, reduce transmission error rate, and obtain better transmission performance, as shown in the schematic diagram of multidimensional data stream under single frequency and multiple frequencies shown in fig. 5.
In the step 4), the blind equalization processing of the channel can compensate the intersymbol interference, reduce the error rate, improve the quality of the received signal and ensure the accuracy and reliability of the signal.
And (3) performing orthogonalization demodulation processing, namely performing orthogonal decoding on the multidimensional orthogonal data stream, referring to the right half part of fig. 4, multiplying the equalized and de-dried multidimensional orthogonal data stream by a multidimensional orthogonal code matrix H, and recovering a multidimensional symbol string.
And (3) constellation demapping processing, namely calling the constellation diagram finally obtained in the step 23), and demapping the recovered multidimensional symbol strings one by one according to the coordinate position of each constellation point to recover the multipath symbol strings.
And (3) multi-dimensional probability decoding processing, namely decoding the recovered multi-path symbol strings one by one according to the specific coding rule in the step 1), and performing parallel-to-serial conversion to obtain original one-dimensional binary data.
The effect of the multi-dimensional orthogonal code modulation method based on code division probability shaping of the present invention is explained by simulation experiments.
Fig. 6 is a system diagram for analog simulation according to the present invention, in which at the transmitting end, the code division probability shaping modulation is performed on the original binary data to obtain the transmitting end data with the multidimensional non-uniform distribution and low transmitting power. And sending the data of the sending end after Digital Signal Processing (DSP) to an optical modulator by using a waveform generator, and modulating the data of the sending end to an optical fiber transmission link by the optical modulator. And a photoelectric detector is used at a receiving end for receiving and converting the signal into an electric signal, and the electric signal is received by a real-time digital oscilloscope and is subjected to DSP processing. The received optical power is adjusted and the data error rate of the transmission system is measured using an adjustable optical attenuator.
The inventor utilizes MATLAB simulation software to carry out experimental simulation on 32QAM and three-dimensional code division probability shaping signals which are uniformly distributed in two dimensions and three dimensions. In the simulation process, a gaussian white noise channel is used to obtain a graph of the variation of the bit error rate with the signal-to-noise ratio, as shown in fig. 7, in which the abscissa represents the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the ordinate represents the Bit Error Rate (BER). It is obvious that the three-dimensional code division probability shaping proposed in the present embodiment is superior to conventional uniformly distributed signal transmission. Therefore, the three-dimensional code division probability shaping multi-dimensional orthogonal coding modulation technology can reduce the error rate of a transmission system and improve the transmission performance of the system.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, both the multi-carrier orthogonal multiplexing process and the channel blind equalization process are the prior art.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any alternative or alternative method that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A multi-dimensional orthogonal coding modulation method based on code division probability shaping is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), original one-dimensional binary data are converted in a serial-parallel mode to obtain a plurality of paths of data streams; the multi-path data stream is modulated by multi-dimensional probability coding to obtain a multi-path data sequence with non-uniform probability distribution, namely a multi-path symbol string;
step 2), modulating the multi-path symbol strings by multi-dimensional constellation mapping, and mapping the multi-path symbol strings to constellation points to obtain multi-dimensional symbol strings;
step 3), modulating the multidimensional symbol string by code division orthogonal coding to orthogonalize the multidimensional symbol string to obtain a multidimensional orthogonal data stream with non-uniform distribution, wherein the multidimensional orthogonal data stream is transmitted through an optical fiber transmission link after being modulated by waveform and light;
step 4), receiving the multidimensional orthogonal data stream, and sequentially carrying out orthogonal demodulation, constellation demapping and multidimensional probability decoding processing on the multidimensional orthogonal data stream to recover a plurality of paths of data streams; the recovered multi-channel data stream is converted in parallel and in series to obtain original one-dimensional binary data;
in step 1), the multidimensional probability coding modulation comprises: determining the modulation order N of a signal carrying a plurality of paths of data streams, re-calibrating the N-level signal, adding a fixed symbol level label {00,01,10,11} for identification after a character string forming the plurality of paths of data streams to obtain a plurality of paths of symbol strings, mapping the outer ring point of a N-level signal constellation to the inner ring constellation point, changing the probability distribution of each constellation point of the signal, and reducing the modulation order of the signal;
the step 2) specifically comprises the following steps:
step 21), establishing a right cubic square with the adjacent constellation point interval of 2, and establishing an O-XYZ three-dimensional coordinate system by taking the central point of the right cubic square as an origin O, wherein the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis are all vertical to the end surface of the right cubic square; the Euclidean distances from the constellation points at the innermost circle to the origin of the coordinates are equal;
step 22), determining secondary inner circle constellation points and determining secondary inner circle cuboids at the same time by taking the space between every two adjacent constellation points on the upper end face of the upright square as the side length and inclining outwards by 45 degrees to form an equilateral triangle and operating on the lower end face of the upright square according to the same method;
step 23), according to the method of step 22), on the cubic upper and lower end surfaces of the secondary inner circle, taking two pairs of adjacent secondary inner circle constellation points on the same end surface as an equilateral triangle with the side length; repeating the process until a complete constellation of the multipath symbol strings is obtained;
step 24), mapping the multi-path symbol strings to constellation points correspondingly to obtain multi-dimensional symbol strings consisting of constellation point coordinates;
the step 3) specifically comprises the following steps:
step 31), obtaining a multidimensional orthogonal code matrix H with pairwise orthogonal row matrixes through an orthogonal code generation algorithm; the orthogonal code generation algorithm adopts a Hash code algorithm;
and step 32), multiplying each dimension data of the multidimensional symbol string with the multidimensional orthogonal code matrix H to obtain the multidimensional orthogonal data stream.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3), the multi-dimensional orthogonal data stream is further processed by multi-carrier orthogonal multiplexing.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4), the received multidimensional orthogonal data stream is further processed by blind equalization before being processed by orthogonal demodulation.
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