CN111064387B - Adaptive energy harvester - Google Patents
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- CN111064387B CN111064387B CN202010009311.XA CN202010009311A CN111064387B CN 111064387 B CN111064387 B CN 111064387B CN 202010009311 A CN202010009311 A CN 202010009311A CN 111064387 B CN111064387 B CN 111064387B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/181—Circuits; Control arrangements or methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
An adaptive energy harvester is disclosed. The adaptive energy harvester includes: a piezoelectric layer, a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of second electrodes, and a control device; the piezoelectric layer includes opposing first and second sides; the first electrode is connected with the first side, and the second electrode is connected with the second side; the control device is connected with the first electrodes and the second electrodes and used for controlling the number of the first electrodes communicated with the corresponding second electrodes so as to enable the communicated first electrodes and the communicated second electrodes to be in short circuit. So, the quantity that first electrode and second electrode correspond the intercommunication changes for electric current and voltage through first electrode and second electrode output can be adjusted, thereby can be applicable to different power consumption demands.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of energy collectors, and more particularly, to an adaptive energy collector.
Background
The energy collector can convert mechanical energy into electric energy by utilizing the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material, the electric energy is led out by the electrode plates covering the two sides of the piezoelectric material, and the electric energy is stored by a capacitor or a rechargeable battery and is supplied to other equipment for use. When the energy collector adopts a large-area electrode to cover the piezoelectric material, the energy collector outputs large current and small voltage, the highest voltage which can be reached by the energy storage device is lower, and the stored energy is smaller; when the piezoelectric material is covered by the small-area electrode, the energy collector has large output voltage, small output current and low charging efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
An adaptive energy harvester is provided.
The adaptive energy harvester of the embodiment of the application comprises: a piezoelectric layer, a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of second electrodes, and a control device; the piezoelectric layer includes opposing first and second sides; the first electrode is connected with the first side, and the second electrode is connected with the second side; the control device is connected with the first electrodes and the second electrodes and used for controlling the number of the first electrodes communicated with the corresponding second electrodes so as to enable the communicated first electrodes and the communicated second electrodes to be in short circuit.
Thus, in the adaptive energy collector, the number of the communicated first electrodes and the corresponding second electrodes is changed, so that the current and the voltage output by the first electrodes and the second electrodes can be adjusted, and the adaptive energy collector can be suitable for different power requirements.
In certain embodiments, the first electrode comprises a first electrode pad attached to the first side and a first lead connecting the first electrode pad, the first lead connecting the control device; the second electrode comprises a second electrode sheet and a second lead connected with the second electrode sheet, the second electrode sheet is attached to the second side, the second lead is connected with the control device, and the control device is used for controlling the number of the first leads communicated with the corresponding second leads.
In certain embodiments, the control device comprises: a conductive member and a driving assembly. The driving assembly is used for driving the conductive pieces to move so that the conductive pieces are connected with the corresponding first electrodes and the corresponding second electrodes, and therefore the communication quantity of the first electrodes and the corresponding second electrodes is controlled.
In some embodiments, the drive assembly comprises: the device comprises a driving part and a movable part connected with the driving part. The movable part is connected with the conductive part, and the driving part is used for driving the movable part to move so as to drive the conductive part to move.
In some embodiments, the drive portion drives the movable portion in motion by way of electrical actuation.
In certain embodiments, the control device comprises: a first output section and a second output section. The first output part and the second output part are arranged at intervals; the first output part is connected with the first electrode, the second output part is connected with the second electrode, and the conductive piece is in insulated connection with the first output part and the second output part.
In some embodiments, the control device includes an insulating part fixed to the conductive member, and the first output part and the second output part are fixed to the insulating part.
In some embodiments, the adaptive energy harvester includes a substrate, and the piezoelectric layer and the control device are both disposed on the same side of the substrate.
In some embodiments, the base plate includes opposing fixed and free ends, the free end being provided with a weight.
Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present application.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an adaptive energy harvester according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of an adaptive energy harvester according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a first electrode of an adaptive energy collector according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of a second electrode of an adaptive energy collector according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a control device of an adaptive energy harvester according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a control device of an adaptive energy harvester according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of an operating state of an adaptive energy harvester according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of another state of operation of an adaptive energy harvester according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of an adaptive energy harvester of an embodiment of the present application mounted to a vibration source.
Description of the main element symbols:
an adaptive energy harvester 100;
the piezoelectric layer 11, the first side 111, the second side 112, the notch 113, the first electrode 12, the first bottom electrode sheet 121, the first lead 122, the second electrode 13, the second electrode sheet 131, the second lead 132, the control device 14, the conductive member 141, the driving assembly 142, the driving portion 1421, the movable portion 1422, the first output portion 143, the second output portion 144, the insulating portion 145, the substrate 15, the fixed end 151, the free end 152, and the weight block 16.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present application, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative and are only for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner, and are not to be construed as limiting the present application. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise direct contact of the first and second features, or may comprise contact of the first and second features not directly but through another feature in between. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different features of the application. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present application, specific example components and arrangements are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present application. Moreover, the present application may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples, such repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. In addition, examples of various specific processes and materials are provided herein, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize applications of other processes and/or use of other materials.
Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an adaptive energy harvester 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a piezoelectric layer 11, a plurality of first electrodes 12, a plurality of second electrodes 13, and a control device 14. The piezoelectric layer 11 includes opposing first and second sides 111 and 112. The first electrode 12 is connected to the first side 111. The second electrode 13 is connected to the second side 112. The control device 14 connects the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13. The control device 14 is used for controlling the amount of the first electrode 12 communicated with the corresponding second electrode 13 so as to short-circuit the communicated first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13.
In this way, in the adaptive energy collector 100 according to the embodiment of the present application, the number of the first electrodes 12 and the second electrodes 13 that are correspondingly connected is changed, so that the current and the voltage output through the first electrodes 12 and the second electrodes 13 can be adjusted, and thus the adaptive energy collector can be suitable for different power requirements.
It should be noted that the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 are communicated with each other: the first electrode 12 and the corresponding second electrode 13 are shorted, so that the shorted first electrode 12 and second electrode 13 do not function to collect and conduct electric energy on the surface of the piezoelectric layer 11. Therefore, no voltage is output between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 that are connected.
The larger the number of the first electrodes 12 and the second electrodes 13 connected, the smaller the number of the first electrodes 12 and the second electrodes 13 participating in the output. The smaller the coverage area of the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 participating in the output on the piezoelectric layer 11, the smaller the internal capacitance formed by the first electrode 12, the second electrode 13 and the piezoelectric layer 11, and the larger output voltage can be obtained, but the smaller the output current is.
The smaller the number of the first electrodes 12 and the second electrodes 13 connected, the larger the coverage area of the first electrodes 12 and the second electrodes 13 on the piezoelectric layer 11, which are involved in the output, the larger the internal capacitance formed by the first electrodes 12, the second electrodes 13 and the piezoelectric layer 11, the larger the output current, but the lower the output voltage.
Specifically, the piezoelectric layer 11 may be made of a piezoelectric material, which is piezoelectric crystal, piezoelectric ceramic, or piezoelectric polymer, and in the embodiment of the present application, the piezoelectric layer 11 may be made of piezoelectric ceramic. The piezoelectric ceramic has high piezoelectricity and high dielectric constant, and can be processed into any shape as required.
The shape of the piezoelectric layer 11 may be triangular, rectangular or other shape. In the present embodiment, the shape of the piezoelectric layer 11 is approximately rectangular. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the piezoelectric layer 11 is formed with a cut 113, and the first electrode 12 attached to the first side 111 is exposed through the cut 113, so that the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric layer 11 can be easily led out.
The number of the first electrodes 12 may be two, or may be other plural numbers. In the present embodiment, the number of the first electrodes 12 is three.
The number of the second electrodes 13 and the number of the first electrodes 12 are correspondingly arranged, i.e. the number of the second electrodes 13 and the number of the second electrodes 13 are equal.
Specifically, the first electrode 12 abuts a first side 111 of the piezoelectric layer 11 and the second electrode 13 abuts a second side 112 of the piezoelectric layer 11.
In the above discussion, the terms "first", "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features referred to. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features.
Referring to fig. 2-4, in some embodiments, the first electrode 12 includes a first electrode tab 121 and a first lead 122 connecting the first electrode tab 121, the first electrode tab 121 being attached to the first side 111. The first lead 122 is connected to the control device 14. The second electrode 13 includes a second electrode tab 131 and a second lead 132 connecting the second electrode tab 131. The second electrode sheet 131 is attached to the second side 112, and the second lead 132 is connected to the control device 14. The control device 14 is used to control the amount of communication between the first leads 122 and the corresponding second leads 132.
In this manner, the first and second electrode pads 121 and 131 can collect electric energy from the surface of the piezoelectric layer 11, and the first and second leads 122 and 132 lead out the electric energy in the first and second electrode pads 121 and 131. The control device 14 can control the on/off amount of the first lead 122 and the second lead 132 to control the different voltages and currents output by the first lead 122 and the second lead 132.
Specifically, the control device 14 changes the number of the first lead 122 and the second lead 132 connected to the output circuit by controlling the number of the first lead 122 and the second lead 132 connected to be present in a pair, thereby adjusting the output current and the voltage of the piezoelectric layer 11.
The first electrode pad 121 may be made of gold, copper, or other metals. For example, in the present embodiment, the first electrode sheet 121 is made of gold. Gold is good in conductivity and ductility, the first electrode sheet 121 can be tightly attached to the piezoelectric layer 11, and when the piezoelectric layer 11 deforms under stress, the first electrode sheet 121 made of gold can deform along with the bending deformation of the piezoelectric layer 11, so that the state of tightly attaching to the piezoelectric layer 11 is maintained, and the output efficiency of the first electrode 12 is ensured.
The shape of the first electrode sheet 121 may be rectangular, circular, or other shapes. In the present embodiment, the first electrode sheet 121 has a rectangular shape. The number of the first electrode pads 121 is plural, and the plurality of first electrode pads 121 having a rectangular shape are conveniently arranged on the piezoelectric layer 11.
Specifically, the first electrode tab 121 and the first lead 122 may be integrally formed. For example, in the present embodiment, a gold sheet is obtained by spreading, and the sheet is cut into an integrated rectangular first electrode sheet 121 and a linear first lead 122 using a cutting device. Therefore, the manufacturing process of the first electrode 12 is simple, the first electrode sheet 121 and the first lead 122 do not need to be manufactured respectively, the process of connecting the first electrode sheet 121 and the first lead 122 is reduced, the structure is simple, the operation is convenient, and the cost is saved. The first lead 122 can also be tightly attached to the piezoelectric layer 11, and the first lead 122 can collect the electric energy of the piezoelectric layer 11 while conducting, so as to improve the output of the piezoelectric layer 11.
The second electrode pads 131 are arranged on the second side 112 and the first side 111 of the piezoelectric layer 11, respectively, symmetrically to the first electrode pads 121.
The second lead 132 and the first lead 122 are symmetrically arranged on the second side 112 and the first side 111 of the piezoelectric layer 11, respectively.
The number and material of the second electrode sheets 131 may be the same as those of the first electrode sheets 121.
The number and material of the second leads 132 may be the same as those of the first leads 122.
Further, conductive glue may be used to fix the first electrode 12 to the first side 111 and the second electrode 13 to the second side 112. The conductive paste has adhesiveness and conductivity, and can firmly adhere the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 to the piezoelectric layer 11.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, control device 14 includes a conductive member 141 and a driving assembly 142. The driving assembly 142 is configured to drive the conductive members 141 to move, so that the conductive members 141 connect the corresponding first electrodes 12 and the second electrodes 13, thereby controlling the amount of the first electrodes 12 communicating with the corresponding second electrodes 13.
In this way, the driving assembly 142 controls the conductive member 141 to communicate the first electrode 12 with the second electrode 13, even though the first lead 122 communicates with the second lead 132, so as to short-circuit the communicated first electrode 12 with the second electrode 13. The first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 after short circuit do not act on the surface of the piezoelectric layer 11, so that the output current and voltage of the piezoelectric layer 11 can be controlled to adapt to different power consumption requirements.
It will be appreciated that shorting the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 here essentially changes the area of the active electrode covering the surface of the piezoelectric layer 11. The number of the first electrodes 12 and the second electrodes 13 which are short-circuited is increased, and the number of the first electrodes 12 and the second electrodes 13 which participate in the output of the piezoelectric layer 11 is decreased, that is, the area of the piezoelectric layer 11 which participates in the output is decreased, so that the output voltage of the piezoelectric layer 11 is increased, and the current is decreased. Conversely, the number of the first electrodes 12 and the second electrodes 13 that are short-circuited decreases, the output voltage of the piezoelectric layer 11 decreases, and the current increases.
Specifically, the conductive member 141 may be made of a conductive material such as iron, copper, or other metals and alloys. For example, beryllium bronze can be used in the embodiment of the present invention, and is high in strength and hardness, high in conductivity, less prone to wear, and suitable for use as a mobile connector.
The shape of the conductive member 141 may be a rectangular parallelepiped, a sphere, or other geometric body. Referring to fig. 5, in the embodiment of the present application, the conductor 141 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The plane of the rectangular parallelepiped is in good contact with the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13, and the conductive member 141 can be more firmly fixed to the driving assembly 142.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the driving assembly 142 includes a driving portion 1421 and a movable portion 1422 connected to the driving portion 1421. The movable portion 1422 is connected to the conductive member 141, and the driving portion 1421 is used for driving the movable portion 1422 to move so as to drive the conductive member 141 to move.
In this way, the driving part 1421 and the movable part 1422 control the movement of the conductive member 141, so as to control the amount of the conductive member 141 communicating the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13, and further control the current and the voltage output by the piezoelectric layer 11.
Specifically, the driving part 1421 may be made of an insulating material. The movable portion 1422 may be fixed to the driving portions 1421 and 1421 by using a common adhesive. The conductive member 141 may be fixed to the movable portion 1422 by an insulating adhesive.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the driving portion 1421 drives the movable portion 1422 to move by electric actuation. The electrical actuation is simple and only requires control of current or voltage to control the movement of the movable portion 1422.
In particular, the active portion 1422 may be a piezoelectric material. A voltage is applied to the movable portion 1422 by the inverse piezoelectric effect, so that the movable portion 1422 is deformed. The deformation causes the movable portion 1422 to extend or shorten, so as to drive the conductive member 141 to move, and change the number of the corresponding connections between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13, thereby achieving the effect of controlling the output current and voltage of the piezoelectric layer 11.
Further, the voltage applied to the movable part 1422 may be provided by the driving part 1421. The driving part 1421 is connected with a voltage by external control, applies the voltage to the movable part 1422, and controls the amount of deformation of the movable part 1422 by controlling the magnitude of the voltage, thereby controlling the amount of movement of the conductive member 141.
Of course, in other embodiments, the driving part 1421 may drive the movable part 1422 to move through a screw transmission, a gear transmission, or the like.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the control device 14 includes a first output 143 and a second output 144. The first output portion 143 is spaced apart from the second output portion 144. The first output part 143 is connected to the first electrode 12, the second output part 144 is connected to the second electrode 13, and the conductive member 141 is insulated from the first output part 143 and the second output part 144.
In this way, the first output unit 143 and the second output unit 144 lead out the electric energy collected by the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 to the electric device.
Specifically, the first output portion 143 and the second output portion 144 may be made of beryllium bronze, which has high strength and hardness, is not easily abraded, has high electrical conductivity, and is suitable for use as a moving connector.
The first output portion 143 and the second output portion 144 can be regarded as the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the adaptive energy collector 100, and the output electrical signals are ac signals, which are converted into dc signals by the bridge rectifier circuit and then connected to the electrical equipment, which may be a capacitor, a storage battery, or other electrical components.
In the embodiment of the present application, a capacitor may be selected as the electric device. The first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 derive the alternating current generated by the piezoelectric layer 11, and the alternating current is transmitted to the bridge rectifier circuit through the first output portion 143 and the second output portion 144, converted into direct current, and then input into the capacitor.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, 4 and 6, the first output part 143 and the second output part 144 may have rectangular parallelepiped shapes, and the length a of the first output part 143 and the length b of the second output part 144 may be equal. At the position connected to the first and second output parts 143 and 144, the maximum distance between two random first leads 122 is c, and the maximum distance between two random second leads 132 is d, because the first and second electrodes 12 and 13 are symmetrically arranged, it can be understood that c is equal to d. The length a should be greater than or equal to the distance c, and the length b should be greater than or equal to the distance d, so that the first output part 143 and the second output part 144 can be connected to all the first electrodes 12 and the second electrodes 13, respectively, simultaneously.
The first output 143 may be connected to any number of first electrodes 12 at the same time. For example, the first output 143 may be connected to 3 first electrodes 12,. The second output portion 144 may be simultaneously connected to any number of second electrodes 13. For example, the second output part 144 may be connected to 3 second electrodes 13. The first output unit 143 and the second output unit 144 are connected to the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 which are present in a pair at the same time, or the number of the first electrodes 12 connected to the first output unit 143 is equal to the number of the second electrodes 13 connected to the second output unit 144. The directions in which the driving assembly 142 drives the conductive member 141 and the first and second output parts 143 and 144 to move are shown as direction I and direction H in fig. 7.
When the driving assembly 142 drives the conductive member 141 and the first and second output parts 143 and 144 to move in the direction I, the first and second output parts 143 and 144 simultaneously connect or disconnect the first and second electrodes 12 and 13 existing in pairs. The first electrode 12 connected by the first output section 143 and the second electrode 13 connected by the second output section 144 participate in the output of the piezoelectric layer 11. The first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 disconnected from each other do not participate in output and are short-circuited by the conductive member 141, so that the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 not participating in output are prevented from generating an inverse piezoelectric effect, and the output of the piezoelectric layer 11 is reduced.
It can be understood that when the driving component 142 drives the conductive element 141 and the first and second output parts 143 and 144 to move along the direction I, the output voltage of the adaptive energy collector 100 increases and the output current decreases.
When the driving assembly 142 drives the conductive member 141 and the first and second output parts 143 and 144 to move along the H direction, the output voltage of the adaptive energy collector 100 decreases, and the output current becomes large.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, control device 14 includes an insulating portion 145 fixed to conductive member 141, and first output portion 143 and second output portion 144 are fixed to insulating portion 145. The insulating part 145 may insulate the conductive member 141 and the first output part 143, and the conductive member 141 and the second output part 144, so that the conductive member 141 and the first and second output parts 143 and 144 do not interfere with each other in operation.
Specifically, the insulating part 145 may be a rectangular parallelepiped thin plate made of an insulating material. The conductive member 141 and the first and second output parts 143 and 144 are disposed on opposite sides of the thin plate.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, fig. 7 and 8 illustrate two states of operation of the adaptive energy harvesting 100. In fig. 7, all the first electrodes 12 are connected to the first output portion 143, and all the second electrodes 13 are connected to the second output portion 144; neither the first output portion 143 nor the second output portion 144 in fig. 8 connects the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13.
In the above embodiments, a capacitor may be selected as the electric device. For example, when the adaptive energy harvester 100 starts to charge a capacitor without electricity, the voltage of the capacitor is low or zero, and the capacitor is charged most efficiently by using a low voltage and a high current. As shown in fig. 7, the first output section 143 is connected to all the first electrodes 12, the second output section 144 is connected to all the second electrodes 13, and the output voltage and the current of the piezoelectric layer 11 at this time are the lowest and the highest.
After the electric capacity is charged, self voltage rises gradually, and when electric capacity self voltage is greater than the voltage that piezoelectric layer 11 exported, piezoelectric layer 11 will not charge the electric capacity, has reduced the capacity of electric capacity. Therefore, the control device 14 can control the number of the first electrodes 12 and the second electrodes 13 correspondingly communicated, and change the voltage output by the piezoelectric layer 11, so that the piezoelectric layer 11 can continue to charge the capacitor. Until the voltage of the capacitor continues to increase, the output voltage of the piezoelectric layer 11 cannot increase, and the control device 14 stays in the state in fig. 8.
Further, the voltage of the capacitor may be conducted to the driving part 1421 of the control device 14, and the driving part 1421 applies the voltage of the capacitor to the movable part 1422 to adjust the expansion and contraction of the movable part 1422. When charging is started, the voltage of the capacitor itself is small, the elongation of the movable part 1422 is small, the number of the first electrodes 12 and the second electrodes 13 which are communicated with each other is small, the output voltage of the piezoelectric layer 11 is low, the output current is large, and the capacitor can be charged quickly. After the capacitor is charged with a certain amount of electricity, the voltage of the capacitor itself becomes large, so that the elongation of the movable part 1422 becomes large, the number of the first electrodes 12 and the second electrodes 13 which are communicated with each other is increased, the output voltage of the piezoelectric layer 11 is high, the output current is small, the increased voltage can continuously charge the capacitor, and the capacitance of the capacitor is enlarged.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some embodiments, the adaptive energy harvester 100 includes a substrate 15, and the piezoelectric layer 11 and the control device 14 are disposed on the same surface of the substrate 15. The substrate 15 can be elastically deformed by external vibration to transmit the elastic deformation to the piezoelectric layer 11. The piezoelectric layer 11 and the control device 14 are arranged on the same plane, so that the adaptive energy collector 100 is compact in structure and occupies less space.
Specifically, the substrate 15 may be made of metal. Further, it may be made of stainless steel. Stainless steel has high strength and elasticity, can bear the weight of the piezoelectric layer 11 and the control device 14, and can well collect vibration in the external environment.
The piezoelectric layer 11 and the substrate 15 can be bonded by using an insulating adhesive, and the piezoelectric layer 11 is fixed on the substrate 15, so that the piezoelectric layer 11 can deform along with the deformation of the substrate 15.
It will be appreciated that the first electrode 12, which is attached to the first side 111, is arranged between the piezoelectric layer 11 and the substrate 15. The first electrode 12 communicates with the piezoelectric layer 11, and the first electrode 12 is insulated from the substrate 15.
Specifically, the control device 14 may be disposed on the substrate 15 through the driving part 1421, and the driving part 1421 may be fixed on the substrate 15 using an insulating paste.
Referring to fig. 9, in some embodiments, the substrate 15 includes a fixed end 151 and a free end 152 opposite to each other, and the weight 16 is disposed at the free end 152. The weight 16 can convert a part of the kinetic energy into the elastic potential energy of the substrate 15, and increase the deformation of the substrate 15, thereby increasing the deformation of the piezoelectric layer 11 and improving the output of the piezoelectric layer 11.
In one embodiment of the present application, the adaptive energy harvester 100 operates as follows:
the external vibration is transmitted to the adaptive energy collector 100, and the substrate 15 drives the counterweight block 16 to vibrate. The piezoelectric layer 11 is attached to the substrate 15, and deforms along with the deformation of the substrate 15, and the deformation of the piezoelectric layer 11 generates electric energy, which is collected by the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 and output along the first output portion 143 and the second output portion 144.
When the electric device needs to output a higher voltage from the piezoelectric layer 11, a voltage is provided to the driving part 1421, the driving part 1421 applies the voltage to the movable part 1422, the movable part 1422 generates an inverse piezoelectric effect, and a deformation amount is obtained, so that the movable part 1422 extends to push the conductive member 141 and the first and second output parts 143 and 144 to move along the direction I. The first and second output parts 143 and 144 reduce the number of the first and second electrodes 12 and 13 connected correspondingly. The conductor 141 shorts all the first and second electrodes 12 and 13 disconnected from the first and second output parts 143 and 144. Thus, the coverage area of the output electrode of the piezoelectric layer 11 is reduced, and a larger output voltage can be obtained.
Conversely, when the electrical device requires the piezoelectric layer 11 to provide a greater output current, the voltage applied to the driving portion 1421 is reduced or removed, causing the amount of deformation of the movable portion 1422 to decrease. The conductive member 141, the first output part 143, and the second output part 144 move in the H direction opposite to the I direction. The conductive member 141 reduces the number of the first and second electrodes 12 and 13 that are shorted, and the number of the first and second electrodes 12 and 13 that are connected to the first and second output parts 143 and 144 correspondingly increases. Thus, the coverage area of the output electrode of the piezoelectric layer 11 is increased, and a larger output current can be obtained.
The adaptive energy collector 100 of the embodiment of the application can be arranged in an environment with more vibration energy, such as a road, a bridge or a construction site, and the collected electric energy can be used for light power utilization or other equipment with smaller power consumption.
In the description herein, references to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "certain embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. An adaptive energy harvester, comprising:
a piezoelectric layer comprising opposing first and second sides;
a plurality of first electrodes connected to the first side;
a plurality of second electrodes disposed corresponding to the plurality of first electrodes, the plurality of second electrodes being connected to the second side; and
the control device is used for controlling the number of the first electrodes communicated with the corresponding second electrodes so as to enable the communicated first electrodes and the communicated second electrodes to be short-circuited.
2. The adaptive energy collector of claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises a first electrode pad attached to the first side and a first lead connecting the first electrode pad, the first lead connecting the control device;
the second electrode comprises a second electrode sheet and a second lead connected with the second electrode sheet, the second electrode sheet is attached to the second side, the second lead is connected with the control device, and the control device is used for controlling the number of the first leads communicated with the corresponding second leads.
3. The adaptive energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the control device comprises:
a conductive member; and
the driving assembly is used for driving the conductive pieces to move so that the conductive pieces are connected with the corresponding first electrodes and the corresponding second electrodes, and therefore the communication quantity of the first electrodes and the corresponding second electrodes is controlled.
4. The adaptive energy harvester of claim 3, wherein the drive assembly comprises:
a drive section; and
the driving part is used for driving the movable part to move so as to drive the conductive piece to move.
5. The adaptive energy harvester of claim 4, wherein the drive portion drives the movable portion in motion by way of electrical actuation.
6. The adaptive energy harvester of claim 3, wherein the control device comprises:
a first output section connected to the first electrode;
and the second output part is arranged at an interval with the first output part, the second output part is connected with the second electrode, and the conductive piece is in insulated connection with the first output part and the second output part.
7. The adaptive energy harvester of claim 6, wherein the control device comprises an insulating portion secured to the conductive member, the first output portion and the second output portion being secured to the insulating portion.
8. The adaptive energy harvester of any of claims 1-7, wherein the adaptive energy harvester comprises a substrate, and wherein the piezoelectric layer and the control device are both disposed on the same side of the substrate.
9. The adaptive energy harvester of claim 8, wherein the base plate includes opposing fixed and free ends, the free end being provided with a weight.
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| US11744156B2 (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2023-08-29 | Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd. | Multilayer piezoelectric element, piezoelectric vibration apparatus, and electronic device |
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