CN111064338A - Permanent magnet switched reluctance motor with special-shaped pole shoe iron core - Google Patents

Permanent magnet switched reluctance motor with special-shaped pole shoe iron core Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111064338A
CN111064338A CN202010019280.6A CN202010019280A CN111064338A CN 111064338 A CN111064338 A CN 111064338A CN 202010019280 A CN202010019280 A CN 202010019280A CN 111064338 A CN111064338 A CN 111064338A
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China
Prior art keywords
shaped
arc
excitation
pole
pole shoe
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CN202010019280.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN111064338B (en
Inventor
朱石柱
司雷明
武金宏
戴珊珊
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Nanjing Yiti Technology Co ltd
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Nanjing Yiti Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010019280.6A priority Critical patent/CN111064338B/en
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/070615 priority patent/WO2021139715A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/06—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Abstract

The invention relates to a permanent magnet switched reluctance motor with a special-shaped pole shoe iron core, which is characterized in that an excitation salient pole pair on a stator consists of the special-shaped pole shoe iron core and an excitation coil, wherein two salient pole arc-shaped pole shoes of the special-shaped pole shoe iron core are respectively composed of a pole shoe wide part and a pole shoe narrow part, the pole shoe narrow parts of two adjacent excitation salient poles of a stator seat to the special-shaped pole shoe iron core are arranged in a mutually staggered mode, and a gap is reserved between the pole shoe narrow parts of the two adjacent excitation salient poles to the. The invention can increase the inductance in the excitation coil when the excitation current is switched on in a reversing way, reduce the current impact in the reversing way, avoid the demagnetization of the permanent magnet and simultaneously improve the torque output in the current reversing way. The permanent magnets on the rotor can smoothly pass through the staggered overlapping area of the narrow parts of the pole shoes, so that the torque fluctuation of the motor is reduced. Through the optimization design of motor parameters, the higher torque output can be obtained by using less expensive permanent magnet materials, so that the utilization rate of the permanent magnet materials is improved.

Description

Permanent magnet switched reluctance motor with special-shaped pole shoe iron core
Technical Field
The invention relates to a permanent magnet switched reluctance motor, in particular to a permanent magnet switched reluctance motor which runs stably and is provided with a special-shaped pole shoe iron core.
Background
As is known, a permanent magnet switched reluctance motor uses permanent magnets on a rotor to replace magnetizer materials on a rotor of a conventional motor. Because a 'shortest magnetic loop' can be formed between a permanent magnet on a motor rotor and an excitation salient pole pair on a stator, magnetic acting force can be enhanced, and torque output of the motor can be obviously increased, the permanent magnet salient poles on the rotor of the permanent magnet switched reluctance motor (see ZL 2011177614.6) in the double salient pole form are arranged at intervals, the excitation salient poles on the stator are also arranged at intervals, and the structure can bring problems such as gap fluctuation of torque and large noise when the motor runs. This limits the range of applications of permanent magnet switched reluctance machines. If the salient pole of the exciting salient pole pair iron core on the stator is made into a pole shoe shape, see the fifteen, sixteen and eighteen figures in the Chinese patent ZL 201110199848.8, compared with the traditional double salient pole structure, the pole shoe-shaped salient pole motor can increase the magnetic action range between the salient pole of the pole shoe and the permanent magnet on the rotor, but still has the following problems that when the radial central line of the salient pole of the permanent magnet on the rotor is superposed with the radial central line of the exciting salient pole on the stator, the exciting salient pole reverses the exciting current in the exciting coil, but because the gap between the rotor permanent magnet at the superposed position and the adjacent exciting salient pole on the stator is large, the magnetic resistance between the permanent magnet and the adjacent exciting salient pole is large, so that the attracting torque is reduced, and simultaneously, the torque fluctuation is brought. When the excitation current in the excitation coil at the superposed position is reversed, because the magnetic polarity in the reversing iron core is the same as that of the permanent magnet, the extremely low inductive reactance in the reversing winding enables the current of the winding to rapidly rise to form a magnetic potential opposite to the magnetizing direction, and extremely adverse factors and hidden troubles are brought to the magnetic performance of the stable permanent magnet. Meanwhile, certain torque fluctuation is brought, and the reliability of circuit control is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve the structural design of a motor stator excitation salient pole to a pole shoe salient pole and provides a permanent magnet switched reluctance motor with a special-shaped pole shoe iron core.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is that the permanent magnet switched reluctance motor with the special-shaped pole shoe iron core comprises a motor base, a motor cover, a stator, a rotor, a position sensor and an excitation control power supply, wherein the stator comprises a stator seat and an excitation salient pole pair, the excitation salient pole pair is uniformly arranged and fixed on the stator seat, the rotor comprises a rotor bracket and an even number of arc-shaped permanent magnets, the even number of arc-shaped permanent magnets are uniformly arranged on the rotor bracket, the magnetic polarity directions of the arc-shaped permanent magnets are radial, the magnetic polarities of two adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnets are different, when the rotor rotates, the arc-shaped permanent magnets fixed on the rotor bracket can pass through the surfaces of the arc-shaped salient poles of the excitation salient poles on the stator seat, and air gaps exist between the arc-shaped permanent magnets and the surfaces, the method is characterized in that: the excitation salient pole pair comprises a special-shaped pole shoe iron core and an excitation coil, wherein two salient pole arc-shaped pole shoes of the special-shaped pole shoe iron core are respectively composed of a pole shoe wide part and a pole shoe narrow part, the pole shoe narrow parts of the adjacent two excitation salient pole pair special-shaped pole shoe iron cores on the stator seat are arranged in a mutually staggered mode, and a gap exists between the pole shoe narrow parts of the adjacent two excitation salient pole pair special-shaped pole shoe iron cores.
In the technical scheme, the range of the gap between the pole shoe narrow parts of the two adjacent excitation salient poles to the special-shaped pole shoe iron core is 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm.
In the technical scheme, the arc length of the arc-shaped permanent magnet on the rotor is equal to or less than the arc length of the C-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core and is equal to or more than the arc length of the wide part of the C-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core.
Based on the technical scheme of the special-shaped pole shoe iron core, the excitation salient pole pair comprises the C-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core and the excitation coil, two salient poles of the C-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core are arc-shaped pole shoes, each arc-shaped pole shoe comprises three parts, a pole shoe wide part is arranged in the center, pole shoe narrow parts extend from the pole shoe wide part to two sides, the pole shoe narrow parts of the same C-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core are distributed on the same straight line or are not distributed on the same straight line, and the geometric shapes of the narrow parts of the C-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core are.
In the above technical scheme, the two stator seats are axially oppositely arranged, the two stator seats are fixed to a motor housing, six cavity bodies are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the two stator seats, the six cavity bodies are symmetrically and uniformly arranged by taking a motor rotating shaft axis as a center, the six cavity bodies are connected by a closed annular cavity, six independent excitation salient pole pairs are respectively fixed in the cavity bodies and are sealed and cured by high-thermal-conductivity glue to form a solid-state heat conductor, the rotor is composed of a rotor support and eight permanent magnets, the rotor support is of a bilateral cantilever structure, four arc permanent magnets are respectively fixed on two sides of a cantilever of the rotor support, magnetic polarity directions of the four arc permanent magnets are radial, the magnetic polarities of the two adjacent arc permanent magnets are different, and when the rotor rotates, the arc permanent magnets fixed on two sides of the cantilever of the rotor support can respectively excite the salient pole pairs of the C-shaped iron core on the stator seats The arc-shaped gap between the two pole shoe-shaped salient poles passes through.
In the technical scheme of the C-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core motor, the circle center angle corresponding to the arc length of the outer surface of the arc-shaped permanent magnet on the rotor is slightly smaller than the circle center angle corresponding to the arc length of the inner surface of the arc-shaped permanent magnet on the rotor; the arc length of the inner surface of the circular arc permanent magnet is less than or equal to the arc length of the special-shaped pole shoe of the C-shaped iron core, the arc length of the wide part of the special-shaped pole shoe of the C-shaped iron core is greater than or equal to the arc length of the wide part of the special-shaped pole shoe of the C-shaped iron core, two side surfaces of the circular arc permanent magnet are provided with positioning pin holes, two axial sides of the rotor support are respectively provided with four limiting blocks, the circle center angle corresponding to the arc length of the outer circular arc surface of each limiting block is slightly larger than the circle center angle corresponding to the arc length of the inner circular arc surface of each limiting block, the circular arc permanent magnet can be just embedded between the two limiting blocks in the axial direction, the chamfer angle of each limiting block is matched with the chamfer angle.
In the technical scheme of the C-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core motor, two excitation salient poles positioned at opposite corners are connected in series or in parallel and are respectively supplied with power by a three-phase power supply, three position sensors are arranged on a stator seat in a one-hundred-twenty degree manner, the radial distance between the three position sensors and the rotating axis of the motor is equal to the radial distance between the outer arc surface or the inner arc surface of a permanent magnet on a rotor and the rotating axis of the motor, namely, when the rotor rotates, one side edge of the outer arc surface or the inner arc surface of the permanent magnet on the rotor passes through the position sensor, the distance between the sensing surface of the position sensor fixed on the stator seat and one side edge of the permanent magnet on the rotor is 2 mm to 5 mm, the central angle position of the position sensor on the stator seat meets the following condition that when the radial central line of a certain permanent magnet on the rotor is coincident with the radial central line, at this moment, a position sensor is always arranged on a bisector of the gap width between two adjacent permanent magnets.
Based on the technical scheme of the special-shaped pole shoe iron core, the excitation salient pole pair consists of the U-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core and the excitation coil, two salient poles of the U-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core are arc-shaped pole shoes, each arc-shaped pole shoe consists of three parts, a pole shoe wide part is positioned in the center, pole shoe narrow parts extend from the pole shoe wide part to two sides, and the pole shoe narrow parts of the same U-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core are distributed on the same straight line or are not distributed on the same straight line; the geometry of the narrow part of the U-shaped special pole shoe iron core is step-shaped and slope-shaped.
In the technical scheme of the U-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core, the stator is composed of a stator seat and six excitation salient pole pairs, six cavity bodies are arranged on the stator seat, the six cavity bodies are symmetrically and uniformly arranged by taking the axis of a rotating shaft of the motor as a center, the six cavity bodies are connected by a closed annular cavity body, the six independent excitation salient pole pairs are respectively fixed in the cavity bodies and are sealed and solidified by high-heat-conduction colloid to form a solid heat conductor, the excitation salient pole pairs are composed of the U-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core and an excitation coil, two salient poles of the U-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core are arc-shaped pole shoes, each arc-shaped pole shoe is composed of three parts, the part positioned in the center is a pole shoe and the parts extending from two sides of the wide part of the pole shoe are narrow parts of the pole shoe, the pole shoes of the U-, and gaps exist among the permanent magnets, the rotor comprises a rotor bracket, a magnetic conduction cylinder and eight circular arc permanent magnets, the magnetic conduction cylinder is fixed on the rotor bracket, four circular arc permanent magnets are in a group and are arranged on the inner wall of the magnetic conduction cylinder at equal intervals, the eight circular arc permanent magnets form two permanent magnet loops, the interval between the two permanent magnet loops is equal to the interval between two salient poles of the U-shaped iron core special-shaped pole shoe, the magnetic polarities of the circular arc permanent magnets are radial, the magnetic polarities of any two adjacent circular arc permanent magnets are different, namely the magnetic polarities of the two adjacent circular arc permanent magnets on the same loop are different, the magnetic polarities of the two adjacent circular arc permanent magnets on different loops are also different, the arc length of the inner surface of each circular arc permanent magnet is less than or equal to the arc length of the U-shaped iron core special-shaped pole, when the rotor rotates, two groups of permanent magnets on the inner wall of the magnetic conduction cylinder respectively pass through the surfaces of the two arc-shaped pole shoe salient poles of the excitation salient pole pair on the stator seat, and an air gap exists between the inner surface of each arc-shaped permanent magnet and the surface of each arc-shaped pole shoe salient pole.
Based on the technical scheme of the special-shaped pole shoe iron core, the excitation salient pole pair only comprises two special-shaped pole shoe salient poles, the circle center angle between the radial center lines of the two special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe iron cores is one hundred eighty degrees, the center part of each special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe iron core is a pole shoe wide part, pole shoe narrow parts extend out from the pole shoe wide parts to two ends and are arranged in a staggered mode, gaps exist between the two special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe iron core pole shoe narrow parts, and the excitation coil is wound on the connecting part of the two special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe iron core pole.
In the technical scheme of only two special-shaped pole shoe iron cores, the stator seat is divided into a left stator seat and a right stator seat, one excitation salient pole pair is fixed in the left stator seat, one excitation salient pole pair is also fixed in the right stator seat, the two excitation salient pole pairs are completely identical in structure and are symmetrically arranged, two groups of excitation coils are respectively arranged outside two connecting parts of the single-side excitation salient pole pair, which are associated with the two special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoes, in a surrounding manner, the upper excitation coil and the lower excitation coil on the left side of the connecting parts are connected in series, and the upper excitation coil and the lower excitation coil on the right side of the connecting parts are connected; the rotor support is of a bilateral cantilever structure, two arc-shaped permanent magnets are fixed on the radial inner surfaces of cantilevers on the left side and the right side of the rotor support, the magnetic polarity directions of the two permanent magnets are radial, the magnetic polarities of the two permanent magnets are different, in addition, the connecting line of the radial central points of the two permanent magnets fixed on the left side of a cantilever of the rotor support is in the vertical direction, and the connecting line of the radial central points of the two permanent magnets fixed on the right side of the cantilever of the rotor support is in the horizontal direction; when the two arc-shaped permanent magnets on one side successively pass through the position sensor, the position sensor outputs an electric signal to an excitation control power supply, so that the excitation control power supply changes the direction of excitation current in the excitation coil by the excitation salient poles on the side.
Based on the technical scheme of the special-shaped pole shoe iron core, the excitation salient pole pair is composed of a special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe iron core and two groups of excitation coils, the special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe iron core is provided with two left and right special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoes, the left special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe is divided into a wide part and a narrow part, the right special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe is also divided into a wide part and a narrow part, the narrow part of the left special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe and the narrow part of the right special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe are arranged in.
In the technical scheme of the left and right separately-arranged special-shaped pole shoes, the stator is composed of a stator seat and excitation salient pole pairs, the stator seat is an X-shaped support, four excitation salient pole pairs are arranged and fixed at the upper, lower, left and right vacant positions of the X-shaped support, two groups of excitation coils of the upper excitation salient pole pair are respectively connected with two groups of excitation coils of the lower excitation salient pole pair in series, two groups of excitation coils of the left excitation salient pole pair are respectively connected with two groups of excitation coils of the right excitation salient pole pair in series, the outer edge lines of eight iron core pole shoes of the four excitation salient pole pairs are concentric circles, the central angle corresponding to the arc surface of the pole shoe of the arc pole shoe of the excitation salient pole pair is about twenty-eight degrees, and the central angle corresponding to the radial central line of two pole shoes of the same excitation salient pole pair is sixt; the outer rotor is composed of a rotor seat, a rotor shaft and permanent magnets, a magnetic conductive steel ring is clamped at the outer edge of a rotor seat body to form a flanging, six arc-shaped permanent magnets cling to the inner wall of the flanging of the rotor seat, the magnetic polarity directions of the six arc-shaped permanent magnets are radial, the magnetic polarities of two adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnets are different, one end of the rotor shaft is fixed with the center of the rotor seat, the other end of the rotor shaft penetrates through the center hole of an X-shaped bracket of the stator seat and is rotatably connected with the stator seat through a ball bearing, in addition, the middle part of the rotor shaft is provided with a radial positioning ball bearing, and the end part of the rotor shaft is also provided with; the position sensors are two Hall sensors, the two Hall sensors are fixed on the stator seat, the two Hall sensors form a ninety-degree central angle with each other, the radial distance of the position sensors is the same as the radial distance of the inner cambered surface of the arc-shaped permanent magnet, when the radial central line of the wide part of the upper and lower excitation salient poles pair special-shaped pole shoes is superposed with the radial central line of the arc-shaped permanent magnet, one Hall sensor arranged on the stator seat is just positioned on the central bisector of the gap between the two arc-shaped permanent magnets, when the two arc-shaped permanent magnets pass through the Hall sensors in sequence, the Hall sensors output electric signals to an excitation control power supply, the excitation control power supply changes the direction of excitation current in the excitation coils of the upper and lower excitation salient poles pair, and when the radial central line of the left and right salient poles pair special-shaped pole, and when the two arc permanent magnets pass through the Hall sensor in sequence, the Hall sensor outputs an electric signal to an excitation control power supply, so that the excitation control power supply changes the direction of excitation current in the excitation coil by the left excitation salient pole and the right excitation salient pole.
The invention has the advantages that the stator excitation salient pole pair iron core salient pole shoe adopts a special shape with a wide part and a narrow part, and the narrow parts of the salient pole shoe of the adjacent stator excitation salient pole pair are arranged in a staggered way. The special structure firstly increases the circle center angle corresponding to the two ends of each salient pole shoe of the excitation salient pole pair of the independent iron core, as shown in fig. 22, the angle of the circle center corresponding to the two ends of each salient pole shoe of the iron core is close to 72 degrees, this allows the distance between the permanent magnets and the adjacent pole shoes of the iron core to be greatly reduced or to be in an overlapping state at the overlapping position, and the narrow parts of the pole shoes are staggered, so that the magnetic resistance between adjacent excitation salient pole pairs is reduced, as shown in figure 22, the front ends of the permanent magnets I and III at the superposed position are respectively provided with a lapping point with the narrow parts of the iron cores of the excitation salient pole pairs B and B', this not only can increase the inductance of the exciting coil when the exciting salient pole at the coincident position is conducted to the exciting coil current in the process of commutation, thereby reducing the current impact during commutation, avoiding the factor of demagnetizing the permanent magnet, and remarkably improving the torque output during the commutation of the exciting current of the exciting coil. Secondly, because narrow parts of salient pole shoes of adjacent stator excitation salient pole pairs are arranged in a staggered mode, an overlapping area is formed, the magnetic polarity of the narrow parts of the two pole shoes in the overlapping area changes along with the change of the magnetic polarity of the salient poles of the respective excitation salient pole pairs, when the permanent magnet on the rotor enters the overlapping area, although the magnetic polarities of the narrow parts of the two pole shoes are different, the salient pole of the excitation salient pole pair pole shoe positioned in the anticlockwise direction of the permanent magnet repels the permanent magnet, and the salient pole of the excitation salient pole pair pole shoe positioned in the clockwise direction of the permanent magnet attracts the permanent magnet, so that the permanent magnet smoothly passes through the overlapping area. The torque fluctuation of the motor can be obviously reduced. Thirdly, the motor with the structure can also reduce the corresponding angle of the arc length of the permanent magnet on the rotor by increasing the corresponding circle center angle of each excitation salient pole on the stator to the arc length of the salient pole shoe of the iron core, thereby obtaining higher torque output by using less expensive permanent magnet materials and obviously improving the utilization rate of the permanent magnet materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural outline of a C-shaped iron core with Z-shaped pole shoe salient poles.
FIG. 2 is a structural outline of a C-shaped iron core with T-shaped pole shoe salient poles.
FIG. 3 is a structural outline of a C-shaped iron core with inverted T-shaped pole shoe salient poles according to the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the shape of a C-shaped iron core with the pole shoe salient poles in a slope shape.
FIG. 5 is a structural outline view of a U-shaped iron core with Z-shaped pole shoe salient poles according to the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the core structure of the excitation salient pole pair second step pole shoe narrow portion of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the core structure of the narrow part of the three-step pole shoe of the excitation salient pole pair of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the core structure of the narrow part of the slope-shaped pole shoe of the excitation salient pole pair of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a narrow-part interleaved core structure of two partially-structured excitation salient poles to two stepped pole shoes according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the profile of the special pole shoe core (a single wide part and a single narrow part form a salient pole) of the excitation salient pole pair of the invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the gap range and the maximum overlapping area of the narrow parts of the pole shoes of adjacent excitation salient poles in staggered arrangement.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the minimum overlapping area of the narrow parts of the pole shoes of adjacent excitation salient poles in the invention arranged in a staggered manner.
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the maximum size of the permanent magnet and the size of the pole of the excitation salient pole to the pole shoe.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the minimum size of the permanent magnet and the size of the pole of the excitation salient pole to the pole piece salient pole of the invention.
Fig. 15 is a schematic illustration of the dimensional relationships between the ramped pole piece cores of the present invention.
Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of a motor structure having C-shaped profiled pole piece cores, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 17 is an outline view of the mutual position relationship between six excitation salient pole pairs and four permanent magnets on one side of the motor according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of the field salient poles of the stator of the motor according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 19 is a schematic structural outline of a motor rotor support according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of permanent magnets on a rotor of an electric machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship among the stator excitation salient pole pair, the rotor permanent magnet and the sensor before the AA' phase excitation power source of the motor is commutated according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of the position relationship among the stator excitation salient pole pair, the rotor permanent magnet and the sensor when the excitation current is zero in the process of reversing the AA' phase excitation power supply of the motor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship among the stator excitation salient pole pair, the rotor permanent magnet and the sensor after the AA' phase excitation power source of the motor is commutated according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 24 is a schematic view of the position relationship of the excitation salient pole pair a' in fig. 21 after being cut along the radial center line, laid flat and turned by ninety degrees.
Fig. 25 is a schematic view of the position relationship of the excitation salient pole pair a' in fig. 22 after being cut along the radial center line, laid flat and turned by ninety degrees.
Fig. 26 is a schematic diagram of the position relationship of the excitation salient pole pair a' in fig. 23 after being cut along the radial center line, laid flat and turned by ninety degrees.
Fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of the position relationship among the stator excitation salient pole pair, the rotor permanent magnet and the sensor when the excitation current is zero in the process of commutating the CC' phase excitation power supply of the motor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 28 is a schematic diagram of the position relationship among the stator excitation salient pole pair, the rotor permanent magnet and the sensor when the excitation current is zero in the process of reversing the BB' phase excitation power supply of the motor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 29 is a structural schematic diagram of a rotor permanent magnet and stator excitation salient pole pair of a motor with a U-shaped special pole shoe core according to a second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 30 is a schematic structural cross-sectional view of a motor with U-shaped profiled pole-piece cores according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 31 is a schematic diagram of the position relationship of the AA' phase at the moment when the exciting current direction is changed in the second motor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 32 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship of the CC' phase when the exciting current direction is changed in the second motor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 33 is a schematic diagram of the position relationship of the moment when the BB' phase changes the direction of the exciting current in the second motor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 34 is a sectional view of a three-high speed motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 35 is a schematic diagram of relative installation positions of the left excitation salient pole pair and the permanent magnet and the right excitation salient pole pair and the permanent magnet in the three-high-speed motor according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 36 is a schematic diagram of a time when the radial center line of the permanent magnet and the radial center line of the pole shoe core do not coincide with each other when the one-side rotor support and the permanent magnet rotate clockwise in the three-high speed motor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 37 is a schematic diagram of a moment when a unilateral rotor bracket and a permanent magnet continue to rotate clockwise and a radial center line of the permanent magnet and a radial center line of a pole shoe core are in a coincident position in a three-high speed motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 38 is a schematic diagram of a moment when a unilateral rotor holder and a permanent magnet continue to rotate clockwise and a radial center line of the permanent magnet and a radial center line of a pole shoe core leave a coincidence position in a three-high speed motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 39 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the left side position sensor and the right side position sensor of the three-high speed motor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 40 is an assembly diagram of four excitation salient pole pairs and an X-shaped bracket in the fourth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 41 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure of a motor dedicated for four drones in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 42 is a schematic diagram of a four-pole motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is operated to a specific position, i.e., a position where the radial center lines of the left and right excitation salient poles with respect to the wide portions of the special-shaped pole shoes coincide with the radial center line of the arc-shaped permanent magnet.
Fig. 43 is a schematic diagram of a position of a rotor permanent magnet and a stator excitation salient pole pair when a magnetic force is formed between the rotor permanent magnet and the stator excitation salient pole pair after the four-motor operation deviates from the specific position shown in fig. 4 according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 44 is a schematic view of a four-pole machine of an embodiment of the present invention operating to another specific position, namely, a position where the radial center lines of the wide portions of the upper and lower excitation salient pole pairs and the special-shaped pole shoes coincide with the radial center line of the circular arc permanent magnet.
In the above drawings, 10 is a C-shaped iron core connecting member, 11 is a pole shoe salient pole wide portion, 12 is a pole shoe salient pole narrow portion, 13 is a convex portion of the connecting member, 14 is a pole shoe salient pole wide portion, 15 is a pole shoe salient pole narrow portion, 16 is a pole shoe salient pole wide portion, 17 is a pole shoe salient pole narrow portion, 18 is a pole shoe salient pole wide portion, 19 is a pole shoe salient pole narrow portion, 20 is a U-shaped iron core connecting member, 21 is a wide portion of a U-shaped iron core pole shoe salient pole, 22 is a narrow portion of a U-shaped iron core pole shoe salient pole, 23 is a convex portion of a U-shaped iron core connecting member, 24 is a magnetic conductive cylinder, 25 is an arc-shaped permanent magnet (an outer arc is an N pole, an inner arc is an S pole), 26 is an arc-shaped permanent magnet (an outer arc is an S pole, an inner arc is an N pole), 27 is a, 31 is a pole piece salient pole narrow portion, 32 is a two-pole connection section, 33 is a pole piece salient pole wide portion, 34 is a pole piece salient pole narrow portion, 35 is a pole piece salient pole wide portion, 36 is a pole piece salient pole narrow portion, 37 is a pole piece salient pole wide portion, 38 is a pole piece salient pole narrow portion, 39 is a two-pole connection section convex portion, 40 is a pole piece salient pole wide portion, 41 is a pole piece salient pole narrow portion, 42 is a two-pole connection section, LK is a pole piece salient pole wide portion, LZ is a pole piece salient pole narrow portion, LC is an overlapping region of adjacent pole piece narrow portions, LCM is a maximum overlapping region of adjacent pole piece narrow portions, LCM is a minimum overlapping region of adjacent pole piece narrow portions, LYM is a maximum permanent magnet length, LYm is a minimum permanent magnet length, LJ is a gap in which adjacent pole piece narrow portions are staggered, LJJ is a radial gap in which adjacent pole piece narrow portions are staggered, LJX is an oblique gap arranged by the narrow parts of adjacent pole shoes in a staggered way, 101 is a power output shaft, 102 is a wind impeller, 103 is a stator seat, 104 is a C-shaped iron core, 105 is a fixed press ring, 106 is an arc permanent magnet, 107 is a rotor bracket, 108 is a coil fixed frame, 109 is a first excitation coil, 110 is a second excitation coil, 111 is a rivet, 112 is a bearing, 113 is a C-shaped special pole shoe iron core, 114 is a coil fixed frame, 115 is a first excitation coil, 116 is a second excitation coil, 117 is a limit block, 118 is a positioning pin, 119 is a screw hole, 120 is a rotor bracket, 121 is an arc permanent magnet, 122 is a permanent magnet side positioning pin hole, 123 is the difference between the circle center angle corresponding to the arc length of the outer surface of the arc permanent magnet and the circle center angle corresponding to the arc length of the inner surface of the arc permanent magnet, 124 is the radial center line of the, 127 is a salient pole of an inner pole shoe of the C-shaped iron core, SA is a position sensor a, SB is a position sensor B, and SC is a position sensor C. 201 is a rotating shaft, 202 is a fan blade, 203 is a bearing, 204 is a stator seat, 205 is an end cover, 206 is a rotor support, 207 is a magnetic conductive ring, 208 is a permanent magnet, 209 is a U-shaped pole shoe iron core, 210 is an excitation coil, 211 is a connecting screw, 212 is a sleeve, 213 is a base, Sa is a position sensor A, Sb is a position sensor B, Sc is a position sensor C, YA is an arc-shaped permanent magnet on the left side of the motor, and YB is an arc-shaped permanent magnet on the right side of the motor. 301 is a power output shaft, 302 is a motor end cover, 303 is a heat dissipation impeller, 304 is a left side stator seat, 305 is a wound excitation coil section of an excitation salient pole pair iron core, 306 is an excitation coil, 307 is a pole shoe narrow part of the excitation salient pole pair iron core, 308 is an arc-shaped permanent magnet, 309 is a non-magnetic-conductive limiting block, 310 is a rotor seat, 311 is a non-magnetic-conductive limiting block, 312 is a motor right side position sensor, 313 is a bearing, 314 is a radial center line of a pole shoe wide part of an iron core of a left side pole shoe unit of the motor, 315 is a radial center line of a pole shoe wide part of an iron core of a right side pole shoe unit of the motor, 316 is a radial center line of two permanent magnets on the left side of the motor, 317 is a radial center line of two permanent magnets on the right side of the motor, 318 is a motor rotation axis, SA. 401 is a ball bearing, 402 is a rotor shaft, 403 is a rotor cover plate, 404 is a rotor seat body, 405 is a rotor magnetic-conductive steel ring, 406 is an arc-shaped permanent magnet, 407 is a narrow part of a special-shaped pole-piece iron core, 408 is the special-shaped pole-piece iron core, 409 is an excitation coil, 410 'X' -shaped stator seat, and 411 is a thrust ball bearing.
Detailed Description
First embodiment, the structural section of this embodiment is shown in fig. 16.
In this embodiment, two stator bases 103 are axially disposed opposite to each other, the two stator bases 103 are fixed to the motor housing, six cavities are disposed inside the two stator bases 103, the six cavities are symmetrically disposed around the axis of the motor shaft, the six cavities are connected by a closed annular cavity, twelve independent pairs of excitation salient poles are respectively embedded into the cavities inside the two stator bases, the excitation salient pole pairs are integrally fixed to the stator bases by screws, the excitation salient pole pairs are encapsulated and cured by high thermal conductive adhesive to form a solid thermal conductor, the rotor bracket 107 is a double-side cantilever structure, as shown in fig. 19, four stoppers 117 are disposed on two axial sides of the rotor bracket 120, the difference between the circle center angle corresponding to the arc length of the outer arc surface of the stopper 117 and the circle center angle corresponding to the arc length of the inner arc surface thereof is 5.5 degrees, the difference 123 between the circle center angle corresponding to the arc length of the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped permanent magnet 121 (see fig. 20) and the circle center angle corresponding to the arc length of the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped permanent magnet is (73-62 °)/2 =5.5 °, so that the permanent magnet can be just axially embedded between the two limiting blocks, the positioning pin 118 on the rotor bracket is inserted into the positioning pin hole 122 on one side surface of the permanent magnet, the positioning pin on the positioning press ring 105 (see fig. 16) is inserted into the positioning pin hole on the other side surface of the permanent magnet, the fixing hole on the positioning press ring 105 is aligned with the positioning screw hole 119 on the limiting block 117, and the positioning press ring 105 is fixed with the limiting block.
In this embodiment, the excitation salient pole pair is composed of a C-shaped iron core and an excitation coil, both salient poles of the C-shaped iron core are arc-shaped pole shoes, as shown in fig. 1, the C-shaped iron core is composed of three parts, one part is a C-shaped connecting part 10, the other part is an outer pole shoe salient pole, the third part is an inner pole shoe salient pole, two ends of the C-shaped connecting part are respectively provided with a convex part 13, and the two convex parts are respectively embedded into a groove of the outer pole shoe salient pole and a groove of the inner pole shoe salient pole to form a whole. Two salient poles of the C-shaped iron core are arc pole shoes, the center of the C-shaped iron core is a pole shoe wide part 11, and pole shoe narrow parts 12 extending from two sides of the pole shoe wide part 11. Narrow pole shoe parts of the salient poles of the C-shaped iron core are not distributed on the same straight line, namely, the salient poles of the pole shoe shape are similar to a Z shape when viewed from the radial direction.
In this embodiment, each C-shaped iron core is wound with two groups of excitation coils, one group of excitation coils is supplied with a forward excitation current, and the other group of excitation coils is supplied with a reverse excitation current. When the excitation current input by the two groups of excitation coils is zero, the salient pole of the pole shoe has no magnetic polarity. When one group of excitation coils input forward excitation current, the salient poles of the outer pole shoes present N magnetic polarity, the salient poles of the inner pole shoes present S magnetic polarity, and when the other group of excitation coils input reverse excitation current, the salient poles of the outer pole shoes present S magnetic polarity, and the salient poles of the inner pole shoes present N magnetic polarity.
Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the relative position relationship between the single-side stator excitation salient pole pair and the rotor permanent magnet of the motor in this embodiment. When the rotor rotates, the arc permanent magnets fixed on two sides of the rotor bracket cantilever can pass through arc gaps between two pole shoe-shaped salient poles of the C-shaped iron core of each excitation salient pole pair on the stator seat. The magnetic polarity directions of the four arc-shaped permanent magnets are radial, and the magnetic polarities of two adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnets are different. The radial central lines of the four arc-shaped permanent magnets are arranged at a central angle of 90 degrees. An air gap exists between the permanent magnet and the upper pole shoe-shaped salient pole and the lower pole shoe-shaped salient pole of the C-shaped iron core, and a magnetic loop is formed between the permanent magnet and the upper pole shoe-shaped salient pole and the lower pole shoe-shaped salient pole of the C-shaped iron core through the upper air gap and the lower air gap.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 22, a central angle corresponding to an intrados of each circular arc-shaped permanent magnet is 72.5 degrees, and a central angle corresponding to an interval between two adjacent permanent magnets is 17.5 degrees. The radial central lines of the six excitation salient pole pairs are arranged at a central angle of 60 degrees with each other. The narrow parts of the adjacent two excitation salient pole pairs of the C-shaped iron core pole shoes are arranged in a mutually staggered mode, 2 mm axial gaps and 2 mm radial gaps exist between the narrow parts, the central angle corresponding to the total arc length of each excitation salient pole pair is close to 75 degrees, the central angle corresponding to the arc length of the wide part of each pole shoe is close to 45 degrees, and the central angle corresponding to the arc length of the narrow part of each pole shoe is close to 15 degrees.
In this embodiment, there are twelve excitation salient pole pairs, six excitation salient pole pairs are provided in the single-side stator base, two groups of excitation coils are wound around each C-shaped iron core, one group of excitation coils inputs a forward current, and the other group of excitation coils inputs a reverse current. The two opposite excitation salient pole pairs A and A ' are in one group, an input forward current excitation coil of the excitation salient pole pair A is connected with an input forward current excitation coil of the excitation salient pole pair A ' in series or in parallel, and an input reverse current excitation coil of the excitation salient pole pair A is connected with an input reverse current excitation coil of the excitation salient pole pair A ' in series or in parallel. Similarly, the excitation salient pole pair B and the excitation salient pole pair B 'are in one group, the excitation salient pole pair C and the excitation salient pole pair C' are in one group, and the excitation coils are correspondingly connected in series or in parallel, as shown in fig. 21. The excitation coils of the three excitation salient pole pairs on the single side are connected with the excitation coils of the three excitation salient pole pairs on the other side in parallel to form a combined group consisting of the excitation coils of the four excitation salient pole pairs, and the three combined groups are respectively provided with excitation currents by phase lines I (A), phase lines II (B) and phase lines III (C) of an excitation control power supply.
In this embodiment, three position sensors SA, SB, and SC are arranged on the stator base at one hundred twenty degree central angles with respect to each other, and the radial distances between the three position sensors and the motor rotation axis are equal to the radial distances between the inner surface of the arc of the permanent magnet and the motor rotation axis. See fig. 21. The central angle position of the position sensor on the stator seat meets the following condition that when the radial central line of a certain permanent magnet on the rotor is superposed with the radial central line of a certain excitation salient pole pair pole shoe iron core on the stator, at the moment, one position sensor is always arranged on a bisector of the gap width between two adjacent permanent magnets. As shown in fig. 22, the radial center lines of the permanent magnet i and the permanent magnet iii coincide with the radial center lines of the pole piece cores of the excitation salient pole pair a and a', and at this moment, the position sensor SA is positioned on the bisector of the gap width between the permanent magnet i and the permanent magnet ii, that is, the distance between the position sensor SA and the permanent magnet i and the distance between the position sensor SA and the permanent magnet ii are equal. When the rotor rotates, one side edge of the inner arc surface of the permanent magnet on the rotor passes through the position sensor at the close position, the distance between the sensing surface of the position sensor fixed on the stator seat and one side edge of the inner arc surface of the permanent magnet on the rotor is 3 mm, the position sensor can sense different magnetic polarities passing through the permanent magnets in sequence and output signals to the excitation control power supply, so that the excitation control power supply inputs forward or reverse excitation currents to the phase line I (A), the phase line II (B) and the phase line III (C) in real time.
The operation and excitation control process of the motor according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Since the left and right sides of the motor of this embodiment are identical in structure and electrical connection, the left side of the motor is used as an introduction object.
Fig. 21 shows the position of the stator excitation salient pole pair, the rotor permanent magnet and the sensor before the excitation current in the AA' parallel phase line is reversed. At the moment, the excitation control power supply inputs forward excitation current into the AA 'parallel phase line, and the outer pole shoe salient poles of the excitation salient pole pairs A and A' are S poles. The inner pole shoe salient pole of the excitation salient pole pair A and A' is an N pole. The excitation salient pole pairs A and A' respectively attract the permanent magnet I and the permanent magnet III to generate positive torque. At the moment, the permanent magnet II is respectively subjected to the magnetic repulsion force of the excitation salient pole pair B and the magnetic attraction force of the excitation salient pole pair C to form a forward torque, and similarly, the permanent magnet IV is respectively subjected to the magnetic repulsion force of the excitation salient pole pair B 'and the magnetic attraction force of the excitation salient pole pair C' to form a forward torque.
For convenience of understanding and depth discussion, the excitation salient pole pair a' in fig. 21 is cut along a radial center line, laid flat, the outer pole shoe salient pole of the excitation salient pole pair is moved to the upper side of the permanent magnet, the inner pole shoe salient pole of the excitation salient pole is moved to the lower side of the permanent magnet, and the four permanent magnets and the outer pole shoe salient pole are turned upwards by ninety degrees, so that fig. 24 is formed.
In fig. 24, the radial center lines of the permanent magnets i and iii do not coincide with the radial center lines of the excitation salient pole pairs a and a ', and there is an angle difference of α degrees, the excitation salient pole pairs a and a ' and the excitation salient pole pairs B and B ' input forward excitation currents, the outer pole shoe salient poles (the upper row of pole shoe salient poles shown in fig. 24) present S poles, the inner pole shoe salient poles (the lower row of pole shoe salient poles shown in fig. 24) present N poles, because the outer arc surfaces of the permanent magnets i and iii are N poles and the inner arc surfaces are S poles, the permanent magnets i and iii receive the attraction forces of the excitation salient pole pairs B and B ' in addition to the attraction forces of the excitation salient pole pairs a and a ', because the inner and outer arc surfaces of the permanent magnets i and iii overlap with the pole shoe narrow portions of the excitation salient pole pairs B and B ', and at the same time, because the excitation salient pole pairs C and C ' input reverse excitation currents, the outer pole shoes present N poles present S poles, the inner pole salient poles present S pole pairs C and C ' also receive the repulsion forces of the excitation salient poles C and C ' because the excitation salient poles C ' and C ' also form the repulsion forces of the permanent magnets i and iv.
Fig. 22 shows that the rotor continues to rotate in the clockwise direction, the permanent magnet i and the permanent magnet iii rotate to the overlapping position, the radial center line of the permanent magnet i overlaps the radial center line of the excitation salient pole pair a, and similarly, the radial center line of the permanent magnet iii overlaps the radial center line of the excitation salient pole pair a ', at this moment, the position sensor SA sends a signal to the excitation control power supply, the excitation control power supply stops inputting forward excitation current into the AA ' parallel phase line, and at this moment, the outer salient pole shoes and the inner salient pole shoes of the excitation salient pole pairs a and a ' lose magnetic polarity, and do not generate magnetic acting force on the permanent magnet i and the permanent magnet iii.
For convenience of understanding and depth discussion, fig. 25 is formed by cutting along the radial center line of the excitation salient pole pair a' in fig. 22, tiling, moving the outer salient pole of the excitation salient pole pair above the permanent magnets, moving the inner salient pole of the excitation salient pole below the permanent magnets, and turning the four permanent magnets and the salient poles of the outer pole shoe upwards by ninety degrees.
In fig. 25, the radial center lines of the permanent magnet i and the permanent magnet iii are overlapped with the radial center lines of the excitation salient pole pair a and the excitation salient pole pair a ', at this moment, the sensor SA sends a signal to the excitation control power supply, so that the excitation current input to the excitation coil of the excitation salient pole pair a and the excitation salient pole pair a' is changed from the forward direction to the reverse direction, during the change of the excitation current direction, there is a very short time, the excitation current is zero, the salient pole shoes of the excitation salient pole pair a and the excitation salient pole pair a 'do not have magnetic polarity, at this moment, no magnetic acting force exists between the permanent magnet i and the permanent magnet iii and between the excitation salient pole pair a and the excitation salient pole pair a', at the moment, magnetic attraction still exists between the permanent magnets II and IV and the excitation salient pole pair C ', and magnetic repulsion still exists between the permanent magnets II and IV and the excitation salient pole pair B'.
Fig. 23 shows that the rotor continues to rotate, the permanent magnet i and the permanent magnet iii continue to rotate away from the overlapping position, and at this moment, the excitation control power supply has input a reverse excitation current into the AA 'parallel phase line under the trigger of the position sensor SA, and the salient poles of the outer pole shoes of the excitation salient pole pairs a and a' are changed into N poles. The inner pole shoe salient of the excitation salient pole pair A and A' is an S pole. At the moment, the permanent magnet I begins to be respectively subjected to the magnetic repulsive force of the excitation salient pole pair A and the magnetic attractive force of the excitation salient pole pair B to form a forward torque, and similarly, the permanent magnet III also begins to be respectively subjected to the magnetic repulsive force of the excitation salient pole pair A 'and the magnetic attractive force of the excitation salient pole pair B' to form a forward torque. At the moment, the permanent magnet II continuously receives the magnetic repulsive force of the excitation salient pole pair B and the magnetic attractive force of the excitation salient pole pair C respectively to form a positive torque, and at the moment, the permanent magnet IV continuously receives the magnetic repulsive force of the excitation salient pole pair B 'and the magnetic attractive force of the excitation salient pole pair C' respectively to form a positive torque.
For convenience of understanding and depth discussion, fig. 26 is formed by cutting along the radial center line of the excitation salient pole pair a' in fig. 23, tiling, moving the outer salient pole of the excitation salient pole pair above the permanent magnet, moving the inner salient pole of the excitation salient pole below the permanent magnet, and turning the four permanent magnets and the salient pole of the outer pole shoe upwards by ninety degrees.
In fig. 26, the radial center lines of the permanent magnet i and the permanent magnet iii are away from the overlapping position of the radial center lines of the excitation salient pole pair a and the excitation salient pole pair a 'and deviate from β degrees, at this moment, the excitation control power supply inputs reverse excitation current to the excitation salient pole pair a and the excitation salient pole pair a', the magnetic polarities of the salient poles of the excitation salient pole pair a and the excitation salient pole pair a 'are changed, the salient pole of the outer pole shoe is an N pole, the salient pole of the inner pole shoe is an S pole, and at this moment, the excitation salient pole pair a and the excitation salient pole pair a' form magnetic repulsion forces on the permanent magnet i and the permanent magnet iii.
When the rotor continues to rotate, the rotor enters a second overlapping position (see figure 27), namely the radial center lines of the permanent magnets II and IV are respectively overlapped with the radial center lines of the excitation salient pole pair C and the excitation salient pole pair C ', at the moment, the position sensor SC sends a signal to the excitation control power supply, the excitation control power supply stops inputting forward excitation current into the CC ' parallel phase line, and at the moment, the outer salient poles and the inner salient poles of the excitation salient pole pairs C and C ' lose magnetic polarities. At the moment, when the excitation control power supply starts to input reverse excitation current into the CC 'parallel phase line, the salient poles of the outer pole shoes of the excitation salient pole pairs C and C' are changed into S poles.
Since the permanent magnets on the excitation salient pole pair and the rotor of the motor stator are symmetrically and evenly arranged by taking the rotation axis of the motor as a reference line, based on the detailed discussion, it can be inferred that the position change and action processes between the permanent magnets I and III and the excitation salient pole pair A 'also occur between the permanent magnets II and IV and the excitation salient pole pair C'. And will not be discussed in detail herein.
When the rotor continues to rotate and enters a third superposition position (see the attached figure 28), namely the radial central lines of the permanent magnet I and the permanent magnet III are respectively superposed with the radial central lines of the excitation salient pole pair B and the excitation salient pole pair B ', at the moment, the position sensor SB sends a signal to the excitation control power supply, the excitation control power supply stops inputting forward excitation current into the BB ' parallel phase line, and at the moment, the outer pole shoe salient poles and the inner pole shoe salient poles of the excitation salient pole pairs B and B ' lose magnetic polarities. At this moment, when the excitation control power supply starts to input reverse excitation current into the BB 'parallel phase line, the salient poles of the outer pole shoes of the excitation salient pole pairs B and B' are changed into N poles.
It can be further inferred that the position change and action process between the permanent magnets II and IV and the excitation salient pole pair C 'also occur in the position change and action process between the radial central lines of the permanent magnets I and III and the excitation salient pole pair B', respectively. And will not be discussed in detail herein.
In the embodiment, every thirty-degree rotation of the rotor through a central angle, the radial center lines of the two permanent magnets are overlapped with the radial center lines of the two excitation salient pole pairs.
In the present embodiment, since the adjacent field salient poles are staggered with respect to the narrow portions of the pole shoe salient poles, the overlap region LC is formed (see fig. 11 and 12). The specific parameters of the overlap region LC can be adjusted during the design stage of the motor product. The adjustment of the LC parameters of the overlapping area is related to the adjustment of other parameters of the salient pole of the pole shoe, as shown in fig. 11 to fig. 14, the related salient pole parameters of the pole shoe include a wide pole part LK, a narrow pole part LZ, an axial gap LJZ between the narrow pole parts and a radial gap LJJ between the narrow pole parts, if the values of the salient pole parameters of the pole shoe are adjusted in a lump, the LC parameter values of the overlapping area, which are less than or equal to the maximum overlapping area LCM and greater than or equal to the minimum overlapping area LCM, can be obtained, if the size of the permanent magnet is properly selected between the maximum length LYM and the minimum length LYm, and the LC parameter values of the pole shoe salient pole and the overlapping area are combined to perform the optimal design, thereby realizing the motor with excellent.
Among the above parameters of the pole shoe salient pole, as shown in fig. 11 and 14, the axial gap LJZ and the radial gap LJJ existing between the narrow parts of the pole shoes are particularly critical. The axial clearance LJZ is adjusted within a range of 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm, and the radial clearance LJJ is also adjusted within a range of 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm. The axial gap LJZ and the radial gap LJJ may be the same or different.
The narrow parts of the adjacent excitation salient poles and the pole shoe salient poles are arranged in a staggered mode to form an overlapping area LC, and when the permanent magnet on the rotor rotates into the overlapping area, the following three technical effects can be achieved.
Firstly, because the circle center angles corresponding to the two ends of each independent iron core salient pole shoe of the excitation salient pole pair are increased, as shown in the attached drawing 22, the circle center angle corresponding to the two ends of each iron core salient pole shoe is close to 72 degrees, so that the distance between the permanent magnet at the superposed position and the adjacent iron core pole shoe is greatly reduced or the permanent magnet is already in an overlapping state, as shown in the attached drawing 22, the front ends of the permanent magnets I and III at the superposed position are respectively overlapped with the narrow parts of the iron cores of the excitation salient pole pair B and B', and therefore, the inductance of the excitation salient pole at the superposed position to the excitation coil is increased when the current of the excitation coil is switched on, the current impact during the commutation is reduced, the permanent magnet is prevented from being demagnetized, and the torque output during the commutation of the excitation current of the excitation.
Secondly, the magnetic polarities of the narrow parts of the two pole shoes in the overlapping area LC are changed along with the magnetic polarity change of the salient pole pair of the respective excitation salient pole, when the permanent magnet on the rotor enters the overlapping area, although the magnetic polarities of the narrow parts of the two pole shoes are different, the salient pole pair of the excitation salient pole positioned in the anticlockwise direction of the permanent magnet repels the permanent magnet, and the salient pole pair of the pole shoe positioned in the clockwise direction of the permanent magnet attracts the permanent magnet, namely, the permanent magnet can be subjected to the repelling thrust of the excitation salient pole pair at the rear part and the attracting tension of the excitation salient pole pair at the front part. As shown in fig. 26, the permanent magnet i is simultaneously subjected to the magnetic repulsive force of the excitation salient pole pair a and the magnetic attractive force of the excitation salient pole pair B, and the permanent magnet iii is also simultaneously subjected to the magnetic repulsive force of the excitation salient pole pair a 'and the magnetic attractive force of the excitation salient pole pair B'. The overlapping area formed by the narrow parts of the salient poles of the adjacent pole shoes in a staggered manner is similar to the area of a connecting rod in a relay competition field of track and field 4 by 400 meters, and the overlapping area formed by the narrow parts of the adjacent excitation salient pole pairs can enable the permanent magnet (similar to a tension rod) to be pulled and pushed by the front excitation salient pole pair and the rear excitation salient pole pair, so that the permanent magnet rotates more stably, smoothly and powerfully, and the torque fluctuation of the motor can be obviously reduced.
Thirdly, due to the existence of the overlap region LC, the corresponding angle of the arc length of the permanent magnet on the rotor can be reduced by increasing the angle of the circle center corresponding to the arc length of each excitation salient pole to the salient pole shoe of the iron core, namely the permanent magnet can have the minimum length LYm, as shown in the attached figure 14, so that higher torque output can be obtained by using less and expensive permanent magnet materials, and the utilization rate of the permanent magnet materials is obviously improved.
In this embodiment, three C-shaped cores as shown in fig. 2 and three C-shaped cores as shown in fig. 3 may also be used. Excitation salient pole pairs of three T-shaped pole shoes and excitation salient poles of three inverted T-shaped pole shoes are alternately arranged on the stator seat, narrow pole shoe portions of two adjacent excitation salient pole pairs are staggered, and gaps exist among the narrow pole shoe portions.
In this embodiment, a C-shaped iron core as shown in fig. 4 may also be used, where the narrow pole shoe portions of the salient poles of the C-shaped iron core are located at two ends of the wide pole shoe portion and are in a slope shape, the narrow pole shoe portions of two adjacent excitation salient pole pairs are staggered, and a gap exists between the narrow pole shoe portions. As shown in fig. 15, the wide portions LK, the narrow portions LZ, the axial gaps LJZ, and the oblique gaps LJX of the salient pole pieces of the C-shaped iron core define the range of the overlapping region LC of the narrow portions of the salient pole pieces of the adjacent pole pieces, and the overlapping region LC determined by the range and the length of the permanent magnet on the rotor are considered in a lump, so that the motor with excellent performance can be realized through optimized design.
Second embodiment, the motor structure section of this embodiment is shown in fig. 30.
In this embodiment, six excitation salient pole pairs are uniformly fixed to the stator base 204, and the central angle between the radial center lines of two adjacent excitation salient pole pairs is sixty degrees. The magnetic conduction cylinder 207 is fixed on the rotor support 206, four arc-shaped permanent magnets 208 are in a group and are arranged on the inner wall of the magnetic conduction cylinder 207 at the same interval to form two permanent magnet rings with intervals, the central angle between the radial central lines of the two adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnets is ninety degrees, the magnetic polarities of the arc-shaped permanent magnets are radial, and the magnetic polarities of any two adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnets are different, namely the magnetic polarities of the two adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnets (26 and 27) on the same ring are different, and the magnetic polarities of the two adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnets (26 and 29) on different rings are also different.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the excitation salient pole pair is composed of a U-shaped iron core and two groups of excitation coils, the winding directions of the two excitation coils are opposite, when one of the excitation coils inputs an excitation current, one pole shoe salient pole 21, 22 of the U-shaped iron core is an N pole, the other pole shoe salient pole of the U-shaped iron core is an S pole, when the other excitation coil inputs an excitation current, one pole shoe salient pole 21, 22 of the U-shaped iron core is an S pole, and the other pole shoe salient pole of the U-shaped iron core is an N pole. The U-shaped core is composed of pole-piece salient pole members and connecting members, and the convex portions 23 of the connecting members are fixed in combination with the dovetail-shaped concave portions of the pole-piece salient pole members, as shown in fig. 5. In the present embodiment, the two salient poles of the U-shaped iron core are arc pole shoes, each arc pole shoe is composed of three parts, a pole shoe wide part 21 is located in the center, pole shoe narrow parts 22 are extended from both sides of the pole shoe wide part, and the pole shoe narrow parts at both ends of the U-shaped iron core salient pole wide part 21 are not distributed on the same straight line, that is, when viewed from the radial direction, a single pole shoe salient pole is similar to a zigzag shape. Narrow parts of salient pole shoes of the U-shaped iron core of two adjacent excitation salient pole pairs on the stator seat are arranged in a mutually staggered mode, and gaps exist between the narrow parts. Referring to fig. 29, when the rotor rotates, two groups of permanent magnets 25, 26, 29, etc. on the inner wall of the magnetic conduction cylinder 24 pass through the surfaces of the two arc-shaped pole shoe salient poles of the excitation salient pole pair 27 on the stator seat respectively, and an air gap exists between the inner surface of the arc-shaped permanent magnet and the surfaces of the arc-shaped pole shoe salient poles.
In this embodiment, the excitation coils of the two excitation salient pole pairs located at opposite corners are connected in series or in parallel, and are respectively supplied with power by a three-phase power supply, that is, two groups of excitation coils of the excitation salient pole pair a are respectively connected in series or in parallel with two groups of excitation coils of the excitation salient pole pair a ', and similarly, two groups of excitation coils of the excitation salient pole pair B are respectively connected in series or in parallel with two groups of excitation coils of the excitation salient pole pair B', and similarly, two groups of excitation coils of the excitation salient pole pair C are respectively connected in series or in parallel with two groups of excitation coils of the excitation salient pole pair C.
In the present embodiment, three position sensors Sa, Sb, and Sc are provided. Referring to fig. 31, the three position sensors are at one hundred twenty degree central angles to each other. The radial distance between the three position sensors and the rotating axis of the motor is equal to the radial distance between the inner arc surface of the permanent magnet of the rotor and the rotating axis of the motor, namely, when the rotor rotates, one side edge of the inner arc surface of the permanent magnet on the rotor passes through the position sensor at the close position.
In this embodiment, the outer rotor of the motor rotates clockwise.
FIG. 31 is a schematic view showing the positions of the radial center lines of the permanent magnets I and III coinciding with the radial center lines of the excitation salient pole pairs A and A'. Supposing that the time t is the coincident position of the radial central lines of the permanent magnets I and III and the radial central lines of the excitation salient pole pairs A and A0At t0Δ t before time0At the moment, the excitation control power supply inputs forward excitation current into the excitation coils of the excitation salient pole pairs A and A ', the magnetic polarities of the salient poles of the pole shoes of the excitation salient pole pairs A and A' are different from those of the permanent magnets I and III, and a magnetic attraction effect exists to form forward torque; at t0At the moment, the position sensor Sa sends a signal to the excitation control power supply, so that the excitation control power supply stops inputting forward excitation current to the excitation salient pole pairs A and A ', and the salient poles of the two pole shoes of the excitation salient pole pairs A and A' do not have magnetic polarity instantly. Once the radial centerlines of permanent magnets I and III are offset from the radial centerlines of excitation salient pole pairs A and A', i.e., at t0After Δ t0At the moment, the excitation control power supply starts to input reverse excitation current to the excitation salient pole pairs A and A ', the magnetic polarities of the salient poles of the pole shoes of the excitation salient pole pairs A and A' are the same as those of the permanent magnets I and V, magnetic repulsion exists, and forward torque is formed.
FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the radial center lines of the permanent magnets II and IV and the radial center lines of the excitation salient pole pairs C and C' which coincide with each other. The position sensor Sc sends a signal to the excitation control power supply to commutate the excitation currents in the excitation coils of the excitation salient pole pair C and C'. The magnetic action change process between the permanent magnets II and IV and the excitation salient pole pairs C and C 'is completely the same as the magnetic action change process between the permanent magnets I and III and the excitation salient pole pair A, A'.
FIG. 33 is a schematic view showing the positions of the radial center lines of the permanent magnets I and III coinciding with the radial center lines of the excitation salient pole pairs B and B'. Position sensor Sb sends a signal to the excitation control power supply to commutate the excitation current in the excitation coil of the excitation salient pole pair B and B'. The magnetic action change process between the permanent magnets I and III and the excitation salient pole pair B, B 'is completely the same as the magnetic action change process between the permanent magnets I and III and the excitation salient pole pair A, A'.
It can be inferred that the state that the radial center line of the permanent magnet is overlapped with the radial center line of the excitation salient pole pair occurs every thirty degrees of rotation of the rotor.
In this embodiment, a motor with excellent performance can be realized by adopting the parameter optimization design as described in the first embodiment.
The technical effect of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
Third embodiment, the structural section of the motor of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 34.
In this embodiment, the excitation salient pole pair adopts a two-step interleaved two-part combined pole shoe excitation unit iron core 34, as shown in fig. 9, a pole shoe wide portion 37 of a left part of the combined pole shoe excitation unit iron core is the same as a pole shoe wide portion 37 of a right part of the combined pole shoe iron core, a pole shoe narrow portion 38 of the left part of the combined pole shoe iron core is interleaved with a pole shoe narrow portion 38 of the right part of the combined pole shoe iron core, a protruding key 39 is arranged at an end portion of the left part of the combined pole shoe iron core, and the protruding key 39 is assembled with a key groove of the right part of the combined.
In the present embodiment, the pair of motor left-side excitation salient poles and the pair of motor right-side excitation salient poles are respectively provided to the left-side stator holder and the right-side stator holder. Referring to fig. 35, the arrangement directions of the excitation salient pole pairs on the two sides are the same, that is, a connecting line 314 of the radial center lines of the wide parts of the left excitation salient pole pairs and the wide parts of the right excitation salient pole pairs is a horizontal straight line, a connecting line 315 of the radial center lines of the wide parts of the right excitation salient pole pairs is a horizontal straight line, and a connecting line 316 of the radial center lines of the two permanent magnets on the left side of the motor and a connecting line 317 of the radial center lines.
In this embodiment, the wiring of the field coil on the left side of the motor is as shown in fig. 36. The excitation coil A0 and the excitation coil A0 'are connected in series, and the excitation coil A1 and the excitation coil A1' are connected in series. The wiring mode of the left excitation coil of the motor is the same, the right excitation coil B0 of the motor is connected with the excitation coil B0 'in series, and the excitation coil B1 of the motor is connected with the excitation coil B1' in series.
In this embodiment, a position sensor is respectively disposed on the left side and the right side of the motor, the position sensor 312 on the right side of the motor is disposed at a twelve-point position above the right stator seat, referring to fig. 34, the radial distance of the position sensor 312 is the same as the radial distance of the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped permanent magnet, two permanent magnets on the right side of the motor will successively pass through the position sensor 312 when rotating, if the tail end t1 of the former permanent magnet leaves the position sensor 312 and the front end t2 of the latter permanent magnet reaches the position sensor 312, the position sensor 312 will send a position signal to the excitation control power supply, and the excitation control power supply will change the current direction in the excitation coil on the right side of the motor, that is, the input of the forward excitation current is changed into the input of the reverse excitation current, so that the. The position sensor on the left side of the motor is arranged at the position of three points or nine points of the stator seat on the left side of the motor, the radial distance of the position sensor is the same as that of the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped permanent magnet, the two permanent magnets on the left side of the motor rotate to successively pass through the position sensor, if the tail end t3 of the front permanent magnet leaves the position sensor, the front end t4 of the rear permanent magnet reaches the position sensor, the position sensor can send a position signal to an excitation control power supply, and the excitation control power supply immediately changes the current direction in the excitation coil on the left side of the motor, namely, the input of reverse excitation current is changed into the input of forward excitation current, so that the magnetic polarity of the pole shoe of the. The center angle between the left motor position sensor SA and the right motor position sensor SB is ninety degrees, as shown in fig. 39.
The operation and control process of the motor of the embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 36, when the radial center lines of the two permanent magnet wires on the left side of the motor and the radial center line of the left-side excitation salient pole shoe wide part do not coincide, at the moment, forward excitation current is input at two ends of a0 and a 0', the excitation salient pole has an S polarity to the left end, a magnetic attraction effect is provided for the permanent magnet at the left end, the excitation salient pole has an N polarity to the right end, a magnetic attraction effect is provided for the permanent magnet at the right end, and a forward moment along the clockwise direction of the rotor is formed.
When the radial center lines of the two permanent magnet wires on the left side of the motor and the radial center line of the wide part of the pole shoe of the left excitation salient pole pair are in the overlapped position, as shown in the attached drawing 37, at the moment, the input excitation current at the two ends of A0 and A0' is zero, and the left end and the right end of the excitation salient pole pair have no magnetic polarity, so that the magnetic attraction effect on the permanent magnet is avoided. At the moment, reverse excitation current is input to two ends of the excitation coils B0 and B0' on the right side of the motor, two pole shoes of the excitation salient pole pair on the right side have magnetic attraction to two permanent magnets on the right side, and positive torque to a rotating shaft of the motor is kept.
When the radial center lines of two permanent magnet wires on the left side of the motor and the radial center line of the wide part of the pole shoe of the left excitation salient pole leave the coincident position, as shown in the attached drawing 38, at the moment, reverse excitation current is input at the two ends of A1 and A1', the excitation salient pole presents N polarity to the left end, and has magnetic repulsion effect on the permanent magnet at the left end, and meanwhile, the permanent magnet at the left end is also attracted by the pole S of the narrow part of the pole shoe at the right end, because the pole shoe at the right end is lapped by the permanent magnet at the right end, correspondingly, the excitation salient pole presents S polarity to the right end, and has magnetic repulsion effect on the permanent magnet at the right end, the permanent magnet at the right end is also attracted by the pole N. The permanent magnets at the left end and the right end are subjected to the magnetic acting force of 'forward suction and backward pushing' to form forward torque along the clockwise direction of the rotor.
Because the difference between the circle center angles of the connecting line of the radial center lines of the two permanent magnets on the left side of the motor and the connecting line of the radial center lines of the two permanent magnets on the right side of the motor is ninety degrees, the state shown in the figure 37 can alternately appear on the left side and the right side of the motor every time the motor rotor rotates ninety degrees, namely the radial center lines of the two permanent magnet lines and the radial center line of the wide part of the pole shoe of the excitation salient pole pair are in the coincident position. The left and right excitation coils of the motor alternately change the direction of input excitation current, so that a positive torque can be obtained on a motor rotating shaft all the time.
In the present embodiment, the excitation salient pole pair cores may also adopt the structures shown in fig. 6, fig. 7, and fig. 8, respectively. The iron core of the excitation salient pole pair is a whole, the excitation salient pole is arranged in a two-step staggered mode relative to the narrow part of the pole shoe of the iron core in the attached figure 6, the excitation salient pole is arranged in a three-step staggered mode relative to the narrow part of the pole shoe of the iron core in the attached figure 7, and the excitation salient pole is arranged in a slope staggered mode relative to the narrow part of the pole shoe of the iron core in the attached figure 8.
In this embodiment, a motor with excellent performance can be realized by adopting the parameter optimization design as described in the first embodiment.
The technical effect of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
Fourth embodiment, this embodiment is a permanent magnetism switched reluctance motor who is exclusively used in unmanned aerial vehicle, and its structural cross section is shown in fig. 41.
As shown in fig. 10, the iron core with the special-shaped arc-shaped pole pieces of this embodiment has two special-shaped arc-shaped pole pieces arranged left and right, the left and right special-shaped arc-shaped pole pieces are shaped as wide portions 40 and narrow portions 41, the narrow portions of the left special-shaped arc-shaped pole piece and the narrow portions of the right special-shaped arc-shaped pole piece are arranged in a staggered manner, a gap is formed between the narrow portions of the left and right pole pieces, and two groups of excitation coils are wound around the connecting portions 42 of the left.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 41, the outer rotor is composed of a rotor base, a rotor shaft 402, and six circular arc permanent magnets 406, where the rotor base is composed of a rotor base body 404, a rotor cover plate 403, and a rotor magnetic steel ring 405, the magnetic steel ring 405 is clamped at an outer edge of the rotor base body 404 to form a flange, the six circular arc permanent magnets 406 are tightly attached to an inner wall of the flange formed by the rotor base magnetic steel ring 405, and the rotor cover plate 403 is tightly attached to the rotor base body 404 from an axial direction. The magnetic polarity directions of the six arc-shaped permanent magnets are radial, the magnetic polarities of two adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnets are different, if the outer arc surface of one arc-shaped permanent magnet is an N pole, the inner arc surface is an S pole, the outer arc surface of the adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnet is an S pole, and the inner arc surface is an N pole.
In this embodiment, the motor stator is composed of an "X" shaped stator holder 410 and four excitation salient pole pairs, the excitation salient pole pairs a and a 'are arranged vertically symmetrically, and the excitation salient pole pairs B and B' are arranged laterally symmetrically. Two groups of excitation coils of the upper excitation salient pole pair are respectively connected in series with two groups of excitation coils of the lower excitation salient pole pair, and two groups of excitation coils of the left excitation salient pole pair are respectively connected in series with two groups of excitation coils of the right excitation salient pole pair. Air gaps exist between the arc surfaces of the pole shoes of the four excitation salient pole pairs and the arc surfaces of the six arc permanent magnets on the outer rotor. The four pairs of excitation salient poles are fixed with the X-shaped stator holder 410 by using a pressing plate. In this embodiment, the position sensor is a hall position sensor, and as shown in fig. 42, the difference between the center angle of the hall sensor Sa and the center angle of the hall sensor Sb is ninety degrees.
The operation and control process of the embodiment is as follows:
as shown in figure 42, when the rotor rotates to the characteristic position, namely when the radial center line of the wide part of the special-shaped pole shoe of the right excitation salient pole pair is superposed with the radial center lines of the arc-shaped permanent magnets I and II, and the radial center line of the wide part of the special-shaped pole shoe of the left excitation salient pole pair is superposed with the radial center lines of the arc-shaped permanent magnets IV and V, a Hall sensor Sb arranged on the stator seat is positioned on a central bisector of a gap between the two arc-shaped permanent magnets II and III, the Hall sensor Sb outputs an electric signal to an excitation control power supply, the excitation control power supply firstly turns off the forward current input before to enable the special-shaped pole shoe of the right excitation salient pole pair and the special-shaped pole shoe of the left excitation salient pole pair to lose magnetic polarity instantly, then the excitation control power supply changes the direction of the excitation current in the excitation coil of the right and left excitation salient poles, and the magnetic polarity changes. Thereafter, the motor enters the operating state shown in fig. 43. In the operating state, the upper and lower excitation salient poles input forward excitation current to the excitation coil, the upper and lower excitation salient poles have N polarity to the left pole shoe, the upper and lower excitation salient poles have S polarity to the right pole shoe, the left and right excitation salient poles input reverse excitation current to the excitation coil, the left and right excitation salient poles have S polarity to the upper pole shoe, and the upper and lower excitation salient poles have N polarity to the lower pole shoe. In the time period, the four excitation salient pole pairs and the six permanent magnets on the rotor have magnetic acting force, or magnetic attraction effect or magnetic repulsion effect, and positive rotating torque is formed until the state shown in the figure 44 appears.
As shown in fig. 44, when the radial center line of the wide portion of the special-shaped pole shoe of the upper excitation salient pole pair coincides with the radial center lines of the arc-shaped permanent magnets iv and v, the radial center line of the wide portion of the special-shaped pole shoe of the lower excitation salient pole pair coincides with the radial center lines of the arc-shaped permanent magnets ii and iii, and the hall sensor Sa is also positioned on the central bisector of the gap between the two arc-shaped permanent magnets vi and i, the hall sensor Sa outputs an electric signal to the excitation control power supply, so that the excitation control power supply changes the direction of the excitation current in the excitation coil of the upper and lower excitation salient pole pairs, and the upper excitation salient pole pair shows magnetic polarity again to the special-shaped pole shoe of the special-shaped pole shoe and. After that, the motor enters into the running state that the four excitation salient pole pairs and six permanent magnets on the rotor have magnetic acting force again. Until the state of the superposition position of the radial central line of the left and right excitation salient poles to the wide part of the special-shaped pole shoe and the radial central lines of other two arc-shaped permanent magnets occurs. It can be inferred that the state that the radial center line of the permanent magnet coincides with the radial center line of the wide part of the excitation salient pole pair occurs every fifteen degrees of rotation of the rotor.
In this embodiment, a motor with excellent performance can be realized by adopting the parameter optimization design as described in the first embodiment.
The technical effect of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.

Claims (13)

1. A permanent magnetic switch reluctance motor with a special-shaped pole shoe iron core comprises a motor base, a motor cover, a stator, a rotor, a position sensor and an excitation control power supply, wherein the stator consists of a stator seat and an excitation salient pole pair, the excitation salient pole pair is arranged and fixed on the stator seat in a balanced manner, the rotor consists of a rotor bracket and an even number of arc-shaped permanent magnets, the even number of arc-shaped permanent magnets are arranged on the rotor bracket in a balanced manner, the magnetic polarity directions of the arc-shaped permanent magnets are radial, the magnetic polarities of two adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnets are different, when the rotor rotates, the arc-shaped permanent magnets fixed on the rotor bracket can pass through the surfaces of the excitation salient poles of the arc-shaped salient poles on the stator seat, and air gaps exist between the arc-shaped permanent magnets and the: the excitation salient pole pair comprises a special-shaped pole shoe iron core and an excitation coil, wherein two salient pole arc-shaped pole shoes of the special-shaped pole shoe iron core are respectively composed of a pole shoe wide part and a pole shoe narrow part, the pole shoe narrow parts of the adjacent two excitation salient pole pair special-shaped pole shoe iron cores on the stator seat are arranged in a mutually staggered mode, and a gap exists between the pole shoe narrow parts of the adjacent two excitation salient pole pair special-shaped pole shoe iron cores.
2. A permanent magnet switched reluctance motor having a profiled pole piece core as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the range of the gap between the pole shoe narrow parts of the special-shaped pole shoe iron core of the two adjacent excitation salient pole pairs is 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm.
3. A permanent magnet switched reluctance motor having a profiled pole piece core as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the arc length of the arc-shaped permanent magnet on the rotor is equal to or less than that of the special-shaped pole shoe iron core and is equal to or more than that of the wide part of the special-shaped pole shoe iron core.
4. A permanent magnet switched reluctance motor having a profiled pole piece core as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the excitation salient pole pair comprises a C-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core and an excitation coil, two salient poles of the C-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core are arc-shaped pole shoes, each arc-shaped pole shoe comprises three parts, a pole shoe wide part is arranged in the center, pole shoe narrow parts extend from the pole shoe wide part to two sides, the pole shoe narrow parts of the same C-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core are distributed on the same straight line or not distributed on the same straight line, and the geometry of the C-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core narrow parts is stepped and slope-shaped.
5. The permanent magnet switched reluctance motor having a profiled pole piece core of claim 4 wherein: the two stator seats are arranged oppositely in the axial direction, the two stator seats are fixed with a motor housing, six cavity bodies are arranged on the inner sides of the two stator seats respectively, the six cavity bodies are symmetrically and symmetrically arranged by taking the axis of a motor rotating shaft as a center, the six cavity bodies are connected by a closed annular cavity, six independent excitation salient pole pairs are fixed in the cavity bodies respectively, and are sealed in the cavity bodies by high-heat-conductivity colloid encapsulation and solidification to form a solid-state heat conductor, the rotor is composed of a rotor support and eight permanent magnets, the rotor support is of a bilateral cantilever structure, four arc-shaped permanent magnets are fixed on two sides of a cantilever of the rotor support respectively, the magnetic polarity directions of the four arc-shaped permanent magnets are radial, the magnetic polarities of the two adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnets are different, and when the rotor rotates, the arc-shaped permanent magnets fixed on two sides of the cantilever of the rotor support can pass through arc-shaped gaps between two pole shoe- And then the mixture is processed.
6. The permanent magnet switched reluctance motor having a profiled pole piece core of claim 4 wherein: the circle center angle corresponding to the arc length of the outer surface of the arc-shaped permanent magnet on the rotor is slightly smaller than the circle center angle corresponding to the arc length of the inner surface of the arc-shaped permanent magnet; the arc length of the inner surface of the circular arc permanent magnet is less than or equal to the arc length of the special-shaped pole shoe of the C-shaped iron core, the arc length of the wide part of the special-shaped pole shoe of the C-shaped iron core is greater than or equal to the arc length of the wide part of the special-shaped pole shoe of the C-shaped iron core, two side surfaces of the circular arc permanent magnet are provided with positioning pin holes, two axial sides of the rotor support are respectively provided with four limiting blocks, the circle center angle corresponding to the arc length of the outer circular arc surface of each limiting block is slightly larger than the circle center angle corresponding to the arc length of the inner circular arc surface of each limiting block, the circular arc permanent magnet can be just embedded between the two limiting blocks in the axial direction, the chamfer angle of each limiting block is matched with the chamfer angle.
7. The permanent magnet switched reluctance motor having a profiled pole piece core of claim 4 wherein: two excitation salient poles at opposite angles are connected in series or in parallel with the excitation coils and are respectively supplied with power by a three-phase power supply, three position sensors are arranged on the stator seat in a one-hundred-twenty degree manner, the radial distance between the three position sensors and the rotating shaft line of the motor is equal to the radial distance between the outer arc surface or the inner arc surface of the permanent magnet on the rotor and the rotating shaft line of the motor, that is, when the rotor rotates, the edge of one side of the outer arc surface or the inner arc surface of the permanent magnet on the rotor passes by the position sensor, the distance between the sensing surface of the position sensor fixed on the stator seat and the edge of one side of the permanent magnet on the rotor is 2 mm to 5 mm, the central angle position of the position sensor on the stator seat meets the following conditions, namely when the radial central line of a certain permanent magnet on the rotor is coincident with the radial central line of a certain excitation salient pole pair pole shoe iron core on the stator, at this moment, a position sensor is always arranged on a bisector of the gap width between two adjacent permanent magnets.
8. A permanent magnet switched reluctance motor having a profiled pole piece core as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the excitation salient pole pair consists of a U-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core and an excitation coil, two salient poles of the U-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core are arc-shaped pole shoes, each arc-shaped pole shoe consists of three parts, a pole shoe wide part is positioned in the center, pole shoe narrow parts extend from the pole shoe wide part to two sides, and the pole shoe narrow parts of the same U-shaped special-shaped pole shoe iron core are distributed on the same straight line or not distributed on the same straight line; the geometry of the narrow part of the U-shaped special pole shoe iron core is step-shaped and slope-shaped.
9. A permanent magnet switched reluctance motor having a profiled pole piece core as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the stator is composed of a stator seat and six excitation salient pole pairs, the stator seat is provided with six cavity bodies which are symmetrically and uniformly arranged by taking the axis of a rotating shaft of the motor as a center, the six cavity bodies are connected by a closed annular cavity, the six independent excitation salient pole pairs are respectively fixed in the cavity bodies and are sealed in the cavity bodies by high-heat-conductivity glue in an encapsulating and curing mode to form a solid-state heat conductor, each excitation salient pole pair is composed of a U-shaped special-shaped pole-shoe iron core and an excitation coil, two salient poles of the U-shaped special-shaped pole-shoe iron core are arc-shaped pole shoes, each arc-shaped pole shoe is composed of three parts, the part positioned in the center and extending from the two sides of the wide part of the pole shoe is a narrow part, the narrow parts of the pole shoes of the U-shaped special-shaped pole-shoe iron core of the, The magnetic conduction cylinder is fixed on the rotor bracket, four arc permanent magnets are in a group and are arranged on the inner wall of the magnetic conduction cylinder at equal intervals, the eight arc permanent magnets form two permanent magnet loops, the interval between the two permanent magnet loops is equal to the interval between two salient poles of the U-shaped iron core special-shaped pole shoe, the magnetic polarities of the arc permanent magnets are radial, the magnetic polarities of any two adjacent arc permanent magnets are different, namely the magnetic polarities of the two adjacent arc permanent magnets on the same loop are different, the magnetic polarities of the two adjacent arc permanent magnets on different loops are also different, the arc length of the inner surface of each arc permanent magnet is less than or equal to the arc length of the U-shaped iron core special-shaped pole shoe and is more than or equal to the arc length of the U-shaped iron core special-shaped pole shoe special-shaped wide part, when the rotor rotates, the two groups of permanent magnets on the inner wall of the magnetic conduction cylinder, an air gap exists between the inner surface of the arc-shaped permanent magnet and the surface of the arc-shaped pole shoe salient pole.
10. A permanent magnet switched reluctance motor having a profiled pole piece core as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the excitation salient pole pair is only provided with two special-shaped pole shoe salient poles, the circle center angle between the radial center lines of the two special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe iron cores is one hundred eighty degrees, the center part of each special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe iron core is a pole shoe wide part, pole shoe narrow parts extend from the pole shoe wide part to two ends of each special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe iron core are pole shoe narrow parts, the two special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe iron core pole shoe narrow parts are arranged in a staggered mode, a gap exists between the two special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe iron core pole.
11. A permanent magnet switched reluctance motor having a profiled pole piece core as claimed in claim 10, wherein: the stator seat is divided into a left side stator seat and a right side stator seat, one excitation salient pole pair is fixed in the left side stator seat, one excitation salient pole pair is also fixed in the right side stator seat, the two excitation salient pole pairs are completely identical in structure and are symmetrically arranged, two groups of excitation coils are respectively wound outside two connecting parts of the unilateral excitation salient pole pair, which are associated with the two special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoes, the upper excitation coil and the lower excitation coil on the left side of the connecting part are connected in series, and the upper excitation coil and the lower excitation coil on the right side of the connecting part are connected in series; the rotor support is of a bilateral cantilever structure, two arc-shaped permanent magnets are fixed on the radial inner surfaces of cantilevers on the left side and the right side of the rotor support, the magnetic polarity directions of the two permanent magnets are radial, the magnetic polarities of the two permanent magnets are different, in addition, the connecting line of the radial central points of the two permanent magnets fixed on the left side of a cantilever of the rotor support is in the vertical direction, and the connecting line of the radial central points of the two permanent magnets fixed on the right side of the cantilever of the rotor support is in the horizontal direction; when the two arc-shaped permanent magnets on one side successively pass through the position sensor, the position sensor outputs an electric signal to an excitation control power supply, so that the excitation control power supply changes the direction of excitation current in the excitation coil by the excitation salient poles on the side.
12. A permanent magnet switched reluctance motor having a profiled pole piece core as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the excitation salient pole pair is composed of a special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe iron core and two groups of excitation coils, the special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe iron core is provided with two special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoes which are arranged on the left and the right, the left special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe is divided into a wide part and a narrow part, the right special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe is also divided into a wide part and a narrow part, the narrow part of the left special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe and the narrow part of the right special-shaped arc-shaped pole shoe are arranged in a.
13. A permanent magnet switched reluctance motor having a profiled pole piece core as claimed in claim 12, wherein: the stator is composed of a stator seat and excitation salient pole pairs, the stator seat is an X-shaped support, four excitation salient pole pairs are arranged and fixed at the upper, lower, left and right vacant positions of the X-shaped support, two groups of excitation coils of the upper excitation salient pole pair are respectively connected with two groups of excitation coils of the lower excitation salient pole pair in series, two groups of excitation coils of the left excitation salient pole pair are respectively connected with two groups of excitation coils of the right excitation salient pole pair in series, the outer edge lines of eight iron core pole shoes of the four excitation salient pole pairs are concentric circles, the central angle corresponding to the arc surface of the arc pole shoe iron core of the excitation salient pole pair is about twenty-eight degrees, and the central angle corresponding to the radial center line of the two pole shoes of the same excitation salient pole pair is sixty degrees; the outer rotor is composed of a rotor seat, a rotor shaft and permanent magnets, a magnetic conductive steel ring is clamped at the outer edge of a rotor seat body to form a flanging, six arc-shaped permanent magnets cling to the inner wall of the flanging of the rotor seat, the magnetic polarity directions of the six arc-shaped permanent magnets are radial, the magnetic polarities of two adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnets are different, one end of the rotor shaft is fixed with the center of the rotor seat, the other end of the rotor shaft penetrates through the center hole of an X-shaped bracket of the stator seat and is rotatably connected with the stator seat through a ball bearing, in addition, the middle part of the rotor shaft is provided with a radial positioning ball bearing, and the end part of the rotor shaft is also provided with; the position sensors are two Hall sensors, the two Hall sensors are fixed on the stator seat, the two Hall sensors form a ninety-degree central angle with each other, the radial distance of the position sensors is the same as the radial distance of the inner cambered surface of the arc-shaped permanent magnet, when the radial central line of the wide part of the upper and lower excitation salient poles pair special-shaped pole shoes is superposed with the radial central line of the arc-shaped permanent magnet, one Hall sensor arranged on the stator seat is just positioned on the central bisector of the gap between the two arc-shaped permanent magnets, when the two arc-shaped permanent magnets pass through the Hall sensors in sequence, the Hall sensors output electric signals to an excitation control power supply, the excitation control power supply changes the direction of excitation current in the excitation coils of the upper and lower excitation salient poles pair, and when the radial central line of the left and right salient poles pair special-shaped pole, and when the two arc permanent magnets pass through the Hall sensor in sequence, the Hall sensor outputs an electric signal to an excitation control power supply, so that the excitation control power supply changes the direction of excitation current in the excitation coil by the left excitation salient pole and the right excitation salient pole.
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