CN111063720B - Display panel and display device - Google Patents
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- CN111063720B CN111063720B CN201911401767.4A CN201911401767A CN111063720B CN 111063720 B CN111063720 B CN 111063720B CN 201911401767 A CN201911401767 A CN 201911401767A CN 111063720 B CN111063720 B CN 111063720B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/854—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising scattering means
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a display panel and a display device. The display area of the display panel comprises a first display area and a second display area; a substrate; the display layer comprises a pixel defining layer and a plurality of light emitting devices, a first light emitting device positioned in the first display area comprises a first anode, a second light emitting device positioned in the second display area comprises a second anode, and the light transmittance of the first anode is greater than that of the second anode; the state switching layer is positioned on one side of the display layer, which is far away from the display surface of the display panel, the state switching layer is overlapped with the first light-emitting device, and the light transmittance of the state switching layer in the first state is smaller than that of the state switching layer in the second state; the optical element is positioned on one side of the state switching layer, which is far away from the display layer; the light homogenizing structure layer is positioned between the state switching layer and the optical element and is used for diffusing the light emitted by the state switching layer. The invention can improve the light quantity received by the optical element, improve the problem of uneven light quantity after light penetrates through the first display area, and improve the imaging quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a display panel and a display device.
Background
With the development of display technology, people not only require smooth use experience for electronic products, but also increasingly require visual experience, and the high screen ratio becomes the direction of current research. For electronic products, the arrangement of optical elements such as a front camera inevitably occupies a certain space, thereby affecting the screen ratio. In order to achieve a truly comprehensive screen, researchers consider the implementation of the optical elements under the screen.
The optical element such as a camera is arranged below the light-emitting device of the display panel, namely the optical element is arranged in the display area, the position of the optical element can be normally displayed, and when the optical element is required to be used, light penetrates through the display panel to reach the optical element and is finally utilized by the optical element. The evaluation of the current arrangement scheme of the optical element under the screen shows that the imaging of the optical element under the screen is very fuzzy and is difficult to meet the requirements of users.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a display panel and a display device, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, imaging of an optical element under a screen is very fuzzy and user requirements are difficult to meet.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a display panel, where the display panel includes a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area, the display area includes a first display area and a second display area, and the display panel includes: a substrate;
a display layer over the substrate, the display layer including a pixel defining layer and a plurality of light emitting devices, the pixel defining layer for spacing adjacent light emitting devices;
the light emitting device comprises a cathode, a light emitting layer and an anode which are sequentially stacked, the light emitting device comprises a first light emitting device and a second light emitting device, the first light emitting device comprises a first anode, the second light emitting device comprises a second anode, the light transmittance of the first anode is greater than that of the second anode, the plurality of first light emitting devices are located in the first display area, and the plurality of second light emitting devices are located in the second display area;
the state switching layer is positioned on one side of the display layer, which is far away from the display surface of the display panel, is positioned in the first display area, is overlapped with the first light-emitting device in the direction vertical to the substrate, and can be switched between a first state and a second state, wherein the light transmittance of the state switching layer in the first state is smaller than that in the second state;
the optical element is positioned on one side of the state switching layer, which is far away from the display layer, and is positioned in the first display area;
and the light homogenizing structure layer is positioned between the state switching layer and the optical element and positioned in the first display area, and is used for diffusing the light emitted by the state switching layer.
Based on the same inventive concept, in a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a display device, including the display panel provided in any embodiment of the present invention.
The display panel and the display device provided by the embodiment of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
through the mutual matching of the state switching layer and the light emitting of the first light emitting device, when the optical element is not used, the state switching layer is switched to the first state, the first light emitting device emits light normally, the first display area displays the light normally, and the display panel displays the light on a full screen; when the optical element is used, the first light-emitting device does not emit light, the state switching layer is switched to the second state, ambient light can sequentially penetrate through the first light-emitting device and the state switching layer to be utilized by the optical element, and the total light quantity received by the optical element can be obviously improved compared with the related art. In addition, a light-homogenizing structure layer is additionally arranged between the state switching layer and the optical element, and the light-homogenizing structure layer can disperse the light emitted by the state switching layer, so that the problem of uneven light quantity after ambient light penetrates through the first display area can be solved, the difference between imaging details and real details is reduced, and the imaging quality is improved. The embodiment of the invention does not need to perform difference design on the sub-pixel density of the first display area and the sub-pixel density of the second display area, and can ensure that the resolution of the picture is the same when the display panel displays the picture.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a display panel according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment taken at line A-A' of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of a light-homogenizing structure layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation of a filling structure in a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of a portion of another alternative embodiment of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic top view of a portion of an alternative embodiment of a light homogenizing structure layer in a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic view of a display device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the examples of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In a conventional display panel, one electrode of a light emitting device is usually made into a reflective electrode to improve the light extraction efficiency of the light emitting device, so that the light transmittance at the position of the light emitting device in a display area is very low. Ambient light can only be received by the optical element after the display panel is penetrated by the spacing region between adjacent light emitting devices. Therefore, in the related art, the amount of light that can be received by the optical element is limited, affecting the optical performance of the optical element.
Based on the problems in the related art, embodiments of the present invention provide a display panel and a display device, which improve the structure of the display panel in the corresponding region of the optical element to improve the total light amount that can be received by the optical element during application, and simultaneously improve the uniformity of the light that penetrates through the display panel and then is emitted to the optical element, thereby improving the optical performance of the optical element.
An embodiment of the invention provides a display panel, fig. 1 is a schematic view of the display panel provided by the embodiment of the invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment at a position of a tangent line a-a' in fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the display panel includes a display area AA including a first display area AA1 and a second display area AA2, and a non-display area BA surrounding the display area AA. The second display area AA2 surrounding the first display area AA1 in fig. 1 is only illustrated. Alternatively, the second display area AA2 may partially surround the first display area AA 1. The shape of the first display area AA1 may be any shape such as a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a polygon, etc., and may be designed according to actual requirements.
As shown in fig. 2, the display panel includes: a substrate 101;
a display layer 102 on the substrate 101, the display layer 102 including a pixel defining layer PDL for spacing adjacent light emitting devices P and a plurality of light emitting devices P;
the light emitting device P includes a cathode a, a light emitting layer b, and an anode stacked in this order, and optionally, the light emitting device P further includes: one or more layers of a hole injection layer, an electron injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, and a hole blocking layer. The light emitting device includes a first light emitting device P1 and a second light emitting device P2, the first light emitting device P1 includes a first anode c1, the second light emitting device P2 includes a second anode c2, a light transmittance of the first anode c1 is greater than a light transmittance of the second anode c2, the plurality of first light emitting devices P1 are located in the first display area AA1, and the plurality of second light emitting devices P2 are located in the second display area AA 2;
the state switching layer 103 is located on a side of the display layer 102 away from the display surface of the display panel, which is a side of the display panel displaying the image, and is located in the first display area AA 1. In the direction e perpendicular to the substrate, the state-switching layer 103 overlaps the first light-emitting device P1, the state-switching layer 103 being capable of switching between a first state and a second state, wherein the light transmittance of the state-switching layer 103 in the first state is smaller than the light transmittance thereof in the second state;
the optical element 104 is located on the side of the state switching layer 103 away from the display layer 102, and is located in the first display area AA 1. The optical element 104 may be a camera or may also be an optical sensor. Fig. 2 illustrates only the optical element 104 on the side of the substrate 101 close to the state-switching layer 103. In another embodiment, the optical element may also be located on a side of the substrate remote from the state-switching layer.
The light uniformizing structure layer 105 is located between the state switching layer 103 and the optical element 104 and located in the first display area AA1, and the light uniformizing structure layer 105 is used for diffusing the light emitted from the state switching layer 103.
As illustrated in fig. 2, the display panel further includes an encapsulation structure 106, and the encapsulation structure 106 is located on a side of the display layer 103 away from the array layer 102. The packaging structure 106 may be a film package, the packaging structure 106 includes at least one organic packaging layer and at least one inorganic packaging layer, and the packaging structure 106 can block water and oxygen to prevent the light emitting device P in the display layer 103 from being damaged by water and oxygen, thereby ensuring the service life of the light emitting device P.
The application of the display panel provided in the embodiment of the present invention is described by taking the optical element 104 as a camera as an example. When the camera is not activated, the second light emitting device P2 in the second display area AA2 normally emits light while controlling the state switching layer 103 to the first state. Although the light transmittance of the state-switching layer 103 in the first state is low, and the light transmittance of the first anode c1 of the first light-emitting device P1 is greater than that of the second anode c2 of the second light-emitting device P2, because the light transmittance of the state-switching layer 103 in the first state is low, a part of light emitted by the first light-emitting device P1 penetrates through the first anode c1, and then the quantity of light which can penetrate through the state-switching layer 103 is relatively small. Most of the light emitted from the first light emitting device P1 still exits from the cathode a, so the first light emitting device P1 in the first display area AA1 can emit light normally, and full-screen display can be realized. When the camera is turned on, the second light emitting device P2 in the second display area AA2 emits light normally, controls the first light emitting device P1 in the first display area AA1 not to emit light, and switches the state switching layer 103 to the second state. The light transmittance of the state-switching layer 103 in the second state is high, and the light transmittance of the first anode c1 of the first light emitting device P1 is greater than that of the second anode c2 of the second light emitting device P2 in the embodiment of the present invention, when the first light emitting device P1 does not emit light, the first light emitting device P1 has a certain light transmittance, that is, the ambient light can be utilized by the camera after the light transmission region between two adjacent first light emitting devices P1 penetrates through part of the film layers of the display panel, and the ambient light can penetrate through the state switching layer 103 after penetrating through the first light-emitting device P1, and is finally utilized by the camera, at this moment, the area where the first light-emitting device P1 is located is also a light-transmitting area, which is equivalent to most of the area of the first display area AA1, which is a light-transmitting area, so that the light quantity received by the camera under the screen can be obviously improved, and the shooting performance of the camera in the scheme of the camera under the screen is improved.
According to the display panel provided by the embodiment of the invention, through the mutual matching of the state switching layer and the light emitting of the first light emitting device, when an optical element is not used, the state switching layer is switched to the first state, the first light emitting device emits light normally, the first display area displays normally, and the display panel displays on a full screen; when the optical element is used, the first light-emitting device does not emit light, the state switching layer is switched to the second state, the ambient light can sequentially penetrate through the first light-emitting device and the state switching layer to be utilized by the optical element, and compared with the related art, the total light quantity received by the optical element can be obviously improved.
In addition, the light transmittance at the position of the pixel definition layer in the first display area is different from that at the position of the first light-emitting device, and the problem of uneven light transmittance exists when ambient light penetrates through the first display area. Taking an optical element as an example of a camera, when an object with high requirements for details is shot, the phenomenon of uneven light transmission can affect the difference of the light quantity of light rays reflected by different detailed parts of the object after penetrating through the first display area, so that the difference between imaging details and real details is caused, and the imaging quality is affected. In the embodiment of the invention, the light homogenizing structure layer is additionally arranged between the state switching layer and the optical element, and the light homogenizing structure layer can disperse the light emitted by the state switching layer, so that the problem of uneven light quantity after ambient light penetrates through the first display area can be solved, the difference between imaging details and real details is reduced, and the imaging quality is improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, the sub-pixel density of the first display area is the same as that of the second display area. Through the mutual matching of the state switching layer and the light emitting of the first light emitting device, when the optical element is used, the ambient light can sequentially penetrate through the first light emitting device and the state switching layer to be utilized by the optical element, the optical element can receive enough light quantity, and the service performance of the optical element is ensured. Meanwhile, the difference design of the sub-pixel density of the first display area and the sub-pixel density of the second display area is not needed, and the resolution of the picture can be ensured to be the same when the display panel displays the picture.
Continuing with the above-described fig. 2, the light uniforming structure layer 105 includes a plurality of concave lenses W, the concave surfaces of which are recessed toward the side of the optical element 104 by the state-switching layer 103. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation principle of the light uniformizing structure layer according to the embodiment of the invention. As illustrated in fig. 3, when the state-switching layer 103 is in the second state, part of the light can sequentially penetrate through the pixel defining layer PDL and the state-switching layer 103 and then be emitted from the state-switching layer toward the light unifying structure layer 105, while part of the light can sequentially penetrate through the first light emitting device P1 and the state-switching layer 103 and then be emitted from the state-switching layer toward the light unifying structure layer 105. Under the emission action of the concave lens W in the light uniformizing structure layer 105 on light, part of light emitted through the pixel definition layer PDL changes the light path and then emits the light to the position of the optical element 104 corresponding to the first light emitting device P1, and meanwhile, part of light emitted through the first light emitting device P1 changes the light path and then emits the light to the position of the optical element 104 corresponding to the pixel definition layer PDL, so that the light can be diffused, the problem of uneven light transmission of the first display area is solved, and the optical performance of the optical element is improved.
In one embodiment, the plurality of concave lenses are arranged in an array in the light uniformizing structure layer. The concave lens array can be manufactured by an etching process or an embossing process. Optionally, the diameter of the concave lens is d, wherein d is more than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 100 μm. The magnitude of the size of the concave lens in the embodiment of the invention is micron order, and the light penetrating through the state switching layer can be properly dispersed.
Further, fig. 4 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another alternative implementation of the display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating an operation principle of a filling structure in a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, which only illustrates a part of the first display region, the display panel further comprises a filling structure 108, the filling structure 108 being located in the concave surface of the concave lens; the refractive index of the filling structure 108 is n2, the refractive index of the state-switching layer 103 is n1, and the refractive index of the light homogenizing structure layer 105 is n3, wherein n2> n1> n 3. The light paths in fig. 5 are only schematically shown. According to the law of refraction, n1 × sin θ 1 ═ n2 × sin θ 2, and n2 × sin θ 3 ═ n3 × sin θ 4. The refractive index that sets up filling structure is greater than the refractive index of state switching layer, and ambient light jets into filling structure by state switching layer, also by light sparse medium directive optically dense medium, can reduce the reflectivity of ambient light on the interface of filling structure and state switching layer, and corresponding promotion ambient light jets into the luminousness of filling structure by state switching layer, also can increase the light extraction efficiency that ambient light pierces through state switching layer to can further increase the light volume that optical element received. Meanwhile, the refractive index of the filling structure is larger than that of the dodging structure layer, so that the refraction angle is larger when light penetrates through the interface of the filling structure and the dodging structure layer, and the diffusion effect of the light is further improved.
Further, fig. 6 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another alternative implementation of the display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, the fill structures 108 include a first fill structure 108A and a second fill structure 108B; in the first display region, the orthographic projection of the first filling structure 108A on the substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer PDL on the substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of the second filling structure 108B on the substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first light emitting device P1 on the substrate 101; wherein the refractive index of the first filling structure 108A is greater than the refractive index of the second filling structure 108B. It should be noted that the direction of the first filling structure, the pixel definition layer PDL, or the orthographic projection of the first light emitting device P1 to the substrate 101 is parallel to the direction perpendicular to the substrate 101, only the direction e perpendicular to the substrate 101 is illustrated in the figure, and the orthographic projection of the first filling structure 108A on the substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the pixel definition layer PDL on the substrate 101, that is, in the direction e perpendicular to the substrate 101, the first filling structure 108A overlaps with the pixel definition layer PDL. For the same reason, the second filling structure 108B overlaps the first light emitting device P1 in the direction e perpendicular to the substrate 101. In the drawing, the number of concave lenses overlapping with the pixel defining layer between two adjacent first light emitting devices is only schematically shown, and the number of concave lenses overlapping with one first light emitting device is also only schematically shown. The refractive index of the first filling structure is greater than that of the second filling structure, so that the light extraction efficiency on the interface between the first filling structure and the state switching layer is greater than that on the interface between the second filling structure and the state switching layer, and therefore the difference of the transmittance of the pixel defining layer and the first light-emitting device to light can be balanced, the problem of uneven light quantity after the light penetrates through the first display area is further solved, and the imaging quality of the optical element is improved.
Further, in an embodiment, fig. 7 is a schematic partial top view of another alternative implementation of the display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, the plurality of concave lenses includes a first concave lens W1; in the first display area AA1, a front projection of the PDL on the substrate 101 by the pixel defining layer between two adjacent first light emitting devices P1 overlaps with a front projection of the first concave lens W1 on the substrate 101, wherein a width of the front projection of the PDL on the substrate by the pixel defining layer between two adjacent first light emitting devices P1 is d1, a diameter of the front projection of the first concave lens W1 on the substrate is d2, and d2 ≧ d 1. The figure is only partially simplified to illustrate the relationship between the width of the pixel defining layer and the diameter of the first concave lens. When the display panel is viewed from a top view, the pixel definition layer PDL coincides with its orthographic projection on the substrate, and the first concave lens W1 overlaps with its orthographic projection on the substrate, so the projection is not labeled in fig. 7. The pixel defining layer is used to space adjacent light emitting devices, so that a region between two adjacent light emitting devices as illustrated in fig. 7 is a region where the pixel defining layer PDL is located. In this embodiment, after the filling structure 108 is disposed in the concave surface of the first concave lens W1, it can be ensured that the contact interface area between the filling structure 108 and the state switching layer is larger at the position corresponding to the pixel definition layer PDL, so as to improve the light extraction efficiency of the region corresponding to the pixel definition layer, further balance the difference in transmittance of the pixel definition layer and the first light emitting device to light, improve the problem of uneven light quantity after light penetrates the first display region, and improve the imaging quality of the optical element.
In one embodiment, the light emitting devices of different colors within the display area are different in size, and the width of the pixel definition layer may also be different between different light emitting devices. In actual manufacturing, in the first display area, the size of the first concave lens overlapped with the pixel definition layer can be designed according to the specific width of the pixel definition layer.
In an embodiment, fig. 8 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of another alternative implementation of a display panel according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 8, the concave surface of the concave lens W has a plurality of micro-diffusion structures TK. The micro-diffusion structure TK increases the roughness of the concave surface of the concave lens W, has the function of diffusing light, can improve the diffusion effect of the concave lens W on the light, enhances the diffusion effect on the light, effectively reduces the light transmittance difference of the corresponding positions of the pixel definition layer and the first light-emitting device in the first display area, improves the problem of uneven light transmittance of the first display area, and improves the optical performance of the optical element.
The micro-diffusion structure may be a protrusion or a depression in the concave surface, and the specific shape of the micro-diffusion structure is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention, and may be any structure capable of increasing the roughness of the concave surface of the concave lens.
In an embodiment, fig. 9 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of another alternative implementation of a display panel according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 9, the plurality of concave lenses includes a first concave lens W1 and a second concave lens W2; in the first display area AA1, a front projection of the pixel defining layer PDL on the substrate 101 between the adjacent two first light emitting devices P1 overlaps with a front projection of the first concave lens W1 on the substrate 101; an orthogonal projection of the first light emitting device P1 on the substrate 101 overlaps an orthogonal projection of the second concave lens W2 on the substrate 101; in the direction e perpendicular to the substrate, the height of the first concave lens is h1, the height of the second concave lens is h2, and h2 is more than or equal to h1 and less than or equal to 2h 2. As in the corresponding embodiment of fig. 6, the projection direction of the orthographic projection onto the substrate is parallel to the direction e perpendicular to the substrate. A front projection of the pixel defining layer PDL between the adjacent two first light emitting devices P1 on the substrate 101 overlaps with a front projection of the first concave lens W1 on the substrate 101, that is, in the direction perpendicular to the substrate direction e, the pixel defining layer PDL between the adjacent two first light emitting devices P1 overlaps with the first concave lens W1; the orthogonal projection of the first light emitting device P1 on the substrate 101 overlaps with the orthogonal projection of the second concave lens W2 on the substrate 101, that is, in the perpendicular-to-substrate direction e, the first light emitting device P1 overlaps with the second concave lens W2. The height of the first concave lens is larger than the height of the second concave lens as illustrated in the figure. Taking the optical path illustrated in the figure as an example, at the position where the first concave lens and the second concave lens are adjacent, part of the light rays emitted into the second concave lens of the light uniformizing structure layer by the first light emitting device and the state switching layer will be emitted into the first concave lens again after being refracted, and after the light is diverged by the second concave lens, the lateral distance between the position emitted by the light uniformizing structure layer and the position emitted into the light uniformizing structure layer becomes larger finally. Thereby after the combined action of second concave lens and first concave lens, realize many times refraction and change the light path, can disperse the light that first light emitting device corresponds the position to being closer to the position that pixel definition layer corresponds more, thereby further strengthen the effect of dispersing of even light structural layer to light, reduce the transmittance difference after light penetrates pixel definition layer corresponding position and first light emitting device corresponding position, improve the inhomogeneous problem of first display area printing opacity, promote optical element's optical property. In addition, in this embodiment, the setting of h1 ≤ 2h2 avoids the excessive height of the first concave lens, which results in the excessive thickness of the uniform optical structure layer, and also avoids the excessive height of the first concave lens, which results in the excessive diffusion of light, which adversely affects the performance of the optical element. In addition, in this embodiment, only the concave lenses at the positions corresponding to the pixel defining layer and the first light emitting device are designed differently, and the concave lenses at the positions corresponding to the first light emitting device can be designed with uniform height, so that the design is relatively simple, and the manufacturing process of the light uniformizing structure layer can be simplified.
In an embodiment, fig. 10 is a schematic partial top view of an alternative implementation of a light equalizing structure layer in a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of another alternative implementation of a display panel according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 10, the plurality of concave lenses includes third concave lenses W3 and fourth concave lenses W4, and the third concave lenses W3 and the fourth concave lenses W4 are alternately arranged in a concave lens array in the light uniforming structure layer. With continued reference to FIG. 11, in the direction e perpendicular to the substrate 101, the height of the third concave lens W3 is h3, the height of the fourth concave lens W4 is h4, h4< h3 ≦ 2h 4; the light paths are only schematically shown in the figure. Through the alternative arrangement of the third concave lens and the fourth concave lens, after partial light rays pass through the combined action of the fourth concave lens and the third concave lens, multiple refraction is achieved to change the light path (the principle of the combined action of the first concave lens and the second concave lens is understood), and the divergence effect of the light ray by the uniform light structure layer is further enhanced. This embodiment not only can strengthen the effect of dispersing of the light of the adjacent position corresponding region of first light emitting device and pixel definition layer, can also strengthen the effect of dispersing of the light that is ejected by first light emitting device central zone and state switching layer in proper order, and the holistic homogeneity of the light by the even light structure layer directive optical element is good, effectively improves the inhomogeneous problem of first display area printing opacity, promotes optical element's optical property.
In an embodiment, fig. 12 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of another alternative implementation of a display panel according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 12, the display panel further includes a light guide bar SS, the pixel definition layer PDL in the first display region has a through hole, the through hole penetrates through the pixel definition layer PDL in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 101, and the light guide bar SS is disposed in the through hole; the light transmittance of the light guide bar SS is greater than that of the pixel defining layer PDL. In the panel manufacturing process, after the pixel definition layer is manufactured, the pixel definition layer needs to be etched to form an opening, and then organic film layers such as a light emitting layer and the like are evaporated at the position of the opening. The via holes and the openings of the pixel definition layer in this embodiment can be formed in the same process. And then filling a material with high light transmittance in the through hole to form the light guide column. The light transmittance of the area between two adjacent first light-emitting devices can be improved, so that the difference of the light transmittance of the corresponding area of the pixel definition layer and the corresponding area of the first light-emitting devices is reduced, then the light is diffused through the light-homogenizing structure layer, and the problem of uneven light transmittance of the first display area is further improved.
Further, fig. 13 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another alternative implementation of the display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 13, the refractive index of the light guide bar SS is larger than the refractive index of the pixel defining layer PDL. The light guide column and the pixel definition layer surrounding the light guide column form a structure similar to an optical fiber, when light with a certain angle is absorbed into the light guide column, the light can be absorbed into the state switching layer after being subjected to multiple total reflections in the light guide column, and the part of light basically has no light loss when penetrating through the light guide column. The transmittance of light penetrating through the area between two adjacent first light-emitting devices can be further improved, the difference of the light transmittance of the corresponding area of the pixel definition layer and the corresponding area of the first light-emitting devices is reduced, then the light is diffused through the light-homogenizing structure layer, and the problem of uneven light transmission of the first display area is further improved.
In an embodiment, in the display panel provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the state switching layer has a reflective effect on light in the first state. When the first display area displays normally, the state switching layer is switched to the first state, the light transmittance of the first anode of the first light-emitting device is larger than that of the second anode of the second light-emitting device, and the light quantity of light emitted by the first light-emitting device and penetrating through the first anode is larger than that of light emitted by the second light-emitting device and penetrating through the second anode. The state switching layer has a reflection effect on light in the first state, the state switching layer can reflect light penetrating through the first anode, and reflected light can penetrate through the first anode again and then is emitted by the cathode through the state switching layer, so that the light emitting efficiency of the first light emitting device is improved, the light emitting efficiency of the first light emitting device is approximately the same as that of the second light emitting device, the brightness of the first display area and the brightness of the second display area are approximately the same, the display uniformity is improved, and the display split screen phenomenon is avoided.
In one embodiment, the first anode is a transparent anode and the second anode is a reflective anode. Optionally, the first anode is made of a material including one or more of a metal, a metal alloy, a metal oxide, and a conductive polymer. Among them, metals such as copper, gold, silver, iron, chromium, nickel, manganese, palladium, platinum, etc., metal alloys may be alloys of the above metals, metal oxides such as indium oxide, zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, etc., conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly (3-methylthiophene), etc. The second anode is made of a material comprising one or more of the above metals, metal alloys, metal oxides and conductive polymers. In this embodiment, the first anode of the first light emitting device is made of a transparent electrode, so that the first anode can function as an electrode while the light transmittance of the first anode is sufficiently high. When the display panel starts the optical element, the ambient light can penetrate through the first light-emitting device, the state switching layer and the light homogenizing structure layer in sequence and then is utilized by the optical element, so that the light quantity received by the optical element is obviously improved, and the service performance of the optical element is improved. When the display panel does not start the optical element, the state switching layer is matched with the transparent anode, so that the light emitting efficiency of the first light emitting device is approximately the same as that of the second light emitting device, and the brightness consistency of the first display area and the second display area can be ensured.
In one embodiment, the first anode has a light transmittance T, wherein T.gtoreq.60%. In the embodiment, the first anode is matched with the state switching layer, and when the first light-emitting device needs to emit light, the state switching layer is switched to the first state, so that most of light emitted by the first light-emitting device is still emitted from the cathode even if the light transmittance of the first anode is high, and normal display of the first display area is realized; when the optical element is started, the first light-emitting device is controlled not to emit light, the state switching layer is switched to the second state, the light transmittance of the first anode is greater than or equal to 60%, namely the light transmittance of the first anode is large enough, the light transmittance of ambient light penetrating through the first light-emitting device is also large, the ambient light can continuously penetrate through the state switching layer and the light-homogenizing structural layer in the second state after penetrating through the first light-emitting device and is finally utilized by the optical element, the light transmittance is high, and the light quantity received by the optical element under the screen can be obviously improved.
In one embodiment, the thickness of the first anode is less than the thickness of the second anode. Optionally, the second anode includes a first conductive layer, a reflective layer, and a second conductive layer stacked in this order, and the first anode includes only the first conductive layer and/or the second conductive layer. The first anode can be fabricated in the same process as the first conductive layer of the second anode or in the same process as the second conductive layer of the second anode. The light transmittance of the first anode is improved by not arranging the reflecting layer in the first anode, so that when the first light-emitting device does not emit light, the ambient light penetrates through the first light-emitting device and has a sufficiently large transmittance, and when the optical element is used and the state switching layer is in the second state, the light quantity which can be received by the optical element is improved. In addition, the thickness of the first anode is smaller than that of the second anode, so that the thickness of the first light emitting device is smaller than that of the second light emitting device in the thickness direction of the display panel, and a certain space can be reserved for the state switching layer and/or the optical element arranged in the first display region in the thickness direction.
Further, in the display panel provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the state switching layer includes an electrochromic film. Optionally, the material for making the electrochromic film includes an inorganic electrochromic material, such as tungsten oxide or nickel oxide. Optionally, the material for making the electrochromic film may also include an organic electrochromic material. The state switching layer comprises a first voltage end and a second voltage end, and is in a first state when no voltage signal is applied to the first voltage end and the second voltage end of the state switching layer; the state switching layer switches to a second state when a voltage signal is applied to the first voltage terminal and the second voltage terminal of the state switching layer. The self color of the electrochromic film can be reversibly changed under the action of an external electric field, the state switching of the state switching layer is easy to control, and the state switching speed is high because the state switching is controlled by a voltage signal.
In one embodiment, the display panel includes an array layer, and the optical element is located on a side of the substrate away from the array layer. In this embodiment, the pixel circuit may be correspondingly disposed below the light emitting device, and in the first display region, the state switching layer and the light uniformizing structure layer are disposed between the array layer and the first light emitting device, and via holes need to be formed in the state switching layer and the light uniformizing structure layer to electrically connect the first light emitting device and the pixel circuit. The layout of the pixel circuit in the array layer of the embodiment does not need to be changed in design, and the manufacturing process is relatively simple.
In another embodiment, a display panel includes an array layer having a notch with an optical element located within the notch. Fig. 14 is a partial cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 14, the display panel further includes an array layer 109, and the array layer 109 is located between the substrate 101 and the display layer 102. The array layer 109 has a notch O, the notch O is located in the first display area AA1, and the optical element 104 is located in the notch O; the array layer 109 includes a plurality of pixel circuits DL including a first pixel circuit DL1 electrically connected to the first light emitting device P1, and a second pixel circuit DL2 electrically connected to the second light emitting device P2, and the first pixel circuit DL1 does not overlap with the first light emitting device P1 in the direction e perpendicular to the display panel. It should be noted that the structure of the pixel circuit in an actual product is very complicated, and only one transistor in the pixel circuit is illustrated in fig. 14. In this embodiment, the array layer has a notch, and the optical element is located in the notch, so that the pixel circuit is not spaced between the optical element and the first light-emitting device, when the optical element is activated, the first light-emitting device does not emit light, the state switching layer is switched to the second state, and after the ambient light sequentially penetrates through the first light-emitting device, the state switching layer and the light-uniformizing structure layer, the ambient light can be utilized by the optical element without penetrating through the array layer, so that light loss caused by the ambient light penetrating through the array layer can be reduced, and the light quantity received by the optical element is further improved. Moreover, the optical element is arranged in the notch of the array layer, so that the thickness of the display panel can be reduced. Optionally, in this embodiment, the thickness of the first anode of the first light emitting device is smaller than that of the second anode of the second light emitting device, for example, the second anode includes a first conductive layer, a reflective layer, and a second conductive layer stacked in this order; the first anode comprises a first conductive layer and/or a second conductive layer. The differential design of the first anode and the second anode also allows to reserve a certain space in the thickness direction for the optical elements arranged in the grooves.
Note that, in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 14, the first pixel circuit DL1 does not overlap with the first light emitting device P1 in the direction e perpendicular to the display panel. The arrangement of the pixel circuits DL in the array layer 102 may be designed, for example, the first pixel circuit DL1 is disposed in the area of the array layer 109 around the notch O, as illustrated in fig. 14, and at the same time, at least a part of the second pixel circuit DL2 and the second light emitting device P2 are disposed to have a dislocation therebetween, that is, in the direction e perpendicular to the display panel, the overlapping of the second pixel circuit DL2 and the second light emitting device P2 has a dislocation, so as to ensure that after the notch O is disposed on the array layer 109, the reasonable arrangement of the pixel circuits is adopted to realize the driving of the first light emitting device and the driving of the second light emitting device.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a display device, and fig. 15 is a schematic view of the display device according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the display device shown in fig. 15 includes the display panel 100 according to any embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure of the display panel 100 has been described in detail in the above embodiments, and is not described herein again. Of course, the display device shown in fig. 15 is only a schematic illustration, and the display device may be any electronic device with a display function, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, an electronic book, or a television.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A display panel is characterized by comprising a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area, wherein the display area comprises a first display area and a second display area, and the display panel comprises a display surface; the display panel includes:
a substrate;
a display layer over the substrate, the display layer including a pixel defining layer and a plurality of light emitting devices, the pixel defining layer for spacing adjacent light emitting devices;
the light emitting device comprises a cathode, a light emitting layer and an anode which are sequentially stacked, the light emitting device comprises a first light emitting device and a second light emitting device, the first light emitting device comprises a first anode, the second light emitting device comprises a second anode, the light transmittance of the first anode is greater than that of the second anode, the plurality of first light emitting devices are located in the first display area, and the plurality of second light emitting devices are located in the second display area;
the state switching layer is positioned on one side, away from the display surface, of the display layer and positioned in the first display area, the state switching layer is overlapped with the first light-emitting device in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, and the state switching layer can be switched between a first state and a second state, wherein the light transmittance of the state switching layer in the first state is smaller than that of the state switching layer in the second state;
the optical element is positioned on one side, far away from the display layer, of the state switching layer and positioned in the first display area;
the light homogenizing structure layer is positioned between the state switching layer and the optical element and positioned in the first display area, and the light homogenizing structure layer is used for diffusing the light emitted by the state switching layer; the dodging structure layer comprises a plurality of concave lenses, and the concave surfaces of the concave lenses are sunken towards one side of the optical element from the state switching layer; wherein,
the display panel also comprises a filling structure, the filling structure is positioned in the concave surface of the concave lens, the refractive index of the state switching layer is n1, the refractive index of the filling structure is n2, the refractive index of the dodging structure layer is n3, wherein n2> n1> n3,
or, the plurality of concave lenses include a first concave lens and a second concave lens, in the first display region, the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer between two adjacent first light-emitting devices on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first concave lens on the substrate, the orthographic projection of the first light-emitting device on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second concave lens on the substrate, in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, the height of the first concave lens is h1, the height of the second concave lens is h2, h2< h1 ≦ 2h2,
or, the plurality of concave lenses comprise a third concave lens and a fourth concave lens, the third concave lens has a height h3 in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, the fourth concave lens has a height h4, h4< h3 ≤ 2h4, and the third concave lens and the fourth concave lens are alternately arranged to form a concave lens array in the light-homogenizing structure layer.
2. The display panel according to claim 1,
the filling structures comprise a first filling structure and a second filling structure;
in the first display area, the orthographic projection of the first filling structure on the substrate is overlapped with the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer on the substrate, and the orthographic projection of the second filling structure on the substrate is overlapped with the orthographic projection of the first light-emitting device on the substrate; wherein,
the refractive index of the first filling structure is larger than that of the second filling structure.
3. The display panel according to claim 1,
the width of the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer between two adjacent first light-emitting devices on the substrate is d1, the diameter of the orthographic projection of the first concave lens on the substrate is d2, and d2 is more than or equal to d 1.
4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the concave surface of the concave lens has a plurality of micro-diffusion structures.
5. The display panel according to claim 1,
the display panel further comprises a light guide column, the pixel definition layer positioned in the first display area is provided with a through hole, the through hole penetrates through the pixel definition layer in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, and the light guide column is arranged in the through hole;
the light transmittance of the light guide column is greater than that of the pixel defining layer.
6. The display panel according to claim 5,
the refractive index of the light guide column is larger than that of the pixel defining layer.
7. The display panel according to claim 1,
the state-switching layer includes an electrochromic film.
8. The display panel according to claim 1,
the light transmittance of the first anode is T, wherein T is more than or equal to 60%.
9. A display device characterized by comprising the display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN111933679A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-13 | 昆山国显光电有限公司 | Display panel and display device |
| CN112103320B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2024-07-26 | 维信诺科技股份有限公司 | Display panel and display device |
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