CN111060273B - Testing device and testing method for translational direct impedance of vibration isolator - Google Patents
Testing device and testing method for translational direct impedance of vibration isolator Download PDFInfo
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- CN111060273B CN111060273B CN201911394805.8A CN201911394805A CN111060273B CN 111060273 B CN111060273 B CN 111060273B CN 201911394805 A CN201911394805 A CN 201911394805A CN 111060273 B CN111060273 B CN 111060273B
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- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01M7/025—Measuring arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a testing device and a testing method for translational direct impedance of a vibration isolator, which relate to the technical field of vibration isolation and comprise a rack, a force measuring device, a one-way acceleration sensor, a three-way acceleration sensor and a vibration excitation device, wherein the force measuring device comprises a lower end force measuring device and an upper end force measuring device; the unidirectional acceleration sensor is arranged on the upper surface of the lower end force measuring device; the three-way acceleration sensor is fixed on the tested vibration isolator; the device can obtain the translational direct impedance of the three-dimensional translational independent vibration isolator, improve the upper limit frequency of impedance test, simplify test conditions and procedures, and has low cost and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vibration isolation, in particular to a testing device and a testing method for translational direct impedance of a vibration isolator.
Background
The translational direct impedance (the excitation direction and the vibration response direction are the same) of the vibration isolator is an important parameter for describing the dynamic characteristics of the vibration isolator, and the acquisition of the parameter is an important ring for calculating the transmission characteristics of the vibration isolation device. The translational direct impedance parameters of the three-way translational independent vibration isolator are mainly obtained by adopting a clamping mode on an impedance platform through a positive and negative method, the translational direct impedance parameters need to meet the vibration blocking condition of an output end during mechanical impedance testing, but the vibration blocking condition requires that the mass of the impedance platform is large enough, and when the density is constant, the mass can cause frequency reduction, so that the upper limit frequency of the testing is limited, the translational direct impedance parameters of the high-frequency vibration isolator cannot be measured, the problems that the impedance platform is high in manufacturing cost, the testing condition is not easy to realize and the like exist, and the acquisition of the translational direct impedance parameters of the three-way translational independent vibration isolator is unfavorable.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a testing device and a testing method for translational direct impedance of a vibration isolator, which improve the upper limit frequency of impedance testing and have low cost.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a test apparatus for translational direct impedance of a vibration isolator, comprising: a rack;
the force measuring device comprises a lower end force measuring device and an upper end force measuring device, the lower end force measuring device is arranged on the rack, and the upper surface of the lower end force measuring device is connected with the bottom surface of the vibration isolator to be measured; the upper end force measuring device is positioned above the lower end force measuring device and is arranged on the upper surface of the vibration isolator to be measured;
the unidirectional acceleration sensor is arranged on the upper surface of the lower end force measuring device;
the three-way acceleration sensor is arranged on the tested vibration isolator;
and the vibration excitation device is connected with the upper end force measuring device.
On the basis of the technical scheme, when the lower end force measuring device is in a free state, the first-order elastic modal frequency of the lower end force measuring device is greater than the upper limit frequency of the impedance test.
On the basis of the technical scheme, one acceleration measuring direction of the three-way acceleration sensor is consistent with the direction of acquiring the translational direct impedance, and the other two acceleration measuring directions are in an orthogonal relation with the acceleration measuring direction.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the installation frequency of the excitation device is less than 1/3 of the lower limit frequency of the impedance test.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the acceleration measuring direction of the unidirectional acceleration sensor is the measuring direction of the translational direct impedance.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the lower end force measuring device is a three-way force measuring plate.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the upper end force measuring device is a one-way force measuring plate.
The invention also provides a method for testing the translational direct impedance of the vibration isolator by adopting the testing device for the translational direct impedance of the vibration isolator, which comprises the following steps of: building a first rack and a second rack of which the two structures are dynamic, linear and irrelevant, installing other components of a first testing device on the first rack, and installing other components of a second testing device on the second rack;
mounting a first vibration isolator to be tested on the first testing device;
acquiring the dynamic force of the force measuring device on the axial translation direct impedance of the first testing device;
acquiring an acceleration complex value taking the dynamic force as a reference, and integrating the acceleration complex value to obtain a velocity complex value;
calculating an acceleration model of the first tested vibration isolator according to the acceleration complex value, judging whether the first tested vibration isolator belongs to the three-way translation independent vibration isolator or not according to the acceleration model, and if not, finishing the test; if yes, continuing to perform the next step;
repeating the steps on a second testing device to obtain the complex values of the dynamic force and the speed of the second testing device;
according to the dynamic force and the speed complex value obtained from the two testing devices, a set linear equation set is listed, the set linear equation set is solved, and the axial translation direct impedance of the tested vibration isolator is obtained;
and repeating the steps to obtain two transverse translation direct impedances of the vibration isolator to be tested.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the test method further comprises the following steps: listing a single-frequency coefficient matrix according to the velocity complex value, carrying out matrix reversibility verification on the matrix, and if the verification result is reversible, calculating the translational direct impedance of the tested vibration isolator; otherwise, adjusting the structures of the first and second racks.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention relates to a testing device and a testing method for translational direct impedance of a vibration isolator, which comprise a rack, a force measuring device, a one-way acceleration sensor, a three-way acceleration sensor and an excitation device, wherein the force measuring device comprises a lower end force measuring device and an upper end force measuring device; the unidirectional acceleration sensor is arranged on the upper surface of the lower end force measuring device; the three-way acceleration sensor is fixed on the tested vibration isolator; the device can obtain the translational direct impedance of the three-way translational independent vibration isolator, and because the mass of the lower end force measuring device is far smaller than that of the impedance platform in the prior art, the upper limit frequency of the impedance test can be improved, and the cost is low; in addition, the two testing devices can simultaneously measure the dynamic force and the speed complex value of the tested vibration isolator, and the translational direct impedance of the tested vibration isolator is calculated, so that the testing conditions and the testing process are simplified, and the efficiency is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing device for translational direct impedance of a vibration isolator according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a testing method of translational direct impedance of a vibration isolator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing apparatus for direct impedance measurement of longitudinal translation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing apparatus for transverse translation direct impedance measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the translational direct impedance test results of the vibration isolator according to the embodiment of the invention;
in the figure: 1-stage, 1A-first stage, 1B-second stage, 2-force measuring device, 21-lower-end force measuring device, 21A-first lower-end force measuring device, 21B-second lower-end force measuring device, 22-upper-end force measuring device, 22A-first upper-end force measuring device, 22B-second upper-end force measuring device, 3-unidirectional acceleration sensor, 3A-first unidirectional acceleration sensor, 3B-second unidirectional acceleration sensor, 4-three-way acceleration sensor, 4A-first three-way acceleration sensor, 4B-second three-way acceleration sensor, 5-vibration exciting device, 51-vibration exciting rod, 52-vibration exciter, 5A-first vibration exciting device, 5B-second vibration exciting device, 6-vibration isolator to be tested, 6A-first vibration isolator to be tested, 7-spring, 7A-first spring and 7B-second spring.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a testing apparatus for translational direct impedance of a vibration isolator, including a rack 1, a force measuring device 2, a unidirectional acceleration sensor 3, a three-way acceleration sensor 4, and an excitation device 5, where the force measuring device 2 includes a lower force measuring device 21 and an upper force measuring device 22, the lower force measuring device 21 is a three-way force measuring plate, and is installed on the rack 1, the upper surface of the lower end force measuring device 21 is connected with the bottom surface of the tested vibration isolator 6, the mounting surface of the lower end force measuring device 21 and the mounting surface of the tested vibration isolator 6 should be kept horizontal, the first-order elastic modal frequency of the lower end force measuring device 21 in a free state is larger than the upper limit frequency of an impedance test, the three-direction transmission dynamic force of the tested vibration isolator 6 can be independently measured, and the upper limit frequency of the impedance test can be improved and the cost is low because the mass of the lower end force measuring device 21 is far smaller than that of the impedance platform in the prior art; the upper end force measuring device 22 is a one-way force measuring plate, is positioned above the lower end force measuring device 21 and is connected with the upper surface of the vibration isolator 6 to be measured, and measures the transmission dynamic force in the translational direct impedance measuring direction; the unidirectional acceleration sensor 3 is arranged on the upper surface of the force measuring device 21 at the lower end, and the acceleration measuring direction is the measuring direction of translational direct impedance; the three-way acceleration sensor 4 is positioned above the lower end force measuring device 21 and is arranged on the vibration isolator 6 to be measured, one acceleration measuring direction is consistent with the direction of acquiring translational direct impedance, and the other two acceleration measuring directions are in an orthogonal relation with the acceleration measuring direction; the excitation device 5 comprises an excitation rod 51 and an exciter 52 which are sequentially connected, the excitation rod 51 is connected with the upper end force measuring device 22, and the exciter 52 is connected with the spring 7.
Referring to fig. 2, a method for testing translational direct impedance of a vibration isolator by using a device for testing translational direct impedance of a vibration isolator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1: a first gantry 1A and a second gantry 1B are constructed, which are dynamically linearly independent of each other, and on the first gantry 1A, other components of the first testing device are mounted, and on the second gantry 1B, other components of the second testing device are mounted, going to S2.
As shown in fig. 3, a first rack 1A and a second rack 1B of two structures which are dynamically linear and irrelevant are built, and two mounting surfaces are kept horizontal; a first lower end force measuring device 21A, a first upper end force measuring device 22A, a first one-way acceleration sensor 3A, a first three-way acceleration sensor 4A, a first excitation device 5A and a first spring 7A are mounted on the first gantry 1A, and a second lower end force measuring device 21B, a second upper end force measuring device 22B, a second one-way acceleration sensor 3B, a second three-way acceleration sensor 4B, a second excitation device 5B and a second spring 7B are mounted on the second gantry 1B.
S2: the first vibration isolator 6A under test is mounted on the first testing apparatus, and the process proceeds to S3.
S3: the dynamic force of the force measuring device 2 on the axially translatory direct resistance of the first test device is obtained and the process goes to S4.
In the first test device, the dynamic force of the first lower end force measuring device 21A and the dynamic force of the first upper end force measuring device 22A on the axial translation direct impedance are taken as references, the first excitation device 5A is started, and the axial translation direct impedance is obtainedDynamic force of the first lower force-measuring device 21A connected to the impedance
And the dynamic force of the first upper end force measuring device 22A
S4: the complex acceleration value with the dynamic force as a reference is obtained, and the complex acceleration value is integrated to obtain a complex velocity value, and the process goes to S5.
The dynamic force is obtained in the first testing device through the first unidirectional acceleration sensor 3A
The complex value of the acceleration of the lower end is taken as a reference, and the complex value of the acceleration of the lower end is subjected to primary integration to obtain dynamic force
Complex value of lower end velocity on axial translation direct impedance as reference
And obtains dynamic force through the first three-way acceleration sensor 4A
The complex values of the upper end acceleration in three directions are taken as reference, and the complex values of the upper end acceleration on the axial translation direct impedance are subjected to primary integration to obtain dynamic force
Complex upper end velocity value on axial translation direct impedance as reference
The same can be obtained: by dynamic force
Axial direction for referenceComplex value of lower end velocity on translational direct impedance
And upper velocity complex value
S5: calculating an acceleration model of the first vibration isolator 6A to be tested according to the acceleration complex value, judging whether the first vibration isolator 6A to be tested belongs to the three-way translation independent vibration isolator or not according to the acceleration model, and if not, finishing the test; if so, the process proceeds to the next step, and goes to S6.
Calculating single-frequency acceleration modes in all directions according to the upper-end acceleration complex values in all directions obtained by the first three-way acceleration sensor 4A, comparing the single-frequency acceleration modes in the translational direct impedance measurement direction with single-frequency acceleration digital models in the other two orthogonal directions, and if the single-frequency acceleration modes in the translational direct impedance measurement direction are respectively greater than 10dB of the single-frequency acceleration modes in the other two orthogonal directions, determining that the first vibration isolator 6A is a three-way translational independent vibration isolator and can continue to calculate the translational direct impedance; otherwise, the first vibration isolator 6A to be tested is not a three-way translation independent vibration isolator, and the test method is not applicable, and the test is finished.
S6: repeating the above steps on the second testing device to obtain complex values of dynamic force and velocity of the second testing device, and going to S7
Repeating the steps from S1 to S4, and measuring and obtaining the dynamic force of the second lower end force measuring device 21B on the axial translation direct impedance
And dynamic force of the second upper end force measuring device
And with dynamic forces
Axial translation for reference down on direct impedanceComplex value of terminal velocity
And upper velocity complex value
By dynamic force
Complex value of lower end velocity on axial translation direct impedance as reference
And upper velocity complex value
Preferably, the test method further comprises the steps of: the following two single-frequency coefficient matrices are listed according to the velocity complex values obtained in the two test devices:
and
and the matrix reversibility is verified, if the verification result is reversible, the translation direct impedance of the tested vibration isolator 6 is calculated; otherwise, the structures of the first stage 1A and the second stage 1B are adjusted.
S7: and (4) listing a set of the linear equations according to the dynamic force and speed complex values in the two testing devices, solving the set of the linear equations, obtaining the axial translation direct impedance of the tested vibration isolator 6, and turning to S8.
From the dynamic force and velocity complex values in the two test devices, the following two sets of defined linear equations can be listed:
wherein Z is11、Z22Is a terminal impedance, Z12、Z21Transferring impedance for a cross-point; solving Z by combining equation set (1) and equation set (2)11、Z12、Z21、Z22The real part, the imaginary part and the mode of the vibration isolator 6 to be tested are obtained, and the impedance matrix of four-end parameters in the translation direction is synthesized:
the impedance matrix can be used to calculate system characteristics of the vibration isolator in different systems.
S8: and repeating the steps to obtain the two transverse translation direct impedances of the vibration isolator 6 to be tested.
As shown in fig. 4, which is a schematic layout diagram of a testing apparatus for measuring the lateral translational direct impedance of the tested vibration isolator 6, since the measurement and calculation process of the two lateral translational direct impedances orthogonal to the axial direction is the same as that of the axial translational direct impedance, no further description is given here.
Compared with the prior art that the translation direct impedance of the vibration isolator needs to be measured by a positive and reverse method, the test method simplifies the test conditions and the test process and has higher efficiency.
The testing device and the testing method are further explained by the acquisition process of the axial impedance of the upper end origin of the BE-160 type marine vibration isolator.
A first testing device is arranged in the center of an iron table with a panel thickness of about 10mm, a second testing device is arranged in the middle of the edge of the iron table, wherein the upper end and the lower end force measuring devices respectively measure the axial exciting force and the transmission force of a tested vibration isolator 6, an exciting device 5 is suspended on a wall body through a spring 7 (or a nylon rope), the frequency of a system formed by the spring 7 and the exciting force is about 15Hz, the lower limit of the measuring frequency is 45Hz, the first-order elastic modal frequency of a lower end force measuring device 21 is about 3000Hz, and the measuring frequency of the axial impedance of the tested vibration isolator 6 is 50-2900 Hz.
Obtaining a first testDynamic forces in devices
And
and a complex value of velocity
And
and acquiring dynamic forces in the second test device
And
and a complex value of velocity
And
according to the upper end acceleration complex values in all directions obtained by the three-way acceleration sensor 4, calculating single-frequency acceleration modes in all directions, comparing the single-frequency acceleration modes in the translational direct impedance measurement direction with single-frequency acceleration digital models in the other two orthogonal directions, and according to the measurement result, the axial single-frequency acceleration modes in the two test devices are respectively greater than 10dB in the other two orthogonal directions, so that the two tested vibration isolators 6 are three-way translational independent vibration isolators; the reversibility of the single-frequency coefficient matrix and the reversibility of the two matrixes are respectively verified by utilizing the data, and the single-frequency coefficient matrix and the two matrixes are both reversible according to the calculation of the test result; using the above data, the real part, imaginary part, and modulus of the origin impedance in the set of defined linear equations are calculated, and the present embodiment is illustrated by a graph because of the large amount of dataThe test result is shown (as shown in fig. 5), the graph not only includes a model of the origin axial direct impedance obtained by the test method (as shown in a curve a in fig. 5), but also includes a model of the origin axial direct impedance obtained by the clamp impedance table test (as shown in a curve B in fig. 5), and it can be seen from fig. 5 that the model of the origin axial direct impedance obtained by the test method is consistent with the model trend of the origin axial direct impedance obtained by the clamp impedance table test.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention. Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.
Claims (8)
1. A testing device for the translational direct impedance of a vibration isolator is based on a testing method for the translational direct impedance of the vibration isolator, and is characterized in that the testing method comprises the following steps:
building a first rack (1A) and a second rack (1B) of two dynamically linear unrelated structures, mounting other components of a first testing device on the first rack (1A), and mounting other components of a second testing device on the second rack (1B);
mounting a first vibration isolator (6A) to be tested on a first testing device;
acquiring the dynamic force of the force measuring device (2) on the axial translation direct impedance of the first testing device;
acquiring an acceleration complex value taking the dynamic force as a reference, and integrating the acceleration complex value to obtain a velocity complex value;
calculating an acceleration model of the first vibration isolator (6A) to be tested according to the acceleration complex value, judging whether the first vibration isolator (6A) to be tested belongs to the three-way translation independent vibration isolator or not according to the acceleration model, and if not, finishing the test; if yes, continuing to perform the next step;
repeating the steps on a second testing device to obtain the complex values of the dynamic force and the speed of the second testing device;
according to the dynamic force and the speed complex value obtained from the two testing devices, a set linear equation set is listed, the set linear equation set is solved, and the axial translation direct impedance of the tested vibration isolator (6) is obtained;
repeating the steps to obtain two transverse translation direct impedances of the vibration isolator (6) to be tested;
the test device includes:
a stand (1);
the force measuring device (2) comprises a lower end force measuring device (21) and an upper end force measuring device (22), the lower end force measuring device (21) is arranged on the rack (1), and the upper surface of the lower end force measuring device (21) is connected with the bottom surface of the vibration isolator (6) to be measured; the upper end force measuring device (22) is positioned above the lower end force measuring device (21) and is arranged on the upper surface of the vibration isolator (6) to be measured;
the unidirectional acceleration sensor (3), the said unidirectional acceleration sensor (3) locates the upper surface of the said lower end force measuring device (21);
the three-way acceleration sensor (4), the said three-way acceleration sensor (4) locates on the said vibration isolator (6) measured;
the excitation device (5), excitation device (5) with upper end dynamometry device (22) is connected.
2. The testing apparatus for the translational direct impedance of an isolator as defined in claim 1, wherein: when the lower end force measuring device (21) is in a free state, the first-order elastic modal frequency of the lower end force measuring device is greater than the upper limit frequency of the impedance test.
3. The testing apparatus for the translational direct impedance of an isolator as defined in claim 1, wherein: one acceleration measuring direction of the three-way acceleration sensor (4) is consistent with the direction of the three-way acceleration sensor for obtaining the translational direct impedance, and the other two acceleration measuring directions are in an orthogonal relation with the acceleration measuring direction.
4. The testing apparatus for the translational direct impedance of an isolator as defined in claim 1, wherein: the installation frequency of the excitation device (5) is less than 1/3 of the lower limit frequency of the impedance test.
5. The testing apparatus for the translational direct impedance of an isolator as defined in claim 1, wherein: the acceleration measuring direction of the unidirectional acceleration sensor (3) is the measuring direction of the translational direct impedance.
6. The testing apparatus for the translational direct impedance of an isolator as defined in claim 1, wherein: the lower end force measuring device (21) is a three-way force measuring plate.
7. The testing apparatus for the translational direct impedance of an isolator as defined in claim 1, wherein: the upper end force measuring device (22) is a one-way force measuring plate.
8. The device for testing the translational direct impedance of the vibration isolator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the testing method further comprises the following steps: listing a single-frequency coefficient matrix according to the velocity complex value, carrying out matrix reversibility verification on the matrix, and calculating the axial translation direct impedance of the tested vibration isolator (6) if the verification result is reversible; otherwise, the structure of the first gantry (1A) and the second gantry (1B) is adjusted.
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