CN111057918A - Aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111057918A CN111057918A CN202010042077.0A CN202010042077A CN111057918A CN 111057918 A CN111057918 A CN 111057918A CN 202010042077 A CN202010042077 A CN 202010042077A CN 111057918 A CN111057918 A CN 111057918A
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- aluminum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy and a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: (1) melting and mixing Al-Si alloy, Al-Mn alloy and aluminum ingots at the temperature of more than or equal to 600 ℃, then heating to 850-900 ℃, stirring, slagging off, repeating stirring-slagging off operation for 2-3 times, adding the aluminum ingots again, melting and mixing, and slagging off to obtain aluminum liquid; (2) and (2) cooling the aluminum liquid obtained in the step (1) to 730-750 ℃, placing a magnesium ingot in a magnesium feeder basket, placing the magnesium feeder basket in the aluminum liquid, simultaneously scattering a mixture of beryllium sodium fluoride and a No. 2 solvent on the surface of the aluminum liquid, adding an Al-Ti alloy after the magnesium ingot is completely molten, stirring and melting, refining by using inert gas or nitrogen, and casting at 730 +/-5 ℃ to obtain the aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Magnesium is an important alloy element in aluminum alloy, and most of the aluminum alloy, whether wrought aluminum alloy or cast aluminum alloy, contains magnesium, and the content of the magnesium is from 0.2% to more than 10%.
The melting point of magnesium is only 649 ℃, and the specific gravity is only 1.74g/cm3And aluminum has a melting point of 660 ℃ and a specific gravity of 2.7g/cm3. Therefore, during the process of adding magnesium after the aluminum is melted, the magnesium floats on the aluminum liquid without intervention. Magnesium is a very active metal and is easily reacted with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide. The magnesium oxide has a molecular volume of only about 80% of that of magnesium, so if magnesium is added improperly, the magnesium oxide is oxidized to magnesium oxide completely, which is an exothermic reaction process. Therefore, in the process of smelting aluminum alloy, how to prevent burning loss when adding magnesium is a problem which is difficult to solve at the present stage.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of an aluminum alloy. The method can effectively prevent Mg from being burnt, avoid black blocky magnesium oxide from being generated on the surface after the magnesium alloy is cast into an ingot, and simultaneously ensure that alloy elements are fully dissolved to achieve the alloying effect.
The invention also aims to provide the aluminum alloy prepared by the method.
The invention further aims to provide application of the aluminum alloy.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of an aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) melting and mixing Al-Si alloy, Al-Mn alloy and aluminum ingots at the temperature of more than or equal to 600 ℃, then heating to 850-900 ℃, stirring, slagging off, repeating stirring-slagging off operation, adding the aluminum ingots again, melting and mixing, and slagging off to obtain aluminum liquid;
(2) cooling the aluminum liquid obtained in the step (1) to 730-750 ℃, placing a magnesium ingot in a magnesium feeder basket, placing the magnesium feeder basket in the aluminum liquid, simultaneously scattering a mixture of beryllium sodium fluoride and a No. 2 solvent on the surface of the aluminum liquid, adding an Al-Ti alloy when the magnesium ingot is completely molten, stirring and melting, refining with inert gas or nitrogen, and casting at 730 +/-5 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy;
wherein the aluminum alloy obtained in the step (2) comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: 1.60-1.90% of Si, 0.60-1.00% of Mn, 4.60-5.50% of Mg, 0.08-0.20% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.20% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.050% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.15% of other impurities and the balance of aluminum.
Preferably, the mass percentage of Si in the Al-Si alloy in the step (1) is 20%.
Preferably, the mass percentage of Mn in the Al-Mn alloy in the step (1) is 10%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the first aluminum ingot to the second aluminum ingot in the step (1) is 90: 10.
preferably, the stirring time in the step (1) is 5-10 min.
Preferably, the stirring-slagging-off operation in the step (1) is repeated for 2-3 times.
Preferably, the magnesium feeder basket in the step (2) comprises a mesh-shaped metal basket and a cotton rope, the magnesium alloy ingot to be smelted is placed in the metal basket, the cotton rope is used for fixing the magnesium alloy ingot in the metal basket, when in use, the magnesium alloy ingot is placed in the metal basket, the metal basket is bound by the cotton rope, the magnesium alloy ingot is fixed in the basket, solvent powder is added into a smelting furnace in which aluminum liquid is dissolved, the magnesium feeder basket is placed in the smelting furnace until the magnesium alloy ingot is completely smelted, the magnesium feeder basket is moved out of the furnace, and after the magnesium feeder basket is cleaned up, the magnesium feeder basket is used next time, so that the loss of magnesium during smelting can be effectively prevented. The magnesium feeder basket in the step (2) can also refer to Chinese patent application with the application number of 2019222918589 and named as a magnesium feeding device for aluminum alloy smelting.
More preferably, the side basket of the metal basket adopts stainless steel bars with the diameter of 20mm, and the area part adopts stainless steel bars with the diameter of 10 mm.
More preferably, the mesh of the gabion is a square having a side length of 50 cm.
More preferably, a handle is arranged at the upper end of the metal basket, so that the metal basket is convenient to grab.
More preferably, the gabion is coated with a refractory material to ensure the durability of the device.
More preferably, the magnesium adding device further comprises an operating rod, the operating rod is matched with the metal basket, and when the aluminum ingot in the metal basket still floats upwards, the magnesium alloy ingot is pressed below the surface of the aluminum solution through the operating rod.
More preferably, the gabion has a length of 550mm, a height of 450mm and a width of 200 mm.
Preferably, the addition amount of the sodium beryllium fluoride in the step (2) accounts for 0.05 percent of the total mass of the obtained aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the sodium beryllium fluoride to the solvent No. 2 in the step (2) is 1: 1; the No. 2 solvent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: KCl 32-44% and MgCl238～50％、CaCl2+NaCl≤8％、BaCl25 to 8% and H2O≤2.0％。
Preferably, the mass percentage of Ti in the Al-Ti alloy in the step (2) is 10%.
Preferably, the inert gas in step (2) is nitrogen.
Preferably, the refining time in the step (2) is 30-40 min.
The aluminum alloy prepared by the method.
The application of the aluminum alloy is disclosed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the magnesium can be limited in the aluminum liquid in the preparation method process, the problem that the magnesium floats on the aluminum liquid in the prior art is solved, the burning loss of Mg is effectively prevented, black blocky magnesium oxide generated on the surface after ingot casting is avoided, and meanwhile, alloy elements can be fully dissolved to achieve the alloying effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing of an AlMg5Mn alloy ingot obtained in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a drawing of an AlMg5Mn alloy ingot obtained in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the magnesium feeder basket apparatus of the present invention; wherein, 1 is a metal basket, 2 is a cotton rope, 3 is a mesh, 4 is a handle, and 5 is an operating rod.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Those who do not specify specific conditions in the examples of the present invention follow conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The raw materials, reagents and the like which are not indicated for manufacturers are all conventional products which can be obtained by commercial purchase.
Example 1
1. Preparing raw materials:
the total charge of the furnace is 15 tons, and the raw materials are A00 aluminum 11735kg, ALSi 201350 kg and ALTi10
135kg, ALMn 101000 kg and 780kg of metal magnesium.
The chemical compositions (and the elemental compositions of the finally obtained alloys) of the required raw materials are respectively calculated according to the charging amount of the furnace, and are shown in the following table:
wherein: si is Al-Si intermediate alloy containing 20% of Si;
mn adopts Al-Mn intermediate alloy containing 10 percent of Mn;
ti adopts Al-Ti intermediate alloy containing 10 percent of Ti;
mg and Al are directly bought ingots;
in addition, Na is required for preventing Mg from being oxidized2BeF4Wherein Be content is about 7%, Na is added during preparation2BeF4Added according to 0.05 percent of the weight of the alloy; meanwhile, a No. 2 solvent is required, and the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: KCl: 38% of MgCl2:44％，CaCl2+NaCl：8％，BaCl2:8％，H2O：2％
2. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
cleaning a smelting furnace, heating to above 600 ℃, turning off a heating power supply (or burner flame), leaving about 10% of aluminum ingots which are expected to be put as cooling materials, putting the rest aluminum ingots and Al-Si and Al-Mn intermediate alloy into the furnace for heating at one time, turning off the burner or the power supply when the melt temperature reaches 900 ℃, stirring for about 10 minutes, continuously heating to 900 ℃ after slagging off, then continuously slagging off and stirring, repeating for 3 times, putting all reserved aluminum ingots into the furnace after slagging off, stirring, slagging off, measuring the temperature, and melting all aluminum ingotsAnd (3) when the temperature is about 750 ℃, putting the magnesium ingot planned to be put into a basket of a magnesium adding device (a hollow basket welded by heat-resistant reinforcing steel bars for restraining the magnesium ingot and preventing the magnesium ingot from floating on the aluminum liquid surface to cause burning loss), then sending the magnesium adding device into the furnace, ensuring that all the magnesium ingots are buried under the aluminum liquid surface, and slightly moving the magnesium adding device. Simultaneously, the powder obtained by mixing the beryllium sodium fluoride and the No. 2 solvent (Na in the powder) is uniformly scattered on the liquid surface2BeF4And the mass ratio of the No. 2 solvent is 1: 1) na (Na)2BeF4Toxic, the operator should wear a mask and gloves. After magnesium is completely melted, drawing out the magnesium feeder, adding prepared Al-Ti intermediate alloy, stirring the molten body, sampling and analyzing after components are uniform, refining for 40 minutes by using nitrogen after the components are adjusted to be qualified, determining that the alloy density is qualified, and measuring the temperature of the molten body: casting at 730 +/-5 ℃ to obtain AlMg5Mn alloy ingot.
Photographs of the AlMg5Mn alloy ingot obtained in this example are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) melting and mixing Al-Si alloy, Al-Mn alloy and aluminum ingots at the temperature of more than or equal to 600 ℃, then heating to 850-900 ℃, stirring, slagging off, repeating stirring-slagging off operation, adding the aluminum ingots again, melting and mixing, and slagging off to obtain aluminum liquid;
(2) cooling the aluminum liquid obtained in the step (1) to 730-750 ℃, placing a magnesium ingot in a magnesium feeder basket, placing the magnesium feeder basket in the aluminum liquid, simultaneously scattering a mixture of beryllium sodium fluoride and a No. 2 solvent on the surface of the aluminum liquid, adding an Al-Ti alloy when the magnesium ingot is completely molten, stirring and melting, refining with inert gas or nitrogen, and casting at 730 +/-5 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy;
wherein the aluminum alloy obtained in the step (2) comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: 1.60-1.90% of Si, 0.60-1.00% of Mn, 4.60-5.50% of Mg, 0.08-0.20% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.20% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.050% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.15% of other impurities and the balance of aluminum.
2. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the first aluminum ingot to the second aluminum ingot in the step (1) is 90: 10.
3. the method for preparing an aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein the sodium beryllium fluoride added in the step (2) accounts for 0.05% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy.
4. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium beryllium fluoride to the solvent No. 2 in the step (2) is 1: 1; the No. 2 solvent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: KCl 32-44% and MgCl238～50％、CaCl2+NaCl≤8％、BaCl25 to 8% and H2O≤2.0％。
5. The method for preparing an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the Al-Si alloy in the step (1) has a Si content of 20% by mass.
6. The method of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the Al-Mn alloy of step (1) has a Mn content of 10% by mass.
7. The method of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, wherein the Al-Ti alloy in the step (2) has a Ti content of 10 wt.%.
8. The method for preparing an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the stirring time in the step (1) is 5-10 min; repeating the stirring-slag removing operation for 2-3 times; the inert gas in the step (2) is nitrogen; the refining time is 30-40 min.
9. An aluminium alloy obtainable by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of an aluminium alloy according to claim 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010042077.0A CN111057918A (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010042077.0A CN111057918A (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111057918A true CN111057918A (en) | 2020-04-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202010042077.0A Withdrawn CN111057918A (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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2020
- 2020-01-15 CN CN202010042077.0A patent/CN111057918A/en not_active Withdrawn
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Application publication date: 20200424 |