CN111057563A

CN111057563A - Multistage spiral cracking furnace

Info

Publication number: CN111057563A
Application number: CN201911204362.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王京华; 蔡珠华; 董红晖; 王志成; 陈宗达
Original assignee: Guangzhou Weigang Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Weigang Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-29
Filing date: 2019-11-29
Publication date: 2020-04-24

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-stage spiral cracking furnace, which comprises: an outer housing; the outer shell and the inner shell are provided with a gap; the spiral conveying channel comprises a feed inlet arranged at the upper end of the outer shell, a discharge outlet arranged at the lower end of the outer shell and a plurality of spiral conveying devices; the feed inlet is communicated with the open pores of the spiral conveying device positioned at the uppermost part of the inner shell, and the open pores of adjacent spiral conveying devices are connected through a material pipe to form a spiral conveying channel; the spiral exhaust passage comprises an air outlet communicated with the inner shell and a plurality of guide plates distributed between adjacent spiral conveying devices, so that the pyrolysis gas in the inner space of the inner shell is discharged from the air outlet after sequentially passing through the vent holes of the plurality of guide plates to form the spiral exhaust passage; the smoke inlet channel comprises a smoke inlet arranged below the outer shell and a smoke outlet arranged above the outer shell. The invention can make the cracking process more sufficient, thereby improving the processing efficiency.

Description

Multistage spiral cracking furnace

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of oil residue and plastic residue treatment devices, in particular to a multi-stage spiral cracking furnace.

Background

At present, cracking furnaces are generally used for processing various raw materials such as waste paint residues, oil sludge residues, waste plastic residues and the like into cracking gases, and the gases are provided for other devices and finally processed into various byproducts.

The existing cracking furnace has the following defects because the internal structure is simpler:

(1) the raw materials are stacked at the bottom of the cracking furnace too quickly after entering the cracking furnace, so that the heating reaction time of the raw materials is short, and the cracking reaction does not take place in sufficient time, so that the cracking of the raw materials is insufficient;

(2) pyrolysis gas generated in the conventional cracking furnace rises linearly and is discharged from a gas outlet of the cracking furnace, and the problem of insufficient reaction of the pyrolysis gas also exists, so that the cracking quality and efficiency are influenced;

(3) the high temperature flue gas can be let in the present pyrolysis furnace equally and be used for providing sufficient cracking temperature for in the pyrolysis furnace, but the heat transmission direction of present pyrolysis furnace can't match each other with the direction of transportation of raw and other materials for the heat can't be by make full use of, can't satisfy the pyrolysis demand of raw and other materials, causes certain energy consumption loss, is unfavorable for the environmental protection.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the multi-stage spiral cracking furnace, so that the material reaction is more sufficient, and the cracking quality and efficiency are improved.

The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

a multi-stage spiral cracking furnace comprising:

the outer shell is sleeved outside the inner shell;

the inner shell is provided with a gap for flowing high-temperature flue gas between the outer shell and the inner shell;

the spiral conveying channel comprises a feed inlet arranged at the upper end of the outer shell, a discharge outlet arranged at the lower end of the outer shell and a plurality of spiral conveying devices which are sequentially and transversely arranged in the inner space of the inner shell; two ends of each spiral conveying device extend out of the outer shell and are fixedly connected with the outer shell through a supporting frame; openings are formed in the head end and the tail end of each spiral conveying device, the feed inlet is communicated with the opening of the spiral conveying device positioned at the uppermost part of the inner shell, and the openings of the adjacent spiral conveying devices are connected through a material pipe, so that the spiral conveying devices are spliced end to form a spiral conveying channel;

the spiral exhaust passage comprises an air outlet communicated with the inner shell and a plurality of guide plates distributed between adjacent spiral conveying devices, the end parts of the guide plates are connected with the shell wall of the inner shell, and a plurality of vent holes are formed in the guide plates, so that pyrolysis gas in the inner space of the inner shell is discharged from the air outlet to form the spiral exhaust passage after sequentially passing through the vent holes of the guide plates;

and the smoke inlet channel comprises a smoke inlet arranged below the outer shell and a smoke outlet arranged above the outer shell, hot smoke enters from the smoke inlet, passes through the gap and then is discharged from the smoke outlet to form a smoke inlet channel.

Further, the spiral conveying device comprises a conveying cylinder, a spiral device and a driving device, the driving device is erected on the supporting frame, the spiral device is installed in the conveying cylinder, each spiral conveying device is independently provided with one driving device, the driving device is connected with the spiral device, and each driving device independently controls the rotating speed of the corresponding spiral device.

Further, the diameter of the conveying cylinder body is smaller than the width of the inner shell, and a gap for pyrolysis gas to flow is formed between the conveying cylinder body and the shell wall of the inner shell.

Further, the screw device comprises a screw shaft and screw blades, the screw blades are sleeved outside the screw shaft, the screw shaft penetrates through the conveying cylinder, two ends of the screw shaft extend out of the conveying cylinder and are fixed on the support frame through a bearing seat, and the end part of the screw shaft is connected with the driving device.

Further, the length of the helical blade is smaller than that of the conveying cylinder, and the helical blade extends from one side end of the conveying cylinder to the opening of the other side end, so that the helical blade is inclined to the left side or the right side of the conveying cylinder.

Further, the length of the screw conveyor located at the lowermost portion of the inner housing is smaller than the length of the remaining screw conveyors, and the end portion communicates with the inner space of the inner housing.

Furthermore, a spiral discharging device is arranged at the discharging opening, and a cooling device is sleeved outside the spiral discharging device.

Furthermore, the conveying cylinder body is provided with an expansion joint.

Further, the device also comprises a heating jacket safety valve interface and a cracking gas safety valve interface, wherein the heating jacket safety valve interface is communicated with the gap; the heating sleeve safety valve interface is communicated with the smoke inlet channel.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the spiral conveying channel is arranged in the cracking furnace, so that the conveying path of the materials is increased, the space is saved, the materials can fully react, and the cracking quality and efficiency are improved;

(2) the high-temperature flue gas of the cracking furnace flows from bottom to top, so that the temperature of the cracking furnace from top to bottom is gradually increased, the temperature change meets the gradually increased temperature requirement in the material cracking process, the heat of the high-temperature flue gas can be fully utilized, the cracking quality is improved, and the energy consumption can be reduced;

(3) pyrolysis gas is generated in the spiral conveying device and the inner shell and is fully mixed in the cracking furnace, so that the reaction of the pyrolysis gas is more complete, and the cracking quality and efficiency are improved;

(4) but its speed of transporting material of every screw conveyer individual control to change the time of material transportation in every screw conveyer, make the reaction time of material adjustable, thereby satisfy the time demand of material schizolysis, make the schizolysis more abundant.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the cracking furnace of the present invention (the arrow indicates the direction of the high temperature flue gas flow);

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the cracking furnace of the present invention (the arrow indicates the flowing direction of the cracked gas);

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the cracking furnace of the present invention (the arrow indicates the material transporting direction);

FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the cracking furnace of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the back structure of the cracking furnace of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. an inner housing; 2. an outer housing; 3. an expansion joint; 4. a feed inlet; 5. a discharge outlet; 6. a smoke inlet; 7. a smoke outlet; 8. an air outlet; 9. a gap; 10. a first screw conveyor; 11. a second screw conveyor; 12. a third screw conveyor; 13. a fourth screw conveyor; 14. opening a hole on the upper part; 15. a lower opening is formed; 16. a material pipe; 17. a support frame; 18. a drive device; 19. a conveying cylinder; 20. a screw shaft; 21. a helical blade; 22. a baffle; 23. a vent hole; 24. a spiral discharging device; 25. a slag inlet; 26. a slag discharge port; 27. and (6) an access hole.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below can be used to form a new embodiment without conflict.

A multi-stage spiral cracking furnace is mainly used for processing raw materials such as waste paint slag, oil sludge slag, waste plastic slag and the like, and can generate corresponding cracking gas after the raw materials are subjected to high-temperature cracking, so that the multi-stage spiral cracking furnace is used for producing subsequent processed products.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the cracking furnace includes an inner shell 1 and an outer shell 2, the outer shell 2 is wrapped outside the inner shell 1, the inner shell 1 and the outer shell 2 are fixed by welding, the inner shell 1 is mainly used for reacting various raw materials, and the outer shell 2 mainly plays a role in protecting the inner shell 1 and isolating high temperature in the inner shell 1, so as to avoid safety accidents; in addition, the outer surface of the outer shell 2 can use heat preservation cotton as a heat preservation layer to preserve the temperature of the inner shell 1, so that the temperature loss of the inner shell 1 is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.

A smoke inlet channel is arranged in the cracking furnace and comprises a smoke inlet 6 arranged below the outer shell 2 and a smoke outlet 7 arranged above the outer shell 2, in addition, a gap 9 is formed between the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 1, hot smoke enters from the smoke inlet 6 and is discharged from the smoke outlet 7 after passing through the gap 9 to form a smoke inlet channel; the high temperature flue gas flows in the gap 9 between the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 1, and can provide enough heat for the inside of the inner shell 1 so as to perform pyrolysis reaction on the material in the inner space of the inner shell 1. And the outer shell 2 is not communicated with the inner shell 1, so that high-temperature flue gas cannot enter the inner space of the inner shell 1, and the deflagration phenomenon caused by the mixing of the high-temperature flue gas and pyrolysis gas is avoided.

In addition, the smoke inlet channel is externally connected with a plurality of heat exchange sheets which can strengthen heat so as to ensure that enough cracking temperature is provided for the interior of the cracking furnace.

In this embodiment, the cracking furnace further includes a spiral conveying channel for conveying the material and a spiral exhaust channel for conveying the cracked gas.

Spiral delivery duct is including establishing feed inlet 4 of 2 upper ends of shell body, establishing the bin outlet 5 of 2 lower extremes of shell body is in with transverse arrangement in proper order a plurality of screw conveyor in interior casing 1's the inner space, every screw conveyor's head and the tail both ends all are equipped with the trompil, feed inlet 4 with be located 1 the top in interior casing screw conveyor's trompil is linked together, links to each other through material pipe 16 between adjacent screw conveyor's the trompil, makes a plurality of screw conveyor splices head and the tail and forms spiral delivery duct.

In this embodiment, a first screw conveyor 10, a second screw conveyor 11, a third screw conveyor 12, and a fourth screw conveyor 13 are sequentially arranged in the inner housing 1 from top to bottom, wherein the four screw conveyors have the same structure and each include a conveying cylinder 19, a screw conveyor, and a driving device 18, the lengths of the first screw conveyor 10, the second screw conveyor 11, and the third screw conveyor 12 are all greater than the length of the fourth screw conveyor 13, and one end of the fourth screw conveyor 13 is communicated with the inner space of the inner housing 1, so that the material sequentially passes through the first screw conveyor 10, the second screw conveyor 11, and the third screw conveyor 12 and then falls from the fourth screw conveyor 13 into the inner space of the inner housing 1.

The conveying cylinders 19 of the first screw conveyer 10, the second screw conveyer 11 and the third screw conveyer 12 penetrate through the inner shell 1 and the outer shell 2, and two ends of the conveying cylinders are exposed out of the outer shell 2; two sides of the outer shell 2 are provided with support frames 17, and two ends of the conveying cylinder 19 are arranged on the support frames 17; and one end of the conveying cylinder 19 of the fourth screw conveyer 13 is fixed on the supporting frame 17, and the other end extends to the inner space of the inner shell 1.

The screw device in each screw conveying device comprises a screw shaft 20 and screw blades 21, the screw blades 21 are sleeved outside the screw shaft 20, the screw shaft 20 penetrates through the conveying cylinder 19, two ends of the screw shaft extend out of the conveying cylinder and are fixed on the supporting frame 17 through a bearing seat, the end part of the screw shaft 20 is connected with the driving device 18, and the driving device 18 can drive the screw shaft 20 to rotate when being started, so that the rotation of the screw blades 21 is realized.

And the conveying cylinder 19 of each spiral conveying device is provided with an upper opening 14 and a lower opening 15, and materials can enter the conveying cylinder 19 from the upper opening 14 and then be discharged from the lower opening 15, so that the conveying action of the materials in the conveying cylinder 19 is completed. In this embodiment, the upper surface of the conveying cylinder 19 on the left side of the first screw conveyer 10 is provided with an upper opening 14, the lower surface of the conveying cylinder 19 on the right side of the first screw conveyer 10 is provided with a lower opening 15, the upper opening 14 of the first screw conveyer 10 is communicated with the feed inlet 4 through a material pipe 16, and the material is conveyed to the right side by being driven by the helical blade 21 after entering the conveying cylinder 19 of the first screw conveyer 10 from the feed inlet 4, so that the material is discharged from the lower opening 15. The upper opening 14 of the conveying cylinder 19 of the second screw conveyer 11 is arranged on the right side, the lower opening 15 is arranged on the left side, and the upper opening 14 of the second screw conveyer 11 is also communicated with the lower opening 15 of the first screw conveyer 10 through a material pipe 16, so that the material discharged from the lower opening 15 of the first screw conveyer 10 can enter the conveying cylinder 19 of the second screw conveyer 11. Similarly, the hole positions of the third screw conveyer 12 and the fourth screw conveyer 13 are distributed according to the positions of the first screw conveyer 10 and the second screw conveyer 11, so that the material sequentially passes through the first screw conveyer 10, the second screw conveyer 11, the third screw conveyer 12 and the fourth screw conveyer 13 in a spiral conveying manner, and finally drops into the inner space of the inner shell 1 from the fourth screw conveyer 13, thereby achieving the effect of dispersing the material.

Correspondingly, in order to accelerate the transportation speed of the material in the conveying cylinder 19, the position of the spiral blade 21 of each spiral conveying device is also adjusted, in this embodiment, the spiral blade 21 of the first spiral conveying device 10 extends from the end portion on the left side of the conveying cylinder 19, passes through the upper opening 14, and then extends to the lower opening 15 on the right side, that is, the spiral blade 21 is inclined to the left side of the conveying cylinder 19, so that the material can directly fall on the spiral blade 21 after entering from the upper opening 14, and then falls into the next spiral conveying device from the lower opening 15 after being driven by the spiral blade 21; the positions of the adjacent helical blades 21 inclined to the conveying cylinder 19 are different, that is, the helical blades 21 of the second screw conveyer 11 extend from the right end of the conveying cylinder 19 to the lower opening 15 on the left; the helical blades 21 of the third helical conveying device 12 and the fourth helical conveying device 13 are distributed according to the above rule, so that the material accumulation in the conveying cylinder 19 can be reduced, and the material conveying efficiency is improved.

Every screw conveyer all is equipped with one drive arrangement 18 links to each other with its screw that corresponds, this drive arrangement 18 also can erect on support frame 17, every drive arrangement 18 independent control its corresponding screw slew velocity, can be according to the demand adjustment in the cracking process among every screw conveyer the slew velocity of helical blade 21 for the material is in every the time of transportation is inequality in the screw conveyer, because high temperature flue gas transports from bottom to top, the inside temperature of interior casing 1 also can be from bottom to top reduce gradually, consequently adjusts every screw conveyer the slew velocity of helical blade 21, the dwell time of adjustable material in every different temperature layer, thereby the cracking process of messenger's material is more abundant. In addition, the temperature in the interior casing 1 from last down gradually increases, and this temperature variation satisfies the temperature demand that gradually increases among the material cracking process equally for the heat of high temperature flue gas can fully be utilized, still can reduce the energy consumption when improving the schizolysis quality.

The spiral exhaust passage in the cracking furnace comprises an air outlet 8 communicated with the inner shell 1 and a plurality of guide plates 22 distributed between adjacent spiral conveying devices, the guide plates 22 are sleeved outside the middle position of the conveying cylinder 19, the guide plates 22 extend to the wall of the inner shell 1 and are connected with the wall of the inner shell 1, and a plurality of vent holes are formed in the guide plates 22; the gas between the adjacent spiral conveying devices can be discharged only from the vent holes of the guide plate 22, so that the function of guiding the gas flow direction is realized, and the transportation of the cracked gas generated inside the inner shell 1 in the channel between the adjacent spiral conveying devices is realized.

The diameter of the conveying cylinder 19 is smaller than the width of the inner shell 1, so that a gap for transmitting pyrolysis gas is formed between the conveying cylinder 19 and the shell wall of the inner shell 1, pyrolysis gas can be transported from the gap between the tube wall of the conveying cylinder 19 and the inner shell 1 to a channel between adjacent spiral conveying devices in the previous layer after passing through the vent hole 23, for example, pyrolysis gas inside the inner shell 1 is transported from the vent hole 23 between the fourth spiral conveying device 13 and the third spiral conveying device 12, pyrolysis gas passes through the side edge of the tube wall of the third spiral conveying device 12 and enters the channel between the second spiral conveying device 11 and the third spiral conveying device 12, and then pyrolysis gas similarly passes through the channel between the second spiral conveying device 11 and the first spiral conveying device 10 and then enters the channel between the first spiral conveying device 10 and the top of the inner shell 1, and the pyrolysis gas is discharged from the gas outlet 8 to form a spiral exhaust channel, so that the time of the pyrolysis gas in the high-temperature inner shell 1 is prolonged, the pyrolysis process is more sufficient, and the pyrolysis gas flowing in the spiral exhaust channel can have uniform temperature.

Because combustible substances exist in the cracking gas, gate valves are arranged at the positions of the feed port 4, the discharge port 5, the smoke inlet 6, the smoke outlet 7, the gas outlet 8 and the like, so that the safety accident caused by gas mixing in the cracking furnace can be avoided.

Besides, the spiral discharging device 24 is arranged at the discharge opening 5, and a cooling device is sleeved outside the spiral discharging device 24.

In addition, partial residual heat still exists after the materials are subjected to high-temperature treatment, in order to facilitate the collection of the materials, a spiral discharging device 24 is arranged right below a discharge port 5 at the bottom of the inner shell 1, and a cooling device is sleeved outside the spiral discharging device 24, so that the materials in the spiral discharging device 24 are cooled; a slag inlet 25 is arranged at the position of the spiral discharging device 24 corresponding to the discharge port 5, a slag discharge port 26 is arranged at one end of the spiral discharging device 24, a gate valve is externally connected to the discharge port 5, and the materials can be discharged after the gate valve is opened; similarly, in order to accelerate the transportation speed of the material in the spiral discharging device 24, the structure of the spiral discharging device 24 is set to be the same as the internal structure of the spiral conveying device, the driving device 18 drives the spiral shaft 20 of the spiral discharging device 24 to rotate, so that the material in the spiral discharging device 24 can be transported to the slag discharging port 26, and meanwhile, the material can accelerate the temperature loss of the material through the rotation of the spiral blade 21, so that the cooling speed is accelerated.

Because the expansion amount of the inner shell 1 and the outer shell 2 is different, the expansion joint 3 is arranged on the conveying cylinder 19, and because the expansion joint 3 has large axial flexibility and is easy to deform, the problem that the expansion of the conveying cylinder 19 is inconsistent with the expansion of the outer shell 2 can be solved, so that the thermal expansion difference of the conveying cylinder 19 caused by different wall temperatures can be compensated, and the probability of deformation or breakage of the conveying cylinder 19 is reduced.

In addition, be equipped with a plurality of access hole 27 on the pyrolysis furnace, its access hole 27 runs through shell body 2 with interior casing 1, access hole 27 utilizes the blind flange to seal at the pyrolysis furnace during operation, can open the blind flange when the pyrolysis furnace is out of work, directly inspects through access hole 27 the equipment condition in the interior casing 1. Meanwhile, a heating sleeve safety valve interface and a cracking gas safety valve interface are also arranged on the cracking furnace, the heating sleeve safety valve interface is communicated with the gap 9, and the cracking gas safety valve interface is communicated with the inner space of the inner shell 1; the interface is connected with the corresponding safety valve to improve the safety of the cracking furnace.

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage spiral cracking furnace, comprising:

the outer shell is sleeved outside the inner shell;

an inner housing having a gap therebetween;

2. The multi-stage spiral cracking furnace of claim 1, wherein the spiral conveying devices comprise a conveying cylinder, spiral devices and driving devices, the driving devices are erected on the supporting frames, the spiral devices are installed in the conveying cylinder, each spiral conveying device is independently provided with one driving device connected with the spiral device, and each driving device independently controls the rotation speed of the corresponding spiral device.

3. The multi-stage spiral cracking furnace of claim 2, wherein the diameter of the transport cylinder is smaller than the width of the inner housing, and a gap for pyrolysis gas to flow is formed between the transport cylinder and the wall of the inner housing.

4. The multi-stage spiral cracking furnace of claim 2, wherein the spiral device comprises a spiral shaft and a spiral blade, the spiral blade is sleeved outside the spiral shaft, the spiral shaft penetrates through the conveying cylinder body, two ends of the spiral shaft extend out of the conveying cylinder body and are fixed on the supporting frame through a bearing seat, and the end part of the spiral shaft is connected with the driving device.

5. The multi-stage spiral cracking furnace of claim 4, wherein the length of the spiral blade is less than the length of the transport cylinder, and the spiral blade extends from the opening of one end of the transport cylinder to the other end of the transport cylinder, such that the spiral blade is inclined to the left or right side of the transport cylinder.

6. The multi-stage spiral cracking furnace of claim 1, wherein the length of the spiral conveying means located at the lowermost portion of the inner shell is shorter than the remaining length of the spiral conveying means, and the end portion communicates with the inner space of the inner shell.

7. The multi-stage spiral cracking furnace of claim 1, wherein a spiral discharging device is provided at the discharging port, and a cooling device is sleeved outside the spiral discharging device.

8. The multi-stage spiral cracking furnace of claim 2, wherein the transport cylinder is provided with an expansion joint.

9. The multi-stage spiral cracking furnace of claim 1, further comprising a heating jacket safety valve interface and a cracked gas safety valve interface, the heating jacket safety valve interface being in communication with the flue gas inlet channel; the interface of the cracking gas safety valve is communicated with the inner space of the inner shell.