CN109332355B - High-temperature melting treatment device and process for dangerous waste - Google Patents
High-temperature melting treatment device and process for dangerous waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN109332355B CN109332355B CN201811109333.2A CN201811109333A CN109332355B CN 109332355 B CN109332355 B CN 109332355B CN 201811109333 A CN201811109333 A CN 201811109333A CN 109332355 B CN109332355 B CN 109332355B
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 141
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature melting treatment device and a high-temperature melting treatment process for hazardous waste, and belongs to the field of hazardous waste treatment equipment. The device comprises a crushing device and a homogenization warehouse, a two-stage drying device, a sintering machine, an automatic feeding device, a high-temperature melting furnace, an exhaust gas treatment facility and a water quenching tank which are connected through a conveying facility. The hazardous waste can be crushed, homogenized, dried in two stages, sintered, melted at high temperature and quenched in water in sequence, and finally the harmless glass body is obtained. The high-temperature melting device for the hazardous waste can realize vitrification treatment of the hazardous waste so as to meet the requirement of subsequent industrialized application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hazardous waste treatment equipment, and particularly relates to a hazardous waste high-temperature melting treatment device and a hazardous waste high-temperature melting treatment process.
Background
The field of hazardous waste treatment has a problem, and harmless and recycling of hazardous waste cannot be thoroughly realized. To solve this problem, a common technique is cement kiln co-disposal, but many hazardous wastes cannot be cement kiln co-disposal due to the need to control the quality of cement. On the basis, the high-temperature melting technology of dangerous wastes is widely focused on the characteristics of harmlessness and recycling, but the problems of ignoring the characteristics of materials and the influence of pollutants in the materials on the process according to the query of the existing patent and application cases, not focusing on pretreatment, and having a single process route also result in few application cases, narrow material treatment range and most of the materials still in the test stage at present.
Compared with CN201610849205.6, the process of CN201610849205.6 is that the raw materials are burned and then melted, and the melted raw materials are burned waste residues, which are obviously different from the process of the invention, wherein the process of burning does not exist in the invention, and the rest of the melted raw materials are non-burned waste residues.
Therefore, the invention starts from practical operation experience and constructs a perfect dangerous waste high-temperature melting system, which comprises the procedures of crushing, homogenizing, two-stage drying, sintering, batching, melting, water quenching, heat recovery, waste gas treatment and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of short plates in the high-temperature melting process of dangerous wastes and provides a high-temperature melting treatment device for the dangerous wastes, so that the high-temperature melting of the dangerous wastes becomes a more stable and wider-application-range dangerous waste treatment process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-temperature melting treatment device for dangerous wastes comprises a crushing device, a homogenization warehouse, a track type drying kiln, a multi-section shearing crushing dryer, a sintering machine, a high-temperature melting furnace and a water quenching tank; the material outlet of the crushing device is connected with a homogenizing warehouse, a homogenizing device for homogenizing materials is arranged in the homogenizing warehouse, and a material pit is arranged on one side of the homogenizing warehouse; the top of the track type drying kiln is provided with a first feed inlet and a first waste gas discharge outlet, the pit is connected with the first feed inlet of the track type drying kiln through a conveyor belt, the bottom of the track type drying kiln is provided with a first discharge outlet, a plurality of tracks for conveying materials are arranged in the kiln body, the tracks are arranged in parallel in layers, the running directions of two adjacent tracks are opposite, the material falling from the tail end of the upper track is continuously conveyed by the lower track, and the first discharge outlet is arranged at the tail end of the lowest track; the top of the multi-section shearing crushing dryer is provided with a second waste gas discharge port and a second feed port, and materials falling from the first discharge port enter the multi-section shearing crushing dryer from the second feed port; the vertical inner cavity of the multi-section shearing and crushing dryer is divided into a plurality of crushing sections through staggered transverse partition plates, each crushing section is provided with a shearing and crushing device, materials falling from the last crushing section enter the shearing and crushing device of the next crushing section, and the bottom of the multi-section shearing and crushing dryer is provided with a second discharge port; the kiln tail of the sintering machine is provided with a third feeding hole, the kiln head is provided with a third discharging hole, and materials output by the second discharging hole are conveyed to the third feeding hole through a conveyor belt and enter the sintering machine kiln body; the top of the high-temperature melting furnace is provided with a fourth feed port and a fourth waste gas discharge port, the third discharge port is connected with the fourth feed port through a feeding device, a molten pool is arranged below the fourth feed port of the high-temperature melting furnace, a heating device for providing melting heat is arranged in the molten pool, the side wall of the molten pool is provided with a fourth discharge port, and the tail end of the fourth discharge port is positioned above the water quenching tank; the side wall of the water quenching tank is provided with a circulating water inlet and a circulating water outlet, and the inner cavity is provided with a slag discharging device; the sintering machine and the high-temperature melting furnace are both provided with heat energy exchangers for recovering heat of flue gas, a first air blower is arranged in the track type drying kiln, a second air blower is arranged in the multi-section shearing crushing dryer, a hot air outlet of the heat energy exchanger in the sintering machine is connected with an air inlet of the first air blower through a pipeline, and a hot air outlet of the heat energy exchanger in the high-temperature melting furnace is connected with an air inlet of the second air blower through a pipeline.
Preferably, the first air blower is arranged at one side of the tail end of the lowest track in the track type drying kiln, and the air blowing direction of the first air blower is opposite to the advancing direction of the materials on the track.
Preferably, the second air blower is arranged at one side of the tail end of the lowest crushing section of the multi-section shearing crushing dryer, and the air blowing direction of the second air blower is opposite to the advancing direction of the materials in the crushing section.
Preferably, the heating device is a natural gas combustion air supplementing integrated pipe connected with an external natural gas supply device.
Preferably, a mechanical grab and an electric shovel are arranged in the homogenization warehouse.
Preferably, the sintering machine kiln body is arranged on the sintering machine supporting seat.
Preferably, the device further comprises a first waste gas treatment device and a second waste gas treatment device, waste gas generated in the track type drying kiln and the multistage shearing crushing dryer is connected with the second waste gas treatment device through a waste gas pipeline, and waste gas generated in the sintering machine and the high-temperature melting furnace is connected with the first waste gas treatment device through a waste gas pipeline.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for high-temperature melting treatment of hazardous waste using the above-mentioned apparatus for high-temperature melting treatment of hazardous waste, comprising the steps of:
1) Inputting dangerous waste to be treated from a feed inlet of a crushing device, and crushing materials with the particle size of more than 3 mm;
2) Inputting the crushed materials into a homogenizing warehouse, and homogenizing the crushed materials with other materials to be treated in the homogenizing warehouse according to a preset proportion;
3) The obtained homogenized material is input into a first feed inlet of a track type drying kiln, the material is conveyed to a first discharge outlet layer by layer from the first feed inlet under the drive of a track, and in the conveying process, hot air is reversely blown into the material along the conveying direction by a first air blower, and the hot air is provided by a heat energy exchanger in a sintering machine;
4) Inputting the materials output by the first discharge port of the track type drying kiln into a multi-section shearing crushing dryer from the second feed port again, and enabling the materials to fall to the uppermost crushing section under the action of gravity and be sheared and crushed by a shearing crushing device of the crushing section; the crushed materials continue to fall into the next crushing section under the guidance of the transverse partition plate, and are continuously sheared and crushed by the shearing and crushing device of the section; the final material is output from the second outlet at the lowest part; in the material falling process, reversely blowing hot air along the conveying direction of the material by using a second air blower, wherein the hot air is provided by a heat energy exchanger in the high-temperature melting furnace;
5) The dried and crushed materials output from the second discharge port are lifted by a conveyor belt and then are input into a sintering machine from a third feed port, the materials are sintered in a kiln body of the sintering machine, and the sintered materials are output from the third discharge port;
6) After the sintered materials and other supplementary components output by the third discharge port are uniformly mixed according to the proportion, quantitatively conveying the materials into a high-temperature melting furnace through a feeding device, enabling the materials to enter a molten pool from a fourth feed port and realize melting under the heating of a heating device, and discharging the melted materials from the fourth discharge port;
7) Automatically flowing the molten material discharged from the fourth discharge port into a water quenching tank, and forming glass particles through rapid cooling; in the water quenching process, circulating cooling water in the water quenching tank is circulated through the circulating water inlet and the circulating water outlet;
8) The waste gas generated in the track type drying kiln and the multi-section shearing crushing dryer is input into a second waste gas treatment device through a waste gas pipeline for treatment; the waste gas generated in the sintering machine and the high-temperature melting furnace is input into the first waste gas treatment device for treatment through the waste gas pipeline.
Preferably, the first exhaust gas treatment device is used for secondary combustion, quenching, denitration, desulfurization, deacidification and dust removal of the exhaust gas and then discharging, and the second exhaust gas treatment device is used for condensation and dust removal of the exhaust gas.
Preferably, the hazardous waste is silicon-containing, alkali-containing or flammable hazardous waste in the national hazardous waste directory; the grain diameter of the crushed materials in the step 1) is less than 3 mm; the water content of the homogenized mixture in the step 2) is 25% -70%; the water content of the materials after being dried in the track type drying kiln in the step 3) is between 20 and 35 percent, the drying temperature is between 200 and 300 ℃, and the retention time is between 1 and 1.5 hours; the water content of the mixture materials after being dried and crushed by the multi-section shearing crushing dryer in the step 4) is between 10 percent and 15 percent, the grain diameter is between 10 and 20mm, the drying temperature is 300 ℃ to 500 ℃ and the residence time is 0.8 to 1.2 hours; the sintering time of the materials in the step 5) is 1-2 hours, and the sintering temperature is 800-1100 ℃; the proportion of other supplementary components in the step 6) is 10% -25% of the sintering material, the water content of the supplementary components is less than 10%, the supplementary components comprise solid fuel, combustible dangerous waste and materials rich in silicon and alkali metals, and the proportion of the silicon and the alkali metals is 30% -45%; the retention time of the materials in the high-temperature melting furnace in the step 6) is 2 to 4 hours, and the melting temperature is 1200 to 1500 ℃; the water temperature in the water quenching tank in the step 7) is controlled below 50 ℃ through cooling water circulation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can improve the uniformity of materials through crushing and homogenization, thereby improving the effects of sintering and high-temperature melting; after drying and sintering, organic matters and moisture in the materials can be effectively removed, so that the fluctuation of the characteristics of the materials which enter high-temperature melting is small, the subsequent process is stable, and the skinning risk in the sintering process can be greatly reduced through secondary batching. The high-temperature melting is a process with wide treatment range and stable operation.
Because most of the dangerous wastes have complex components and the characteristic differences of different dangerous wastes are obvious, the invention is provided with the crushing and homogenizing section, so that the materials entering the subsequent process are relatively stable; most of the dangerous waste has water content higher than 60%, and a large amount of water enters high Wen Gongduan to increase energy consumption, so that drying is arranged, the drying is easy to cause hardening of materials, and shearing and crushing are arranged at the latter half section; part of dangerous waste contains halogen such as fluorine and chlorine and organic pollutants, and the part of the substances can be effectively removed in a sintering ring, so that the pressure of a subsequent melting link is reduced, the service life of melting equipment is prolonged, and the stable emission of smoke is ensured; the hazardous waste after drying, sintering and melting is mainly composed of oxides, and glass bodies can be formed through water quenching after reasonable proportioning, so that harmless treatment is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hazardous waste high temperature melting system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a track type drying kiln;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a track type drying kiln;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a multi-stage shear crushing dryer;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a sintering machine;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the results of a high temperature melting furnace and a water quench tank.
Wherein, the reference numerals: crushing device 1, homogenization silo 2, pit 3, track-type drying kiln 4, multistage shearing crushing dryer 5, sintering machine 6, feeding device 7, high-temperature melting furnace 8, water quenching tank 9, first hot-air pipe 10, second hot-air pipe 11, first exhaust gas treatment device 12, second exhaust gas treatment device 13, first feed port 14, first exhaust gas discharge port 15, track 16, first blower 17, first discharge port 18, second exhaust gas discharge port 19, second feed port 20, shearing crushing device 21, second blower 22, second discharge port 23, third feed port 24, sintering machine support seat 25, sintering machine kiln body 26, third discharge port 27, fourth feed port 28, fourth exhaust gas discharge port 29, heating device 30, molten pool 31, fourth discharge port 32, circulating water inlet 34, circulating water outlet 35, slag discharging device 36.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same or equivalent purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a high-temperature melting treatment apparatus for hazardous waste according to an embodiment of the present invention. The main structure of the processing device comprises a crushing device 1, a homogenization warehouse 2, a track type drying kiln 4, a multi-section shearing crushing dryer 5, a sintering machine 6, a high-temperature melting furnace 8 and a water quenching tank 9.
The crushing device 1 may be a crusher or the like, the crushing of which has an adjustable discharge particle size. The discharge port of the crushing device 1 is connected with the inlet of a homogenization warehouse 2 through a conveyor belt, the homogenization warehouse 2 is a structure for homogenizing materials, and a homogenizing device for homogenizing the materials is arranged in the homogenization warehouse. The homogenization silo 2 can store homogenized materials, and can also store materials which do not need to be crushed but need to be subjected to subsequent drying, sintering and melting treatments. The homogenizing device may be a device capable of achieving a stirring and mixing function, and in this embodiment, a mechanical grab and an electric shovel are used. One side of the homogenizing warehouse 2 is provided with a material pit 3 for preventing homogenized materials, a conveyor belt is arranged at the material pit 3, and the homogenized materials are placed on the conveyor belt through a grab bucket and conveyed to the subsequent process. The homogenization warehouse 2 is provided with a two-section type drying device, wherein the first section is a track type drying kiln 4, and the second section is a multi-section type shearing crushing dryer 5.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the track type drying kiln 4 is a kiln body for drying materials, a first feed opening 14 and a first exhaust gas discharge opening 15 are arranged at the top of the kiln body, the position of the pit 3 is connected with the first feed opening 14 of the track type drying kiln 4 through a conveyor belt, and homogenized materials can enter the kiln from the first feed opening 14. The bottom of the rail-type drying kiln 4 is provided with a first discharge hole 18, and a plurality of rails 16 for conveying materials are arranged in the kiln body, which is 3 in the embodiment. The 3 tracks 16 are arranged in parallel in a layered manner, the running directions of the two tracks 16 which are adjacent up and down are opposite, and the material falling position at the tail end of the upper track 16 is provided with an arc-shaped guide plate which guides the material to the front section of the lower track 16, so that the material falling from the tail end of the upper track 16 can be continuously conveyed by the lower track 16. The first discharge port 18 is disposed at the end of the lowermost rail 16, and the material can be directly discharged from the first discharge port 18 from the rail. The drying effect in the track type drying kiln 4 is realized through hot air, a first air blower 17 is arranged on one side of the tail end of the lowest track 16 in the track type drying kiln 4, the air blowing direction of the first air blower 17 is opposite to the advancing direction of materials on the track 16, hot air is blown in from the tail end of the lowest track 16, then reversely blown to the front end of the track 16, and then turned 180 degrees again to enter the upper track 16, and finally discharged from the first exhaust gas discharge port 15. The heat of the hot air in the track kiln 4 can be provided by a sintering machine 6 in the subsequent section of the device, the specific form of which will be described in detail later.
The multistage shearing and crushing dryer 5 is arranged below the track type drying kiln 4. As shown in fig. 4, the track type drying kiln 4 is a vertical kiln body, and a second exhaust gas discharge port 19 and a second feeding port 20 are arranged at the top of the vertical kiln body. The second feed inlet 20 is just arranged below the first discharge outlet 18, and the material falling from the first discharge outlet 18 of the track type drying kiln 4 can directly fall into the multi-section shearing and crushing dryer 5 from the second feed inlet 20. A plurality of transverse partition boards are arranged in the inner cavity of the vertical kiln body of the multi-section shearing crushing dryer 5, the transverse partition boards are staggered on the side wall of the vertical kiln body to form a zigzag circulation channel, and a crushing section is arranged between the two transverse partition boards. The transverse partition plate should have a certain gradient so that the material can slide down by itself under the action of gravity. Each section of crushing section is provided with a shearing and crushing device 21, and the shearing and crushing device 21 can be a shearing and crushing machine or can be a crushing blade rotating at a high speed directly. The materials falling from the crushing section of the previous section enter the shearing and crushing device 21 of the crushing section of the next section, and are further crushed, so that the hardening phenomenon of the materials in the drying process of the track type drying kiln 4 of the first section is solved. The bottom of the multi-section shearing crushing dryer 5 is provided with a second discharge hole 23 from which crushed materials after secondary drying are discharged. The drying effect in the multistage shearing and crushing dryer 5 is realized by hot air. A second air blower 22 is arranged at one side of the lowest crushing section of the multistage shearing crushing dryer 5, the air blowing direction of the second air blower 22 is opposite to the advancing direction of materials in the crushing section, hot air blown by the second air blower 22 flows upwards layer by layer along a zigzag circulation channel, and finally is discharged from a second waste gas discharge port 19. The heat of the hot air in the multistage shear crushing dryer 5 can be provided by a high temperature melting furnace 8 in the subsequent section of the device, the specific form of which will be described in detail later.
The sintering machine 6 is disposed downstream of the multistage shear crushing dryer 5. As shown in fig. 5, the sintering machine is a rotary kiln, the kiln tail of the sintering machine 6 is provided with a third feeding hole 24, and the kiln head is provided with a third discharging hole 27. The second outlet 23 of the multistage shearing and crushing dryer 5 is lower, so that the output material is lifted by the conveyor belt and then conveyed to the third inlet 24 to enter the sintering kiln body 26. The sintering kiln body 26 has a certain inclination, the kiln head is lower, and the kiln tail is higher, so that materials can flow in the kiln body automatically. The sintering kiln body 26 can be heated by natural gas, and other heating sintering modes can be adopted. The sintering machine kiln body 26 is erected on the sintering machine supporting seat 25 to realize overhead support.
As shown in fig. 6, the high temperature melting furnace 8 is used for melting the dried, crushed and sintered material. The shell of the high-temperature melting furnace 8 is made of high-temperature resistant materials, and a fourth feed port 28 and a fourth waste gas discharge port 29 are arranged at the top. The third outlet 27 of the sintering machine 6 is connected with the inlet of the feeder 7, and the feeding amount to the high-temperature melting furnace 8 is controlled by the feeder 7. Since it may be necessary to add other components during the melting process, the feeder 7 may be provided with additional multiple feed ports for mixing the materials before delivering them to the high temperature melting furnace 8. The discharge port of the feeding device 7 is connected with a fourth feed port 28 of the high-temperature melting furnace 8, a molten pool 31 for melting materials is arranged below the fourth feed port 28, and a heating device 30 for providing melting heat is arranged in the molten pool 31. The heating device 30 may be any device capable of melting materials, and may be open fire, electric heating, or the like, and in this embodiment, the heating device 30 adopts a natural gas combustion air supplementing integrated pipe, and an inlet of the integrated pipe is connected with an external natural gas supply device. The natural gas combustion air supplementing integrated pipe is a natural gas combustion pipe with an air supplementing function, natural gas and air supplied by an external natural gas supply device can enter the pipe together, then the natural gas and the air are sprayed out from a nozzle, and materials are heated and melted in a spray flame mode. The melted material is stored in a molten pool 31, and a fourth discharge outlet 32 is arranged on the side wall of the molten pool 31 at a certain height. The fourth discharging hole 32 is a high-temperature-resistant pipeline, the tail end of the pipeline is positioned above the water quenching tank 9, and the molten liquid can directly fall into the open water quenching tank 9 under the action of gravity. The water quenching tank 9 is an open tank body, and the side wall of the water quenching tank is provided with a circulating water inlet 34 and a circulating water outlet 35, so that cooling water can be input into the circulating water inlet 34 through a water pump and then discharged from the circulating water outlet 35, and the internal water temperature can be kept in a circulating way. During use, the water quenching tank 9 will have some residue deposited, so that the inner cavity of the water quenching tank needs to be provided with a slag discharging device 36. The slag discharging device 36 may employ various slag discharging apparatuses in the prior art.
In addition, in the invention, as the sintering machine 6 and the high-temperature melting furnace 8 are both provided with external energy input, more heat exists in the discharged flue gas, and the part of heat can be used in the two-stage drying process of the track type drying kiln 4 and the multi-stage shearing crushing dryer 5. The specific implementation mode is as follows: the inner cavities of the sintering machine 6 and the high-temperature melting furnace 8 are respectively provided with a heat energy exchanger for recovering the flue gas heat, and the heat energy exchangers can be structures such as tube plate heat exchangers, plate-fin heat exchangers and the like. The external cold air is input into the heat exchange tube of the heat energy exchanger, exchanges heat with external hot flue gas through the wall of the heat exchange tube, and is output from the hot air outlet. As described above, the first blower 17 is provided in the track-type drying kiln 4, and the second blower 22 is provided in the multistage shearing and crushing dryer 5, so that the hot air outlet of the heat energy exchanger in the sintering machine 6 is connected to the air inlet of the first blower 17 through the second hot air pipe 11, and the hot air outlet of the heat energy exchanger in the high-temperature melting furnace 8 is connected to the air inlet of the second blower 22 through the first hot air pipe 10. The suction force is generated by the negative pressure suction of the first blower 17 and the second blower 22, and the hot air is continuously input into each drying section, so that the flue gas waste heat utilization is realized.
In addition, since a large amount of flue gas is generated during the treatment of the treatment device, the first exhaust gas treatment device 12 and the second exhaust gas treatment device 13 need to be provided. The first exhaust gas treatment device 12 and the second exhaust gas treatment device 13 may be identical or different, and their types may be determined according to the properties of different exhaust gases. In general, the properties of the exhaust gases produced in the track kiln 4 and in the multistage shear crushing dryer 5 are similar, both being connected to the second exhaust gas treatment device 13 by means of an exhaust gas duct; the components of the exhaust gas generated in the sintering machine 6 and the high-temperature melting furnace 8 are complex, and both are connected to the first exhaust gas treatment device 12 through an exhaust gas pipe. In the present embodiment, the first exhaust gas treatment device 12 includes a condenser, a secondary combustion chamber, a quenching facility, a denitration facility, a desulfurization facility, a deacidification facility, and a dust removal facility, and the second exhaust gas treatment device 13 includes a condenser and a dust removal facility.
Since most of the dangerous wastes have complex components and the characteristic differences of different dangerous wastes are obvious, the treatment device of the invention is provided with the crushing and homogenizing working sections in advance, so that the materials entering the subsequent working procedures are relatively stable. In addition, most of the dangerous wastes have water content higher than 60%, and a large amount of water enters high Wen Gongduan to increase energy consumption, so that two-stage drying is provided. The reason for dividing the drying process into two sections is that in the primary drying process, the materials are easy to generate hardening phenomenon and have adverse effects on the subsequent sintering process, so that shearing and crushing are arranged in the latter half of the drying process. In addition, part of dangerous waste contains halogen such as fluorine and chlorine and organic pollutants, and the part of substances can be effectively removed in a sintering ring, so that the pressure of a subsequent melting link is reduced, the service life of melting equipment is prolonged, and the stable discharge of smoke is ensured. The hazardous waste after drying, sintering and melting has the main component of oxide, and can form a glass body through water quenching after reasonable proportioning, thereby realizing harmless.
In the invention, the treated hazardous waste is silicon-containing, alkali-containing or flammable hazardous waste in the national hazardous waste directory (2016 edition), and the waste residues can form glass melt after reasonable proportioning, wherein the silicon-containing and alkali-containing waste residues can be waste residues in the burning industry and waste residues in the metallurgical industry, and organic matters in the flammable hazardous waste can be burnt at high temperature, so that the energy consumption is reduced.
Based on the dangerous waste high-temperature melting treatment device, the dangerous waste high-temperature melting treatment method can also be provided, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) Dangerous waste to be treated is input from a feed inlet of the crushing device 1, materials with the particle size larger than 3 mm are crushed, and crushing steps can be skipped without crushing materials.
2) The crushed materials are input into a homogenization warehouse 2 and homogenized with other materials to be treated in the homogenization warehouse 2 according to a preset proportion.
3) The homogenized material is fed into the first feed opening 14 of the track-type kiln 4, the material is transported layer by layer from the first feed opening 14 to the first discharge opening 18 under the drive of the track 16, and in the transportation process, hot air is reversely blown into the material in the material transportation direction by the first blower 17, and the hot air is provided by the heat energy exchanger in the sintering machine 6.
4) The materials output by the first discharge port 18 of the track type drying kiln 4 are input into the multi-section shearing crushing dryer 5 from the second feed port 20 again, and the materials fall to the uppermost crushing section under the action of gravity and are sheared and crushed by the shearing crushing device 21 of the crushing section; the crushed materials continue to fall into the next crushing section under the guidance of the transverse partition plates, and are continuously sheared and crushed by the shearing and crushing device 21 of the section; the final material is output from the second outlet 23 at the lowest part; during the falling of the material, hot air is blown in the direction of conveyance of the material by means of the second blower 22 in a reverse direction, the hot air being supplied by the heat exchanger in the high-temperature melting furnace 8.
5) The dried and crushed materials output from the second discharge hole 23 are lifted by a conveyor belt and then are input into the sintering machine 6 from the third feed hole 24, the materials are sintered in the sintering machine kiln body 26, and the sintered materials are output from the third discharge hole 27; the heat required for sintering is provided by the combustible components in the material and the externally added natural gas.
6) After the sintered materials and other supplementary components output by the third discharge port 27 are uniformly mixed according to the proportion, the materials are quantitatively conveyed into the high-temperature melting furnace 8 through the feeding device 7, enter the molten pool 31 from the fourth feed port 28 and are melted under the heating of the heating device 30, and the melted materials are discharged from the fourth discharge port 32.
7) The molten material discharged from the fourth discharge hole 32 automatically flows into the water quenching tank 9, and glass particles are formed by rapid cooling; in the water quenching process, the cooling water in the water quenching tank 9 is circulated through the circulating water inlet 34 and the circulating water outlet 35.
8) The exhaust gas generated in the track type drying kiln 4 and the multi-section shearing crushing dryer 5 is input into a second exhaust gas treatment device 13 for treatment through an exhaust gas pipeline; the exhaust gas generated in the sintering machine 6 and the high-temperature melting furnace 8 is fed into the first exhaust gas treatment device 12 through an exhaust gas pipe for treatment. The exhaust gas is discharged after secondary combustion, quenching, denitration, desulfurization, deacidification and dust removal in the first exhaust gas treatment device 12, and the exhaust gas is condensed and subjected to dust removal in the second exhaust gas treatment device 13.
In this embodiment, specific parameters of each step can be controlled as follows:
the particle size of the crushed material in the step 1) is less than 3 mm. The water content of the homogenized mixture in the step 2) is 25-70%. In the step 3), the water content of the dried materials in the track type drying kiln 4 is between 20 and 35 percent, the drying temperature is between 200 and 300 ℃, and the retention time is between 1 and 1.5 hours. In the step 4), the water content of the mixture materials after being dried and crushed by the multistage shearing crushing dryer 5 is between 10 and 15 percent, the particle size is between 10 and 20mm, the drying temperature is between 300 and 500 ℃, and the residence time is between 0.8 and 1.2 hours. The sintering time of the materials in the step 5) is 1-2 hours, and the sintering temperature is 800-1100 ℃. The proportion of other supplementary components in the step 6) is 10% -25% of the sintering material, the water content of the supplementary components is less than 10%, and the supplementary components comprise solid fuel, combustible dangerous waste and materials rich in silicon and alkali metals, wherein the proportion of the silicon and the alkali metals is 30% -45%. The retention time of the materials in the high-temperature melting furnace 8 in the step 6) is 2 to 4 hours, and the melting temperature is 1200 to 1500 ℃. The water temperature in the water quenching tank 9 in the step 7) is controlled below 50 ℃ through cooling water circulation.
The above embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all the technical schemes obtained by adopting the equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-temperature melting treatment device for the hazardous wastes is characterized by comprising a crushing device (1), a homogenization warehouse (2), a track type drying kiln (4), a multi-section shearing crushing dryer (5), a sintering machine (6), a high-temperature melting furnace (8) and a water quenching tank (9); the discharge hole of the crushing device (1) is connected with a homogenizing warehouse (2), a homogenizing device for homogenizing materials is arranged in the homogenizing warehouse (2), and a material pit (3) is arranged at one side of the homogenizing warehouse (2); the top of the track type drying kiln (4) is provided with a first feed inlet (14) and a first waste gas discharge outlet (15), the pit (3) is connected with the first feed inlet (14) of the track type drying kiln (4) through a conveyor belt, the bottom of the track type drying kiln (4) is provided with a first discharge outlet (18), a plurality of tracks (16) for conveying materials are arranged in the kiln body, the tracks (16) are arranged in parallel in layers, the running directions of two tracks (16) which are adjacent up and down are opposite, the materials falling from the tail end of the upper track (16) are continuously conveyed by the lower track (16), and the first discharge outlet (18) is arranged at the tail end of the track (16) at the lowest position; the top of the multi-section shearing crushing dryer (5) is provided with a second waste gas discharge port (19) and a second feed port (20), and materials falling from the first discharge port (18) enter the multi-section shearing crushing dryer (5) from the second feed port (20); the vertical inner cavity of the multi-section shearing crushing dryer (5) is divided into a plurality of crushing sections through staggered transverse partition plates, each crushing section is provided with a shearing crushing device (21), materials falling from the last crushing section enter the shearing crushing device (21) of the next crushing section, and the bottom of the multi-section shearing crushing dryer (5) is provided with a second discharge hole (23); a third feeding hole (24) is formed in the kiln tail of the sintering machine (6), a third discharging hole (27) is formed in the kiln head, and materials output by the second discharging hole (23) are conveyed to the third feeding hole (24) through a conveying belt and enter the sintering machine kiln body (26); the top of the high-temperature melting furnace (8) is provided with a fourth feed inlet (28) and a fourth waste gas discharge outlet (29), the third discharge outlet (27) is connected with the fourth feed inlet (28) through a feeding device (7), a molten pool (31) is arranged below the fourth feed inlet (28) of the high-temperature melting furnace (8), a heating device (30) for providing melting heat is arranged in the molten pool (31), the side wall of the molten pool (31) is provided with a fourth discharge outlet (32), and the tail end of the fourth discharge outlet (32) is positioned above the water quenching tank (9); the side wall of the water quenching tank (9) is provided with a circulating water inlet (34) and a circulating water outlet (35), and the inner cavity is provided with a slag discharging device (36); the sintering machine (6) and the high-temperature melting furnace (8) are both provided with heat energy exchangers for recovering smoke heat, the track type drying kiln (4) is provided with a first air blower (17), the multistage shearing crushing dryer (5) is provided with a second air blower (22), a hot air outlet of the heat energy exchanger in the sintering machine (6) is connected with an air inlet of the first air blower (17) through a pipeline, and a hot air outlet of the heat energy exchanger in the high-temperature melting furnace (8) is connected with an air inlet of the second air blower (22) through a pipeline.
2. The high-temperature melting treatment device for dangerous waste according to claim 1, wherein the first air blower (17) is arranged at one side of the tail end of the lowest track (16) in the track type drying kiln (4), and the air blowing direction of the first air blower (17) is opposite to the advancing direction of materials on the track (16).
3. The high-temperature melting treatment device for dangerous waste according to claim 1, wherein the second air blower (22) is arranged at one side of the tail end of the lowest crushing section in the multi-section shearing crushing dryer (5), and the air blowing direction of the second air blower (22) is opposite to the advancing direction of materials in the crushing section.
4. The high-temperature melting treatment device for dangerous waste according to claim 1, wherein the heating device (30) is a natural gas combustion air supplementing integrated pipe connected with an external natural gas supply device.
5. The high-temperature melting treatment device for dangerous waste according to claim 1, wherein a mechanical grab and an electric shovel are arranged in the homogenization silo (2).
6. The high-temperature melting treatment device for dangerous waste according to claim 1, wherein the sintering machine kiln body (26) is arranged on a sintering machine supporting seat (25).
7. The high-temperature melting treatment device for dangerous waste according to claim 1, further comprising a first waste gas treatment device (12) and a second waste gas treatment device (13), wherein waste gases generated in the track type drying kiln (4) and the multi-stage shearing crushing dryer (5) are connected with the second waste gas treatment device (13) through waste gas pipelines, and waste gases generated in the sintering machine (6) and the high-temperature melting furnace (8) are connected with the first waste gas treatment device (12) through waste gas pipelines.
8. A hazardous waste high-temperature melting treatment method using the hazardous waste high-temperature melting treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) Inputting dangerous waste to be treated from a feed inlet of a crushing device (1), and crushing materials with the particle size of more than 3 mm;
2) Inputting the crushed materials into a homogenization warehouse (2), and homogenizing the crushed materials with other materials to be treated in the homogenization warehouse (2) according to a preset proportion;
3) The obtained homogenized material is input into a first feed inlet (14) of a track type drying kiln (4), the material is conveyed from the first feed inlet (14) to a first discharge outlet (18) layer by layer under the drive of a track (16), and in the conveying process, hot air is reversely blown into the material along the conveying direction by a first air blower (17), and the hot air is provided by a heat energy exchanger in a sintering machine (6);
4) Inputting the materials output by a first discharge hole (18) of the track type drying kiln (4) into a multi-section shearing crushing dryer (5) from a second feed hole (20), and enabling the materials to fall to the uppermost crushing section under the action of gravity and be sheared and crushed by a shearing crushing device (21) of the crushing section; the crushed materials continue to fall into the next crushing section under the guidance of the transverse partition plate, and are continuously sheared and crushed by the shearing and crushing device (21) of the section; the final material is output from a second outlet (23) at the lowest part; in the material falling process, a second air blower (22) is utilized to reversely blow hot air along the conveying direction of the material, and the hot air is provided by a heat energy exchanger in a high-temperature melting furnace (8);
5) The dried and crushed materials output by the second discharge hole (23) are lifted by a conveyor belt and then are input into a sintering machine (6) from a third feed hole (24), the materials are sintered in a sintering machine kiln body (26), and the sintered materials are output from a third discharge hole (27);
6) After the sintered materials and other supplementary components output by the third discharge port (27) are uniformly mixed according to the proportion, the materials are quantitatively conveyed into a high-temperature melting furnace (8) through a feeding device (7), enter a molten pool (31) from a fourth feed port (28) and are melted under the heating of a heating device (30), and the melted materials are discharged from a fourth discharge port (32);
7) Automatically flowing the molten material discharged from the fourth discharge port (32) into a water quenching tank (9), and forming glass particles by rapid cooling; in the water quenching process, cooling water in the water quenching tank (9) is circulated through a circulating water inlet (34) and a circulating water outlet (35);
8) Waste gas generated in the track type drying kiln (4) and the multi-section shearing crushing dryer (5) is input into a second waste gas treatment device (13) through a waste gas pipeline for treatment; the waste gas generated in the sintering machine (6) and the high-temperature melting furnace (8) is input into a first waste gas treatment device (12) through a waste gas pipeline for treatment.
9. The treatment method according to claim 8, wherein the first exhaust gas treatment device (12) performs post-combustion, quenching, denitration, desulfurization, deacidification, dust removal and then discharge of the exhaust gas, and the second exhaust gas treatment device (13) performs condensation and dust removal treatment of the exhaust gas.
10. The treatment method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the hazardous waste is silicon-containing, alkali-containing, or flammable hazardous waste in the national hazardous waste directory (2016 edition); the grain diameter of the crushed materials in the step 1) is less than 3 mm; the water content of the homogenized mixture in the step 2) is 25% -70%; in the step 3), the water content of the material after being dried by the track type drying kiln (4) is 20% -35%, the drying temperature is 200 ℃ -300 ℃ and the residence time is 1-1.5 hours; in the step 4), the water content of the mixture after being dried and crushed by the multi-section shearing crushing dryer (5) is 10% -15%, the particle size is 10% -20 mm, the drying temperature is 300 ℃ -500 ℃, and the residence time is 0.8-1.2 hours; the sintering time of the materials in the step 5) is 1-2 hours, and the sintering temperature is 800-1100 ℃; the proportion of other supplementary components in the step 6) is 10% -25% of the sintering material, the water content of the supplementary components is less than 10%, the supplementary components comprise solid fuel, combustible dangerous waste and materials rich in silicon and alkali metals, and the proportion of the silicon and the alkali metals is 30% -45%; the retention time of the materials in the high-temperature melting furnace (8) in the step 6) is 2-4 hours, and the melting temperature is 1200-1500 ℃; the water temperature in the water quenching tank (9) in the step 7) is controlled below 50 ℃ through cooling water circulation.
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