CN111057086B - 一种反式十八硼烷衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种反式十八硼烷衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发光材料技术领域,具体涉及一种反式十八硼烷衍生物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
目前传统的商业蓝色激光材料多是激光染料、共轭高聚物、低聚物等有机材料,以及基于无机胶体量子点(DQs)的材料,不仅价格昂贵,溶解度低,光学稳定性也较低。反式十八硼烷作为具有蓝色荧光的新型硼烷荧光材料,由于其良好的光稳定性,量子产率高,光可调控等特性,打破了传统的经溶液处理的蓝色激光增益材料(如有机化合物和半导体纳米晶体等)在溶解性、化学稳定性、光稳定性和价格昂贵等方面的限制,而有望应用于蓝色激光增益材料。迄今为止,虽然与反式十八硼烷相关的研究取得了一些成果,但是对于反式十八硼烷的认识还是很不全面,这对进一步挖掘反式十八硼烷的应用潜力有较大的限制。因此,为了充分挖掘反式十八硼烷的应用潜力,很多学者试图通过合成反式十八硼烷的衍生物来调控反式十八硼烷的分子结构,研究它的光学性能变化,进而扩大十八硼烷类衍生物材料的应用潜力。
但是目前对anti-B18H22的衍生物的研究比较少,在早期的硼烷化学中,已经可以利用一些金属元素(镍、铂、钴等)和非金属元素(碳、氮、硫、氧)等来修饰十八硼烷的分子结构来制备新型的anti-B18H22的衍生物,而硼烷化学中对anti-B18H22的衍生物的聚集诱导发光特性的研究,更是少之又少。因此,为了进一步研究anti-B18H22衍生物的发光特性,挖掘新型十八硼烷体系激光材料的应用潜力,我们致力于将小分子基团连接到anti-B18H22分子上,以构成多元化的多面体硼烷构型性,这将有望进一步扩大十八硼烷的衍生物在荧光探针、化学传感器、发光器件、生物成像、有机光电材料、金属离子检测等方面的潜在应用,进一步丰富AIE材料体系。不管是对硼烷类小分子化合物的先驱探索,还是对其能够大规模制备的商业化应用,都具有重大意义。
发明内容
有鉴于此,有必要针对现有技术存在的问题,提供一种反式十八硼烷衍生物及其制备方法和应用。本发明的技术方案为:
第一个方面,本发明提供一种反式十八硼烷衍生物,该衍生物化学式为B18C18H34N2,分子式为B18H20(NC9H7)2,结构式为:
第二个方面,本发明提供上述反式十八硼烷衍生物的制备方法。其制备路线为:
具体的制备过程,包括以下步骤:
1)将异喹啉和反式十八硼烷在溶剂中反应得到异喹啉取代的anti-B18H22化合物粗品;
2)将异喹啉取代的anti-B18H22化合物粗品进行提纯既得。
优选的,所述步骤1)中:先将异喹啉加入到干燥苯溶液中,分散均匀,记为A溶液;再将反式十八硼烷加入到干燥苯溶液中,分散均匀,记为B溶液;将A溶液逐滴加入到B溶液中,并在惰性氛围保护下,加热搅拌回流10~12h;其中异喹啉和反式十八硼烷的摩尔比为1:(4.5~5.5)。
优选的,所述步骤2)中:将反应体系冷却到室温,过滤,滤液经浓缩后,将浓缩物通过第一次柱层析分离,得到深红色黏性固体粗产物;将深红色黏性固体粗产物浓缩后再次通过第二次柱层析分离,浓缩既得最终的发光材料。
进一步的,所述第一次柱层析的流动相为苯。
进一步的,所述第二次柱层析的流动相为体积比为1:1的二氯甲烷-正己烷混合溶剂。
第三个方面,本发明提供上述反式十八硼烷衍生物在制备聚集诱导发光材料中的应用。
本发明相对于现有技术,具有如下的优点及有益效果:
本发明以异喹啉和反式十八硼烷为原料合成出异喹啉取代anti-B18H22类有机硼烷衍生物,通过对其结构、吸收特性和荧光特性进行分析,发现了其具有优异的聚集诱导发光特性。这一发现将有望扩大十八硼烷材料的应用领域,进一步挖掘出反式十八硼烷类衍生物的应用潜力,打破传统聚集诱导荧光猝灭的小分子有机材料只能局限于稀溶液的微环境中而在聚集态应用较少的限制。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1获得的反式十八硼烷衍生物的核磁共振硼谱。
图2为本发明实施例1获得的反式十八硼烷衍生物的红外光谱,其中a为B18H20(NC9H7)2的傅里叶变换红外光谱,b为anti-B18H22的傅里叶变换红外光谱,c为异喹啉的傅里叶变换红外光谱。
图3为本发明的反式十八硼烷衍生物的固体粉末及其四氢呋喃(THF)溶液在365nm紫外灯照射前后的实物图。
图4为本发明的反式十八硼烷衍生物的固体粉末和四氢呋喃(THF)溶液的荧光发射光谱,右上角为四氢呋喃溶液的发射光谱,激发波长λex=358nm,激发电压400v,激发狭缝10nm,发射狭缝10nm。
图5为本发明的反式十八硼烷衍生物的四氢呋喃/水溶液混合体系在不同含水量下的紫外可见吸收光谱。
图6为本发明的反式十八硼烷衍生物的四氢呋喃/水溶液混合体系在不同含水量下的荧光光谱,激发波长λex=358nm,激发电压700v,激发狭缝10nm,发射狭缝10nm,右上角插图为荧光强度和水含量的关系曲线图,右下角的插图为纯四氢呋喃溶液和含水量为90%时四氢呋喃/水的混合溶液在365nm照射后的实物图。
具体实施方式
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
下面结合附图和具体的实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明,所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
本发明具体实施例提供一种反式十八硼烷衍生物,该衍生物化学式为B18C18H34N2,分子式为B18H20(NC9H7)2,结构式为:
上述反式十八硼烷衍生物的制备方法。其制备路线为:
具体的制备过程,包括以下步骤:1)将异喹啉和反式十八硼烷在溶剂中反应得到异喹啉取代的anti-B18H22化合物粗品;2)将异喹啉取代的anti-B18H22化合物粗品进行提纯既得。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种反式十八硼烷衍生物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)将异喹啉(0.505ml,4.297mmol)滴加到20ml的干苯溶液中,并在磁力搅拌器上搅拌10min分散均匀,记为A溶液;然后将称量好的反式十八硼烷anti-B18H22(200mg,0.923mmol)倒入100ml的圆底烧瓶中,并加入60ml干苯溶液,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌15min左右至anti-B18H22完全溶解,记为B溶液;将A溶液缓慢滴加到B溶液中,溶液立刻变黄,并随着A溶液的不断增多,黄色不断加深至橙黄色,将A和B的混合液记为C溶液;在氮气氛围的保护下加热并搅拌C溶液使苯溶液回流,在这个过程中有黄色沉淀生成,回流10h停止加热。
2)待反应体系冷却到室温后,将反应体系常压过滤以除去不需要的沉淀,滤液经减压旋蒸浓缩后,通过柱层析分离(固定相:硅胶;流动相:苯),从第一红色色谱带(Rf=0.6,TLC爬板,展开剂为苯)得到含有少量杂质的 在室温下真空挥发掉溶剂得到深红色黏性固体D。将D再次通过柱层析分离(固定相:硅胶;流动相:二氯甲烷:正己烷=1:1)得到红色色谱带(R f=0.32,TLC爬板,展开剂为CH2Cl2:n-Hexane=1:1),减压浓缩得到深红色固体E,将E的CH2Cl2溶液用正己烷分层后减压旋蒸,得到21mg深红色固体 产率为5.2%。
11B NMR(193MHz,CDCl3)δ14.74(d,J=150.2Hz),11.68(s),9.07(d,J=162.9Hz),5.57(s),2.18(t,J=341.9Hz),-3.46(s),-6.08(s),-8.69(s),-12.04(s),-15.95(d,J=134.7Hz),-17.42(d,J=172.0Hz),-19.90(d,J=129.3Hz),-24.23(s),-31.87(d,J=152.4Hz),-34.36(d,J=143.3Hz),-36.15(d,J=151.7Hz),-39.50(s),-41.16(d,J=164.9Hz)。
分子量检测是在布鲁克solanX 70FT-MS仪器上进行的测量,采用正离子模式,选择的离子源是电喷雾电离源(ESI),测得的分子量m/z的最大丰度为473.45028,这与计算值(B18C18H34N2:473.07404)基本一致。
傅里叶变换红外光谱如图2所示,其中a为B18H20(NC9H7)2的傅里叶变换红外光谱,b为anti-B18H22的傅里叶变换红外光谱,c为异喹啉的傅里叶变换红外光谱;具体分析结果如下:
FT-IR:3162.68,2528.15,1081.87,997.38,1637.68,1601.85,1501.00,1450.21,1521.72,1051.49cm-1。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种反式十八硼烷衍生物的制备方法,与实施例1的区别在于:将异喹啉和反式十八硼烷依次直接投入到干燥苯溶液中,在氮气氛围的保护下加热并搅拌C溶液使苯溶液回流,其他条件同实施例1。最终导致步骤1)的反应时间延长至少2倍。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种反式十八硼烷衍生物的制备方法,与实施例1的区别在于:步骤1)采用的溶剂为干燥甲苯,其他条件同实施例1。最终获得极少量的 固体。采用甲苯作为溶剂,在反应过程中不断有不溶沉淀析出,我们推测可能是中间产物在甲苯中的溶解性相对较差,在过滤过程损失较大,导致终产物的产量少。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种反式十八硼烷衍生物的制备方法,与实施例1的区别在于:步骤1)采用的溶剂为干燥氯仿,其他条件同实施例1。最终获得极少量的 固体。采用氯仿作溶剂,由于氯仿的回流温度较低,导致反应温度较低,反应不充分使得产率太低。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种反式十八硼烷衍生物的制备方法,与实施例1的区别在于:第一次柱层析的流动相为甲苯,其他条件同实施例1。最终没有获得 固体。采用甲苯作为柱层析的溶剂,存在溶解性较差的问题,导致最终无法获得固体。
实施例6
实施例7
本实施例提供一种反式十八硼烷衍生物的制备方法,与实施例1的区别在于:第二次柱层析的流动相为苯,其他条件同实施例1。最终获得的深红色固体纯度低。这是因为杂质和anti-B18H20(NC9H7)2在苯里面的溶解性都比较好,导致第一步分离得到的样品里面含有的少量杂质难以分离。
实施例8
本实施例提供一种反式十八硼烷衍生物的制备方法,与实施例1的区别在于:第二次柱层析的流动相为苯和二氯甲烷按照体积比为1:1混合,其他条件同实施例1。最终获得的深红色固体存在 和第一步分离得到的样品里含有的少量杂质在流动相里的溶解性均较好,导致难以将杂质和所需样品难以分离开。
实施例9
将实施例1中得到的反式十八硼烷衍生物以及该反式十八硼烷衍生物的纯四氢呋喃溶液在365nm的紫外灯下照射时,几乎观察不到荧光发射,而其固体粉末在365nm紫外灯下照射时,确发出强红色荧光具体实物图见图3。这表明该反式十八硼烷衍生物具有聚集诱导发光特性和聚集诱导发光增强的特性。
实施例10
对实施例1制备的反式十八硼烷衍生物进行性能测试。
(1)荧光特性测试
将实施例1获得的反式十八硼烷衍生物的固体粉末和纯四氢呋喃溶液进行荧光测试,其光谱图如图4所示。在固态是能被358nm的激发光激发,并在688nm处发射红色荧光,而在于固态相同测试条件下在纯四氢呋喃溶液在358nm的激发光激发时,在685.4nm处发射处微弱荧光,这时固态的荧光强度约是溶液的135.8倍。
(2)紫外-可见光吸收性能测试
以四氢呋喃为溶剂,将实施例1获得的反式十八硼烷衍生物 配成浓度为2×10-3mol.L-1的溶液,分别取250μl置于11个5ml容量瓶中,分别加入4.75ml、4.25ml、3.75ml、3.25ml、2.75ml、2.25ml、1.75ml、1.25ml、0.75ml、0.25ml、0ml四氢呋喃(THF),最后加入H2O定容,得到浓度为1×10-4mol.L-1的含水量不同的THF/H2O的混合溶液体系,在紫外-可见光分度计上测其吸收光谱。从图5可以看出,当含水量低于70%时,随着含水量的增加,TH F/H2O混合溶液体系的最大吸收波长稍有蓝移,而当含水量达到70%时,随着含水量增加混合溶液体系的最大吸收波长发生红移,并且对应的吸收带有所展宽。
(3)聚集诱导发光特性(AIE)验证试验测试
以四氢呋喃为溶剂,将配成浓度为1×10-2mol.L-1的溶液,分别取100μl置于11个2ml容量瓶中,分别加入1.9ml、1.7ml、1.5ml、1.3ml、1.1ml、0.9ml、0.7ml、0.5ml、0.3ml、0.1ml、0ml四氢呋喃(THF),最后加入H2O定容,得到浓度为5×10-4mol.L-1的含水量不同的THF/H2O的混合溶液体系,在荧光分光光度度计上测发射光谱。从图6可以很明显的看出,在THF/H2O混合溶液体系中,当水的体积分数低于70%时,随着水含量的增加,溶液的荧光发射强度几乎没有明显的变化,而当水的体积分数达到70%时,随着水含量的增加,溶液的荧光发射强度不断增强,并在体积分数达到90%时,溶液的荧光发射强度增加到最大,此时含水量为90%时的荧光强度约为纯THF溶液的23倍,而在含水量为95%时,混合溶液体系的荧光强度相对90%时略有降低。
根据以上测试结果,可以得出,本发明制备出了一种具有聚集诱导发光特性的反式十八硼烷衍生物的本发明还发现该衍生物在固态或者聚集态时(含水量超过70%,包含70%),表现出聚集诱导发光(AIE)和聚集诱导发光增强(AIEE)的特性。这一发现将有望扩大十八硼烷材料的应用领域,进一步挖掘出反式十八硼烷类衍生物的应用潜力,打破传统聚集诱导荧光猝灭的小分子有机材料只能局限于稀溶液的微环境中而在聚集态应用较少的限制。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (3)
2.权利要求1所述的一种反式十八硼烷衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:其制备路线为:
具体的制备过程,包括以下步骤:
1)先将异喹啉加入到干燥苯溶液中,分散均匀,记为A溶液;再将反式十八硼烷加入到干燥苯溶液中,分散均匀,记为B溶液;将A溶液逐滴加入到B溶液中,并在惰性氛围保护下,加热搅拌回流10~12h;其中异喹啉和反式十八硼烷的摩尔比为1:(4.5~5.5),得到异喹啉取代的anti-B18H22化合物粗品;
2)将反应体系冷却到室温,过滤,滤液经浓缩后,将浓缩物通过第一次柱层析分离,所述第一次柱层析的流动相为苯,得到深红色黏性固体粗产物;将深红色黏性固体粗产物浓缩后再次通过第二次柱层析分离,所述第二次柱层析的流动相为体积比为1:1的二氯甲烷-正己烷混合溶剂,浓缩即得最终的发光材料。
3.权利要求1所述的反式十八硼烷衍生物在制备聚集诱导发光材料中的应用。
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"Thermochromic Fluorescence from B18H20(NC5H5)2: An Inorganic–Organic Composite Luminescent Compound with an Unusual Molecular Geometry";Michael G. S. Londesborough等;《Adv. Optical Mater. 》;20171231;第5卷;第1600694(1-16)页 * |
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