CN111056791A - Steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete mix proportion design method and concrete - Google Patents
Steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete mix proportion design method and concrete Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mix proportion design method of self-compacting concrete of a steel shell immersed tube and concrete, wherein the mix proportion design method comprises the following steps: preparing a material for concrete; calculating a preliminary mixing proportion by adopting a fixed sand volume content calculation method; according to the principle of an orthogonal test design method, analyzing influence factors of the initial mix proportion to obtain an optimal mix proportion; carrying out test verification on the optimal mixing proportion to obtain the optimal mixing proportion; and performing a process test on the optimal mixing ratio to determine that the optimal mixing ratio meets the production requirement. The design method of the mixing proportion is based on the combination of a fixed sand volume content calculation method and a factor design analysis method, the optimal mixing proportion meeting the requirement of pouring the high-self-compaction concrete in the steel shell immersed tube small bay is designed, the designed concrete can be compacted and formed only by the action of self gravity without additional mechanical vibration, and segregation is not generated in the flow filling process, so that the close contact and the cooperative stress between the concrete and the steel shell are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a design method of a self-compacting concrete mix proportion of a steel shell immersed tube and concrete.
Background
The sandwich steel shell concrete immersed tube structure is applied and raised in the immersed tube tunnel in Japan only in the last two decades, but the published technical information is very limited, and a large number of core technologies and process details are kept in a confidential and unpublished state. The steel reinforced concrete structure is adopted in the immersed tube tunnel built or under construction in China, and the steel shell concrete immersed tube has not been applied yet.
The deep-middle channel is a strategic river-crossing channel connecting two banks of the Zhujiang river, is a four-in-one cluster engineering integrating an ultra-wide submarine tunnel, an ultra-large bridge-crossing bridge, a deep-water artificial island and underwater intercommunication, is unprecedented in scale, has extremely complex construction conditions, is new and high in comprehensive technical difficulty, and is a world-level major sea-crossing traffic engineering in China after the Hongkong Zhu-Australia bridge.
The total length of a deep and medium channel engineering route is 24.005km, the total length of a tunnel is about 6.8km, the length of a immersed tube section is about 5km, the number of tube sections is 32, wherein the standard tube section is 26 multiplied by 165m/7.6 ten thousand t, the nonstandard tube section is 6 multiplied by 123.8m/7 ten thousand t, the two-way eight-lane standard is adopted, and the speed per hour is designed to be 100 km/h. The immersed tube tunnel of the engineering has the characteristics of super width, super depth, variable cross section and the like, and the engineering design needs to adopt the form of a steel shell concrete immersed tube.
The construction difficulty of the steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete lies in: on the one hand, how to ensure that the working performance of the self-compacting concrete after construction reaches the design index. In the construction process, as more steel shell immersed tube bays are arranged, more than 2000 bays are arranged on a single steel shell, each bay is independent, the sensitivity of the self-compacting concrete is high, the performance fluctuation is large, and the influence of factors such as raw materials is mainly caused; if the working performance of the self-compacting concrete is influenced and can not reach the design index, the concrete poured in the closed steel shell belongs to hidden engineering construction, the defects of incompact, bubbles and the like are easily generated, and the accurate detection and treatment difficulty is high. At present, no efficient and accurate detection method exists in China, Japan mainly adopts process control, and the process is considered to be controllable, so that the requirement is met, and the detection is difficult afterwards. On the other hand, how to ensure the close contact between the self-compacting concrete and the steel shell. The closer the contact between the self-compacting concrete and the steel shell is, the more beneficial the steel-concrete cooperative stress is, so that the self-compacting concrete can ensure the close contact and the cooperative stress between the self-compacting concrete and the steel shell by utilizing the self gravity and the fluidity through the working performance after pouring.
Therefore, the development of the high-stability self-compacting concrete construction material for the steel shell immersed tube tunnel is imperative, and the design method for the mix proportion of the high-stability self-compacting concrete of the steel shell immersed tube is very critical and is a source for ensuring the quality of the steel shell immersed tube.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete mix proportion design method, which solves the problems.
The invention also provides concrete designed by using the design method of the mix proportion of the self-compacting concrete of the steel shell immersed tube.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a design method for the mix proportion of self-compacting concrete of a steel shell immersed tube comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a material for self-compacting concrete; the material comprises broken stone, sand, a cementing material, water and an additive;
s2: calculating a preliminary mixing proportion by adopting a fixed sand volume content calculation method;
s3: according to the principle of an orthogonal test design method, analyzing influence factors of the initial mix proportion to obtain an optimal mix proportion;
s4: carrying out test verification on the optimal mixing proportion, and carrying out further analysis to obtain the optimal mixing proportion;
s5: and carrying out model or process test on the optimal mixing ratio to determine that the optimal mixing ratio meets the production requirement.
Further, the cementing material comprises cement, fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag powder.
Further, the cement is P.II Portland cement, and the performance requirements of the cement are as follows: the specific surface area of the cement is 300m2/kg-400m2The cement specific surface area is required to fluctuate within 30m under the condition of reference mixing ratio in the same mixing ratio system2Kg, cement C3The content of A is not more than 6.0 percent, and the cement temperature is not more than 55 ℃ during the production of the mixture ratio.
Further, the fly ash is F-class I-grade fly ash, and the performance requirements of the fly ash are as follows: the content of calcium oxide is not more than 10 percent, the content of free calcium oxide is not more than 1.0 percent, and the ammonia content requires no obvious ammonia gas emission.
Further, the granulated blast furnace slag powder is of grade S95, and the performance requirements of the granulated blast furnace slag powder are as follows: specific surface area 400m2/kg-450m2The glass content (mass fraction) is not less than 85 percent, and the glass has no radioactivity.
Further, the performance requirements of the macadam are as follows: 5mm-20mm two-grade continuous gradation, the water absorption is not more than 2%, the needle sheet shape is not more than 12%, the mud content is less than 1.0%, and the mud block content is less than 0.5%.
Further, the sand is river sand (sand in zone II), and the performance requirements of the sand are as follows: the mud content is not more than 2.0 percent, and the mud block content is not more than 0.5 percent.
Further, the calculation method of the volume content of the fixed sand is as follows: calculating the using amount of the broken stones and the content of mortar on the assumption of the volume of the broken stones in the steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete; assuming the volume content of sand in the mortar, calculating the use amount of the sand in the mortar and the slurry content; calculating the total amount of the cementing material and the water consumption according to the Baromide formula of the concrete strength; and adjusting the dosage or sand rate of the cementing material according to the related design requirements to obtain the initial mixing proportion.
The invention also provides concrete which is designed by adopting the design method according to the mix proportion of the self-compacting concrete for the steel shell immersed tube.
Further, the concrete has the following properties: the slump expansion index is 670mm +/-50 mm, the T500 index is 2s-5s, the time index of a V-shaped funnel is 5s-15s, the H2/H1 index of an L-shaped instrument is more than or equal to 0.8, the gas content index is less than or equal to 4.0%, and the apparent density index is 2300kg/m3-2400kg/m3The 28d compressive strength index is C50.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a mix proportion design method, which is based on the combination of a fixed sand volume content calculation method and a factor design analysis method, utilizes the conventional building materials of common concrete in the current market to design the optimal mix proportion meeting the requirement of pouring high-stability self-compacting concrete in a steel shell immersed tube small bay, designs the concrete designed according to the optimal mix proportion for filling the steel shell immersed tube section bay, can be compactly formed only by depending on the self gravity action without additional mechanical vibration, does not generate segregation in the flowing filling process, and does not generate blockage when passing through an obstacle, thereby ensuring the close contact and the cooperative stress between the concrete and the steel shell after filling the bay.
Secondly, determining a basic skeleton system of the gravels and the sands by using a fixed gravel volume content calculation method, on the basis, statistically analyzing the performance influence by using a factor analysis method according to raw materials consisting of the steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete, determining primary and secondary influence factors, and finally determining the optimal mixing ratio of the steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete through comprehensive analysis.
The method for calculating the volume content of the fixed gravel fully considers the working performance of the self-compacting concrete, namely the high flow filling performance and the segregation and bleeding resistance of the steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete, so as to adjust the raw material dosage of each component of the steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete. The method has great difference from other concrete in the aspect of workability requirement on the design principle of the self-compacting concrete mixing ratio.
The orthogonal test design adopted by the invention is a design method for researching multiple factors and multiple levels, part of representative points are selected from a comprehensive test according to orthogonality for testing, and the representative points have the characteristics of uniform dispersion and neat comparability; the orthogonal experimental design is a main method for the design of a fractional factorial analysis, and is a high-efficiency, quick and economic experimental design method. On the basis of a fixed sand volume content calculation method, a few test schemes with strong representativeness are uniformly selected from all test schemes through orthogonal test design, then statistical analysis is carried out through test results of the test schemes, a better scheme can be deduced, the obtained better scheme is usually not included in the few test schemes, and the test results are further analyzed to obtain an influence rule and an importance degree of influence factors so as to obtain an optimal mixing ratio.
The invention provides a design method of the mix proportion of the high-stability self-compacting concrete of the steel shell immersed tube, which combines the concrete volume ratio theory, the mathematical experiment design and the data processing on the basis of improving the current national and industrial standard specifications by utilizing the common concrete raw materials in the current market.
The calculation method of the volume content of the fixed sand and stone is simple, the detection index of the raw material is relatively simple, more rigorous test indexes are not required to be provided, the detection indexes required by the detection according to the current national standard and industrial standard can be obtained, the consumption of the crushed stone and sand under the volume condition required by the working performance of the high and steady self-compacting concrete of the steel shell immersed tube can be accurately calculated, and the volume ratio and the corresponding consumption of the material are not required to be searched by a large number of tests; orthogonal test analysis is adopted, and a basic mathematical data processing method is combined, so that on one hand, the test times are greatly reduced, on the other hand, the calculation of statistical analysis becomes more reasonable, the reliability of test data is judged through error analysis, the primary and secondary relations of the influence factors are determined, the main contradiction is further grasped, meanwhile, the influence rule of the test factors on the test result is obtained, and the test mix proportion is optimized; finally, the optimal mixing proportion is further verified and analyzed to obtain the optimal mixing proportion, the filling performance of the hidden, complex and non-vibratile steel shell bulkhead is solved, the high-stability self-compacting concrete for pouring and filling the steel shell immersed tube is tightly attached to the steel shell structure, the high-stability self-compacting concrete and the steel shell structure are stressed in a coordinated mode to operate, and the quality of the steel shell immersed tube is controllable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a tendency of slump expansion of concrete;
FIG. 2 is a trend graph of T500 for concrete;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the trend of the apparent density of concrete;
FIG. 4 is a trend graph of a V-shaped funnel of concrete;
FIG. 5 is a trend graph of an L-shaped instrument for concrete;
FIG. 6 is a trend graph of a concrete U-shaped instrument;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the trend of the 7d compressive strength of concrete;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the trend of 28d compressive strength of concrete;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of a compressive strength test of concrete;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a simulation during a construction process;
FIG. 11 is a plan view of a process hole layout of a compartment in model example 1;
FIG. 12 is a view showing the arrangement of fabrication holes in the cross section of a partition in model example 1;
FIG. 13 is a plan view of a process hole layout of a compartment in model example 2;
FIG. 14 is a view showing the arrangement of fabrication holes in the cross section of a partition in model example 2;
FIG. 15 is a plan view of a process hole layout of a compartment in model example 3;
FIG. 16 is a view showing the arrangement of fabrication holes in the cross section of a partition in model example 3;
FIG. 17 is a plan view of a process hole layout of a compartment in model example 4;
FIG. 18 is a view showing the arrangement of fabrication holes in the cross section of a partition in model example 4;
FIG. 19 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the poured steel shell after the small compartment is cut open;
fig. 20 is a longitudinal section view between concrete and a steel shell after the small compartment of the steel shell is cut.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, without conflict, any combination between the embodiments or technical features described below may form a new embodiment. The materials used in this example are all commercially available.
The principle of the design of the invention is as follows:
the guarantee of the working performance of the steel shell immersed tube concrete is very critical to the quality guarantee of the steel shell immersed tube, and the calculation method of the volume content of the fixed sand stone is a mixing proportion calculation method which fully considers the working performance of the self-compacting concrete, namely the high flowing filling performance of the steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete and the anti-segregation bleeding capacity to adjust the raw material consumption of each component of the steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete so as to guarantee the working performance. The theoretical basis of the fixed sand volume content calculation method is that the volume content of the crushed stones and the volume content of the sand in the mortar are considered to be important factors influencing the working performance of the self-compacting concrete mixture, and the dosage of coarse and fine aggregates is considered to be reasonably controlled to ensure the working performance of the concrete.
Although the fixed sand volume content calculation method can quickly calculate the problem of material volume proportion distribution required by the steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete, the dosage of the related cementing material can be calculated under the assumed condition, but whether the assumed condition is optimal or not cannot be determined, so according to the principle of an orthogonal test design method, the dosage of the cementing material related to powder materials such as cement, fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag powder and the like is further determined by adopting a factor analysis method, meanwhile, the optimal proportion can be further determined within the range of the crushed stone and sand proportion calculated by the fixed volume method, meanwhile, the statistical analysis can be synchronously performed on the influence factors such as the water-cement ratio and the like designed by the initial proportion, and the optimization of the proportion of the steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete is ensured.
Because a single immersed tube bulkhead is many, and the pouring point is many, and it is high to pour the continuity requirement, so the high robustness of steel-shelled immersed tube self-compaction concrete is very important, not only influences the quality of pouring, seriously influences the efficiency of pouring moreover. On the basis of a fixed sand volume content calculation method, a few test schemes with strong representativeness are uniformly selected in all test schemes through orthogonal test design, then statistical analysis is carried out on test results of the test schemes, a better scheme can be deduced, the obtained better scheme is not included in the few test schemes, the test results are further analyzed, the influence rule and the importance degree of influence factors are obtained, and the optimal mix proportion is obtained.
Specifically, the design method of the mix proportion of the self-compacting concrete of the steel shell immersed tube comprises the following steps:
step S1: preparing a material for self-compacting concrete; the material comprises broken stone, sand, a cementing material, water and an additive; the cementing material comprises cement, fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag powder.
In a preferred embodiment, the cement is P · II portland cement, and the performance requirements of the cement are: the specific surface area of the cement is 300m2/kg-400m2The cement specific surface area is required to fluctuate within 30m under the condition of reference mixing ratio in the same mixing ratio system2Kg, cement C3The content of A is not more than 6.0 percent, and the cement temperature is not more than 55 ℃ during the production of the mixture ratio. The fly ash is F-class I-grade fly ash, and the performance requirements of the fly ash are as follows: the content of calcium oxide is not more than 10 percent, and the content of free calcium oxide is not more thanMore than 1.0 percent, and the ammonia content requires no obvious ammonia gas emission. The granulated blast furnace slag powder is S95 grade, and the performance requirements of the granulated blast furnace slag powder are as follows: specific surface area 400m2/kg-450m2The glass content (mass fraction) is not less than 85 percent, and the glass has no radioactivity. The performance requirements of the macadam are as follows: 5mm-20mm two-grade continuous gradation, the water absorption is not more than 2%, the needle sheet shape is not more than 12%, the mud content is less than 1.0%, and the mud block content is less than 0.5%. The sand is river sand (sand in zone II), and the performance requirements of the sand are as follows: the mud content is not more than 2.0 percent, and the mud block content is not more than 0.5 percent. The additive is one or a combination of a super-dispersing plasticizer and a retarder; the performance requirements of the admixture are as follows: the water reducing rate is not less than 25%, the bleeding rate ratio is not more than 60%, and the gas content is not more than 6.0%. The performance requirements of water are: chloride ion content of not more than 200mg/L, sulfate content (in terms of SO)4 2-Calculated) is not more than 500 mg/L.
Step S2: and calculating the preliminary mixing proportion by adopting a fixed sand volume content calculation method (the sand volume refers to the sand volume and the crushed stone volume).
As a preferred embodiment, the fixed sand volume content is calculated as:
set at 1m3The volume of the broken stones in the concrete is 0.50m3-0.55m3Calculating 1m according to the bulk density of the crushed stone3The mass of crushed stone in the concrete; calculating 1m according to the apparent density of the crushed stone3And (3) the compact volume of the concrete macadam is obtained by subtracting the compact volume of the macadam from the total concrete volume.
Setting the volume content of sand in the mortar to be 0.42-0.44, and calculating the compact volume of the sand according to the compact volume of the mortar and the volume content of the sand; calculating 1m according to the compact volume of the sand and the apparent density of the sand3The quality of the sand in the concrete; and (4) reducing the dense volume of the sand from the dense volume of the mortar to obtain the volume of the gelled material slurry. Wherein the slurry is a mixture of a cementitious material and water, and the mortar is a mixture of sand and slurry.
The following formula can be referred to:
wherein, VGeneral assembly: the volume of the concrete; v'Crushing stone: the volume content of the crushed stones; rho'Crushing stone: apparent density of the crushed stone; ρ 0'Crushing stone: the bulk density of the crushed stones; gSand: the amount of sand used; v'Sand: the volume content of sand; rho'Sand: apparent density of sand; vSand: the volume of sand; vMortar: the combined volume of sand, cementitious material and water; vSlurry body: the combined volume of cementitious material and water.
Calculating and determining the water-cement ratio according to the designed strength grade of the concrete; according to the bauromid formula of concrete strength, the volume ratio of water to the gelled material is calculated according to the apparent density and the water-cement ratio of the gelled material, then the volumes of the gelled material and the water are calculated according to the volume of the slurry, the volume ratio and the respective apparent densities, and the total amount of the gelled material and the unit water consumption are calculated.
The following formula can be referred to:
Vslurry body＝VWater (W)+VGlue；
mGlue＝ρ'Cement×V'Cement+ρ'Fly ash×V'Fly ash+ρ'Slag powder×V'Slag powder；
Wherein, γWater to glue ratio: water-to-gel ratio (mass ratio of water to gel material); vGlue: the volume of cementitious material; m isGlue: the total mass of the cementitious material; v'Cement: the volume content of cement; v'Fly ash: the volume content of the fly ash; v'Slag powder: the volume content of the slag powder; rho'Cement: the apparent density of the cement; rho'Pulverized coalAsh of: the apparent density of the fly ash; rho'Slag powder: apparent density of slag powder; rhoGlue: the density of the cementing material; vWater (W): the volume of water; vSlurry body: the combined volume of cementitious material and water; m'Cement: mass content of cement; m'Fly ash: the mass content of the fly ash; m'Slag powder: the mass content of the slag powder.
Respectively calculating the volume of each 1m according to the volume of the cementing material, the volume of the mineral admixture and the respective apparent densities3The amount of cement and mineral admixture in the concrete; and (3) obtaining a mixing proportion according to the calculation, and adjusting parameters such as the using amount of the cementing material, the sand rate and the like according to the requirements of a design drawing or a special design guide of a construction project to obtain a preliminary mixing proportion.
S3: according to the principle of an orthogonal test design method, the influence factors of the initial mix proportion are analyzed to obtain the optimal mix proportion.
As a preferred embodiment, the specific steps of the preferred mixing ratio comprise the following steps:
the purpose of the test is determined, and evaluation indexes are determined; slump expansion, T500, V-shaped funnel time, L-shaped instruments H2/H1, 28d compressive strength and the like are selected as evaluation indexes. Selecting factors and determining the level; the influence factors such as water-cement ratio, fly ash mixing amount, sand rate and the like can be selected and set to three levels of 0.30, 0.31, 0.32 and the like. And selecting a proper orthogonal table according to the factor number and the horizontal number, determining a test scheme for testing to obtain a result, and performing statistical analysis on the test result to obtain the optimal mixing ratio.
S4: and (4) carrying out test verification on the optimal mixing proportion, and carrying out further analysis to obtain the optimal mixing proportion.
S5: and carrying out model or process test on the optimal mixing ratio to determine that the optimal mixing ratio meets the production requirement.
The performance of the concrete designed according to the mix proportion design method is as follows: the slump expansion index is 670mm + -50 mm, the T500 index is 2s-5s, the time index of V-shaped funnel is 5s-15s, the H2/H1 index of L-shaped instrument is more than or equal to 0.8, the gas content index is less than or equal toAt 4.0%, the apparent density index is 2300kg/m3-2400kg/m3The 28d compressive strength index is C50.
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the content of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The method comprises the following main raw materials and equipment:
cement: huarun Cement (seal open) Ltd, a specific surface area of 344m2Per kg, density 3120kg/m3。
Fly ash: jiangqian power plant available from China national Electricity group company, class I F, free calcium oxide 0.38%, strength activity index 80%, density 2480kg/m3。
Granulating blast furnace slag powder: tangshan Caochien Diandian shield stone novel building material Co., S95 grade, specific surface area 405m2Kg, density 2840kg/m3。
Crushing stone: xingyo county traglong stone field, large stone (10mm-20 mm): small stone (5mm-10mm) ═ 60%: 40% of the mixture is blended into 5mm-20mm continuous gradation with the apparent density of 2665kg/m3。
Sand: guangdong Qingyuan Water industry Co., Ltd, river sand, Medium Sand in zone II, apparent Density 2600kg/m3。
Additive: jiangsu Subo new materials GmbH, retarding high performance water reducing agent HPWR-R.
Water: tap water.
(II) a test method:
slump expansion, T500 time and L-shaped instrument are tested according to a self-compacting concrete design and construction guide (CCES 02-2004), a V-shaped funnel is tested according to a self-compacting concrete application technical specification (CECS 203-.
(III) calculating the design of the mix proportion:
according to the calculation method of the volume content of the fixed sand stone, the loose pile volume of the coarse aggregate in the single-side concrete is selected as0.55m3(i.e., the volume content of the crushed stones), the volume content of the sand in the mortar was 0.43, and the bulk density of the crushed stones was 1550kg/m3The apparent density of the crushed stone is 2665kg/m3The apparent density of the sand was 2600kg/m3。
(1) Calculation of single-component concrete macadam and river sand parameters
The crushed stone dosage is as follows: gCrushing stone＝1550kg/m3×0.55m3＝852.5kg；
Crushed stone compact volume: v0Crushing stone＝852.5kg÷2665kg/m3＝0.3199m3；
Mortar compaction volume: v0Mortar＝1m3-0.3199m3＝0.6801m3；
Compact volume of river sand: v0Sand＝0.6801m3×0.43＝0.2924m3；
The usage amount of river sand: gSand＝2600kg/m3×0.2924m3＝760.24kg；
Volume of cementitious slurry: vSlurry body＝V0Mortar-V0Sand＝0.6801-0.2924＝0.3877m3；
(2) The design strength is C50, and the water-to-glue ratio is 0.30.
(3) Calculating parameters of the single-component concrete cementing material, setting the volume content of the cement to be 45 percent, the volume content of the fly ash to be 40 percent, the volume content of the granulated blast furnace slag powder to be 15 percent, and the apparent density of the cement to be 3120kg/m3The apparent density of the fly ash is 2480kg/m3The granulated blast furnace slag powder has an apparent density of 2840kg/m3。
Assuming a cement volume of 1m3；
1m3The total mass of the cementing material is as follows: m is 0.45 × 3120+0.40 × 2480+0.15 × 2840 is 2822;
assuming that the mass ratio of the cement to the fly ash to the granulated blast furnace slag powder is 0.50:0.35: 0.15;
density of the cementing material:
volume water-gel ratio:
0.3877m according to the volume of the cement slurry3Calculating to obtain VGlue＝0.2099m3，VWater (W)＝0.1778m3；
Quality of water: w1000 × 0.1778 177.8 kg;
the cement quality is as follows: gc＝2823×0.2099×0.5＝296kg；
The mass of the fly ash is as follows: gF＝2823×0.2099×0.35＝207kg；
Quality of the granulated blast furnace slag powder: gG＝2823×0.2099×0.15＝89kg；
Preliminary calculation of concrete mix proportion (kg/m)3) Comprises the following steps:
cement: fly ash: granulating blast furnace slag powder: crushing stone: river sand: water 296:207:89:852.5:760.24:177.8: 5.92.
According to the requirements of key technical guidelines (trial) on preparation and construction of steel shell immersed tube high-robustness and low-shrinkage self-compacting concrete in Shenzhen to Zhongshan river-crossing channel (Shenzhen-Zhongshan river-crossing channel) on the total consumption of cementing materials, the concrete mixing proportion (kg/m) is preliminarily adjusted3) Comprises the following steps:
cement: fly ash: granulating blast furnace slag powder: crushing stone: river sand: water 275:192:82.5:852.5:760.24:165.8: 5.5.
(IV) analyzing influence factors of the initial mixture ratio
The self-compacting concrete has many influencing factors and many levels of each factor, if each factor and each level influencing the self-compacting concrete are matched with each other, a comprehensive test is carried out, for example, 5 factors are needed, and 4 levels need to be carried out for 451024 (times), the preparation time of site construction is short, which is not favorable for scientific guidance on the construction site efficiently and quickly. The invention adopts orthogonal design to arrange the test, the test times are greatly reduced, and the statistical analysis and calculation are concise, scientific and highly instructive.
Calculating to obtain a preliminary mixing proportion according to a calculation method of the volume content of the fixed sand, wherein on one hand, the design strength of the steel shell self-compacting concrete is considered to be C50; on the other hand, the cement mixing amount needs to be strictly controlled, because the hydration temperature rise of the concrete has larger influence on the deformation of the steel shell; it is also necessary to consider that the slurry has a certain cohesiveness in the case of excellent fluidity, which causes the concrete aggregate to sink. The silica fume can obviously improve the strength of concrete, can be used as a viscosity adjusting material and can also improve the pumping performance, but the addition of the silica fume can obviously improve the single-formula cost of the concrete, so the influence of the silica fume is considered in the factor analysis.
The preliminary mixing proportion sand rate is calculated according to the fixed sand volume method to be 47%, and 46%, 48%, 50% and 52% are selected in order to better find out the influence of the sand rate on the performance of the self-compacting concrete and consider the influence of different sand rates.
Aiming at the four cement material dosage self-compacting concrete tests, 5 influencing factors are selected, wherein the influencing factors are the water-cement ratio, the sand rate, the fly ash mixing amount, the slag powder mixing amount and the silica fume mixing amount. And analyzing the influence rule of each factor on the 7d compressive strength, the 28d compressive strength, the initial V-shaped funnel test, the L-shaped instrument test, the U-shaped instrument test, the expansion degree, the T500 and the apparent density of the concrete by statistical calculation according to the change of the 4 levels of each factor.
According to the design anti-floating requirement, the concrete volume weight is mainly controlled to be 2300kg/m3～2400kg/m3Concrete design theoretical volume weight 2350kg/m3. In the orthogonal test of the embodiment, an L16(45) orthogonal design table is selected, orthogonal test design factors and levels are shown in table 1, the mixing amount of fly ash, the mixing amount of slag powder and the mixing amount of silica fume in the table are all mass percentages of the cementing material, and the total amount of the cementing material is fixed; the orthogonal test head and the test proportion are shown in table 2; the results of the orthogonal design experiments are shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 1 design factors and horizon
| Level of | Glue ratio (A) | Sand Rate/% (B) | Flyash addition/% (C) | Slag powder mixing amount/% (D) | Silica fume doping amount/% (E) |
| 1 | 0.30 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 0.31 | 48 | 15 | 15 | 1 |
| 3 | 0.32 | 50 | 30 | 30 | 2 |
| 4 | 0.33 | 52 | 45 | 45 | 3 |
TABLE 2 self-compacting concrete orthogonal test proportioning
TABLE 3 self-compacting concrete orthogonal test working performance test results
TABLE 4 working Properties description and mechanical Properties of self-compacting concrete Quadrature test
According to the test results in tables 3 and 4, the influence trends of different influencing factors on the performance indexes of the fresh concrete under different levels are shown in figures 1 to 6, and the influence trends on the strength indexes are shown in figures 7 and 8. The primary and secondary influencing factors are further ranked according to trend graph analysis, see table 5.
TABLE 5 Primary and secondary analysis of factors table
| Detecting the index | Factor major and minor (initial) | Factor primary and secondary (determination) |
| Slump spread | E>A>D>C>B | E>A>D>C>B |
| T500 | A>D>C>E>B | A>D>C＝E＝B |
| Apparent density | A>E>B>C>D | A>E>B>C＝D |
| V-shaped funnel | A>D>C>E>B | A>D>C＝E>B |
| L-shaped instrument | D>B>C＝E>A | D>B＝C＝E>A |
| U-shaped instrument | A>D>B>C>E | A>D>B>C> |
| 7d compressive strength | D>C>A>B>E | D>C>A>B> |
| 28d compressive strength | D>C>A>B>E | D>C>A>E>B |
As analyzed by fig. 1 to 8, and table 5, the mix proportion parameter selection process is as follows:
(1) slump expansion degree, the slump expansion degree of the self-compacting concrete is obviously influenced by the doping of the silica fume, and the doping amount of the silica fume is selected from 0-1%; secondly, the water cement ratio is influenced, and as the designed slump expansion degree value is 670 +/-50 mm, the water cement ratio is 0.31 through a trend chart;
(2) t500, obviously influencing a T500 test value by the water-glue ratio, wherein the T500 design value is 2-5s, and the water-glue ratio is selected to be 0.30 and 0.31; secondly, selecting 15-30% of slag powder;
(3) apparent density, apparent density design value is 2300-3Selecting the water-glue ratio of 0.31 to 0.32, wherein the influence of the water-glue ratio is the largest; secondly, selecting 0-1% of silica fume to influence the silica fume; the sand rate is selected from 48 to 50 percent.
(4) A V-shaped funnel, wherein the design value is 5-15s, the influence of the water-glue ratio is the largest, and 0.31 is selected; the second influence is the slag powder mixing amount, and 15% -45% is selected; the mixing amount of the fly ash is 15-45 percent; the silica fume is selected to be 0 percent.
(5) The design value of the L-shaped instrument is H2/H1>0.8, and the L-shaped instrument has stronger adaptability under the conditions of 5 factors and 4 levels from data.
(6) The design value of the U-shaped instrument is not specifically required, the influence of the water-glue ratio is the largest, and the water-glue ratio is selected to be 0.30 to 0.31; secondly, the sand rate is influenced, and the sand rate is selected to be 48 percent.
(7) Compressive strength, comprehensive 7d compressive strength and 28d compressive strength, the influence of slag powder mixing amount is the largest, and 15% of slag powder is selected; selecting 30-45% of fly ash; the water-to-glue ratio was 0.31.
In view of the above analysis, the mix proportion was selected again for verification, and the water-to-gel ratio was selected to be 0.31, and the sand ratio was 50%. Through the working performance and the compressive strength, the influence of the silica fume on the slump expansion and the apparent density is large, and the proper mixing amount is between 0 and 1 percent, so the mixing amount of the silica fume is selected from 0 to 1 percent. The slag powder has great influence on slump expansion, T500, V-shaped funnels, L-shaped instruments, U-shaped instruments and compressive strength,therefore, the slag powder mixing amount is 15 percent and 30 percent, the fly ash mixing amount is 30 percent, and the theoretical volume weight of the concrete is 2350kg/m3. The specific mixing ratio is shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 analysis of orthogonal test results to obtain the mix proportion of self-compacting concrete
The mix proportion verification test was carried out according to Table 6, and as can be seen from FIG. 9, the mix proportions 3-III apparently do not satisfy the requirements in comparison with the three sets of mix proportions in Table 6, since the design reference is C50, the deep centre passage is currently rated at 28d, and the concrete trial strength is 59.87MPa according to 28 d. Compared with the mix proportion of 3-I and 3-II, the working performance is almost the same when the working performance is tried, but the strength is not obviously improved by adding the silica fume, and the mix proportion cost is obviously increased after the silica fume is added. In general, the working performance and the strength of the 3-I mixing ratio can meet the requirements, but the strength develops too fast, which means that the mixing amount of cement is too high, and the hydration heat of concrete is too high to cause the deformation of a steel shell in the pouring process, so the 3-I mixing ratio needs to be optimized.
(V) test verification is carried out on the preferable mixing ratio
As shown in the verification test of a mixing proportion system in the table 6, the mixing amount of the cement can be further reduced, the mixing amount of the fly ash is increased, the mixing amount of the slag powder can be properly increased, the sand rate is adjusted from 50% to 48%, the result is calculated by combining a fixed sand volume method, the specific mixing proportion is optimized and shown in the table 7, the test result is shown in the table 8, and the test results meet the design requirements.
TABLE 7 optimized self-compacting concrete mix proportions
TABLE 8 results of the compounding ratio test
(VI) carrying out model test on the optimal mixing ratio
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a simulation during a construction process, and a model test is performed on an optimal mixing ratio by the following model examples.
Model example 1:
as shown in fig. 11 and 12, a standard compartment is simulated, 8 vent holes are formed in the top plate, the distance between the T-rib open holes is 50cm and 30cm respectively, the weld leg polishing comparison test at the T-rib open hole position is carried out, the top surface has no inclination angle, the thickness of the top steel plate adopts 40mm (scheme one) and 14mm (scheme two), wherein in the drawing: the structure comprises lifting lugs 11, exhaust holes 12, side plate stiffening plates 13, T ribs 14 (the welding feet at the opening parts of the two T ribs on the left side are not polished, the welding feet at the opening parts of the two T ribs on the right side are polished), and pouring holes 15. Concrete indexes of compartment pouring tests are detected as shown in the following tables 1-1 to 1-4.
(1) Concrete index detection of SZSD-MNGCJZ-1-1 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 1-1 index of working performance of compartment self-compacting concrete
(2) Concrete index detection of SZSD-MNGCJZ-1-2 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 1-2 working performance indexes of compartment self-compacting concrete
(3) Concrete index detection of SZSD-MNGCJZ-2-1 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 1-3 working performance indexes of compartment self-compacting concrete
(4) Concrete index detection of SZSD-MNGCJZ-2-2 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 1-4 index of working performance of compartment self-compacting concrete
Example of model 2
As shown in fig. 13 and 14, a standard cell was simulated, which is different from model example 1 in that: 10 exhaust holes are formed in the top plate, the distance between the T-rib opening holes is 50cm and 30cm respectively, the welding leg polishing contrast test is performed at the T-rib opening position, the top surface has no inclination angle, whether the 20cm displacement of the exhaust holes to the center of the compartment affects the pouring quality (the exhaust holes are used for arranging a pouring equipment walking track) is verified, and the thickness of the top steel plate is 14mm (scheme III). Concrete indexes of the compartment pouring test are detected as shown in the following tables 2-1 to 2-4.
(1) Detection of concrete index of SZSD-MNGCJZ-3-1 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 2-1 index of working performance of compartment self-compacting concrete
(2) Detection of concrete index of SZSD-MNGCJZ-3-to-2 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 2-2 working performance indexes of compartment self-compacting concrete
(3) Detection of concrete index of SZSD-MNGCJZ-3-to-3 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 2-3 working performance indexes of compartment self-compacting concrete
(4) Concrete index detection of SZSD-MNGCJZ-3-3 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 2-4 index of working performance of compartment self-compacting concrete
Example of model 3
As shown in fig. 15 and 16, the difference from model example 1 is that: the bottom plate of the simulation pipe joint is provided with an inclined chamfer partition, the bottom plate is provided with 8 exhaust holes in a jacking mode, the distance between the T rib openings is 50cm and 30cm respectively, the top surface inclination angle is consistent with that of the graph 14, and the thickness of the top steel plate is 12mm (scheme IV). Concrete indexes of the compartment pouring test are detected as shown in the following tables 3-1 to 3-4.
(1) Concrete index detection of SZSD-MNGCJZ-4-1 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 3-1 index of working performance of compartment self-compacting concrete
(2) Concrete index detection of SZSD-MNGCJZ-4-2 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 3-2 working performance indexes of compartment self-compacting concrete
(3) Concrete index detection of SZSD-MNGCJZ-4-3 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 3-3 working performance indexes of compartment self-compacting concrete
(4) Concrete index detection of SZSD-MNGCJZ-4-4 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 3-4 index of working performance of compartment self-compacting concrete
Example of model 4
As shown in fig. 17 and 18, a standard cell was simulated, which is different from model example 1 in that: 8 or 10 exhaust holes are formed in the top plate, the distance between the T rib openings is 50cm and 30cm respectively, welding leg polishing contrast tests are performed on the T rib openings, the top plate is provided with a slope of 5 degrees, and the thickness of the top steel plate is 14mm (scheme five). Concrete indexes of the compartment pouring test are detected as shown in the following tables 4-1 to 4-4.
(1) Concrete index detection of SZSD-MNGCJZ-5-1 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 4-1 index of working performance of compartment self-compacting concrete
(2) Concrete index detection of SZSD-MNGCJZ-5-2 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 4-2 working performance indexes of compartment self-compacting concrete
(3) Concrete index detection of SZSD-MNGCJZ-5-3 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 4-3 working performance indexes of compartment self-compacting concrete
(4) Concrete index detection of SZSD-MNGCJZ-5-4 model compartment pouring test
TABLE 4-4 index of working performance of compartment self-compacting concrete
Through different bulkhead pouring tests, the bulkhead is cut open and observed after being poured, as shown in fig. 19 and fig. 20, it can be seen that the steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete designed by the design method has good adaptability and practicability, the concrete and the steel shell surface are in very good contact, the concrete filling compaction and the steel shell are ensured to be coordinated and stressed together, and the quality of the steel shell immersed tube is ensured.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A design method for the mix proportion of self-compacting concrete of a steel shell immersed tube is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing a material for self-compacting concrete; the material comprises broken stone, sand, a cementing material, water and an additive;
s2: calculating a preliminary mixing proportion by adopting a fixed sand volume content calculation method;
s3: according to the principle of an orthogonal test design method, analyzing influence factors of the initial mix proportion to obtain an optimal mix proportion;
s4: carrying out test verification on the optimal mixing proportion, and carrying out further analysis to obtain the optimal mixing proportion;
s5: and carrying out model or process test on the optimal mixing ratio to determine that the optimal mixing ratio meets the production requirement.
2. The method for designing the mix proportion of the self-compacting concrete for the steel-shell immersed tube according to claim 1, wherein the cementing material comprises cement, fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag powder.
3. The mix proportion design method of the self-compacting concrete of the steel-shell immersed tube according to claim 2, wherein the cement is P.II Portland cement, and the performance requirements of the cement are as follows: the specific surface area of the cement is 300m2/kg-400m2The cement specific surface area is required to fluctuate within 30m under the condition of reference mixing ratio in the same mixing ratio system2Kg, cement C3The content of A is not more than 6.0 percent, and the cement temperature is not more than 55 ℃ during the production of the mixture ratio.
4. The mix proportion design method of the self-compacting concrete of the steel-shell immersed tube according to claim 2, wherein the fly ash is class F I fly ash, and the performance requirements of the fly ash are as follows: the content of calcium oxide is not more than 10 percent, the content of free calcium oxide is not more than 1.0 percent, and the ammonia content requires no obvious ammonia gas emission.
5. The mix proportion design method of the steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete as claimed in claim 2, wherein the granulated blast furnace slag powder is of grade S95, and the performance requirements of the granulated blast furnace slag powder are as follows: specific surface area 400m2/kg-450m2The glass content (mass fraction) is not less than 85 percent, and the glass has no radioactivity.
6. The mix proportion design method of the self-compacting concrete of the steel-shell immersed tube according to claim 1, wherein the performance requirements of the crushed stones are as follows: 5mm-20mm two-grade continuous gradation, the water absorption is not more than 2%, the needle sheet shape is not more than 12%, the mud content is less than 1.0%, and the mud block content is less than 0.5%.
7. The mix proportion design method of the self-compacting concrete for the steel-shell immersed tube according to claim 1, wherein the sand is river sand (sand in zone II), and the performance requirements of the sand are as follows: the mud content is not more than 2.0 percent, and the mud block content is not more than 0.5 percent.
8. The method for designing the mix proportion of the self-compacting concrete for the steel-shell immersed tube according to claim 1, wherein the calculation method of the volume content of the fixed sand is as follows: calculating the using amount of the broken stones and the content of mortar on the assumption of the volume of the broken stones in the steel shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete; assuming the volume content of sand in the mortar, calculating the use amount of the sand in the mortar and the slurry content; calculating the total amount of the cementing material and the water consumption according to the Baromide formula of the concrete strength; and adjusting the dosage or sand rate of the cementing material according to the related design requirements to obtain the initial mixing proportion.
9. The concrete is characterized by being designed by the method for designing the mix proportion of the steel-shell immersed tube self-compacting concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The concrete according to claim 9, wherein the properties of the concrete are: the slump expansion index is 670mm +/-50 mm, the T500 index is 2s-5s, the time index of a V-shaped funnel is 5s-15s, the H2/H1 index of an L-shaped instrument is more than or equal to 0.8, the gas content index is less than or equal to 4.0%, and the apparent density index is 2300kg/m3-2400kg/m3The 28d compressive strength index is C50.
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