CN111054944B - Special equipment for drilling straight oil hole or drilling oblique oil hole on crankshaft - Google Patents
Special equipment for drilling straight oil hole or drilling oblique oil hole on crankshaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN111054944B CN111054944B CN201911271283.2A CN201911271283A CN111054944B CN 111054944 B CN111054944 B CN 111054944B CN 201911271283 A CN201911271283 A CN 201911271283A CN 111054944 B CN111054944 B CN 111054944B
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- crankshaft
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 87
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B47/00—Constructional features of components specially designed for boring or drilling machines; Accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment on boring machines for positioning or guiding the drill; Devices for indicating failure of drills during boring; Centering devices for holes to be bored
- B23B49/02—Boring templates or bushings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/02—Twist drills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/72—Auxiliary arrangements; Interconnections between auxiliary tables and movable machine elements
- B23Q1/76—Steadies; Rests
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/08—Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
- B23Q11/1038—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality
- B23Q11/1046—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality using a minimal quantity of lubricant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
- B23Q17/0957—Detection of tool breakage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/08—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
Abstract
A special device for drilling straight oil holes or oblique oil holes on a crankshaft is used for drilling straight oil holes or oblique oil holes on the crankshaft. The device mainly comprises a lathe bed, a traversing workbench, a drilling power head, a turntable workbench, an indexing fixture, a crankshaft axial positioning fixture, a crankshaft radial positioning fixture, an electrical control system, a hydraulic control system and a pneumatic control system. The automatic feeding and discharging machine is capable of automatically completing the feeding and discharging of the machine except for manual feeding and discharging, is high in automation degree, can effectively improve working efficiency, lightens labor intensity, and is convenient to operate on a manipulator assembly line; and the MQL aerodynamic micro-lubrication device is adopted, so that the production environment is thoroughly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile part manufacturing, in particular to special equipment for drilling a straight oil hole or an oblique oil hole on a crankshaft.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the annual output of the crankshaft, the straight and inclined oil hole processing of the crankshaft at present becomes the bottleneck of the whole production line. Due to the continuous development of advanced technology in the mechanical industry, compared with the prior SSK8119 crankshaft straight and inclined oil hole processing gun drilling machine, the prior SSK8119 crankshaft straight and inclined oil hole processing gun drilling machine has the following defects:
1. in the use, adopt a large amount of blowout gun drill oil to cool off the machined part, lubricate the cutter, but because the oil mass of blowout is very big, so equipped with the equipment filtration system of cyclic use and filter gun drill oil, and cyclic filtration system is too huge, and area is big.
2. Operators can contact a large amount of gun drilling oil during processing, tool changing, debugging, cleaning equipment and the like, and particularly in summer, gun drilling oil mist is diffused around a machine tool, so that serious threat is caused to the physical health of the operators.
3. The drilled scrap iron contains a large amount of gun drilling oil, and if the gun drilling oil is directly discarded as scrap iron, the gun drilling oil has great harm to the environment; the gun drill oil is transported along with the scrap iron, and serious pollution can occur at any time, so special people are also equipped to throw oil to the scrap iron, and waste of human resources is caused.
4. The working efficiency of the machine tool is low;
5. in a filtering system, if gun drilling oil with poor cleanliness passes through an oil hole of a gun drilling tool, the gun drilling oil is easily blocked by impurities, and if the gun drilling oil cannot smoothly spray a machined part, gun drilling tool breakage, a crankshaft and a drill die sleeve are scrapped.
6. The center holes at two ends of the crankshaft are tightly propped by the center to drill the oil holes, and as the crankshaft belongs to the slender shaft, the slender shaft receives very large radial force during drilling, the crankshaft can be bent, and the machine tool vibrates very much.
7. Because of the design reason of the gun drilling machine, the length of the gun drilling machine is very long and reaches 480-500mm, and therefore, a set of very complex guiding devices are needed to be arranged on the gun drilling machine.
8. The gun drill tool is made of hard alloy welded on a tool bar, if the welding quality is not too high, the hard alloy tool bit is unwelded in the machining process, the tool bit is blocked in a hole of a machined part after being separated from the tool bar, and the scrapped tool bar is extruded in the machined hole along with the continuous feeding and rotation of the tool bar until a crankshaft and a drill die sleeve are scrapped at the same time.
9. When the gun drilling oil pump is used, the gun drilling oil pump is damaged very quickly due to poor cleanliness, the gun drilling oil injection pressure is reduced, or a filter screen is blocked, gun drilling oil returns untimely, cooling or lubrication cannot be performed during processing, and the cutter is broken, and the drill die sleeve and the crankshaft are scrapped.
10. In hot summer, the oil temperature is high, and an oil cooler is also required to be arranged for cooling gun drilling oil. If the gun drill oil temperature is too high, the phenomena of fire, tripping of a cooler and the like can occur besides the fact that the workpiece cannot be cooled and the cutter cannot be lubricated.
11. After the tip is tightly propped, the device automatically withdraws, and an alarm device is not provided, so that the phenomenon of cutter breakage inevitably occurs if drilling is performed at the moment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide special equipment for drilling the straight oil hole or the inclined oil hole of the crankshaft so as to realize high-precision automatic drilling of the straight oil hole or the inclined oil hole of the crankshaft.
The invention mainly comprises a lathe bed, a traversing workbench, a drilling power head, a turntable workbench, an indexing fixture, a crankshaft axial positioning fixture, a crankshaft radial positioning fixture, an electrical control system, a hydraulic control system and a pneumatic control system, and is used for drilling a straight oil hole or an oblique oil hole of a crankshaft.
The transverse moving workbench is positioned on one side of the lathe bed, which is close to an operator, two T-shaped grooves at the bottom of the transverse moving workbench are arranged on a rolling linear guide rail at the bottom of the lathe bed, the transverse moving workbench is driven by an oil cylinder below the transverse moving workbench, a stop block for controlling the movement end position of the transverse moving workbench can slide on the rolling linear guide rail on the lathe bed, and the stop block is locked on the rolling linear guide rail at the bottom of the lathe bed by a screw after the position of the stop block is adjusted in advance according to the size of a crankshaft; the dovetail displacement guide rail is arranged above the transverse moving workbench, and the angular positioning device, the indexing fixture, the V-shaped bracket, the leaning frame and the tail table are arranged above the dovetail displacement guide rail.
The M2 and M6 main journals at two ends of the crankshaft are supported on a V-shaped bracket of a crankshaft radial positioning clamp, the center of a tail table of the crankshaft axial positioning clamp props against a central hole at the large end of the crankshaft, and a thrust surface of a small-end journal of the crankshaft leans against the end surface of a chuck jaw to realize axial positioning of the crankshaft; the V-shaped block of the V-shaped bracket is connected with the long round hole of the base tee joint and the bolt, and the three bottoms of the base are connected with the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail in a sliding manner.
The angular positioning oil cylinder of the angular positioning device of the radial crankshaft positioning clamp is fixed on the first base, the angular positioning device is positioned between an operator and the crankshaft, and the vertical distance from the axis of the crankshaft is that the first connecting rod neck P1 of the crankshaft can be put on the surface of the positioning rod in a horizontal direction. The adjusting screw rod is locked with a piston rod of the angular positioning oil cylinder through a screw cap, the positioning rod is arranged at the upper end of the adjusting screw rod through a set screw, the base is locked on a dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail of the transverse moving workbench through a trapezoidal locking block I, the infrared sensor is fixed on a cylinder barrel of the angular positioning oil cylinder through a connecting steel plate, a long round hole is formed in the vertical direction of the connecting steel plate, and the infrared sensor can move along the long round hole according to the position of the positioning rod.
The base II of the leaning frame of the crankshaft radial positioning clamp is locked on the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail of the transverse moving workbench through a trapezoid locking block II, an air cylinder is fixed on the base II, one end of a positioning seat is connected with a piston rod II in the air cylinder, a cushion block is fixed at the other end of the positioning seat, and the outer side of the cushion block is of a V-shaped structure; the piston rod II in the cylinder stretches out to drive the positioning seat and the cushion block to prop against the middle shaft diameter of the crankshaft, and at the moment, a straight oil hole or an inclined oil hole can be drilled on the crankshaft; the piston rod II in the cylinder is retracted, so that the positioning seat and the cushion block are separated from the middle shaft diameter of the crankshaft, and the crankshaft can be lifted and lowered at the moment.
The first servo motor of the indexing fixture is connected with the synchronous toothed belt through a worm gear reducer, and the first servo motor drives the main shaft and the workpiece of the indexing fixture to rotate and index through belt transmission, so that drilling of oil holes with different phase angles on a crankshaft is realized; the clamping cylinders are fixed on the base of the indexing fixture, the base of the indexing fixture is fixed with the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail of the transverse moving workbench through bolts, and the two clamping cylinders clamp the open thin-wall sleeve through the pressing blocks connected with the clamping cylinders to enable the sleeve to elastically deform, so that the sleeve fixed on the main shaft is locked; the surface of chuck jaw at the front end of the main shaft is marked with marks corresponding to different crankshafts respectively.
The turntable workbench is fixed on a horizontal moving sliding table on a horizontal moving guide rail, and driven by a servo motor, and can move along the horizontal moving guide rail along with the horizontal moving sliding table, so that drilling of oil holes at different axial positions of a crankshaft is realized, and the horizontal moving guide rail is fixed on a lathe bed; the turntable workbench is driven manually, a gear shaft of the first gear is fixed on the horizontal moving sliding table, a square head at the upper end of the first gear is wrenched by a wrench to drive the first gear to rotate, the first gear is meshed with a second gear on the turntable workbench to drive the turntable workbench to rotate, drilling of a crankshaft oblique oil hole is achieved, and when the turntable workbench rotates to a required angle position, the turntable workbench is locked by a round nut; the lifting guide rail seat is in sliding fit with a guide groove fixed on the turntable workbench, the positioning block is fixed on the lifting guide rail seat, the T-shaped sliding block for providing positioning and guiding for the lifting guide rail seat is arranged between the guide groove and the lifting guide rail seat, the adjusting screw is screwed down, the positioning block connected to the lifting guide rail seat drives the lifting guide rail seat to move upwards, the adjusting screw is loosened, and the lifting guide rail seat moves downwards so as to drive the drilling power head on the lifting guide rail seat to move up and down.
The drilling power head is arranged on the liftable guide rail seat and comprises a sliding plate, a drilling main shaft and a drilling die sleeve; the sliding plate adopts a linear guide rail and is driven by a servo motor II for feeding movement during oil hole drilling, the drilling main shaft adopts a variable-frequency high-speed precise main shaft, the front end of the drilling main shaft is provided with a spring knife handle, oil mist sprayed by a lubricating system is sprayed out through a cold hole in the twist drill to lubricate and cool a processing part, and the shape of the end part of a drilling die sleeve is matched with the surface of the excircle of a main journal of the drilled straight oil hole or the surface of the excircle of a connecting rod neck of the drilled oblique oil hole.
The lubricating and cooling of the cutter adopts an MQL oil mist cooling and lubricating system, and the lubricant is completely used up in the processing process and does not need to be circularly treated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The MQL aerodynamic micro-lubrication device is adopted, so that the friction between a cutter and a workpiece and between the cutter and the cutting chips can be greatly reduced, the effects of inhibiting temperature rise, reducing cutter abrasion, preventing adhesion and improving the processing quality of the workpiece are achieved, the used lubricating liquid is few, the effect is quite remarkable, the later treatment is avoided, clean and clean cutting chips can be recycled after compression, the working efficiency is improved, the environment is not polluted, and the production environment is thoroughly improved; the scrap iron is dry and comfortable, the environment is not polluted during transportation, and an oil throwing operator is not required; avoiding occupational skin diseases of operators.
2. A set of leaning frame is added, the feeding and discharging are not interfered when the positioning mechanism retracts, and when the positioning mechanism stretches out, drilling processing can be performed, and the crankshaft can be radially propped up and does not vibrate.
3. Compared with a gun drill, the twist drill is very short and only 223-265mm, has an integral structure, and has no guide device with complex structure except a drill die sleeve.
4. Except manual feeding and discharging, the automatic feeding and discharging machine is automatically completed, the automatic degree is high, the working efficiency can be effectively improved, the labor intensity is reduced, and meanwhile the automatic feeding and discharging machine is convenient to operate on a manipulator assembly line.
5. The equipment is provided with an alarm system, and the occurrence of the cutter breakage can be controlled.
6. The equipment adopts totally-enclosed protection, and is safe and beautiful.
Drawings
Fig. 1is a crankshaft process diagram.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of F-F of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a left side view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a top view of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a structural view of the traversing table of fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of the angular positioning device of fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of the indexing jig of fig. 6.
Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view A-A of fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the horizontal moving slide of fig. 3.
Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view A-A of fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is a B-B cross-sectional view of fig. 10.
Fig. 13 is an enlarged view of I-I of fig. 10.
Fig. 14 is an assembly view of the drilling power head of fig. 4.
Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the backrest of fig. 6.
Fig. 16 is a structural view of the V-bracket of fig. 6.
In the figure: 1. an oil cylinder; 2. dovetail displacement guide rail; 3. a V-shaped bracket; 4. a leaning frame; 5. a tail table; 6. a crankshaft; 7. drilling a die sleeve; 8. a stop block; 9. a T-shaped groove; 10. a center; 11. a central bore; 12. a thrust surface; 13. chuck jaws; 14. a first connecting rod neck P1; 15. an angular positioning oil cylinder; 16. a positioning rod; 17. a first base; 18 trapezoidal locking blocks I; 19. an adjusting screw; 20. adjusting a screw; 21. a set screw; 22. a first piston rod; 23. a screw cap; 24. a servo motor I; 25. a synchronous toothed belt; 26. a main shaft; 27. clamping an oil cylinder; 28. briquetting; 29. an opening thin-wall sleeve; 30. sleeving; 31. a first gear; 32. a second gear; 33. drilling a main shaft; 34. a slide plate; 35. a servo motor II; 36. a spring knife handle; 37. twist drill; 38. three-color alarm lamp; 39. a traversing table; 40. a turntable table; 41. an oil hole; 42. an electrical control system; 43. a hydraulic control system; 44. a pneumatic control system; 45. a liftable guide rail seat; 46. a bed body; 47. a T-shaped slider; 48. a positioning block; 49. a cushion block; 50. a positioning seat; 51. a piston rod II; 52. a cylinder; 53. a second base; 54. a trapezoid locking block II; 55. an angular positioning device; 56. indexing and indexing fixture; 57. a round nut; 58. drilling a power head; 59. the guide rail is moved in the horizontal direction. 60. Moving the sliding table in the horizontal direction; 61. a guide groove; 62. an infrared sensor; 63. a base III; 64. v-shaped block.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16, the invention mainly comprises a lathe bed 46, a traversing table 39, a drilling power head 58, a turntable table 40, an indexing fixture 56, a crankshaft axial positioning fixture, a crankshaft radial positioning fixture, an electric control system 42, a hydraulic control system 43 and a pneumatic control system 44, and can realize drilling of a straight oil hole or an oblique oil hole of a crankshaft 6, thereby avoiding frequent bit replacement, improving production efficiency, simplifying equipment structure and facilitating equipment adjustment. The equipment can meet the drilling of straight oil holes or inclined oil holes of various crankshafts 6 with the length below 1200mm, has higher flexibility and is convenient to change the shape. Wherein, the movement of the turntable working table 40 along the horizontal direction (X-axis direction), the drilling feeding movement of the drilling power head 58 along the Z-axis direction and the turning movement of the main shaft 26 of the indexing fixture 56 around the C-axis are all driven by a servo motor, and are controlled by a Siemens numerical control system so as to ensure good processing precision and position precision; the transverse movement of the transverse moving workbench 39 along the W axis direction, the extension and retraction of the center 10 of the tail table 5 and the like are hydraulically driven so as to ensure the reliability of the movement of each working part and good rigidity during working; other auxiliary actions such as lifting of the liftable guide rail seat 45 along the Y-axis and rotation of the turntable 40 about the B-axis are accomplished by manual adjustment to reduce equipment cost and complexity.
The traversing workbench 39 is positioned on one side of the lathe bed 46 close to an operator, and the lathe bed 46 adopts a casting flat lathe bed, so that the equipment has higher rigidity, and simultaneously, the feeding and discharging during processing and the maintenance of the equipment are convenient, and the traversing of the traversing workbench 39 has two functions: firstly, the crankshaft 6 is kept in close contact with the drill die sleeve 7 during drilling, and secondly, the drill die sleeve 7 is avoided during feeding and discharging so as to prevent the crankshaft 6 from colliding with the drill die sleeve 7; the dovetail displacement guide rail 2 is arranged above the transverse moving workbench 39, and the through-length dovetail displacement guide rail 2 is a positioning and adjusting reference of the angular positioning device 55, the indexing fixture 56, the V-shaped bracket 3, the leaning frame 4 and the tail table 5; the two T-shaped grooves 9 at the bottom of the traversing workbench 39 are placed on the rolling linear guide rail at the bottom of the lathe bed 46, the traversing of the traversing workbench 39 along the W axis direction is driven by the oil cylinder 1 below the traversing workbench, the stroke is 200mm, the stop block 8 controlling the movement end position of the traversing workbench 39 can slide on the rolling linear guide rail on the lathe bed 46, the position of the stop block 8 is adjusted in advance according to the size of the crankshaft 6, and then the stop block 8 is locked on the rolling linear guide rail on the lathe bed 46 by a screw. By adopting the rolling linear guide rail, the transverse moving workbench 39 has higher movement precision and service life.
The M2 and M6 main journals at two ends of the crankshaft 6 are supported on the V-shaped bracket 3 of the crankshaft radial positioning clamp, the center 10 of the tail table 5 of the crankshaft axial positioning clamp props against the center hole 11 at the large end of the crankshaft 6, the thrust surface 12 of the small-end journal of the crankshaft 6 leans against the end surface of the chuck jaw 13 to realize the axial positioning of the crankshaft 6, the V-shaped block 64 of the V-shaped bracket 3 is connected with the base III 63 through a slotted hole and a bolt, the bottom of the base III 63 is in sliding connection with the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail 2, the height of the V-shaped block 64 is adjusted to be suitable for crankshafts 6 with various specifications, and the base III 63 is locked on the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail 2 of the traversing workbench 39 through the trapezoid locking block I18. The angular positioning cylinder 15 of the angular positioning device 55 of the radial crankshaft positioning clamp is fixed on the first base 17, the angular positioning device 55 is arranged between an operator and the crankshaft 6, and the connecting rod neck P1 with the vertical distance from the axis of the crankshaft 6 being the serial number 14 can be put on the surface of the positioning rod 16 to be in a horizontal direction; the adjusting screw rod 20 is locked with a piston rod I22 of the angular positioning oil cylinder 15 through a nut 23, the positioning rod 16 is arranged at the upper end of the adjusting screw rod 20 through a set screw 21, a base I17 is locked on a dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail 2 of the traversing workbench 39 through a trapezoid locking block I18, an infrared sensor 62 is fixed on a cylinder barrel of the angular positioning oil cylinder 15 through a connecting steel plate, a slotted hole is formed in the vertical direction of the connecting steel plate, and the infrared sensor 62 can move along the slotted hole according to the position of the positioning rod 16; when feeding, the M2 and M6 main journals of the crankshaft 6 are firstly placed on the V-shaped bracket 3, the click button of the tail table 5 is pressed to enable the center 10 of the tail table 5 to extend out to prop against the central hole 11 at the large end of the crankshaft 6, meanwhile, the thrust surface 12 of the small-end journal of the crankshaft 6 leans against the end face of the chuck jaw 13 to realize the axial positioning of the crankshaft 6, the clamping button of the chuck jaw 13 is pressed simultaneously, after the crankshaft 6 is clamped, the click angle positioning cylinder 15 is clicked, the piston rod I22 extends out to drive the positioning rod 16 to ascend, when the positioning rod 16 touches the light rays emitted by the infrared sensor 62 in the ascending process, the infrared sensor 62 feeds signals back to the electric control system 42, the angular positioning cylinder 15 stops working, the positioning rod 16 stops ascending, and when the oblique oil hole 41 of the crankshaft 6 is processed: the operator manually rotates the crankshaft 6 to make the first connecting rod neck P1 be lapped on the surface of the positioning rod 16, at this time, the first connecting rod neck P1 is in the horizontal direction, the position after the positioning of the first connecting rod neck P1 is the equipment zeroing position, the indexing fixture 56 and the turntable 40 rotate the crankshaft 6 by a one-to-one corresponding angle under the combined action of the indexing fixture and the turntable 40, and the drilling power head 58 can respectively process six oblique oil holes 41 on the six connecting rod necks; when the straight oil hole 41 is processed: the heights of the positioning rod 16 and the infrared sensor 62 are adjusted, an operator manually rotates the crankshaft 6 to enable the first connecting rod neck P1 to be placed on the surface of the positioning rod 16, the first connecting rod neck P1 is in the horizontal direction at this time, the position of the first connecting rod neck P1 after being positioned is the equipment zeroing position, the crankshaft 6 is rotated by a one-to-one corresponding angle under the action of the indexing fixture 56 based on the equipment zeroing position, and six straight oil holes 41 on six main shaft necks can be respectively processed through the drilling power head 58. After the angular positioning is completed, the angular positioning cylinder 15 is retracted, so that the equipment enters an automatic cycle, otherwise, danger is easy to occur. In order to ensure the continuity and efficiency of the processing of the straight oil hole and the drilling of the inclined oil hole of the crankshaft 6, a mode of processing only one type of oil hole (the straight oil hole or the inclined oil hole) by one piece of equipment is generally adopted under the condition of sufficient equipment resources.
The second base 53 of the leaning frame 4 of the radial crankshaft positioning clamp is locked on the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail 2 of the transverse moving workbench 39 through the second trapezoidal locking block 54, the air cylinder 52 is fixed on the second base 53, one end of the positioning seat 50 is connected with the second piston rod 51 in the air cylinder 52, the cushion block 49 is fixed at the other end of the positioning seat 50, and the outer side of the cushion block 49 is of a V-shaped structure; when a piston rod II 51 in the air cylinder 52 stretches out, the driving positioning seat 50 and the cushion block 49 are tightly propped against the middle shaft diameter of the crankshaft 6, at the moment, the twist drill 37 can start to drill a straight oil hole or an inclined oil hole 41 on the crankshaft 6, the slender shaft can be prevented from bending deformation due to the force of drilling, and the vibration of equipment is reduced; when the piston rod II 51 in the cylinder 52 is retracted, the positioning seat 50 and the cushion block 49 are separated from the middle shaft diameter of the crankshaft 6, and the crankshaft 6 can be up and down. The second base 53 can slide on the dovetail displacement guide rail 2 to meet the requirements of different specifications of the lengths of the crankshafts 6.
The first servo motor 24 of the indexing fixture 56 is connected with the synchronous toothed belt 25 through a precise worm gear reducer and rotates along the C axis, so that accurate positioning of oil holes 41 on different phase angles of the crankshaft 6 is realized, the first servo motor 24 drives the main shaft 26 of the indexing fixture 56 and a workpiece to rotate and index through belt transmission, the indexing angle of the main shaft 26 is smaller than 1 degree, the precision is +/-1', and drilling of the oil holes 41 on different phase angles of the crankshaft 6 can be realized; the clamping cylinders 27 are fixed on the base of the indexing fixture 56, the base of the indexing fixture 56 is fixed with the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail 2 of the transverse moving workbench 39 through bolts, the two clamping cylinders 27 clamp the open thin-wall sleeve 29 through the pressing blocks 28 connected with the clamping cylinders to generate elastic deformation, the sleeve 30 fixed on the main shaft 26 is locked, when the main shaft 26 rotates to a required angle, the clamping cylinders 27 clamp the open thin-wall sleeve 29 through the pressing blocks 28 to generate elastic deformation, and the sleeve 30 fixed on the main shaft 26 is locked, so that the main shaft 26 rotates in the drilling process, and accidents are avoided; the surface of the chuck jaws 13 at the front end of the main shaft 26 is marked with marks corresponding to the different crankshafts 6, respectively.
The turntable workbench 40 is fixed on a horizontal moving sliding table 60 on a horizontal moving guide rail 59, and driven by a servo motor, the turntable workbench 40 can move along the horizontal moving sliding table 60 along the horizontal moving guide rail 59 so as to drill oil holes 41 at different axial positions of the crankshaft 6, and the horizontal moving guide rail 59 is fixed on the lathe bed 46; the turntable workbench 40 is driven manually, a gear shaft of the first gear 31 is fixed on the horizontal moving sliding table 60, a square head at the upper end of the first gear 31 is pulled by a wrench to drive the first gear 31 to rotate, the first gear 31 is meshed with the second gear 32 on the turntable workbench 40 to drive the turntable workbench 40 to rotate around the axis B, drilling of an oblique oil hole of the crankshaft 6 is achieved, and when the turntable workbench 40 rotates to a required angle position, the turntable workbench is locked by a round nut 57; the liftable guide rail seat 45 is in sliding fit with the guide groove 61 fixed on the turntable workbench 40, the positioning block 48 is fixed on the liftable guide rail seat 45, the T-shaped sliding block 47 is arranged between the guide groove 61 and the liftable guide rail seat 45 to provide positioning and guiding functions for the liftable guide rail seat 45, the functions of adjusting gaps and the like during assembly are achieved, the adjusting screw 19 is screwed down, the positioning block 48 connected to the liftable guide rail seat 45 drives the liftable guide rail seat 45 to move upwards along the Y axis, the adjusting screw 19 is loosened to drive the liftable guide rail seat 45 to move downwards along the Y axis, and therefore the drilling power head 58 on the liftable guide rail seat 45 is driven to move upwards and downwards, the maximum moving stroke of the Y direction is 100mm, and drilling of oil holes 41 with different heights of the crankshaft 6 is achieved.
The drilling power head 58 is arranged on the liftable guide rail seat 45, and the drilling power head 58 mainly comprises a sliding plate 34, a drilling main shaft 33 and a drilling die sleeve 7; the sliding plate 34 adopts a rolling linear guide rail, so that the equipment has higher movement precision and service life, and the sliding plate 34 is driven by the second servo motor 35 and used for feeding movement during drilling of the oil hole 41 so as to ensure accurate drilling depth and good surface finish; the drilling main shaft 33 adopts a variable-frequency high-speed precise main shaft, is driven by a common motor and a frequency converter to realize stepless speed regulation, the maximum rotation speed of the variable-frequency regulation can reach 6000rpm, the front end of the drilling main shaft 33 is provided with a Morse No. 3 internal cooling spring knife handle 36, and oil mist sprayed by an MQL micro lubrication system is sprayed out through an internal cooling hole of a twist drill 37 to lubricate and cool a processing part; the end shape of the drill die sleeve 7 is matched with the surface of the excircle of the main journal of the drilled straight oil hole or the surface of the excircle of the connecting rod neck of the drilled inclined oil hole 41 so as to ensure good processing precision, and the coaxiality of the center of the drill die sleeve 7 and the center of the drilling main shaft 33 is within 0.02 mm.
The lubricating and cooling of the cutter adopts an MQL oil mist cooling and lubricating system, the lubricant is basically completely used up in the processing process, and the circulating treatment is not required. The air flow with oil mist particles (called oil mist) provides lubrication for friction points between a cutter and chips in a cutting groove, the MQL oil mist cooling and lubricating system only needs to use a minimum lubricant to ensure effective lubrication of metal cutting, and a traditional cutting fluid system pipeline can be used for conveying the oil mist to a machined machining surface through a main shaft of equipment and the cutter Leng Kong, so that the service life of the cutter and the machining efficiency of a machine tool are greatly prolonged, and meanwhile, the machine tool has a good environment-friendly effect and is more humanized. The cooling liquid adopts MQL special cutting oil with the trade mark of oel-Lubrioil and the consumption per working hour of 5-15ml.
The equipment has perfect protector, and its front adopts the automatic guard gate of pneumatic control system 44 control, and the lathe side adopts manual sliding door, easy maintenance, and sealing performance is good, installs the light in the protection casing, externally mounted three-colour alarm lamp 38.
The equipment adopts a low-pressure variable pump, the motor power is 2.2kw, no. 20 antiwear hydraulic oil is used, and the highest pressure is 4MPa. Pressure gauges are arranged on each necessary actuating element such as a turntable locking cylinder and the like so as to observe the pressure condition of each actuating element during operation, and the pressure can be properly regulated according to different requirements.
Claims (2)
1. A special device for drilling straight oil holes or oblique oil holes on a crankshaft is characterized in that: the equipment consists of a lathe bed (46), a transverse moving workbench (39), a drilling power head (58), a turntable workbench (40), an indexing fixture (56), a crankshaft axial positioning fixture, a crankshaft radial positioning fixture, an electrical control system (42), a hydraulic control system (43) and a pneumatic control system (44), and is used for drilling a straight oil hole or an inclined oil hole of a crankshaft (6);
The transverse moving workbench (39) is positioned on one side of the lathe bed (46) close to an operator, two T-shaped grooves (9) at the bottom of the transverse moving workbench (39) are placed on a rolling linear guide rail at the bottom of the lathe bed (46), the transverse moving workbench (39) is driven by an oil cylinder (1) below the transverse moving workbench, a stop block (8) for controlling the movement end position of the transverse moving workbench (39) can slide on the rolling linear guide rail on the lathe bed (46), and the stop block (8) is locked on the rolling linear guide rail at the bottom of the lathe bed (46) by a screw after the position of the stop block (8) is adjusted in advance according to the size of the crankshaft (6); the dovetail displacement guide rail (2) is arranged above the transverse moving workbench (39), and the angular positioning device (55), the indexing fixture (56), the V-shaped bracket (3), the leaning frame (4) and the tail table (5) are arranged above the dovetail displacement guide rail (2);
The M2 and M6 main journals at two ends of the crankshaft (6) are supported on a V-shaped bracket (3) of a crankshaft radial positioning clamp, a center (10) of a tail table (5) of the crankshaft axial positioning clamp props against a center hole (11) at the large end of the crankshaft (6), and a thrust surface (12) of a small-end journal of the crankshaft (6) leans against the end surface of a chuck jaw (13) to realize axial positioning of the crankshaft (6); the V-shaped block (64) of the V-shaped bracket (3) is connected with the base III (63) through a slotted hole and a bolt, and the bottom of the base III (63) is in sliding connection with the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail (2);
an angular positioning oil cylinder (15) of an angular positioning device (55) of the radial crankshaft positioning clamp is fixed on a first base (17), the angular positioning device (55) is arranged between an operator and a crankshaft (6), and a first connecting rod neck P1 (14) which is vertical to the axis of the crankshaft (6) and is at a vertical distance from the axis of the crankshaft (6) can be lapped on the surface of a positioning rod (16) in a horizontal direction; the adjusting screw rod (20) is locked with a piston rod I (22) of the angular positioning oil cylinder (15) through a screw cap (23), the positioning rod (16) is arranged at the upper end of the adjusting screw rod (20) through a set screw (21), a base I (17) is locked on a dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail (2) of the transverse moving workbench (39) through a trapezoid locking block I (18), an infrared sensor (62) is fixed on a cylinder barrel of the angular positioning oil cylinder (15) through a connecting steel plate, a slotted hole is formed in the vertical direction of the connecting steel plate, and the infrared sensor (62) can move along the slotted hole according to the position of the positioning rod (16);
A second base (53) of a leaning frame (4) of the radial crankshaft positioning clamp is locked on a dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail (2) of a transverse moving workbench (39) through a second trapezoidal locking block (54), an air cylinder (52) is fixed on the second base (53), one end of a positioning seat (50) is connected with a second piston rod (51) in the air cylinder (52), a cushion block (49) is fixed at the other end of the positioning seat (50), and the outer side of the cushion block (49) is of a V-shaped structure; a piston rod II (51) in the air cylinder (52) stretches out, the driving positioning seat (50) and the cushion block (49) are tightly propped against the middle shaft diameter of the crankshaft (6), and at the moment, a straight oil hole or an inclined oil hole can be drilled on the crankshaft (6); a piston rod II (51) in the cylinder (52) is retracted, so that the positioning seat (50) and the cushion block (49) are separated from the middle shaft diameter of the crankshaft (6), and the crankshaft (6) can be lifted and lowered at the moment;
The first servo motor (24) of the indexing fixture (56) is connected with the synchronous toothed belt (25) through a worm gear reducer, and the first servo motor (24) drives the main shaft (26) of the indexing fixture (56) and a workpiece to rotate and index through belt transmission, so that drilling of oil holes with different phase angles on the crankshaft (6) is realized; the clamping cylinders (27) are fixed on the base of the indexing and indexing clamp (56), the base of the indexing and indexing clamp (56) is fixed with the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail (2) of the transverse moving workbench (39) through bolts, and the two clamping cylinders (27) clamp the open thin-wall sleeve (29) through pressing blocks (28) connected with the clamping cylinders to enable the sleeve to elastically deform, so that the sleeve (30) fixed on the main shaft (26) is locked; marks corresponding to different crankshafts (6) are marked on the surfaces of chuck jaws (13) at the front end of the main shaft (26);
The turntable workbench (40) is fixed on a horizontal moving sliding table (60) on a horizontal moving guide rail (59), and driven by a servo motor, the turntable workbench (40) can move along the horizontal moving sliding table (60) along the horizontal moving guide rail (59) to drill oil holes (41) at different axial positions of the crankshaft (6), and the horizontal moving guide rail (59) is fixed on the lathe bed (46); the turntable workbench (40) is driven manually, a gear shaft of the first gear (31) is fixed on a horizontal moving sliding table (60), a square head at the upper end of the first gear (31) is pulled by a wrench to drive the first gear (31) to rotate, the first gear (31) is meshed with a second gear (32) on the turntable workbench (40) to drive the turntable workbench (40) to rotate, drilling of an oblique oil hole of the crankshaft (6) is achieved, and when the turntable workbench (40) rotates to a required angle position, the turntable workbench is locked by a round nut (57); the lifting guide rail seat (45) is in sliding fit with a guide groove (61) fixed on the turntable workbench (40), a positioning block (48) is fixed on the lifting guide rail seat (45), a T-shaped sliding block (47) used for providing positioning and guiding for the lifting guide rail seat (45) is arranged between the guide groove (61) and the lifting guide rail seat (45), an adjusting screw (19) is screwed down, the positioning block (48) connected to the lifting guide rail seat (45) drives the lifting guide rail seat (45) to move upwards, the adjusting screw (19) is loosened, and the lifting guide rail seat (45) moves downwards so as to drive a drilling power head (58) on the lifting guide rail seat (45) to move up and down;
The drilling power head (58) is arranged on the lifting guide rail seat (45), and the drilling power head (58) comprises a sliding plate (34), a drilling main shaft (33) and a drilling die sleeve (7); the sliding plate (34) adopts a linear guide rail and is driven by a second servo motor (35) for feeding movement during drilling of the oil hole (41), the drilling main shaft (33) adopts a variable-frequency high-speed precise main shaft, the front end of the drilling main shaft (33) is provided with a spring knife handle (36), oil mist sprayed by a lubricating system is sprayed out through a cold hole in a twist drill (37) to lubricate and cool a processing part, and the end shape of the drilling die sleeve (7) is matched with the surface of the excircle of a main journal of the drilled straight oil hole or the surface of the excircle of a connecting rod journal of the drilled oblique oil hole (41).
2. The special equipment for drilling straight oil holes or drilling oblique oil holes on a crankshaft according to claim 1, wherein the special equipment comprises the following components: the lubricating and cooling of the cutter adopts an MQL oil mist cooling and lubricating system, and the lubricant is completely used up in the processing process and does not need to be circularly treated.
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| CN201911271283.2A CN111054944B (en) | 2019-12-12 | 2019-12-12 | Special equipment for drilling straight oil hole or drilling oblique oil hole on crankshaft |
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| CN201911271283.2A CN111054944B (en) | 2019-12-12 | 2019-12-12 | Special equipment for drilling straight oil hole or drilling oblique oil hole on crankshaft |
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| CN111054944B true CN111054944B (en) | 2024-06-04 |
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| CN111761331A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-10-13 | 东风本田汽车零部件有限公司 | Full-automatic press fitting equipment for steel balls of oblique oil holes of crankshaft |
| CN112222431A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-01-15 | 宁夏宏源长城机床有限公司 | Special fixture for milling key groove planes at two ends of crankshaft |
| CN114160836B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-09-13 | 杭州江滨内燃机配件有限公司 | Crankshaft inclined hole drilling device and machining method thereof |
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