CN111053924A - 胃肠超声造影剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种胃肠超声造影剂。包括鸡内金提取物和牛蒡提取物。本发明制备的胃肠超声造影剂,采用鸡内金提取物和牛蒡提取物,可以清除胃肠道内气体及粘液对粘膜层显示的干扰,造影剂在胃及十二指肠内停留时间充分,能充分观察胃及十二指肠壁层次、结构、大小、蠕动、邻近器官及淋巴结等情况,此外,本发明的鸡内金提取物和牛蒡提取物对于肠胃病还具有一定的治疗效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于超声造影剂技术领域,具体涉及一种胃肠超声造影剂。
背景技术
胃炎,胃溃疡,十二指肠溃疡均为常见的肠胃疾病,这些病除了引起功能异常以外,还伴有形态学上的改变,为明确病变部位、性质等,常借助不同的检查方法辅助诊断。
胃镜观察是普遍采用的辅助诊断方法,但是,其仅对腔内结构有较好的显示,不能观察胃壁的层次及胃蠕动等,为介入性检查,多数人有不适感,对于老年病人不能耐受胃镜、合并严重心肺疾病、上消化道穿孔的急性期、急性重症咽喉疾病、腐蚀性食管损伤的急性期及精神失常不能配合者,从主观及客观上均限制了胃镜的应用。
物理学上发现了压电效应与反压电效应之后,超声技术便作为一种新的检查方法被应用,因为其无创、无痛苦、价格低、无放射性而成为消化系统实质脏器中常见的检査方法。超声造影需要服用造影剂,除了饮服温开水充盈胃肠腔外,还包括口服中药制剂、甘露醇溶液、桔子水、及富含纤维素的混悬液等,声像图显示为无回声区,故称之为“无回声型造影剂”。此类造影剂排泄快,对胃十二指肠疾病诊断的准确率极低。有学者研宄口服稀钡和藕粉、纤维素等糊状物后观察胃肠道病变。口服后,声像图显示胃肠腔为高回声区,故又称其为“回声型造影剂”, 此类造影剂解决了排泄快的难题,但饮用后因为粘稠度高,造影剂到达胃肠腔后,不能与胃肠腔均匀混合,且不能清除胃腔内部分气体及粘液,存在超声造影下回声不均匀、回声衰减等现象,检査效果不够理想。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种胃肠超声造影剂。
一种胃肠超声造影剂,包括鸡内金提取物和牛蒡提取物。
鸡内金,是指家鸡的砂囊内壁,系消化器官,用于研磨食物,该品为传统中药之一,用于消化不良、遗精盗汗等症,效果极佳,故而以“金”命名。鸡内金作为药用,对人体无毒副作用,发明人发现鸡内金的提取物可以清除胃肠道内气体及粘液对粘膜层显示的干扰,适合做超声用造影剂。
牛蒡为二年生草本,具粗大的肉质直根,长达15厘米,径可达2厘米,有分枝支根。茎直立,高达2米,粗壮,基部直径达2厘米,通常带紫红或淡紫红色,有多数高起的条棱,分枝斜升,多数,全部茎枝被稀疏的乳突状短毛及长蛛丝毛并混杂以棕黄色的小腺点。牛蒡含菊糖、纤维素、蛋白质、钙、磷、铁等人体所需的多种维生素及矿物质,其中胡萝卜素含量比胡萝卜高150倍,蛋白质和钙的含量为根茎类之首。牛蒡根含有菊糖及挥发油、牛蒡酸、多种多酚物质及醛类,并富含纤维素和氨基酸。发明人发现牛蒡的提取物可以清除胃肠道内气体及粘液对粘膜层显示的干扰,适合做超声用造影剂。
所述鸡内金提取物和牛蒡提取物的用量质量比为1:(3-12)。
所述鸡内金提取物的提取方法为:
(1)将鸡内金清洗干净,加质量分数为0.5-2%醋酸水溶液浸没,浸泡8-12小时;
(2)捞出鸡内金,放进烤箱,在100-130℃条件下进行高温烘烤,烘烤10-30min至变为金黄色;
(3)将烤过的鸡内金碎成粉末,将粉末放进玻璃容器中,加入2-5倍质量的清水搅拌均匀,升高温度至80-95℃,煎煮溶解7-10分钟制成煎煮液;
(4)将煎煮液进行滤网过滤,将过滤液进行离心澄清,取澄清液;
(5)将澄清液温度降低至20-30℃,加入有机溶剂,加入量为澄清液的1/4-1/3体积,封闭搅拌萃取5-10分钟,静置、分层后,分离取上层有机溶剂萃取液;
(6)将装有有机溶剂萃取液的容器放进蒸馏塔,升高温度将有机溶剂蒸发,得到固态鸡内金提取物。
所述醋酸为食用醋酸。
所述有机溶剂为石油醚或乙醚。
所述牛蒡提取物的提取方法为:
(1)将牛蒡去皮,自然晒干或者在50-60℃的烤箱中烘干;
(3)将烘干的牛蒡碎成粉末,将粉末放进玻璃容器中,加入2-5倍质量的清水搅拌均匀,升高温度至70-85℃,煎煮溶解10-15分钟制成煎煮液;
(4)将煎煮液进行滤网过滤,将过滤液进行离心澄清,取澄清液;
(5)将澄清液温度降低至20-30℃,加入有机溶剂,加入量为澄清液的1/4-1/3体积,封闭搅拌萃取5-10分钟,静置、分层后,分离取上层有机溶剂萃取液;
(6)将装有有机溶剂萃取液的容器放进蒸馏塔,升高温度将有机溶剂蒸发,得到固态牛蒡提取物。
所述醋酸为食用醋酸。
所述有机溶剂为乙醚或石油醚。
所述超声造影剂包括鸡内金提取物,牛蒡提取物以及药学上可接受的载体,以便制备成口服液,注射液及其他剂型。
本发明的有益效果:本发明制备的胃肠超声造影剂,采用鸡内金提取物和牛蒡提取物,可以清除胃肠道内气体及粘液对粘膜层显示的干扰,造影剂在胃及十二指肠内停留时间充分,能充分观察胃及十二指肠壁层次、结构、大小、蠕动、邻近器官及淋巴结等情况,此外,本发明的鸡内金提取物和牛蒡提取物对于肠胃病还具有一定的治疗效果。
附图说明
图1为组1胃肠超声造影图。
图2为组1的对照胃肠超声造影图。
图3为组2胃肠超声造影图。
图4为组2的对照胃肠超声造影图。
图5为组3胃肠超声造影图。
图6为组3的对照胃肠超声造影图。
图7为组4胃肠超声造影图。
图8为组4的对照胃肠超声造影图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1 鸡内金提取物的提取
鸡内金提取物的提取方法,按照如下步骤进行:
(1)将鸡内金清洗干净,加质量分数为1%食用醋酸水溶液浸没,浸泡10小时;
(2)捞出鸡内金,放进烤箱,在120℃条件下进行高温烘烤,烘烤20min至变为金黄色;
(3)将烤过的鸡内金碎成粉末,将粉末放进玻璃容器中,加入3倍质量的清水搅拌均匀,升高温度至85℃,煎煮溶解8分钟制成煎煮液;
(4)将煎煮液进行滤网过滤,将过滤液进行离心澄清,取澄清液;
(5)将澄清液温度降低至25℃,加入乙醚,加入量为澄清液的1/3体积,封闭搅拌萃取5-10分钟,静置、分层后,分离取上层乙醚萃取液;
(6)将装有乙醚萃取液的容器放进蒸馏塔,升高温度将乙醚蒸发,得到固态鸡内金提取物。
实施例2 鸡内金提取物的提取
鸡内金提取物的提取方法,按照如下步骤进行:
(1)将鸡内金清洗干净,加质量分数为1%食用醋酸水溶液浸没,浸泡10小时;
(2)捞出鸡内金,放进烤箱,在120℃条件下进行高温烘烤,烘烤20min至变为金黄色;
(3)将烤过的鸡内金碎成粉末,将粉末放进玻璃容器中,加入3倍质量的清水搅拌均匀,升高温度至85℃,煎煮溶解8分钟制成煎煮液;
(4)将煎煮液进行滤网过滤,将过滤液进行离心澄清,取澄清液;
(5)将澄清液温度降低至25℃,加入石油醚,加入量为澄清液的1/3体积,封闭搅拌萃取5-10分钟,静置、分层后,分离取上层石油醚萃取液;
(6)将装有石油醚萃取液的容器放进蒸馏塔,升高温度将石油醚蒸发,得到固态鸡内金提取物。
实施例3 牛蒡提取物的提取
牛蒡提取物的提取方法,按照如下步骤进行:
(1)将牛蒡去皮,自然晒干或者在55℃的烤箱中烘干;
(3)将烘干的牛蒡碎成粉末,将粉末放进玻璃容器中,加入3倍质量的清水搅拌均匀,升高温度至75℃,煎煮溶解12分钟制成煎煮液;
(4)将煎煮液进行滤网过滤,将过滤液进行离心澄清,取澄清液;
(5)将澄清液温度降低至25℃,加入乙醚,加入量为澄清液的1/4体积,封闭搅拌萃取5-10分钟,静置、分层后,分离取上层乙醚萃取液;
(6)将装有乙醚萃取液的容器放进蒸馏塔,升高温度将乙醚蒸发,得到固态牛蒡提取物。
实施例4牛蒡提取物的提取
牛蒡提取物的提取方法,按照如下步骤进行:
(1)将牛蒡去皮,自然晒干或者在55℃的烤箱中烘干;
(3)将烘干的牛蒡碎成粉末,将粉末放进玻璃容器中,加入3倍质量的清水搅拌均匀,升高温度至75℃,煎煮溶解12分钟制成煎煮液;
(4)将煎煮液进行滤网过滤,将过滤液进行离心澄清,取澄清液;
(5)将澄清液温度降低至25℃,加入石油醚,加入量为澄清液的1/4体积,封闭搅拌萃取5-10分钟,静置、分层后,分离取上层石油醚萃取液;
(6)将装有石油醚萃取液的容器放进蒸馏塔,升高温度将石油醚蒸发,得到固态牛蒡提取物。
实施例5 胃肠超声造影剂的制备
取实施例1制备的鸡内金提取物3g,实施例3制备的牛蒡提取物15g,加去离子水50mL溶解,制备成胃肠超声造影剂(组1)。
取实施例1制备的鸡内金提取物2g,实施例3制备的牛蒡提取物16g,加去离子水50mL溶解,制备成胃肠超声造影剂(组2)。
取实施例2制备的鸡内金提取物3g,实施例4制备的牛蒡提取物15g,加去离子水50mL溶解,制备成胃肠超声造影剂(组3)。
取实施例2制备的鸡内金提取物2g,实施例4制备的牛蒡提取物16g,加去离子水50mL溶解,制备成胃肠超声造影剂(组4)。
实施例6 超声造影实验
口服本发明实施例5制备的胃肠超声造影剂,组1-4各服用50mL,对照采用湖州东亚医药用品公司销售的胃肠超声造影剂,超声仪器采用美国GE公司生产的LOGIQ E9超声诊断仪器,探头频率3.5MHz(仪器性能指标)。胃肠超声造影检查的检查者:均由同一名超声科副主任医师,在同一台机器进行操作。
实验样本选取,选取胃溃疡患者,患者主要临床症状为进食后上腹部疼痛,常常在餐后1小时内出现,1~2小时后可逐渐缓解,可呈隐痛、胀痛以及烧灼样痛,可伴有反酸、食欲不振,部分患者以出血、穿孔等并发症作为首发症状。
所有受试者检查前均禁食、水>8小时,安排在上午检查。取造影剂50mL,待冷却后嘱患者3分钟内饮服。饮造影剂后患者分别顺次采取平卧位、左侧卧位、右侧卧位等体位,对贲门、胃底、胃体、胃大小弯、胃角、幽门、十二指肠球部、观察胃及十二指肠腔的大小、形态、蠕动情况,病变的大小、部位、深度,有无隆起及凹陷,胃及十二指肠壁各层次结构是否清晰,周围淋巴结及邻近器官情况。
测试结果见图1-8,图1-2为组1及其对照的超声效果,由图1可以看出,超声造影清晰,胃内回声呈均匀一致的无回声,胃腔内有无占位及异常结构可清晰显示,无回声造影剂与胃壁的分界清晰,胃腔状况及胃壁全层结构显示清晰。而其对照(图2)不清晰,胃内回声不均匀,以偏高回声为主,局部回声稍减低,由于偏高回声胃内容物的存在以及局部回声不均,对于胃腔内有无微小异常结构、胃壁细微结构的显示局部欠清晰,有回声造影剂与胃壁的分界相对于无回声造影剂显示欠清晰,胃腔状况及胃壁全层结构相对于无回声造影剂显示欠清晰。
图3-4为组2及其对照的超声效果,由图3可以看出,超声造影清晰,胃内回声呈均匀一致的无回声,胃腔内气体可充分排空,无回声造影剂自身也不产生干扰诊断的强回声,胃腔状况及胃壁全层结构显示清晰。而其对照图4不清晰,胃内造影剂回声欠均匀,局部可出现强回声反射,导致后方回声衰减,胃壁局部及其后方结构难以显示。
图5-6为组3及其对照的超声效果,由图5可以看出,超声造影清晰,胃内回声呈均匀一致的无回声,造影剂分布均匀,胃腔状况及胃壁全层结构显示清晰,而其对照(图6)不清晰。造影剂稳定性较差,造影剂与水在胃内混合出现明显不均匀,局部回声偏高,局部造影剂含量较少,呈低回声,对疾病诊断造成干扰,胃腔状况及胃壁全层结构显示欠清晰。
图7-8为组4及其对照的超声效果,由图7可以看出,超声造影清晰,胃内回声呈均匀一致的无回声,胃腔内气体可充分排空,无回声造影剂自身也不产生干扰诊断的强回声,不出现造影剂沉积现象,胃腔状况及胃壁全层结构显示清晰。而其对照(图8)不清晰,胃内回声不均匀,造影剂稳定性较差,造影剂与水在胃内混合出现明显不均匀,出现造影剂沉积现象,而且沉积的造影剂内部回声不均。胃腔内高回声、低回声及无回声同时存在。另外局部出现强回声反射,导致后方回声衰减,胃壁局部及其后方结构难以显示。
Claims (9)
1.一种胃肠超声造影剂,其特征在于,包括鸡内金提取物和牛蒡提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述超声造影剂,其特征在于,所述鸡内金提取物和牛蒡提取物的用量质量比为1:(3-12)。
3.根据权利要求1所述超声造影剂,其特征在于,所述鸡内金提取物的提取方法为:
(1)将鸡内金清洗干净,加质量分数为0.5-2%醋酸水溶液浸没,浸泡8-12小时;
(2)捞出鸡内金,放进烤箱,在100-130℃条件下进行高温烘烤,烘烤10-30min至变为金黄色;
(3)将烤过的鸡内金碎成粉末,将粉末放进玻璃容器中,加入2-5倍质量的清水搅拌均匀,升高温度至80-95℃,煎煮溶解7-10分钟制成煎煮液;
(4)将煎煮液进行滤网过滤,将过滤液进行离心澄清,取澄清液;
(5)将澄清液温度降低至20-30℃,加入有机溶剂,加入量为澄清液的1/4-1/3体积,封闭搅拌萃取5-10分钟,静置、分层后,分离取上层有机溶剂萃取液;
(6)将装有有机溶剂萃取液的容器放进蒸馏塔,升高温度将有机溶剂蒸发,得到固态鸡内金提取物。
4.根据权利要求3所述超声造影剂,其特征在于,所述醋酸为食用醋酸。
5.根据权利要求3所述超声造影剂,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为石油醚或乙醚。
6.根据权利要求1所述超声造影剂,其特征在于,所述牛蒡提取物的提取方法为:
(1)将牛蒡去皮,自然晒干或者在50-60℃的烤箱中烘干;
(3)将烘干的牛蒡碎成粉末,将粉末放进玻璃容器中,加入2-5倍质量的清水搅拌均匀,升高温度至70-85℃,煎煮溶解10-15分钟制成煎煮液;
(4)将煎煮液进行滤网过滤,将过滤液进行离心澄清,取澄清液;
(5)将澄清液温度降低至20-30℃,加入有机溶剂,加入量为澄清液的1/4-1/3体积,封闭搅拌萃取5-10分钟,静置、分层后,分离取上层有机溶剂萃取液;
(6)将装有有机溶剂萃取液的容器放进蒸馏塔,升高温度将有机溶剂蒸发,得到固态牛蒡提取物。
7.根据权利要求6所述超声造影剂,其特征在于,所述醋酸为食用醋酸。
8.根据权利要求6所述超声造影剂,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为乙醚或石油醚。
9.根据权利要求1所述超声造影剂,其特征在于,所述超声造影剂包括鸡内金提取物,牛蒡提取物以及药学上可接受的载体。
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