CN111052964A

CN111052964A - Comprehensive control method for harmful vines suitable for secondary forest land

Info

Publication number: CN111052964A
Application number: CN201911236875.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韦萍萍; 苏应娟; 胡亮; 李鸣光; 昝启杰
Original assignee: Neilingding Futian State Nature Preservation Zone Administration Guangdong Prov; Shenzhen Research Institute of Sun Yat Sen University; National Sun Yat Sen University
Current assignee: Neilingding Futian State Nature Preservation Zone Administration Guangdong Prov; Sun Yat Sen University; Shenzhen Research Institute of Sun Yat Sen University; National Sun Yat Sen University
Priority date: 2019-12-05
Filing date: 2019-12-05
Publication date: 2020-04-24

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive control method of harmful lianas suitable for secondary forest lands, which comprises the following steps: s1, removing target harmful vines of secondary forest windows or forest edge open lands; s2, intensively planting grass plants in the clean land formed after removing the harmful vines in the step S1; s3, carrying out woody plant community transformation in a grass community distribution area formed by intensive planting in the step S2 to ensure that the grass community is closed into a forest, and finally forming a habitat which is not suitable for the existence of harmful vines and other weeds, thereby preventing the growth of the harmful vines. According to the method, the rapidly growing and easily-managed grass plant community is utilized to replace species in the early stage to quickly occupy the habitat, so that the revival rate of harmful vines is greatly reduced, and the problem that simple physical and chemical control needs to be repeatedly implemented for many times is solved; meanwhile, woody plant community transformation is carried out on plots distributed by grass plants to form a habitat which is not suitable for the growth of harmful vines, and the aim of long-term effective control can be achieved.

Description

Comprehensive control method for harmful vines suitable for secondary forest land

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological control of harmful plants, in particular to a comprehensive control method of harmful lianas suitable for secondary forest lands.

Background

Vine plants are a non-natural taxonomic group which can not freely erect after growing to a certain height and can be supported by climbing other plants or objects. Vine plants have a "movement" function, where the tendrils or stems are stretched, wound, climbed by a spiral movement towards a potential support, eventually gaining more growth resources and space. Vine plants differ from other epiphytic/parasitic plants in their climbing or winding habits in that the nutrients required for their growth are derived directly from the soil. Researchers generally divide lianas into two categories, grass vines and wood vines, the wood vines play an important role in growth and renewal of trees, maintenance of species diversity and dynamic change of forest ecosystems, and the abundant wood vines are considered as important features for distinguishing tropical forests and temperate forests. It is worth noting that the impact of vines on the forest ecosystem is not all positive. According to the national forest pest disaster standard, when the growth speed of vines in a forest is too high, the coverage degree of the winding covering forest canopy exceeds 60% or more than 3% of trees die, the vines are regarded as harmful plants.

Mikania micrantha and ipomoea cairica are typical exotic and noxious lianas. Mikania micrantha is perennial herbaceous liana or near-woody liana in pseudoeupatorium of Compositae, is one of ten well-recognized harmful grasses in the world in native middle and south America, and is listed as one of the most harmful 100 invasive species in the world in 2001 by the International Union of Natural protection (IUCN). At present, mikania micrantha is subjected to large-area occurrence and damage in south China, Yunnan China and other places. The ipomoea cairica is perennial herb vine of ipomoea of the family Convolvulaceae, is often associated with mikania micrantha, is widely distributed in southwest provinces of China, and is a typical agricultural and forestry weed.

The major harm of harmful vines to agriculture, forestry and ecological environment has attracted great attention, and since the last 70 th century, a series of researches on the control of harmful vines have been developed at home and abroad, and the current control means mainly include physical removal, chemical herbicide spraying (for example, patents CN108934650A, CN109042667A and the like), community transformation control and biological control. Although the prevention and treatment methods are numerous, the methods have unsatisfactory points. For example, physical control is time-consuming and labor-intensive; chemical control has poor durability and may be environmentally hazardous; although community transformation can be effectively controlled for a long time, the community transformation takes effect slowly, and the early tending cost is large. The biological control of the dodder has hysteresis, and the infection effect in the second year after overwintering is poor; insect control is still in the laboratory stage, and control effects, field safety and colonization ability are not concluded. Therefore, it is required to develop a comprehensive control method which has good control effect and quick response and can control the occurrence of the harmful liana for a long time.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art and provide a comprehensive control method for harmful vines suitable for secondary forest lands.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

a comprehensive control method for harmful vines suitable for secondary forest lands comprises the following steps:

s1, removing target harmful vines of secondary forest windows or forest edge open lands;

s2, intensively planting grass plants in the clean land formed after removing the harmful vines in the step S1;

s3, carrying out woody plant community transformation in a grass community distribution area formed by intensive planting in the step S2 to ensure that the grass community is closed into a forest, and finally forming a habitat which is not suitable for the existence of harmful vines and other weeds, thereby preventing the growth of the harmful vines.

The method comprises the steps of firstly removing harmful vines occupying secondary forest gaps or forest margin vacant lands by a physical removal or chemical prevention and removal method; then, sowing seeds of the grass plants densely in the clean land blocks obtained by removing the harmful vines, and properly managing and protecting the seeds to ensure that the target grass quickly occupies the habitat of the original harmful vines; finally, the woody plant community is reformed and simply managed and protected in the grass distribution area where the harmful vines have been successfully replaced, and after the planted woody plants survive, the woody plants can be allowed to naturally grow and close into forests, and finally, a habitat which is not suitable for the existence of the harmful vines and other weeds is formed, so that the aim of preventing and controlling the harmful vines is fulfilled.

Specifically, the harmful liana is a grass liana.

More specifically, the harmful liana is mikania recutita, ardisia crenata, feverfew, perfoliate knotweed, Japanese cayratia, smilax, rubus corchorifolius, vitis amurensis, calyx seu fructus physalis, etc.; especially for mikania micrantha and ipomoea cairica liana which are seriously harmful in southern areas of China.

Preferably, in step S1, the removing is performed by physical removing or chemical control method; the implementation time of the physical removal is 3-4 months per year, and the physical removal not only needs to remove overground part of the rattan, but also needs to remove underground root systems; the chemical prevention and elimination implementation time is before harmful vine seeds mature in autumn every year, and the chemical rust remover adopted by the chemical prevention and elimination should select products with low toxicity and good ecological safety in the same class of products. The time for densely planting the grass in the clean land varies according to the adopted removal method. Grass can be planted immediately after physical removal; the chemical control takes at least 3 months to grow the grass.

Preferably, in step S2, the grass plants are gramineous herbs with adult plant height within 50-100 cm and underground root systems relatively easy to remove; the intensive planting mode is broadcast planting, each square meter of seeds is not less than 50, the cover degree of the formed grass community is not less than 90%, and no less than one time of manual management and protection is carried out during the period from the sowing of the grass to the growth of the grass community with the cover degree of more than 90%.

Preferably, the grass plants are of the species already distributed in the field of control.

More preferably, the grass plant is a wrangler or crabgrass.

Preferably, in step S3, the selected community-transformed tree species is a native tree species, the tree species planted at the forest gap position is the same as the primary species of the secondary forest, and the tree species with stronger vine resistance is planted at the forest edge position.

Preferably, the tree species with stronger vine resistance is macaranga tanarius or sapporon.

Preferably, in step S3, the height of the seedlings of the transformed woody plant community is not less than 100cm, and the planting row spacing of the seedlings is not more than 200cm × 200 cm.

Specifically, when the grass community is transformed into the woody plant community, only the grass on the planting strips is removed, and the mulching film is paved on the planting strips to prevent grass competition, and the parts outside the planting strips still retain the grass to prevent harmful vines from occupying the habitat again.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) after the harmful vines are removed, the grass plants which grow rapidly in the early succession stage of the community and are relatively easy to manually manage quickly occupy the habitat, so that the revival rate of the harmful vines is greatly reduced, and the problem that simple physical and chemical control needs to be repeatedly implemented for many times is solved;

(2) according to the method, woody plant community transformation is carried out on the land where the grass plants are distributed, the tending and managing difficulty is obviously lower than that of the harmful vine distribution land, and after community transformation in the later period is completed, a habitat unsuitable for harmful vine growth is formed, so that the purpose of long-term effective control can be achieved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the comprehensive control method for harmful vines in secondary forests.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the following detailed description, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.

Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

Example 1

In 2008 3-2009 12, the inventor implements mikania micrantha community transformation prevention and control engineering on secondary forests seriously damaged by Shenzhen elutriation of mikania micrantha. The covering degree of engineering mikania micrantha in 12 months of 2007 is more than 80%, and the covering degree of other grass is about 8%. In 2008, 3-4 months, before community transformation, soil preparation treatment is carried out on the engineering land, and mikania micrantha and other weeds in the engineering land are completely removed in an artificial physical shoveling mode. And 5-7 month-old continental planting communities in 2008 are used for modifying tree species of Syzygium cumini, Syzygium sambucus, Heteropanaxfragon, Macaranga tanarius and Macaranga tanarius. Because the mikania micrantha and other herb seeds in soil cannot be removed during soil preparation, the regeneration of community-modified weeds and mikania micrantha is serious in the 1-year tending management process of the 8-2009-8-year period 2008. Tracking investigation shows that in large and medium-sized grass community dense regeneration areas, the growth quantity and coverage degree of mikania micrantha plants are far lower than those of other shrub regeneration areas. The community reconstruction tree species management and protection difficulty in different areas is as follows from big to small: the shrub and mikania micrantha intensive revival area is approximately equal to a large grass distribution area and a mikania micrantha sparse distribution area which are larger than a medium grass and mikania micrantha sparse distribution area.

According to the findings, the inventor tries to artificially clean mikania micrantha in a mikania micrantha harmful area through the following specific examples, and then plants grass plants, so that the grass plants quickly occupy the habitat, and researches the actual control effect of the grass plants on the mikania micrantha.

Example 2

In 8 months 2010, the inventor sets 3 samples of 5m multiplied by 5m in a wasteland heavily covered by mikania micrantha near a Guangzhou Zhongcun nursery garden, and the coverage degree of the mikania micrantha exceeds 90%. In 2011 and 3 months, overground and underground parts of mikania micrantha in the sample plot are completely removed, and 3 different grass seeds of bermuda grass, digitaria sanguinalis and oryza pratensis are respectively sown in 3 sample plots. The method has the advantages that the rainwater is abundant in 4 months, the mikania micrantha and the grass seeds germinate and grow well, the mikania micrantha seedlings in the sample area are removed once in a manual removing mode, and plants in any subsequent sample area grow naturally. After 2 months, the coverage of the herbs in the sample prescription exceeds 95 percent, the coverage of both the crabgrass and the taraxacum officinale sample prescription exceeds 80 percent, and the winding coverage ratio of the mikania micrantha is lower than 10 percent; in a Bermuda grass sample, the coverage of the Bermuda grass is only about 50%, the coverage of other weeds is about 40%, and the winding coverage of mikania micrantha is about 20-30%.

The mode proves that the growth area of the original mikania micrantha is replaced by the gramineous plants, so that the gramineous plants quickly occupy the habitat of the original distribution of the harmful lianas, and the coverage of the harmful lianas can be reduced to a certain extent; it has also been found that different kinds of grass plants have different degrees of habitat control for mikania micrantha and other weeds.

Example 3

In 2015-2016, the inventor carries out a harmful liana comprehensive control project in a Shenzhen Lin island. And respectively arranging control sample plots in a mikania micrantha and radix berchemiae lineatae mixed hazard area near an east bay wharf of the intelligent parking island and a plurality of liana mixed distribution areas such as mikania micrantha, radix berchemiae lineatae, crow vine, bur vine and the like near a jiao hole bay. In 2015, harmful vines are removed from east bay sample plots by chemical rust removers such as crape myrtle remover and bactericide for 6-10 months, and in 11-3 months in the next year, continuous investigation and monitoring show that the regeneration conditions of plants at different positions in the sample plots are remarkably different, and the west side of the sample plot is about 20m²The range is almost completely covered by the sprawl ruditake, and the regeneration rate of mikania micrantha and ipomoea cairica is lower than 5%; east side of the sample approximately 50m²In the range of the growth rate of mikania micrantha and golden larch exceeds 30 percent, and the weeds of compositae, such as lantana camara, sticktight, erigeron breviscapus, and the like, appear. Planting holes are manually cleared at two sides of the sample in 2016 and 5 months, and macaranga tanarius seedlings with the height of about 2m and the crown width of 50cm are planted at the line spacing of 2m multiplied by 2 m. Monitoring for 5 months later, and only recording the winding conditions of 2 lianas on the macaranga tanarius in the coverage area of the cymbidium; in the areas where the east China vines and other feverfew weeds are distributed, the vines on the macaranga tanarius are seriously wound, and the phenomenon of death of seedlings does not occur, but the branches and leaves at the bottommost layers of a plurality of macaranga tanarius are broken. The relative growth rate of the macaranga tanarius seedlings is also obviously higher than that of the macaranga tanarius seedlings on the east side.

The control sample plot is set in the vine mixed distribution area near the jiao cang bay, and the result is similar to that of the control measure adopted in Dongwan. The difference is that along with the increase of the detection time, under the condition that subsequent artificial tending interference does not exist, the damage degree of the woody liana spinosa to the macarana tanarius is far greater than that of the mikania micrantha and the ardisia crenata. And along with the continuous extension of the branches of the byttneria spinosa, the macaranga tanarius which originally has better growth in a grass distribution area are affected by the winding and covering of the byttneria spinosa. The results show that the aim of preventing and controlling the harmful vines can be achieved by artificially removing the target harmful vines in the control area through artificial tending interference, planting grass plants (such as the wrack) to enable the grass plants to quickly occupy the habitat, and then carrying out woody plant community transformation in a grass distribution area where the harmful vines have been successfully replaced to form a habitat unsuitable for the existence of the harmful vines and other weeds.

Through the above embodiments, it can be found that the comprehensive control method for harmful lianas suitable for the secondary forest land provided by the invention can effectively control grass lianas such as mikania micrantha and iporia cairica. The method not only solves the problem that the pure physical control and the chemical control need to be repeated for many times, but also makes up the defect of large early-stage tending cost of the traditional community modification control method.

Claims

1. A comprehensive control method for harmful lianas suitable for secondary forest lands is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s3, carrying out woody plant community transformation in a grass community distribution area formed by intensive planting in the step S2 to ensure that the grass community is closed into a forest, and finally forming a habitat which is not suitable for the existence of harmful vines and other weeds, thereby inhibiting the growth of the harmful vines and achieving the purpose of long-term effective control.

2. The method for comprehensively controlling harmful liana according to claim 1, characterized in that the harmful liana is herbaceous liana.

3. The method for comprehensively controlling harmful lianas according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the removal is performed by a physical removal method or a chemical control method; the implementation time of the physical removal is 3-4 months per year, and the physical removal not only needs to remove overground part of the rattan, but also needs to remove underground root systems; the chemical control implementation time is before the harmful vine seeds mature in autumn every year.

4. The method for comprehensively controlling harmful vines according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the grass plants are grass plants with an adult plant height within a range of 50-100 cm and underground root systems relatively easy to remove; the intensive planting mode is broadcast planting, each square meter of seeds is not less than 50, the cover degree of the formed grass community is not less than 90%, and no less than one time of manual management and protection is carried out during the period from the sowing of the grass to the growth of the grass community with the cover degree of more than 90%.

5. The method for comprehensively controlling harmful vines according to claim 1, wherein the grass plants are existing distributed species in a control field.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the selected colony-transformed tree species are native tree species, the tree species planted in the position of forest gap are the same as the original species of secondary forest, and the tree species with stronger vine resistance are planted in the position of forest edge.

7. The method for comprehensively controlling harmful liana according to claim 6, wherein the tree species having a strong resistance to liana is Macaranga tanarius or Heteropana japonica.

8. The method for integrally controlling unwanted liana according to claim 1 or 6, wherein in step S3, the height of said population of woody plants transformed with said tree seedlings is not less than 100cm, and the spacing between the rows of said tree seedlings is not more than 200cm x 200 cm.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the woody plant community is transformed into the grass community, only the grass on the planting strips is removed, and a mulching film is laid on the planting strips to prevent grass competition, and the grass is remained at the portion other than the planting strips to prevent the harmful vines from occupying the habitat again.