CN111047920B - Cosmic ray track detection and display device - Google Patents
Cosmic ray track detection and display device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a cosmic ray trajectory detection and display device, which includes: a display screen; the first detection array comprises a plurality of first counting tubes which are arranged side by side in the transverse direction; the second detection array is arranged below the first detection array and comprises a plurality of second counting tubes which are arranged side by side in the transverse direction, and the second counting tubes are parallel to the first counting tubes; the signal processing circuit is connected with the output ends of the first counting tubes and the second counting tubes and is used for recording the signal sending state of each first counting tube and each second counting tube at the moment and outputting the signal as state information when receiving signals sent by one first counting tube and one second counting tube simultaneously; a camera for capturing an image of an area between the first detection array and the second detection array; and an image processing unit. The cosmic ray track detection and display device facilitates cosmic ray science popularization for common audiences.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ray detection, in particular to a cosmic ray track detection and display device.
Background
Cosmic rays are high-energy particles from the space of the universe, help people to know the mysteries of infinitesimal world, bring rich information of celestial bodies and the evolution of the universe, and are the only samples from the outside of the solar system obtained by the people. The infinite universe and the infinite elementary particle world belong to the largest mystery that human beings need to know, and are inseparable from the study of cosmic ray physics. Cosmic ray research is one of the major scientific projects at the forefront of physics today. The LHAASO of the high-altitude cosmic ray observation station which is being built in China is a national great scientific and technological infrastructure construction project. LHAASO is one of the world's 4 cosmic ray research centers. Popularization of cosmic ray knowledge in China, realization of high-end scientific research resource popularization, improvement of scientific level of all nationalities and cultivation of backup talents are urgent needs.
Cosmic rays illuminate us all the time and are one of the important sources of natural radioactivity accepted by human beings, but our eyes cannot see it and ears cannot hear it. The instruments capable of helping people to see cosmic rays comprise cloud chambers, spark chambers and other spectrometers, but the instruments are complex in structure, high in price and complex in operation, or need to be observed in a dark environment, cannot be carried, and are not suitable for demonstrating a large number of common audiences flexibly and conveniently, so that the instruments are not suitable for popularizing the cosmic ray knowledge for the public.
It is to be noted that the information invented in the above background section is only for enhancing the understanding of the background of the present invention, and therefore, may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cosmic ray track detection and display device, which solves the problem that the conventional cosmic ray measuring instrument is not suitable for popular science demonstration.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cosmic ray trajectory detection and display device including:
a display screen;
the first detection array comprises a plurality of first counting tubes which are arranged side by side in the transverse direction;
the second detection array is arranged below the first detection array and comprises a plurality of second counting tubes which are arranged side by side in the transverse direction, the first counting tubes and the second counting tubes are gamma-type Geiger counting tubes, and the second counting tubes are parallel to the first counting tubes;
the signal processing circuit is connected with the output ends of the first counting tubes and the second counting tubes and is used for recording the signal sending state of each first counting tube and each second counting tube at the moment and outputting the signal as state information when receiving signals sent by one first counting tube and one second counting tube simultaneously;
a camera for capturing an image of an area between the first detection array and the second detection array; and
and the image processing unit is connected with the signal processing circuit, the display screen and the camera and used for acquiring the positions of the first counting tube and the second counting tube which are penetrated by cosmic rays according to the state information and the transverse position information of each counting tube after receiving the state information, superposing a cosmic ray track extending from the position of the first counting tube to the position of the second counting tube on the image and sending the image to the display screen for displaying.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining, after receiving the state information, positions of a first counting tube and a second counting tube penetrated by cosmic rays according to the state information and the position information of each counting tube includes:
identifying the number information of a first counting tube and a second counting tube which send signals according to the state information;
acquiring position information corresponding to the number information in advance according to the number information of the first counting tube;
and obtaining the position information corresponding to the number information in advance according to the number information of the second counting tube.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a signal processing circuit includes:
the first discrimination forming circuits are connected with the first counting tubes in a one-to-one correspondence mode and used for receiving the signals of which the output amplitude is larger than 3.5 volts of the first counting tubes and converting the signals into first square pulse signals with set time width for output;
the second screening and forming circuits are connected with the second counting tubes in a one-to-one correspondence mode and used for receiving the signals of which the output amplitude is larger than 3.5 volts of the second counting tubes and converting the signals into second square pulse signals with set time width for output;
the parallel input end of the register is connected with the output end of each first screening forming circuit and each second screening forming circuit, and the register is used for recording the state information when the read-in control circuit gives out permission to read;
the logic judging and selecting circuit is connected with the output end of each first screening forming circuit and each second screening forming circuit and is used for sending a trigger signal when receiving the first square pulse signal and the second square pulse signal simultaneously;
and the trigger control circuit is connected to the output end of the logic judgment and selection circuit and is used for controlling the register to record by using a signal qualified by logic judgment and selection after receiving the trigger signal and then controlling the image processing unit to read in the state information just recorded in the register.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the logic decision circuit includes:
each input end of the first OR gate is connected with the output end of each first screening shaping circuit;
each input end of the second OR gate is connected with the output end of each second screening and shaping circuit;
and the input end of the AND gate is respectively connected with the output ends of the first OR gate and the second OR gate, and the output end of the AND gate is connected with the trigger control circuit.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the trigger control circuit includes a read-in control circuit, an input end of the read-in control circuit is connected to an output end of the and gate, and an output end of the read-in control circuit is connected to the parallel read-in control end of the register;
the read-in control circuit is used for sending a read-in control signal for controlling the register to read in the square pulse signal in parallel to the read-in control end of the register after receiving the trigger signal sent by the AND gate, and the time width of the read-in control signal is greater than or equal to the time length of the trigger register for completing one parallel read-in of the square pulse signal.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the image processing unit further includes a single chip microcomputer and a computer;
the computer is respectively connected with the display screen, the camera and the singlechip;
the input end of the singlechip is connected with the data serial reading end of the register, and the clock pulse of the singlechip controls the data of the register to be read bit by bit and simultaneously clears each bit read in the register;
the trigger control circuit also comprises a forming circuit, wherein the inverting input end of the forming circuit is connected with the output end of the read-in control circuit, the inverting output end of the forming circuit is connected with the other input control end of the read-in control circuit, and the non-inverting output end of the forming circuit is connected with the read-in control end of the single chip microcomputer;
the read-in control circuit also sends a forming control signal to the forming circuit at the output end after receiving the trigger signal sent by the AND gate; the forming circuit sends a serial reading signal to the single chip after receiving the read-in forming control signal and simultaneously sends a parallel reading signal to the read-in control circuit before the reading signal is finished; the singlechip sends clock pulses to serially read state information bit by bit from the register after receiving the serial reading signal, obtains the number information of the positions of the first counting tube and the second counting tube penetrated by cosmic rays according to the state information and the position information of each counting tube, and then sends the number information to the computer; after receiving the number information, the computer superimposes a cosmic ray straight-line track extending from the position of the first counting tube to the position of the second counting tube on the image according to the number and the position corresponding data of the memory and sends the image to the display screen for display; the read-in control circuit inhibits the shaping control signal and the parallel read-in control signal from being output again during the period of receiving the inhibit signal so as to avoid confusing the read-in of another cosmic ray case which may arrive in the read time.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the time widths of the inhibit signal and the read signal are equal and both are greater than or equal to the time length for the single chip to complete one-time serial bit-by-bit reading of the state information in the register, so as to ensure normal reading.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the time widths of the first square pulse signal and the second square pulse signal are 0.5 μ s, the time widths of the control signal and the shaping control signal read into the register in parallel are 50ns, and the time widths of the inhibit signal and the serial read signal are 6 ms.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the second detection array further includes a plurality of third counting tubes arranged side by side in a transverse direction, the third counting tubes are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the second counting tubes, and the third counting tubes are gamma geiger counting tubes;
each third counting tube is positioned at one end of the corresponding second counting tube and aligned with the second counting tube, and the output end of each third counting tube is also connected to the input end of the second screening and forming circuit connected with the output end of the corresponding second counting tube, so that the effective detection length of the second counting tube is prolonged.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first and second screening shaping circuits are both monostable circuits.
The cosmic ray track detection and display device has the beneficial effects that:
when a person stands between the first detection array and the second detection array, if a cosmic ray vertically penetrates through the first detection array and the second detection array, the person can visually see a cosmic ray track from the display screen and pass through the body of the person, the person visually shows the track of the cosmic ray passing through the body of the person, the person can also take the picture by using a mobile phone, and the interestingness and the interactivity of the cosmic ray popular science are increased. The cosmic ray track detection and display device can demonstrate cosmic rays in various places such as science and technology museums, exhibition halls, laboratories, classrooms and the like, can normally demonstrate no matter which floor the cosmic ray track detection and display device is located on, and can automatically and continuously run for a long time.
Meanwhile, the cosmic ray track detection and display device is high in measurement accuracy and sensitivity, strong in anti-interference capability, simple in structure, low in cost, convenient to maintain, small in size, capable of being carried, free of light, capable of being flexibly demonstrated in various occasions, and convenient for performing cosmic ray popular science on common audiences
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a cosmic ray trace detection and display device in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cosmic ray traversing through a first detection array and a second detection array in an embodiment of the inventions;
FIG. 3 is an effect diagram illustrating a cosmic ray trajectory for a display screen in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a second detection array in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and thus their detailed description will be omitted.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a cosmic ray trajectory detection and display device 1, and the cosmic ray trajectory detection and display device 1 includes a first detection array 11, a second detection array 12, a signal processing circuit 13, a camera 16, an image processing unit 15, and a display screen 17.
Referring to fig. 2, the first detection array 11 includes a plurality of first counting tubes 111. The first counting tubes 111 are parallel to each other. The first counting tubes 111 are arranged side by side in the transverse direction, and two adjacent first counting tubes 111 are close to each other. A plurality of first counter tubes 111 may be provided on top of the kiosk, supported by the kiosk. The number of the first count tubes 111 may be 40.
The second detection array 12 includes a plurality of second counting tubes 121. The second counting tubes 121 are all parallel to the first counting tube 111. The second counting tubes 121 are arranged side by side in the transverse direction, and two adjacent second counting tubes 121 are close to each other. The second detecting array 12 is arranged below the first detecting array 11, the second detecting array 12 is vertically aligned with the first detecting array 11, and the second detecting array can be arranged at the bottom of the sentry box. The number of the second count tubes 121 may be 40.
Most cosmic rays 2 are propagated from top to bottom and are oriented laterally in a substantially horizontal direction to ensure that most cosmic rays 2 are captured. The first counting tubes 111 and the second counting tubes 121 may be slightly inclined to the horizontal direction, but the included angle is not too large, for example, the included angle is within 10 °.
The first counter tube 111 and the second counter tube 121 are both gamma geiger counter tubes. The Geiger counter tube is made of ray capable of ionizing gas, when charged ray passes through the tube, the ray ionizes gas atoms in the tube to release electrons, and the electrons undergo avalanche amplification process to output large-amplitude electric pulse signals at the anode. Cosmic ray 2 and natural gamma ray existing in nature can ionize gas in a Geiger counting tube to generate signals, but most of gamma rays can ionize in only one Geiger counting tube to form signals. Therefore, the performance can be utilized to screen the cosmic ray 2 from a plurality of rays by adopting the 'coincidence' technology, and the purpose of detecting the cosmic ray 2 is realized.
The signal processing circuit 13 is connected to the output of each first counter tube 111 and each second counter tube 121. The signal processing circuit 13 is configured to record and store the signal transmission state of each first count tube 111 and each second count tube 121 at that moment as state information only when signals transmitted by one first count tube 111 and one second count tube 121 are received at the same time. The state information expresses whether each first counting tube 111 and each second counting tube 121 is triggered by a cosmic ray 2 at this moment. The signal processing circuit 13 is also connected to the image processing unit 15, and transmits the status information to the image processing unit 15 immediately after acquiring the status information. Since the first detection array 11 is disposed above the second detection array 12, and the propagation direction of the cosmic ray 2 is from top to bottom, and the propagation speed of the cosmic ray 2 is extremely fast (close to the speed of light), a cosmic ray 2 almost simultaneously penetrates through one first counting tube 111 in the first detection array 11 and one second counting tube 121 in the second detection array 12. The first counter tube 111 and the second counter tube 121 are triggered at the same time to generate two electrical signals respectively and send the two electrical signals to the signal processing circuit 13 at the same time. Therefore, only when the first counting tube 111 and the second counting tube 121 simultaneously send signals to the signal processing circuit 13, it can be confirmed that the triggering of the counting tube is caused by the cosmic ray 2, and a gamma ray in the environment can normally trigger only one counting tube at the same time, so that the misdetection caused by the triggering of the first counting tube 111 or the second counting tube 121 by the gamma ray in the environment can be eliminated as fully as possible, and the accuracy of the cosmic ray in the detection result is ensured to be high.
The camera 16 is connected to the image processing unit 15. The camera 16 is arranged outside the area between the first detection array 11 and the second detection array 12. The axis of the lens of the camera 16 is substantially parallel to the axis of the first count tube 111. The camera 16 is used to take a real-time image of the area between the first detection array 11 and the second detection array 12 and to send the taken image to the image processing unit 15. When a person stands in the area between the first detection array 11 and the second detection array 12, the camera 16 can take a picture of the entire person.
A display screen 17 is connected to the image processing unit 15, and the display screen 17 may be disposed outside the region between the first detection array 11 and the second detection array 12. A person standing in the area between the first detection array 11 and the second detection array 12 can directly see the image displayed on the display screen 17.
The image processing unit 15 continuously receives the images captured by the camera 16 and sends the images to the display screen 17 for display. When the image processing unit 15 receives the status information transmitted from the signal processing circuit 13, it analyzes the status information to obtain which count pipe the first count pipe 111 of the transmission information is, and also to obtain which count pipe the second count pipe 121 of the transmission information is. The image processing unit 15 stores in advance the position of each first counting tube 111 in the image and the position of each second counting tube 121 in the image. The position of the first counter tube 111 in the image can be obtained by determining which of the first counter tubes 111 has transmitted the signal to the signal processing circuit 13, and the position of the second counter tube 121 in the image can be obtained by determining which of the second counter tubes 121 has transmitted the signal to the signal processing circuit 13. After obtaining the positions of the first counting tube 111 and the second counting tube 121 penetrated by the cosmic ray 2, the image processing unit 15 generates a cosmic ray track 3 extending from the position of the first counting tube 111 to the position of the second counting tube 121, where the cosmic ray track 3 is a straight line. Referring to FIG. 3, image processing unit 15 superimposes the cosmic ray trajectory 3 onto an image and then sends the image to display screen 17 for display.
Thus, when a person stands between the first detection array 11 and the second detection array 12, if a cosmic ray 2 vertically penetrates through the first detection array 11 and the second detection array 12, the person can visually see a cosmic ray track 3 from the display screen 17 and pass through the body of the person, the track of the cosmic ray 2 passing through the body is visually displayed, the person can also be shot by a mobile phone, and the interest and the interactivity of the cosmic ray 2 popular science are increased. The cosmic ray trajectory detection and display device 1 can demonstrate cosmic rays in various places such as science and technology museums, exhibition halls, laboratories, classrooms and the like, can normally demonstrate no matter which floor the cosmic ray trajectory detection and display device 1 is located on, and can automatically and continuously operate for a long time.
Further, since the gamma geiger tubes may have different working "plateaus" (i.e., the counting rate is in the high pressure range of the flat zone, where the counting rate has small variation and the detection efficiency is high), the working "plateaus" need to be measured one by one before use to select the gamma tubes that can share one high pressure range.
Further, the signal processing circuit 13 includes a plurality of first screening shaping circuits 131, a plurality of second screening shaping circuits 132, a register 140, a logic decision circuit 133, and a trigger control circuit 137.
The first discriminator shaping circuit 131 may be a monostable circuit. The number of the first screening and forming circuits 131 is the same as that of the first counting tubes 111, and the first screening and forming circuits 131 are connected with the first counting tubes 111 in a one-to-one correspondence manner. After the first counting tube 111 is triggered, the first counting tube 111 sends a pulse signal to the first discrimination shaping circuit 131 connected to it, and the first discrimination shaping circuit 131 converts the pulse signal into a first pulse signal with a set time width after receiving the pulse signal and outputs the first pulse signal. The time width of the first side pulse signal may be 0.5 μ s. In this way, the first discriminator/shaping circuit 131 converts the analog signal output from the first counter tube 111 into a logic level "1" side pulse signal.
The second discriminator shaping circuit 132 may be a monostable circuit. The number of the second screening and shaping circuits 132 is the same as that of the second counting tubes 121, and the second screening and shaping circuits 132 are connected to the second counting tubes 121 in a one-to-one correspondence manner. After the second counting tube 121 is triggered, the second counting tube 121 sends a pulse signal to the second discrimination shaping circuit 132 connected to it, and the second discrimination shaping circuit 132 converts the pulse signal into a second-side pulse signal with a set time width after receiving the pulse signal and outputs the second-side pulse signal. The time width of the second-party pulse signal may be 0.5 mus. In this way, the second discriminator/shaping circuit 132 converts the analog signal output from the second counter tube 121 into a logic level "1" side pulse signal.
The register 140 may be a parallel input serial output register. Parallel inputs of the register 140 are connected to outputs of each of the first and second discriminator shaping circuits 131, 132, respectively. A logic decision circuit 133 is also connected to the output of each of the first and second discriminator shaping circuits 131, 132. The first discrimination and shaping circuit 131 sends a first square pulse signal to one parallel input end of the register 140 and the logic judgment and selection circuit 133 at the same time, and the second discrimination and shaping circuit 132 sends a second square pulse signal to one parallel input end of the register 140 and the logic judgment and selection circuit 133 at the same time.
The logic decision circuit 133 is configured to send a trigger signal from the output terminal upon receiving the first side pulse signal and the second side pulse signal at the same time. The input terminal of the trigger control circuit 137 is connected to the output terminal of the logic decision circuit 133, and one output terminal of the read control circuit 138 in the trigger control circuit 137 is further connected to the parallel read control terminal of the register 140. The trigger control circuit 137 transmits a parallel read-in control signal to the register 140 upon receiving the trigger signal. When the register 140 receives the parallel reading control signal, each port connected to the first discrimination forming circuit 131 starts to read the first-side pulse signal, and each port connected to the second discrimination forming circuit 132 starts to read the second-side pulse signal, so as to obtain the state information of whether each first discrimination forming circuit 131 and each second discrimination forming circuit 132 send the pulse signal. The state information is a logic level square pulse, so that the corresponding position of the register is set to be a binary "1" state, the total number of bits of the state information is equal to the sum of the first screening and shaping circuit 131 and the second screening and shaping circuit 132, in this embodiment, the total number of the first screening and shaping circuit 131 and the second screening and shaping circuit 132 is 80, and the state information is an 80-bit logic level square pulse. Each port connecting the register 140 to the first and second discriminator/shaping circuits 131 and 132 corresponds to a binary bit number, the bit-number logic-electric square pulse corresponding to the port receiving the first or second square pulse signal may be recorded as "1" in binary, and the bit number corresponding to the port not receiving the first or second square pulse signal may be recorded as "0" in binary. For example, the ports connecting the first screening shaping circuit 131 to the last first screening shaping circuit 131 correspond to the first 40 bits of the state information in sequence, and the ports connecting the first second screening shaping circuit 132 to the last second screening shaping circuit 132 correspond to the last 40 bits of the state information in sequence. In this way, it is possible to know from the value of the state information which first discrimination shaping circuit 131 the first side pulse signal received this time has been transmitted, and it is also possible to know from which second discrimination shaping circuit 132 the second side pulse signal received this time has been transmitted.
Further, the logic decision circuit 133 includes a first or gate 134, a second or gate 135, and a and gate 136. Each input terminal of the first or gate 134 is connected to an output terminal of each first discriminator forming circuit 131. Each input of the second or gate 135 is interconnected with an output of each second discriminator shaping circuit 132. The inputs of the and gate 136 are interconnected with the outputs of the first or gate 134 and the second or gate 135, respectively. The output of and gate 136 is connected to trigger control circuit 137.
The first or gate 134 sends an electrical signal to the and gate 136 upon receiving the first-side pulse signal sent by any one of the first discriminator-shaping circuits 131, and the second or gate 135 sends an electrical signal to the and gate 136 upon receiving the second-side pulse signal sent by any one of the second discriminator-shaping circuits 132. The and gate 136 sends a trigger signal to the trigger control circuit 137 when receiving the electrical signals sent by the first or gate 134 and the second or gate 135 at the same time, the trigger control circuit 137 controls the register 140 to read in parallel after receiving the trigger signal, and notifies the single chip microcomputer to start to read out the contents of the register 140 in a bit-by-bit serial manner after the reading is completed.
Thus, the logic judging and selecting circuit 133 can remove the background noise of natural gamma radioactivity through two paths of 'coincidence' technologies, and independently select the penetrating cosmic ray 2, and the circuit is simple in structure and accurate in judgment.
Further, the trigger control circuit 137 includes a read-in control circuit 138 and a shaping circuit 139. The image processing unit 15 further includes a single chip computer 151 and a computer 152.
An input of the read control circuit 138 is connected to an output of the and gate 136. One output terminal of the read control circuit 138 is connected to the parallel read control terminal of the register 140, and the other output terminal of the read control circuit 138 is connected to the input terminal of the shaping circuit 139.
The inverting output terminal of the shaping circuit 139 is connected to the latch input terminal of the read control circuit 138 to control it not to accept input (latch) until the serial read of the register 140 is completed, and the non-inverting output terminal of the shaping circuit 139 is connected to the read control terminal of the one-chip microcomputer 151 to control its serial read. The pulse delay of the read control circuit 138 triggers the shaping circuit 139 to ensure that serial read can only be started after the parallel read of the registers is finished.
The input end of the singlechip 151 is connected to the data reading end of the register 140, and the output end of the singlechip 151 is also connected to the computer 152.
The computer 152 is also connected to the camera 16 and the display screen 17.
The read control circuit 138 is configured to transmit a read control signal to the parallel read control terminal of the register 140 after receiving the trigger signal transmitted by the and gate 136, and transmit a shaping control signal to the shaping circuit 139 when the read control signal is completed. The time widths of the read-in control signal and the shaping control signal are the same. The time width of the read-in control signal is greater than or equal to the time length of the trigger register 140 for completing one parallel read-in square pulse signal. The time width of the parallel read-in control signal and the shaping control input signal is preferably 50 ns.
The parallel read-in control signal is used to control the register 140 to read in the square pulse signal in parallel.
The shaping circuit 139 sends a serial read signal to the one-chip microcomputer 151 upon completion of receiving the shaping control signal, and simultaneously sends a disable signal to the read control circuit 138. The single chip 151 reads the status information from the register 140 bit by bit in series after receiving the serial read signal, identifies the number information of the first counting tube 111 and the second counting tube 121 sending the signals according to the status information, that is, the numbers of the first counting tube 111 and the second counting tube 121 triggered by a cosmic ray 2 can be obtained according to the status information, and then sends the information to the computer 152. The computer 152 is pre-stored with a list of the number of each counting tube and the position information of each counting tube, and the position information corresponding to the number information in advance can be searched in the list according to the number information of the first counting tube 111, and similarly, the position information corresponding to the number information in advance can be searched in the list according to the number information of the second counting tube 121. And finally obtaining the position information of the first counting tube 111 and the second counting tube 121.
The time widths of the inhibit signal and the serial read signal are equal and are both greater than or equal to the time length for triggering the single chip 151 to complete one-time serial reading of the state information in the register 140, the time widths of the inhibit signal and the serial read signal can be 6ms, and the read-in control circuit 138 does not output the forming control signal and the parallel read-in control signal again in the process of receiving the inhibit signal, so that the register 140 can not generate new state information again in the process of completing one-time reading of the state information by the single chip 151.
After receiving the positions of the first counting tube 111 and the second counting tube 121, the computer 152 superimposes a linear cosmic ray track 3 extending from the position of the first counting tube 111 to the position of the second counting tube 121 on an image, and transmits the image to the display screen 17 for display.
Further, referring to FIG. 4, in the present embodiment, the second detection array 12 further includes a plurality of third counting tubes 122 arranged laterally side by side. The number of the third counting tubes 122 is the same as that of the second counting tubes 121. The third counting tubes 122 are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the second counting tubes 121. The third counting tube 122 is also a gamma geiger counting tube. The third counting tube 122 is parallel to the second counting tube 121.
Each third counting tube 122 is at one end of its corresponding second counting tube 121, and each third counting tube 122 is aligned with its corresponding second counting tube 121. The output of each third counting tube 122 is also connected to a second discriminator-shaping circuit 132 connected to the output of its corresponding second counting tube 121.
The electrical signal output by the third counting tube 122 is also used as the electrical signal output by the corresponding second counting tube 121, that is, even if the cosmic ray 2 triggered the third counting tube 122, the cosmic ray 2 triggered the second counting tube 121 corresponding to the third counting tube 122. Thus, the length of the second counting tube 121 is extended by providing the third counting tube 122. The second counting tube 121 is provided and the third counting tube 122 is further provided, so that the detection area of the second detection array 12 can be increased, and if the lengths of the second counting tube 121 and the third counting tube 122 are equal, the detection area of the second detection array 12 is doubled.
For the above various circuits of the present embodiment, the C-MOS logic integrated circuit 74HC123 (bi-monostable), the common-cathode diode, and the 74HC165 (parallel-input serial-output shift register 140) can be specifically used to implement this function, and this circuit has strong noise immunity, low power consumption (less heat generation), high speed, and strong interference immunity, and is convenient for use in various situations. Of course, other specific circuit structures may be adopted to implement this function, and they are not listed here.
To reject noise and interference, the trigger voltages (discrimination thresholds) of the first and second discrimination shaping circuits 131 and 132 need to be higher than 1.5V to further remove the noise signal. In this embodiment, the first discrimination and shaping circuit 131 is triggered only when the amplitude of the pulse signal output by the first counter 111 is greater than 3.5V, and the first discrimination and shaping circuit 131 cannot be triggered only when the amplitude of the pulse signal output by the first counter 111 is less than 1.5V. The second discrimination and shaping circuit 132 is triggered only when the amplitude of the pulse signal output by the second counting tube 121 is above 3.5V, and the second discrimination and shaping circuit 132 cannot be triggered only when the amplitude of the pulse signal output by the second counting tube 121 is below 1.5V. Meanwhile, the output signal is a C-MOS amplitude square pulse with a certain time width, the time width is calculated according to the time characteristics of the counting tubes, the number of the counting tubes in each group, the number of the groups of 'coincidence' and the like, and the principle is that false coincidence caused by irrelevant signals (for example, the time interval of two natural radioactivity gamma in the two counting tubes is smaller than the preset time width) is reduced as much as possible, and the time difference is larger than the signal time difference caused by the fact that a real cosmic ray passes through different parts of the counting tubes, so that the distortion case is not damaged. In the present embodiment, the time width may be set to τ 0.5 μ s to ensure that the cosmic rays 2 that can pass through the first and second counting tubes 111 and 121 can be accurately screened out to exclude the natural radioactive γ -rays.
Although relative terms, such as "upper" and "lower," may be used in this specification to describe one element of an icon relative to another, these terms are used in this specification for convenience only, e.g., in accordance with the orientation of the examples described in the figures. It will be appreciated that if the device of the icon were turned upside down, the element described as "upper" would become the element "lower". When a structure is "on" another structure, it may mean that the structure is integrally located on the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" disposed on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" disposed on the other structure via another structure.
The terms "a," "an," "the," "said," and "at least one" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements/components/parts/etc.; the terms "comprising" and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements/components/etc. other than the listed elements/components/etc.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. A cosmic ray trace detection and display device comprising:
a display screen;
the first detection array comprises a plurality of first counting tubes which are arranged side by side in the transverse direction;
the second detection array is arranged below the first detection array and comprises a plurality of second counting tubes and a plurality of third counting tubes, the second counting tubes are transversely arranged side by side, the third counting tubes are arranged side by side, the first counting tubes, the second counting tubes and the third counting tubes are gamma-type Geiger counting tubes, the second counting tubes are parallel to the first counting tubes, the number of the third counting tubes is the same as that of the second counting tubes, the third counting tubes are parallel to the second counting tubes, the third counting tubes and the second counting tubes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, each third counting tube is arranged at one end of the corresponding second counting tube, and each third counting tube is aligned with the corresponding second counting tube;
the signal processing circuit is connected with the output ends of the first counting tubes, the second counting tubes and the third counting tubes, and is used for recording the signal sending state of each first counting tube and each second counting tube at the moment or the signal sending state of each first counting tube and each third counting tube at the moment and outputting the signal as state information when receiving signals sent by one first counting tube and one second counting tube at the same time or receiving signals sent by one first counting tube and one third counting tube at the same time;
a camera for capturing an image of an area between the first detection array and the second detection array; and
the image processing unit is connected with the signal processing circuit, the display screen and the camera and used for acquiring the positions of the first counting tube and the second counting tube penetrated by cosmic rays or the positions of the first counting tube and the third counting tube penetrated by cosmic rays according to the state information and the transverse position information of each counting tube after receiving the state information, superposing a cosmic ray track extending from the position of the first counting tube to the position of the second counting tube or the third counting tube on the image and sending the image to the display screen for displaying;
wherein, signal processing circuit includes:
the first discrimination forming circuits are connected with the first counting tubes in a one-to-one correspondence mode and used for receiving the signals of which the output amplitude is larger than 3.5 volts of the first counting tubes and converting the signals into first square pulse signals with set time width for output;
the second screening and forming circuits are connected with the second counting tubes and the third counting tubes in a one-to-one corresponding mode, are used for receiving signals with the output amplitude larger than 3.5 volts of the second counting tubes and converting the signals into second square pulse signals with set time width for output, and the output end of each third counting tube is connected with the input end of the second screening and forming circuit connected with the output end of the corresponding second counting tube and is used for prolonging the effective detection length of the second counting tube;
the parallel input end of the register is connected with the output end of each first screening forming circuit and each second screening forming circuit, and the register is used for recording the state information when the read-in control circuit gives out permission to read;
the logic judging and selecting circuit is connected with the output end of each first screening forming circuit and each second screening forming circuit and is used for sending a trigger signal when receiving the first square pulse signal and the second square pulse signal simultaneously;
and the trigger control circuit is connected to the output end of the logic judgment and selection circuit and is used for controlling the register to record by using a signal qualified by logic judgment and selection after receiving the trigger signal and then controlling the image processing unit to read in the state information just recorded in the register.
2. The cosmic ray trajectory detection and display device of claim 1 that is configured to obtain, after receiving said status information, from said status information and from said location information for each counting tube, the locations of the first and second counting tubes traversed by cosmic rays or the locations of the first and third counting tubes traversed by cosmic rays, comprising:
identifying the number information of a first counting tube and a second counting tube which send signals according to the state information; or
Identifying the number information of a first counting tube and a third counting tube of a sending signal according to the state information;
acquiring position information corresponding to the number information in advance according to the number information of the first counting tube;
acquiring position information corresponding to the number information in advance according to the number information of the second counting tube; or
And obtaining the position information corresponding to the number information in advance according to the number information of the third counting tube.
3. The cosmic ray track detection and display device of claim 1 wherein said logical discrimination circuitry comprises:
each input end of the first OR gate is connected with the output end of each first screening shaping circuit;
each input end of the second OR gate is connected with the output end of each second screening and shaping circuit;
and the input end of the AND gate is respectively connected with the output ends of the first OR gate and the second OR gate, and the output end of the AND gate is connected with the trigger control circuit.
4. The cosmic ray trace detection and display device of claim 3 wherein the trigger control circuitry includes read control circuitry having an input coupled to the output of said AND gate and an output coupled to the parallel read control of said register;
the read-in control circuit is used for sending a read-in control signal for controlling the register to read in the square pulse signal in parallel to the read-in control end of the register after receiving the trigger signal sent by the AND gate, and the time width of the read-in control signal is greater than or equal to the time length of the trigger register for completing one parallel read-in of the square pulse signal.
5. The cosmic ray track detection and display device of claim 4 wherein said image processing unit further includes a single chip microcomputer and a computer;
the computer is respectively connected with the display screen, the camera and the singlechip;
the input end of the singlechip is connected with the data serial reading end of the register, and the clock pulse of the singlechip controls the data of the register to be read bit by bit and simultaneously clears each bit read in the register;
the trigger control circuit also comprises a forming circuit, wherein the inverting input end of the forming circuit is connected with the output end of the read-in control circuit, the inverting output end of the forming circuit is connected with the other input control end of the read-in control circuit, and the non-inverting output end of the forming circuit is connected with the read-in control end of the single chip microcomputer;
the read-in control circuit also sends a forming control signal to the forming circuit at the output end after receiving the trigger signal sent by the AND gate; the forming circuit sends a serial reading signal to the single chip after receiving the forming control signal and simultaneously sends a parallel reading signal which is forbidden to be sent again before the reading signal is ended to the reading control circuit; the single chip microcomputer sends clock pulses to read state information from the register in a serial bit-by-bit mode after receiving the serial reading signal, obtains the number information of the positions of the first counting tube and the second counting tube penetrated by cosmic rays or the number information of the positions of the first counting tube and the third counting tube penetrated by the cosmic rays according to the state information and the position information of each counting tube, and then sends the number information to the computer; after receiving the number information, the computer superimposes a cosmic ray track extending from the position of the first counting tube to the position of the second counting tube or the third counting tube on the image according to the number and the position corresponding data of the memory and sends the image to the display screen for display; the read-in control circuit inhibits the shaping control signal and the parallel read-in control signal from being output again during the period of receiving the inhibit signal so as to avoid confusing the read-in of another cosmic ray case which may arrive in the read time.
6. The cosmic ray trace detection and display device of claim 5 wherein the disable signal and read signal have equal time widths and are both greater than or equal to the time duration for the single chip to complete a serial bit-by-bit read of the state information in the registers to ensure a normal read.
7. The cosmic ray track detection and display device of claim 6 wherein the time width of said first square pulse signal and said second square pulse signal is 0.5 μ s, the time width of read in control signal and shaping control signal is 50ns, and the time width of said inhibit signal and said serial read signal is 6 ms.
8. The cosmic ray track detection and display device of claim 1 where the first and second discriminator shaping circuits are both monostable circuits.
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