CN111044753B - Device and method for measuring flow velocity of dust-containing flue gas - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring flow velocity of dust-containing flue gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN111044753B CN111044753B CN201911279044.1A CN201911279044A CN111044753B CN 111044753 B CN111044753 B CN 111044753B CN 201911279044 A CN201911279044 A CN 201911279044A CN 111044753 B CN111044753 B CN 111044753B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/64—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
- G01P3/80—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using auto-correlation or cross-correlation detection means
- G01P3/803—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using auto-correlation or cross-correlation detection means in devices of the type to be classified in G01P3/66
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring airflow speed of dusty flue gas. The measuring device comprises a cavity type speed sensor and a signal processing circuit. The cavity type speed sensor consists of an upstream induction electrode, a downstream induction electrode, an insulating sleeve, a shielding sleeve and a shielding wire; the signal processing circuit consists of a signal conditioning circuit, a signal acquisition and output circuit, a digital signal processing circuit and other peripheral circuits. The method utilizes dust and dust in the flowing process of flue gas, and the dust and the wall surface collide with each other to form charged dust which is captured by an upstream induction electrode and a downstream induction electrode in sequence when passing through a cavity, so that two paths of flowing noise signals which are very similar and have certain delay are generated, the time difference of the two paths of signals is obtained, and the flue gas speed is calculated. Compared with the traditional flue gas velocity measuring method and device, the novel dusty flue gas velocity measuring device has the advantages of simple structure, good real-time performance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, difficulty in blockage and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring the flow speed of dust-containing flue gas, belonging to the field of speed measurement.
Background
Whether unidirectional flow or gas-solid multiphase flow, gas velocity is an important part of flow state parameters, and at present, measurement methods for measuring gas flow velocity are numerous, such as mechanical velocimetry, hot-wire thermomembrane velocimetry, optical methods, acoustic methods, bernoulli velocimetry, and the like. However, these methods have great limitations in speed measurement in the face of high-temperature and dusty conditions of flue gas. The mechanical anemograph and the hot wire hot film anemograph are easy to wear and difficult to use for a long time under the condition that smoke is flushed for a long time; the optical method needs a light source to illuminate a flow field to be measured and has transparency requirement on a measured fluid, and cannot be applied to flue gas velocity measurement; the acoustic method is in an environment facing smoke, the sound wave attenuation is obvious, and the measurement is not mentioned; the Bernoulli speed measurement method generally uses a pitot tube equipped with a differential pressure transmitter to measure in the aspect of flue gas speed measurement, and is also the most main method for measuring the flue gas speed at present, and the flue gas speed is measured by measuring the difference between the total pressure and the static pressure of the flue gas, but under the high-ash environment, the blockage is easy to occur, and the use is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a dust and smoke airflow velocity measuring device and method which are good in real-time performance and not easy to block aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a dusty flue gas flow rate measuring device, comprising: a cavity type speed sensor and a signal processing circuit;
the cavity type speed sensor comprises an upstream induction electrode, a downstream induction electrode, an insulating sleeve, a shielding sleeve and a shielding wire; the upstream induction electrode and the downstream induction electrode are arranged at a certain distance L along the cavity direction; the upstream induction electrode and the downstream induction electrode are isolated from the flue gas by the insulating sleeve; the shielding sleeve transmits two paths of flowing noise signals captured by the upstream induction electrode and the downstream induction electrode to the signal processing circuit, and a shielding net of the shielding wire is grounded;
the signal processing circuit comprises a signal conditioning circuit, a signal acquisition output circuit and a digital signal operation circuit; the signal conditioning circuit is used for impedance matching and signal amplification of the flowing noise signal and sending the flowing noise signal to the signal acquisition output circuit, and the signal acquisition output circuit is used for converting an analog signal output by the signal conditioning circuit into a digital signal and sending the digital signal to the digital signal operation circuit; the digital signal arithmetic circuit calculates the smoke speed signal according to the sampling rate, the distance between the upstream sensing electrode and the downstream sensing electrode and the digital signal output by the signal acquisition and output circuit.
The digital signal operation circuit comprises a filtering unit, a signal preprocessing unit and a speed calculation unit; the filtering unit is used for eliminating power frequency interference, low-frequency interference and high-frequency interference of partial wave bands in the digital signals output by the signal acquisition and output circuit; the signal preprocessing unit is used for comparing effective values of the two paths of filtered signals and adjusting the effective values of the signals to be consistent; the speed calculating unit is used for calculating a smoke speed signal.
The signal processing circuit also comprises an external circuit, and the digital signal operation circuit accesses the calculated smoke velocity signal into the external circuit to realize external display and storage.
A method for measuring the speed of flue gas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting two paths of flow noise signals x '(t) and y' (t) with certain delay generated on an upstream induction electrode and a downstream induction electrode when smoke flows through the upstream induction electrode and the downstream induction electrode;
impedance matching and amplifying are carried out on the flow noise signals x '(t) and y' (t) to obtain two paths of analog signals x (t) and y (t); converting two analog signals x (t) and y (t) into two digital signals x'iAnd y'iI is 0, 1, 2, 3, …, N-1, and N is the collection frequency;
to two-path digital signal x'iAnd y'iFiltering to obtain x ″)iAnd y ″)i；
For x ″)iAndy″iperforming signal preprocessing, and calculating effective values of two paths of signals, namely XrmsAnd YrmsIf X isrms≥YrmsThen xi＝x″i、
Otherwise
yi＝y″iTo obtain a signal xiAnd yi；
Calculating two-path digital signal x by adopting cross-correlation algorithmiAnd yiCross correlation function R ofxy(k) The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, N is the collection frequency.
Rxy(k) K corresponding to the maximum value of0Then represents two paths of digital signals xiAnd yiThe corresponding delay point number, the smoke speed is expressed as:
where Δ t denotes the interval time of sampling, k0For two-path digital signal xiAnd yiCorresponding number of delay points.
Flue gas velocity VcPerforming median filtering to obtain V at the first 5 timesci-5、Vci-4、Vci-3、Vci-2、Vci-1Sorting from small to large, and taking the intermediate value as V at the current momentci。
Has the advantages that:
1) the device and the method for measuring the flow velocity of the dusty flue gas can display the calculation result in real time without waiting.
2) Compared with other measuring equipment, such as a hot-wire anemometer, a mechanical anemometer and the like, the device and the method for measuring the flow rate of the dust-containing flue gas are difficult to apply to flue gas measurement.
3) Compared with a pitot tube speed measurement method, the dust-containing flue gas flow speed measurement device and method provided by the invention have the advantages that by means of extremely high acquisition frequency and good data processing, under the condition of ensuring sensitive response, the environmental and man-made errors are reduced as much as possible, no blockage occurs, and a back flushing device is not needed.
The invention can measure the flue gas speed by using the method of the electrostatic induction and the cross-correlation principle, and avoids the limitation of the measuring equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flue gas velocity measuring device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the flue gas velocity calculation;
FIG. 3 is a graph of a flow noise signal and cross-correlation function;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation curves of the flue gas standard velocity (Pitot tube) and the flue gas velocity (of the invention) at a certain measuring point for 2 min;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the flue gas amount at the B side of the SCR system of a certain power plant and the flue gas speed change of the device in one day.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a dust-laden flue gas flow velocity measuring device, comprising: a cavity type speed sensor and a signal processing circuit. The cavity type speed sensor consists of an upstream induction electrode, a downstream induction electrode, an insulating sleeve, a shielding sleeve and a shielding wire; the signal processing circuit consists of a signal conditioning circuit, a signal acquisition and output circuit, a digital signal processing circuit and other peripheral circuits. The device utilizes dust and dust in the flue gas flow process, and the dust collides with the wall each other, forms electrified dust, is caught by upper and lower downstream sensing electrode in proper order when passing through the cavity, produces two tunnel very similar and have certain delayed flowing noise signal, sends into signal processing circuit, obtains the flue gas speed through the operation.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the cavity type velocity sensor of the flue gas velocity measuring apparatus of the present invention includes an upstream sensing electrode 1, a downstream sensing electrode 2, an insulating sleeve 3, a shielding sleeve 4, and a shielding wire 5. The upstream induction electrode 1 and the downstream induction electrode 2 are arranged at a certain distance L along the cavity direction; the upstream induction electrode 1 and the downstream induction electrode 2 are isolated from the flue gas by the insulating sleeve 3; the shielding sleeve 4 shields the upstream induction electrode 1 and the downstream induction electrode 2 from the outside and is grounded; the shielding wire 5 sends the two paths of flowing noise signals captured by the upstream induction electrode 1 and the downstream induction electrode 2 to the signal processing circuit, and the shielding net of the shielding wire is grounded.
The signal processing circuit comprises a signal conditioning circuit 6, a signal acquisition output circuit 7, a digital signal operation circuit 8 and an external circuit 9. The signal conditioning circuit 6 is responsible for completing impedance matching and signal amplification of the flowing noise signal, and sending the flowing noise signal to the signal acquisition output circuit 7, and the signal acquisition output circuit 7 converts an analog signal into a digital signal and sends the digital signal to the digital signal operation circuit 8. The digital signal arithmetic circuit 8 includes the following functions in order: 1, filtering function: eliminating power frequency interference, low-frequency interference and high-frequency interference of partial wave bands; 2 signal preprocessing function: adjusting the effective values of the signals to be consistent; 3 speed calculation function: and calculating and outputting a flue gas velocity signal by combining the sampling rate and the distance between the upstream induction electrode and the downstream induction electrode. Then the flue gas velocity signal is connected into the external circuit 9 to realize external display and storage.
The principle of velocity measurement is shown in fig. 2, two identical sensing electrodes are arranged along the flow direction, and the distance between the upper sensing electrode and the lower sensing electrode is L. When the measured fluid flows in the pipeline, the upper sensing electrode and the lower sensing electrode capture random noise signals x '(t) and y' (t) generated by the fluid flow, when the distance L between the upper sensing electrode and the lower sensing electrode is small enough, the random noise signals x '(t) and y' (t) are basically the same, only the random noise signal y '(t) captured by the downstream sensor has a certain delay compared with the random noise signal x' (t) captured by the upstream sensor, as shown in FIG. 3, the number of delay points is determined through cross-correlation calculation, and the sampling frequency interval is combined, so that the correlation speed is obtained.
The invention relates to a flue gas velocity measuring method, which comprises the following specific processes:
the method comprises the following steps that dust and dust collide with each other in the flowing process of flue gas to form charged dust, the charged dust is captured by an upstream induction electrode (1) and a downstream induction electrode (2) in sequence when passing through a cavity, and two paths of flowing noise signals x '(t) and y' (t) which are very similar and have certain delay are generated;
the flowing noise signals x '(t) and y' (t) are accessed into an analog signal conditioning circuit to complete impedance matching and amplification of the signals to obtain two paths of analog signals x (t) and y (t);
two-way analog signalSignals x (t) and y (t) are accessed into a signal acquisition output circuit and are converted into two paths of digital signals x'iAnd y'i(i ═ 0, 1, 2, 3, …, N-1), with N being the acquisition frequency;
two-path digital signal x'iAnd y'i(i is 0, 1, 2, 3, …, N-1) is connected into a digital signal arithmetic circuit, power frequency interference, low frequency interference below 10Hz and high frequency interference above 1000Hz are removed after the filtering function, and the signals are converted into x ″)iAnd y ″)i(i＝0，1，2，3，…，N-1)；
For x ″)iAnd y ″)i(i is 0, 1, 2, 3, …, N-1) to perform signal preprocessing, and calculate effective values of the two signals, the calculation formula is as follows:
obtaining XrmsAnd YrmsIf X isrms≥YrmsThen xi＝x″i、
Otherwise
yi＝y″i(i-0, 1, 2, 3, …, N-1) to obtain the signal xiAnd yi；
Calculating two-path digital signal x by adopting cross-correlation algorithmiAnd yiCross correlation function R ofxy(k) The calculation formula is as follows:
Rxy(k) k corresponding to the maximum value of0Then represents two paths of digital signals xiAnd yiThe corresponding delay point number, the smoke speed can be expressed as:
where Δ t denotes the interval time of sampling, k0For two-path digital signal xiAnd yiCorresponding number of delay points.
Flue gas velocity VcPerforming median filtering to obtain V at the first 5 timesci-5、Vci-4、Vci-3、Vci-2、Vci-1Sorting from small to large, and taking the intermediate value as V at the current momentciAnd abnormal fluctuation points are eliminated, and the flue gas velocity signal is accessed to other peripheral circuits to realize external display and storage.
The invention is applied to the flue gas measurement of an SCR system of a certain power plant, and FIG. 4 is a change curve of flue gas standard state speed and flue gas speed under synchronous measurement, which are calculated by data obtained by a pitot tube, a pressure transmitter and a thermocouple at a measuring point for 2 min; FIG. 5 is a graph showing the variation of flue gas velocity between the flue gas volume at the B side of the SCR system of a certain power plant and the flue gas velocity of the device in one day, which shows that the device is sensitive to the variation of flue gas velocity.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring the speed of flue gas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting two paths of delayed flow noise signals x '(t) and y' (t) generated on an upstream induction electrode (1) and a downstream induction electrode (2) when smoke flows through the upstream induction electrode (1) and the downstream induction electrode (2);
calculating the flue gas velocity according to the two flow noise signals x '(t) and y' (t);
according to the two paths of flow noise signals x '(t) and y' (t), the step of calculating the flue gas velocity is as follows:
impedance matching and amplification are carried out on the flow noise signals x '(t) and y' (t) to obtain two-path simulationSignals x (t) and y (t); converting two analog signals x (t) and y (t) into two digital signals x'iAnd y'iI is 0, 1, 2, 3, …, N-1, and N is the collection frequency;
to two-path digital signal x'iAnd y'iFiltering to obtain x ″)iAnd y ″)i，
For x ″)iAnd y ″)iPerforming signal preprocessing, and calculating effective values of two paths of signals, namely XrmsAnd YrmsIf X isrms≥YrmsThen xi＝x″i、
Otherwise
yi＝y″iTo obtain a signal xiAnd yi；
Calculating two-path digital signal x by adopting cross-correlation algorithmiAnd yiCross correlation function R ofxy(k) The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein k is 0, 1, 2, 3, …, N-1;
Rxy(k) k corresponding to the maximum value of0Then represents two paths of digital signals xiAnd yiThe corresponding delay point number, the smoke speed is expressed as:
where Δ t denotes the interval time of sampling, k0For two-path digital signal xiAnd yiCorresponding delay point number;
flue gas velocity VcPerforming median filtering, and taking the previous stepV at time 5ci-5、Vci-4、Vci-3、Vci-2、Vci-1Sorting from small to large, and taking the intermediate value as V at the current momentci。
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