CN111044569A - Tunnel concrete structure defect detection method - Google Patents
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- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel concrete structure defect detection method, which relates to the technical field of tunnel concrete structure detection and comprises the following steps of (1) determining and dividing a detection area; (2) determining the position of the structural defect of the surface of the detection area by adopting an infrared thermal imaging technology; (3) determining the position of a structural defect of a shallow layer by adopting an ultrasonic surface wave technology on the shallow layer of the detection area; (4) defining a key detection area according to the positions of the structural defects in the steps (2) and (3); (5) detecting the heavy-spot detection area by adopting an ultrasonic tomography technology to obtain detection data; (6) and (3) performing inversion on the detection data obtained in the step (5) by using an algorithm to obtain the structural condition of the detection area, and by using the detection method disclosed by the invention, the efficiency and the precision of detecting the defects of the tunnel concrete structure are greatly improved, the operation and maintenance cost of the tunnel is saved, and the safety of the tunnel is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel concrete structure detection, in particular to a tunnel concrete structure defect detection method.
Background
With the continuous and stable forward development of economy in China, the national strength of infrastructure construction is gradually strengthened, and high-speed (passenger special lines)/heavy haul railways and highways become the main direction of public transportation development. The grade, scale and number of newly-built railways and highway tunnels are gradually increased year by year, so that the requirements of matched detection, maintenance and the like are rapidly increased.
The tunnel engineering is a difficult engineering with strong concealment, and a series of challenges of complex geological conditions, harsh construction environment and the like can be met in the tunnel construction process. On one hand, if the construction process is not standard enough and the working procedures are not strict enough, infirmity and even cavities are easily formed between the concrete lining and the surrounding rock. On the other hand, because concrete is a composite material, the internal structure is very complex, various components are randomly interwoven together, the heterogeneity is very strong, after the tunnel is built, along with the increase of operation time and use strength, the concrete member is aged and damaged to a certain extent and is difficult to avoid, and in addition, the characteristics of the concrete material and the field pouring construction are adopted, the quality control is difficult, the micro defects of honeycombs, pitted surfaces, holes, segregation and the like are frequently generated, and the micro defects also can generate the problems of void, delamination, leakage, structural deformation and the like due to the phenomena of freeze-thaw cycle, salt corrosion, steel bar structure expansion caused by heat and contraction caused by cold and the like. Once the tunnel concrete structure is damaged and leaked, the tunnel engineering structure, the accessory equipment of the tunnel engineering structure and the running train are seriously damaged, and even the driving safety is endangered. For example, if the inside of the tunnel is hollowed or delaminated, the stability of the tunnel itself is damaged, if the inside of the tunnel is light, the tunnel body falls off, and if the inside of the tunnel falls on the track, the track and the train are damaged, and if the inside of the tunnel falls off, the tunnel collapses; the water leakage of the tunnel in the low-temperature area can freeze, and the damage caused by the ice blocks falling to the train running at high speed is also serious. Therefore, it becomes more important to detect and evaluate the tunnel concrete structure rapidly and accurately, and each link from the tunnel engineering construction to the operation and maintenance puts higher demands on the tunnel concrete detection technology.
At present, the popularization and application degree of domestic nondestructive testing technology in tunnel concrete structure detection is relatively low, the nondestructive testing technology applied by most construction units, no matter the technology type or software and hardware equipment, has a significant gap with the international advanced level, and several common nondestructive testing methods comprise: springback, vertical reflection, ground penetrating radar, and ultrasound.
The rebound method is that a certain number of measuring points are uniformly distributed on the side surface or the top and bottom surface of the concrete, a rebound value of the concrete is measured by using a rebound meter, and the current state and the strength of the concrete are obtained through conversion according to a known test strength curve and the statistical correlation existing between the compressive strength of the concrete and the rebound value of the surface of the concrete so as to detect the quality and the compressive strength of the concrete. The method has the advantages of simple instrument structure and higher detection flexibility. However, only the concrete surface within the range of 10cm to 15cm is reflected, and only the surface detection is possible.
The vertical reflection method is a reflection method with a tiny offset, and the working principle of the method is that a transmitting probe transmits a sound wave pulse to a concrete block, and when wave impedance is obviously different in the wave propagation process, such as separation, delamination and the like, reflected waves are generated and return to the surface of the concrete to be received by a receiving sensor. The defects in the concrete can be judged by analyzing the amplitude, the phase and the like of the recorded elastic wave signals. The method has simple and convenient data analysis and wide application in foundation pile detection, but has the defects that a reflection seismic source and a receiving detector have short aftervibration characteristics and the contradiction between high frequency and high power needs to be solved.
The ground penetrating radar technology utilizes high-frequency electromagnetic waves in a broadband short pulse mode, the high-frequency electromagnetic waves are sent from the ground through a transmitting antenna in a directional mode, return to the ground after being reflected by a medium with electrical property difference and are received by a receiving antenna, and when the electromagnetic waves are transmitted in the medium, the path, the intensity and the waveform of the electromagnetic field of the electromagnetic waves change along with the electrical property and the state of the passing concrete. When the transmitting and receiving antennas move synchronously along the survey line at a fixed distance, a radar image reflecting the medium below the survey line can be obtained. When tunnel lining detection is carried out, the medium is concrete, and when the uniformity of the concrete is poor (such as delaminating and cavities), the difference between the electrical property of the part of area and the electrical property of the surrounding concrete is increased, and reflected waves are enhanced; when it is complete and compact, the concrete properties are relatively uniform and the reflected waves are very weak. The method can directly analyze the distribution and the form of the defects in the concrete according to the waveform record, and has visibility; the antennas with different frequencies can be selected according to the requirements of detection depth and resolution.
The ultrasonic method is that a certain number of measuring points are arranged on the surface of the structure or in a drill hole, the wave velocity in the concrete structure is measured by using low-frequency ultrasonic waves, and the measured wave velocity is compared with the wave velocity in a standard state so as to obtain the quality and the strength of the concrete. The method can be used for contralateral measurement on the surface of the structure and two opposite side surfaces, and can also be used for single-hole or cross-hole measurement on a drilled hole. The method has the advantages that the acoustic pulse penetrates through the whole thickness of the concrete or deeper internal concrete, and the test result can better reflect the quality of the tested structure; the test work has better flexibility, and the repeated test can be carried out on the same part for many times.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to greatly improve the efficiency and the precision of the defect detection of the tunnel concrete structure so as to save the operation and maintenance cost of the tunnel and improve the safety of the tunnel.
The invention provides a method for detecting defects of a tunnel concrete structure, which comprises the following steps,
(1) determining and dividing a detection area;
(2) determining the position of the structural defect of the surface of the detection area by adopting an infrared thermal imaging technology;
(3) determining the position of a structural defect of a shallow layer by adopting an ultrasonic surface wave technology on the shallow layer of the detection area; the shallow layer area is 0-20cm inward of the surface;
(4) defining a key detection area according to the positions of the structural defects in the steps (2) and (3);
(5) detecting the heavy-spot detection area by adopting an ultrasonic tomography technology to obtain detection data; the detection may be a plurality of iterations;
(6) and (5) performing inversion on the detection data obtained in the step (5) by using an algorithm to obtain the structure condition of the detection area.
Furthermore, the method also comprises the step of determining other important detection areas by adopting the ground penetrating radar technology for the non-important areas in the steps (2) and (3).
Wherein, the method for determining other key detection areas by adopting the ground penetrating radar technology comprises the following steps,
carrying out safety inspection and grid division on the non-key area, correcting the detection direction and determining all scanning point positions;
scanning each point in sequence until all the point positions in the non-key area are scanned;
and carrying out data processing on the scanning data obtained by scanning to obtain a section image.
Further, the method of data processing includes sequentially fast fourier transforming the scan data, computing a momentum-space wavefield in the frequency domain, computing a wavefield in the frequency domain, performing an inverse fourier transform, computing a space-frequency domain wavefield, and summing all frequencies within the signal bandwidth.
Furthermore, in order to more intuitively show the shape of the structural defect position, the method also comprises the step of establishing a 3D model of the structural defect position according to the structural condition in the step (6).
Further, the step of locating structural defects on the surface using infrared thermal imaging techniques includes,
(21) preparing a detection area;
(22) scanning the detection area;
(23) acquiring an infrared image;
(24) and determining the position of the structural defect on the surface of the detection area according to the infrared image.
Wherein the step of preparing the detection region includes,
(211) carrying out safety inspection on the detection area;
(212) dividing the detection area into blocks;
(213) the scanning orientation is corrected.
Furthermore, the method for determining the position of the structural defect of the shallow layer by adopting the ultrasonic surface wave technology comprises the following steps,
(31) performing area grid division and safety inspection in a detection area according to the requirement of detection horizontal resolution, and determining all scanning point positions;
(32) scanning on each point in sequence, and repeating the process until all the points are scanned completely to obtain scanning data;
(33) carrying out data processing on the scanning data to obtain the superficial layer transverse wave velocity; the data processing comprises coherence analysis, phase extraction and average surface wave velocity, shallow surface layer transverse wave velocity calculation is carried out according to the data processing result, and whether a defect exists below the region or not is judged;
(34) and determining the structural defect position of the shallow layer according to the corresponding relation between the transverse wave speed of the shallow layer and the hardness of the medium.
Further, the method for detecting using the ultrasonic tomography includes,
(51) according to the requirement of the detection horizontal resolution, carrying out grid division in a key detection area, and determining all scanning point positions;
(52) scanning on each point in sequence until all the point positions in the key detection area are scanned completely;
(53) storing scanning data obtained by scanning;
(54) and carrying out data processing on the scanning data to obtain detection data.
The data processing method comprises the steps of performing instantaneous amplitude extraction, scattering angle attenuation control and time gain compensation on scanning data so as to improve focusing capacity and imaging resolution.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: an infrared thermal imaging technology, an ultrasonic surface wave technology, an ultrasonic tomography technology and a ground penetrating radar technology are organically combined to construct a brand-new composite nondestructive testing system. And aiming at the tunnel concrete detection requirement, each technology is respectively subjected to adaptive improvement. And carrying out layering processing on different areas according to advanced engineering detection logic, adopting different detection means according to different layers, and primarily screening through a quick detection means to find key problem areas. And (4) carrying out detailed screening on the key area by adopting an ultrasonic tomography technology with higher precision and stronger anti-interference capability, and finally positioning the accurate position and boundary of the structural defect.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the detection method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of infrared thermal imaging technique;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of ultrasonic surface wave technique detection;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an ultrasound tomography detection;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the ground penetrating radar detection.
Detailed Description
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
The invention provides a tunnel concrete structure defect detection method which can be used for guiding engineering detection with high precision requirements. Compared with the traditional single detection method, the method overcomes the limitation of each single detection method, and solves the problems of over-small application range, weak anti-interference capability and insufficient precision of the single detection method; in addition, the method has the advantages of no damage, no pollution, high efficiency and safety, as shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps,
(1) determining and dividing a detection area, wherein the detection is divided into superficial layer detection of surface detection;
(2) carrying out preliminary screening on the surface of the detection area by adopting an infrared thermal imaging technology, and determining the position of the structural defect of the surface of the area to be detected;
(3) carrying out primary screening on a shallow layer (0-20 cm) of a detection area by adopting an ultrasonic surface wave technology, and determining the position of a shallow structure defect of the detection area;
(4) defining a key detection area according to the positions of the structural defects in the steps (2) and (3);
(5) repeatedly detecting the heavy-spot detection area for multiple times by adopting an ultrasonic tomography technology to obtain detection data; the detection may be a plurality of iterations;
(6) and (5) performing inversion on the detection data obtained in the step (5) by using an algorithm to obtain the structure condition of the detection area.
And (3) detecting the non-key areas in the steps (2) and (3) by adopting a ground penetrating radar technology, and determining other key detection areas according to the detection result.
The basic principle of detecting the object defects by the infrared thermal imaging technology in the step (2) is that the influence of the local defects of the detected object on the thermal conductivity is utilized to cause the surface temperature of the object to generate local difference, so that the local change of the infrared radiation capability of the surface of the object is caused, and the defect detection is realized by analyzing an infrared thermal image. The detection mode is divided into two types: passive and active; the passive infrared detection is to perform infrared detection in the heat exchange process between the target to be detected and the environment only by using the difference between the target temperature and the environment temperature as a condition without heating the target to be detected. Because the mode does not need additional heat source, the field implementation is simple and easy, and the application is wider. Active detection is that the heat flow generated by an energy source is applied to a test piece in a transmission or reflection mode, and the delamination and defects in the material affect the movement of the heat flow. The high-precision thermal infrared imager can capture the uneven condition of the temperature field on the surface of the object.
Infrared thermography is a technology for converting invisible infrared radiation into visible images, and an infrared device developed by using the technology is called a thermal imaging device or a thermal imager. A thermal imager is an infrared system for two-dimensional planar thermal imaging, which collects infrared radiation energy on an infrared detector, converts the infrared radiation energy into an electronic video signal, and forms an infrared thermal image of a target to be measured through electronic processing, wherein the image is displayed by a display. Unlike thermal imaging with visible light, it uses the difference in thermal contrast between the target and the surrounding environment due to the difference in temperature and emissivity to display the infrared radiation energy density distribution map as a "thermography".
As shown in fig. 2, the specific steps of determining the location of structural defects on a surface using infrared thermal imaging techniques include,
(21) preparing a detection area, including carrying out safety inspection on the detection area, carrying out block division on the detection area and correcting a scanning direction;
(22) scanning the detection area;
(23) acquiring an infrared image;
(24) and determining the position of the structural defect on the surface of the detection area according to the infrared image.
And (3) rapidly identifying the defects on the surface of the tunnel by utilizing an ultrasonic surface wave detection technology, wherein the basic working principle is to observe the elasticity of the shallow surface and deduce a dynamic modulus calculation formula of the shallow surface through elastic dynamics and surface spectrum analysis theories. The change in phase velocity is an indication of the change in material properties (modulus of elasticity) with depth. Once the surface wave velocity is determined, it can be correlated well with the compressional and shear wave velocities and thus with the young's and shear moduli. The surface wave velocity is significantly reduced as it passes through delamination or defect areas on the surface of the measured object. Therefore, the defects of the shallow surface layer of the tunnel can be identified through the change of the elastic modulus along with the depth, and the key detection area is divided according to the detection result of the shallow surface layer.
The ultrasonic surface wave detection technology is realized by a seismic source device and a receiving device; the method comprises three stages of data acquisition, data processing and shallow surface shear wave velocity calculation: before starting data acquisition, firstly determining a detection area, carrying out area grid division on a surface to be detected according to the requirement of detection horizontal resolution, and determining all scanning point positions; scanning on each point in sequence, and repeating the process until all the point positions are scanned; the data processing comprises signal coherence analysis, phase extraction and average surface wave velocity calculation; and calculating the transverse wave velocity of the shallow surface layer according to the data processing result, and judging whether the shallow surface layer below the test area has defects or not. The method extracts the surface wave phase velocity through phase analysis, estimates the average transverse wave velocity of the shallow surface layer of the concrete medium according to the surface wave phase velocity, and detects and identifies the defect area of the shallow surface layer of the concrete based on the corresponding relation between the transverse wave velocity and the hardness of the medium.
As shown in fig. 3, the method for determining the position of the structural defect of the shallow layer by using the ultrasonic surface wave technology includes (31) performing area meshing and safety inspection in a detection area according to the requirement of horizontal resolution detection, and determining all scanning point positions;
(32) scanning on each point in sequence, and repeating the process until all the points are scanned completely to obtain scanning data;
(33) carrying out data processing on the scanning data to obtain the superficial layer transverse wave velocity; the data processing comprises coherence analysis, phase extraction and average surface wave velocity, shallow surface layer transverse wave velocity calculation is carried out according to the data processing result, and whether a defect exists below the region or not is judged;
(34) and determining the structural defect position of the shallow layer according to the corresponding relation between the transverse wave speed of the shallow layer and the hardness of the medium.
The ultrasonic tomography technology in the step (5) adopts high-frequency (more than 20,000Hz) sound waves, and obtains the material property and the internal structure information of the medium by analyzing the propagation characteristics of the ultrasonic waves in the medium. The basic working principle is that an ultrasonic pulse is generated by a transducer and transmitted into a medium in a certain coupling mode, if an obvious acoustic impedance change area exists in the medium, the ultrasonic wave can be reflected on an interface, a receiver positioned on the surface of the medium can receive a reflected echo signal, and structural information in the medium on an ultrasonic propagation path can be obtained by analyzing the reflected echo signal.
The ultrasonic tomography detection method is realized through a seismic source device and a receiving device, a detection area needs to be determined before data acquisition is started, grid division is carried out on a surface to be detected according to the detection horizontal resolution requirement, and all scanning point positions are determined; then moving from left to right grid by grid along a first horizontal grid line, scanning on each point in sequence, and repeating the process until all the point positions in the area are scanned completely; and then data acquisition, data processing and focused imaging are carried out. The invention adds corresponding signal optimization modules of instantaneous amplitude extraction, scattering angle attenuation control, time gain compensation and the like, can obviously improve focusing capacity and improve imaging resolution.
As shown in fig. 4, the method for detecting by using the ultrasonic tomography technology includes (51) performing security inspection, meshing and azimuth correction in a key detection area according to the detection horizontal resolution requirement, and determining all scanning point locations;
(52) starting an instrument to scan on each point in sequence until all the point positions in the key detection area are scanned completely;
(53) storing scanning data obtained by scanning;
(54) and performing data processing on the scanning data to obtain detection data, wherein the data processing method comprises the steps of performing instantaneous amplitude extraction, scattering angle attenuation control and time gain compensation on the scanning data to improve focusing capacity and imaging resolution.
The ground penetrating radar technology transmits high-frequency electromagnetic wave pulses (10 MHz-2500 MHz) to an underground medium, and the high-frequency electromagnetic wave pulses are reflected by a receiving antenna when encountering a poor geologic body or interface surfaces of different media and then are received by the receiving antenna. According to the information of the received and reflected electromagnetic wave double-travel time, amplitude, phase position and the like, a radar section view of the underground target body can be obtained, and description is made.
The ground penetrating radar technology detects the tunnel based on the electromagnetic wave theory, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, accuracy, nondestructive detection and easy operation. The larger the difference in physical properties between the two media, the easier the interface is to distinguish. During tunnel detection, the ground penetrating radar can reflect the supporting methods of different tunnel sections and defects of tunnel lining, such as cracks, cavities and the like, and can provide visual characteristic diagrams. Most voids and delamination in concrete panels can generally be found. If the crack is not sufficiently reflective of the electromagnetic waves, the crack may not be detected well by the ground penetrating radar. The depth and thickness of the detected defects are not very accurate; but may improve the identified defect depth by determining a more accurate dielectric constant prior to testing.
As shown in fig. 5, other methods for determining the emphasized detection region using the ground penetrating radar technology include,
carrying out safety inspection and grid division on the non-key area, correcting the detection direction and determining all scanning point positions;
scanning each point in sequence until all the point positions in the non-key area are scanned;
and carrying out data processing on the scanning data obtained by scanning to obtain the sectional imaging, wherein the data processing method comprises the steps of carrying out fast Fourier transform on the scanning data, calculating a momentum space wave field in a frequency domain, calculating a wave field in the frequency domain, carrying out inverse Fourier transform, calculating a space-frequency domain wave field and summing all frequencies in a signal bandwidth in sequence.
In order to more intuitively display the shape of the defect position of the structure, the invention also establishes a 3D model capable of reflecting the defect position of the concrete structure on site according to the structure condition in the step (6).
The invention organically combines the four nondestructive testing technologies, complements the advantages and fully exerts the respective advantages of the four technologies to form a complete and efficient nondestructive testing system for the defects of the tunnel concrete structure, which can meet the high-precision requirement. The method comprises the steps of firstly, rapidly screening the defects of the shallow surface layer of the concrete structure by using a detection method combining an infrared thermal imaging technology and an ultrasonic surface wave technology, acquiring preliminary structure information, determining the defects of the shallow surface layer of the concrete structure such as damage and cracks, and defining a key detection area; detecting the deep structure of the non-key detection area by adopting a ground penetrating radar technology, acquiring the information overview of the deep structure, accurately positioning the structural defects of concrete such as internal void, delamination, leakage and the like, and further supplementing the key detection area; and finally, carrying out detailed detection on the key detection area by adopting an ultrasonic tomography method with higher precision and stronger anti-interference capability so as to obtain complete and accurate concrete structure information and position and boundary of the structural defect. The detection precision and the detection efficiency are improved, the time and the economic cost of operation and maintenance are saved, and the safety of tunnel operation is improved.
While the foregoing description shows and describes a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to exclude other embodiments and may be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and may be modified within the scope of the inventive concept described herein by the above teachings or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A tunnel concrete structure defect detection method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
(1) determining and dividing a detection area;
(2) determining the position of the structural defect of the surface of the detection area by adopting an infrared thermal imaging technology;
(3) determining the position of a structural defect of a shallow layer by adopting an ultrasonic surface wave technology on the shallow layer of the detection area;
(4) defining a key detection area according to the positions of the structural defects in the steps (2) and (3);
(5) detecting the heavy-spot detection area by adopting an ultrasonic tomography technology to obtain detection data;
(6) and (5) performing inversion on the detection data obtained in the step (5) by using an algorithm to obtain the structure condition of the detection area.
2. The method for detecting defects of a tunnel concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) determining other important detection areas by adopting the ground penetrating radar technology for the non-important areas in the steps (2) and (3).
3. The method for detecting defects of a tunnel concrete structure according to claim 2, wherein: other methods of determining areas of emphasis using ground penetrating radar technology include,
carrying out safety inspection and grid division on the non-key area, correcting the detection direction and determining all scanning point positions;
scanning each point in sequence until all the point positions in the non-key area are scanned;
and carrying out data processing on the scanning data obtained by scanning to obtain a section image.
4. The method for detecting defects of a tunnel concrete structure according to claim 3, wherein: the data processing method comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out fast Fourier transform on the scanning data, calculating a momentum space wave field in a frequency domain, calculating a wave field in the frequency domain, carrying out inverse Fourier transform, calculating a space-frequency domain wave field and summing all frequencies in a signal bandwidth.
5. The method for detecting defects of a tunnel concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) establishing a 3D model of the position of the structural defect according to the structural condition in the step (6).
6. The method for detecting defects of a tunnel concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein: the step of determining the location of structural defects of the surface using infrared thermal imaging techniques comprises,
(21) preparing a detection area;
(22) scanning the detection area;
(23) acquiring an infrared image;
(24) and determining the position of the structural defect on the surface of the detection area according to the infrared image.
7. The method for detecting defects of a tunnel concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein: the step of preparing the detection area may include,
(211) carrying out safety inspection on the detection area;
(212) dividing the detection area into blocks;
(213) the scanning orientation is corrected.
8. The method for detecting defects of a tunnel concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein: the method for determining the position of the structural defect of the shallow layer by adopting the ultrasonic surface wave technology comprises the following steps,
(31) carrying out area meshing and safety inspection on the detection area, and determining all scanning point positions;
(32) scanning on each point in sequence, and repeating the process until all the points are scanned completely to obtain scanning data;
(33) carrying out data processing on the scanning data to obtain the superficial layer transverse wave velocity;
(34) and determining the structural defect position of the shallow layer according to the corresponding relation between the transverse wave speed of the shallow layer and the hardness of the medium.
9. The method for detecting defects of a tunnel concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein: the detection method by adopting the ultrasonic tomography technology comprises the following steps,
(51) according to the requirement of the detection horizontal resolution, carrying out grid division in a key detection area, and determining all scanning point positions;
(52) scanning on each point in sequence until all the point positions in the key detection area are scanned completely;
(53) storing scanning data obtained by scanning;
(54) and carrying out data processing on the scanning data to obtain detection data.
10. The method for detecting defects of a tunnel concrete structure according to claim 9, wherein: the data processing method comprises instantaneous amplitude extraction, scattering angle attenuation control and time gain compensation of scanning data.
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