CN111044312A - Full-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device and sampling and transferring method thereof - Google Patents
Full-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device and sampling and transferring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111044312A CN111044312A CN202010057251.9A CN202010057251A CN111044312A CN 111044312 A CN111044312 A CN 111044312A CN 202010057251 A CN202010057251 A CN 202010057251A CN 111044312 A CN111044312 A CN 111044312A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K99/00—Methods or apparatus for fishing not provided for in groups A01K69/00 - A01K97/00
Abstract
The invention discloses a pressure-maintaining sampling device for macro organisms in full-sea depth and a sampling and transferring method thereof, wherein the device comprises a sampling device, a pressure-maintaining device and an inlet sealing device, the pressure-maintaining device comprises a pressure-maintaining cylinder, a bait cylinder and a pressure compensation device, the pressure-maintaining cylinder is of a cylindrical structure with an opening at the upper end, the pressure compensation device is communicated with a pressure compensation port on the pressure-maintaining cylinder and can compensate the pressure in the pressure-maintaining cylinder, and the bait cylinder is connected with a bait inlet on the pressure-maintaining cylinder; an upper end cover and a lower end face are fixedly arranged at two ends of the sampling cylinder, the sampling rod is fixed on the upper end cover, a sealing ring is arranged between the upper end cover and the pressure maintaining cylinder, a through hole is formed in the lower end cover, and a sealing ring is arranged between the lower end cover and the pressure maintaining cylinder. The whole-sea deep macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device can realize trapping and low-temperature pressure-maintaining culture of whole-sea deep macrobiology, and can effectively ensure the in-situ vital characteristics of the whole-sea deep macrobiology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of deep-sea organism sampling, and particularly relates to a full-sea deep-macroorganism pressure-maintaining sampling device and a sampling and transferring method thereof.
Background
The ditch region with the depth of 6000 m to 11000 m has unique deep-Yuan environment and a life process, and gradually becomes the latest frontier of the deep sea research field, and the deep sea not only contains abundant mineral resources, but also breeds a variety of unknown biological resources. The exploration of deep-sea biological resources is an important link for revealing human life secret and gene origin, and can greatly promote the development of life science. Due to the special high-pressure environment condition of the seabed, the fluctuation of the external environment pressure of the macroorganisms in the deep sea macro organism sampling process must be reduced as much as possible, and the influence of the external pressure change on the vital signs of the macroorganisms is avoided. However, the research and development of the deep sea organism sampling tool at present mostly focuses on deep sea trawling, grab buckets, trap type large organism samplers, pump-suction type organism samplers and the like, and the problem that the deep sea macro organisms cannot be captured to keep the in-situ pressure of the deep sea exists at present, so that the collected organisms are killed in the process of returning from the seabed to a surface mother ship, which is very unfavorable for researching the species characteristics of the deep sea organisms. Therefore, a whole-sea deep-macrobiosis pressure-maintaining sampling device which is simple in structure, convenient to operate and reliable is urgently needed to be developed, so that a high-quality seabed pressure-maintaining sample is provided for scientific researches such as deep-sea macrobiosis community life evolution and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the pressure-maintaining sampling device for the whole-sea deep macroorganisms and the sampling and transferring method thereof, wherein the pressure-maintaining sampling device is simple and compact in structure, small in overall dimension, light in weight, convenient to operate and reliable.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a pressure-maintaining sampling device for macro organisms in full sea depth comprises a sampling device, a pressure-maintaining device and an inlet sealing device, wherein the pressure-maintaining device comprises a pressure-maintaining cylinder, a bait cylinder and a pressure compensation device, the pressure-maintaining cylinder is of a cylindrical structure with an opening at the upper end, the pressure compensation device is communicated with a pressure compensation port on the pressure-maintaining cylinder and can compensate the pressure in the pressure-maintaining cylinder, and the bait cylinder is connected with a bait inlet on the pressure-maintaining cylinder; an inlet is arranged on the side wall of the upper arm of the pressure maintaining cylinder and is connected with an inlet sealing device; the sampling device is arranged in the pressure maintaining cylinder and comprises a sampling cylinder, a sampling rod, an upper end cover and a lower end cover, and the sampling cylinder is respectively provided with a through hole corresponding to an inlet of the pressure maintaining cylinder, a bait inlet and a pressure compensation port; an upper end cover and a lower end face are fixedly arranged at two ends of the sampling cylinder, the sampling rod is fixed on the upper end cover, a sealing ring is arranged between the upper end cover and the pressure maintaining cylinder, a through hole is formed in the lower end cover, and a sealing ring is arranged between the lower end cover and the pressure maintaining cylinder.
In the whole-sea-depth macrobiotic pressure-maintaining sampling device, the side walls of the upper end and the lower end of the sampling cylinder are respectively provided with a through hole; the sampling rod is of a hollow tubular structure, and an annular groove is formed in the upper end of the sampling rod.
In the whole-sea deep macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device, the pressure-maintaining device comprises a pressure-maintaining cylinder, square stop bolts and a high-pressure valve, wherein the side wall of the top of the pressure-maintaining cylinder is provided with a plurality of square stop bolt holes, the square stop bolt holes are arranged along the radial direction of the pressure-maintaining cylinder, a square stop bolt is respectively arranged in each square stop bolt hole, and a limit pin is fixed on the outer side surface of each square stop bolt; a blocking bolt box is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the pressure maintaining cylinder corresponding to the square blocking bolt, the end faces of the square blocking bolt and the blocking bolt box are connected through a compression spring, the square blocking bolt can move in a square blocking bolt hole under the action of the compression spring, and the square blocking bolt hole are sealed through a sealing ring; the bottom of the pressure maintaining cylinder is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is connected with the high-pressure valve through a high-pressure pipe.
In the above whole-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device, the inlet sealing device comprises a sealing cylinder, a flap valve seat, a flap valve cover, a flap shaft, a torsion spring and a sleeve; the turnover valve seat is provided with a valve hole, a hinge lug is arranged at the valve hole, a turnover plate shaft is fixed on the hinge lug, the turnover valve cover is hinged with the turnover valve seat through the turnover plate shaft, the turnover plate shaft is also provided with a torsional spring, and two ends of the torsional spring are respectively connected with the turnover valve seat and the turnover valve cover; the sleeve is arranged on the flap valve cover, the sleeve is matched with the trigger mechanism to limit the flap valve cover, the flap valve cover is vertically arranged on one side of the valve hole, the flap valve seat is in sealing connection with the sealing barrel, the flap valve cover can cover the valve hole, and the flap valve cover and the flap valve seat are sealed through the sealing ring.
Among the foretell macro biological pressurize sampling device in full sea depth, trigger mechanism install on sealed lateral wall, trigger mechanism include the trigger bar and trigger the rope, trigger bar one end is connected with trigger the rope, the trigger mechanism mounting hole on sealed lateral wall is passed to the other end, the cartridge is in the sleeve, seals through the sealing washer between trigger bar and the trigger bar mounting hole.
In the whole-sea-depth macrobiotic pressure-maintaining sampling device, the pressure compensation device comprises a pressure-resistant cylinder, a piston, a compensator end cover and an inflation valve; the compensator end cover is hermetically arranged at an opening at the top of the pressure-resistant cylinder; the compensator end cover is provided with a through hole and is communicated with the pressure maintaining cylinder through a high-pressure pipe; the piston is arranged in the pressure-resistant cylinder, the bottom of the pressure-resistant cylinder is provided with an inflation hole, and a high-pressure pipe connected with the inflation hole is provided with an inflation valve.
In the whole-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device, the bait cylinder comprises a pressure-resistant cylinder body, a bait cylinder bottom cover and a filter plate; the bait cylinder bottom cover is arranged at the bottom of the pressure-resistant cylinder body; the top of the bait cylinder is communicated with the inner cavity of the pressure maintaining cylinder through a high-pressure pipe, and a switch valve is arranged on the high-pressure pipe; the top is equipped with the filter that is used for restricting the bait size and passes through in the withstand voltage cylinder body, be equipped with a plurality of filtration pores on the filter, the diameter of filtration pore is less than the high-pressure tube internal diameter.
In the above full-sea-depth macrobiotic pressure-maintaining sampling device, the switching valve includes an inlet port, an outlet port, a sealing ring, a valve body and a trigger rod; the valve body is provided with a valve hole, an inlet and an outlet which are communicated with the valve hole, the inlet and the outlet are positioned in the same section, and the inlet and the outlet are respectively provided with an inlet interface and an outlet interface; the trigger rod is inserted in the valve hole, an annular groove is arranged on the trigger rod, and the annular groove is arranged corresponding to the inlet and the outlet when the trigger rod is at the initial position; two sealing rings are arranged between the trigger rod and the valve hole, and the two sealing rings are respectively positioned at two sides of the inlet; one end of the trigger rod is exposed out of the valve hole, and the end of the trigger rod is connected with the trigger rope.
In the full-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device, the diameter of the outlet of the pressure-maintaining cylinder and the diameter of the inlet of the pressure-maintaining cylinder are the same as the diameter of a through hole on the sampling cylinder, which corresponds to the inlet of the pressure-maintaining cylinder, and the diameters of through holes on the side walls of the upper end and the lower end of the sampling cylinder; the pressure maintaining cylinder, the sampling cylinder, the sealing cylinder, the pressure-resistant cylinder and the pressure-resistant cylinder body are all made of titanium alloy materials.
A sampling and transferring method using the whole-sea deep macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device comprises the following specific operation steps:
1) before the full-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device is used for launching water, filling inert gas with the pressure 0.3 times of the full-sea-depth pressure into a containing cavity at the lower part of a piston in a pressure compensator, so that the piston of the pressure compensator is positioned at the top of the containing cavity of the pressure compensator;
2) opening a flap valve cover of the inlet sealing device, binding the other end of a trigger rope of the switch valve and the other end of a trigger rope of a trigger mechanism of the inlet sealing device on a bearing block of the lander, and connecting a bait barrel and a switch valve on a high-pressure pipe connected with a pressure maintaining barrel;
3) lowering the whole-sea deep macrobiotic pressure-maintaining sampling device to the designated seabed surface through the lander;
4) bait in the bait cylinder flows into the pressure maintaining cylinder through the filter plate to trap macroorganisms in the full-sea deep environment; when a camera on the lander observes that macroorganisms enter the pressure maintaining cylinder, the bearing block is released through the releaser, the flap valve cover and the switch valve of the inlet sealing device are closed, and the lander floats upwards;
5) the whole-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device is recovered to the sea surface through the lander, in the recovery process, due to the reduction of the external seawater pressure, the pressure-maintaining cylinder body expands and deforms, the inert gas in the containing cavity below the pressure compensator piston pushes the piston to move towards the upper containing cavity, the seawater in the upper cavity is forced to flow into the pressure-maintaining cylinder body through the high-pressure pipe, and the pressure loss in the pressure-maintaining cylinder body caused by the expansion and deformation of the pressure-maintaining cylinder body is compensated;
6) and after the whole-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device is recovered to the sea surface, the culture kettle is butted with the whole-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device, so that the whole-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining transfer is realized.
In the sampling and transferring method of the whole-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device, the culture kettle in the step (6) comprises a high-pressure cylinder, an end cover, a sealing plug, a pressure gauge and an overflow valve; the end cover is provided with a tapered hole with a large upper part and a small lower part, the sealing plug is arranged in the tapered hole, the sealing plug and the tapered hole are sealed through the sealing ring, the bottom of the sealing plug is provided with a blind hole, the side wall of the blind hole is provided with a plurality of stop bolt holes, the stop bolt holes are arranged along the radial direction, each stop bolt hole is internally provided with a stop bolt and a bolt, the bolt is positioned on the outer side of the stop bolt, and the bolt is in threaded connection with the; the stop bolt is connected with the bolt through a compression spring, and the stop bolt can move in the stop bolt hole under the action of the compression spring; the outer wall of the high-pressure barrel is provided with a high-pressure pipe connecting hole, the high-pressure pipe connecting hole is connected with an overflow valve through a high-pressure pipe, and the high-pressure pipe is provided with a pressure gauge.
In the sampling and transferring method of the whole-sea-depth macrobiotic pressure-maintaining sampling device, the step (6) is specifically operated as follows:
(1) before the culture kettle is butted with the whole-sea deep macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device, injecting seawater into the culture kettle, enabling the pressure environment in the culture kettle to be basically equal to the whole-sea deep pressure environment, then opening an overflow valve, and observing the pressure value in the culture kettle through a pressure gauge;
(2) matching a stop bolt of the culture kettle with an annular groove at the upper end part of the sampling rod to compress a compression spring, realizing butt joint of the culture kettle and the whole-sea deep macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device, and then connecting the culture kettle and the sampling device in a sealing way through a bolt;
(3) connecting a pressure pump with a high-pressure valve, pressurizing the pressure maintaining cylinder to a pressure 0.3-0.7 MPa higher than the deep water pressure of the whole sea, so that the sampling device moves upwards, the sealing plug is jacked open, and the excess water in the culture kettle overflows out of the water tank through an overflow valve;
(4) when the sampling device moves to the through hole corresponding to the inlet on the sampling cylinder and is communicated with the outlet of the pressure maintaining cylinder, the pressurization is stopped, so that macroorganisms in the sampling cylinder swim to the culture kettle from the through hole at the upper end of the side wall of the sampling cylinder and the through hole at the lower end of the side wall of the sampling cylinder, and the pressure maintaining transfer of the macroorganisms in the whole sea depth is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the whole-sea deep macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device can realize trapping and low-temperature pressure-maintaining culture of whole-sea deep macrobiology, and can effectively ensure the in-situ vital characteristics of the whole-sea deep macrobiology.
(2) The whole-sea deep macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device can realize butt joint with a culture kettle and realize low-temperature pressure-maintaining transfer of whole-sea deep macrobiology.
(3) The whole-sea deep macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device has the advantages of simple and compact structure, simplicity and convenience in operation, and suitability for being carried on landers, manned submersible vehicles and unmanned submersible vehicles.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram (a state before sampling) of the whole-sea deep macrobiostatic sampling device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram (after sampling) of the whole-sea-depth macrobiostatic sampling device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the pressure compensator of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a structural diagram illustrating an opening state of the inlet sealing device according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the inlet sealing device of the present invention in a closed state.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the filter plate of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the switching valve structure of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of a culture tank of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is an enlarged view at I of fig. 8.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the construction of the pressurizer of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the sampling device of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the butt structure of the whole-sea deep macrobiosis pressure-maintaining sampling device and the culture kettle of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a state diagram of the transfer process of the whole-sea deep macrobiostatic sampling device.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-13, the whole-sea deep macrobiosis pressure-holding sampling device of the invention comprises a sampling device 3, a pressure-holding device 1 and an inlet sealing device 2. The inlet sealing device 2 is arranged at the inlet of the pressure maintaining device 1, and the sampling device 3 is arranged in the pressure maintaining device 1.
The sampling device 3 comprises a sampling cylinder 301, a sampling rod 302, an upper end cover 303 and a lower end cover 304, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the sampling cylinder 301 are respectively connected with the upper end cover 303 and the lower end face 304, the sampling rod 302 is fixed on the upper end face of the upper end cover 303 through a bolt 305, and a sealing ring 306 is arranged on the side wall of the upper end cover 303. The center of the lower end cover 304 is provided with a through hole, and the side wall of the lower end cover 304 is provided with a sealing ring 307. The sampling device 3 is inserted into the pressure maintaining device 1, and the upper end cover 303 of the sampling device 3 is hermetically connected with the pressure maintaining device 1
The pressure maintaining device comprises a pressure maintaining cylinder 101, square stop bolts 102 and a high-pressure valve 103, wherein the side wall of the top of the pressure maintaining cylinder 101 is provided with a plurality of square stop bolt holes 104, the square stop bolt holes 104 are arranged along the radial direction, a square stop bolt 102 is respectively arranged in each square stop bolt hole 104, and a limit pin 105 is fixed on the outer side surface of each square stop bolt 102. The outer side wall of the pressure maintaining cylinder 101 is fixedly provided with a blocking bolt box 106 corresponding to the square blocking bolt 102 through a bolt 105, the opposite end faces of the square blocking bolt 102 and the blocking bolt box 106 are connected through a compression spring 107, the square blocking bolt 102 can move in the square blocking bolt hole 104 under the action of the compression spring 107, and the square blocking bolt 102 and the square blocking bolt hole 104 are sealed through a sealing ring 108. The bottom of the inner cavity of the pressure maintaining cylinder 101 is connected with a high-pressure valve 103 through a high-pressure pipe. A through hole I308 is formed in the side wall of the sampling cylinder 3 corresponding to an inlet of the pressure maintaining cylinder 101, and a through hole 310 and a through hole II309 are respectively formed in the upper end and the lower end of the side wall of the sampling cylinder; the upper end of the sampling rod 302 is provided with an annular groove 311. The inlet sealing device 2 is arranged at the inlet of the pressure-maintaining cylinder 101. The diameters of the through hole 310, the through hole I308 and the through hole II309 on the pressure maintaining cylinder 101 are the same, the diameters are 68mm, and the entrance of macroorganisms in the full-sea deep environment can be basically met.
The inlet sealing device 2 comprises a sealing cylinder 207, a flap valve seat 201, a flap valve cover 202, a flap shaft 205, a sealing ring 206, a torsion spring 205 and a sleeve 203; the turnover valve seat 201 is provided with a valve hole, a hinge lug is arranged at the valve hole, a turnover shaft 205 is fixed on the hinge lug, the turnover valve cover 202 is hinged with the turnover valve seat 201 through the turnover shaft 205 and the hinge lug, the turnover shaft 205 is also provided with a torsion spring 205, and two ends of the torsion spring 205 are respectively connected with the turnover valve seat 201 and the turnover valve cover 202; the sleeve 203 is fixedly installed on the flap valve cover 202, the trigger mechanism 13 is matched to limit the flap valve cover 202, the flap valve cover 202 is enabled to be upright on one side of the valve hole, at the moment, the valve hole is opened, the flap valve cover 202 can cover the valve hole under the torsion action of the torsion spring 205 after the trigger mechanism is pulled out of the sleeve 203, and at the moment, the valve hole is closed. The flap valve seat 201 is connected with the sealing cylinder 207 in a sealing way through a bolt 208, and the flap valve cover 202 and the flap valve seat 201 are sealed through a sealing ring 206.
The trigger mechanism 5 is installed on the side wall of the sealing cylinder 207, the trigger mechanism 5 comprises a trigger rod 501 and a trigger rope 8, one end of the trigger rod 501 is provided with a trigger rope fixing hole 502, and the trigger rope fixing hole 502 is connected with the trigger rope 8. The other end of the trigger rod 501 penetrates through a trigger mechanism mounting hole in the side wall of the sealing cylinder 507 and is inserted into the sleeve 203, and the trigger rod 501 and the trigger rod mounting hole are sealed through a sealing ring.
The pressure compensation device 4 comprises a pressure-resistant cylinder 403, a piston 402, a compensator end cover 404 and an inflation valve 401; the compensator end cover 404 is hermetically arranged at the opening at the top of the pressure-resistant cylinder 403; the compensator end cover 404 is provided with a through hole and is communicated with the pressure maintaining cylinder 101 through a high-pressure pipe 10; the piston 402 is arranged in the pressure-resistant cylinder 403, the bottom of the pressure-resistant cylinder 403 is provided with a high-pressure pipe connecting hole, the high-pressure pipe connecting hole is connected with a high-pressure pipe, and the high-pressure pipe is provided with an inflation valve 401.
The bait cartridge 6 comprises a pressure-resistant cylinder 601, a bait cartridge bottom cover 604 and a filter plate 602. The bait cylinder bottom cover 604 is arranged at the bottom of the pressure-resistant cylinder body 601 through bolts; the bait cylinder 6 is communicated with the inner cavity of the pressure maintaining cylinder 101 through a high-pressure pipe 604, and a switch valve 7 is arranged on the high-pressure pipe 604. The pressure-resistant cylinder body 601 is internally provided with a filter plate 602 for limiting the size of the bait to pass through, and the diameter of a filter hole 603 on the filter plate 602 is smaller than the inner diameter of the high-pressure pipe 11. The switch valve 7 comprises an inlet interface 706, an outlet interface 703, a sealing ring 702, a valve body 704 and a trigger rod 701; the valve body 704 is provided with a valve hole, an inlet and an outlet which are communicated with the valve hole, the inlet and the outlet are positioned in the same section, and the inlet and the outlet are respectively provided with an inlet interface 706 and an outlet interface 703. The trigger rod 701 is inserted into the valve hole, an annular groove is formed in the trigger rod 701, and the annular groove is arranged corresponding to the inlet and the outlet when the trigger rod 701 is in the initial position, so that the inlet is communicated with the outlet. Two sealing rings 702 are arranged between the trigger rod 701 and the valve hole, and the two sealing rings 702 are respectively positioned at two sides of the inlet; one end of the trigger rod 701 is exposed out of the valve hole, the end is provided with a trigger rope fixing hole 705, and the trigger rope fixing hole 705 is connected with the trigger rope 801. The pressure maintaining cylinder 101, the sealing cylinder 207, the pressure-resistant cylinder 403 and the pressure-resistant cylinder 601 are made of titanium alloy materials and can bear the ultrahigh pressure of 120 MPa.
The pressure maintaining and sampling method of the whole-sea-depth macrobiology pressure maintaining and sampling device comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) before the whole-sea-depth macrobiotic pressure-maintaining sampling device is launched, inert gas with the pressure 0.3 times of the whole-sea-depth pressure is inflated into the cavity at the lower part of the piston 402 in the pressure compensator 4 through the inflation valve 401, so that the piston 402 in the pressure compensator 4 is positioned at the top of the cavity of the pressure compensator 4.
(2) The flap valve cover 202 and the switch valve 7 on the bait cylinder 6 are opened, one end of the trigger rope 801 is fixed on one end of the trigger rod 701, a trigger rope fixing hole 705 is formed in one end of the trigger rod, and the other end of the trigger rope 801 is bound on a bearing block of the lander. One end of the trigger rope 8 is fixed on one end of the trigger rod 501, a trigger rope fixing hole 502 is arranged on one end of the trigger rod, and the other end of the trigger rope 8 is bound on a bearing block of the lander.
(3) The whole-sea-depth macrobiosis pressure-maintaining sampling device is lowered to the designated seabed surface through the lander, and in the lowering process, the piston 402 of the pressure compensator 4 moves downwards under the action of seawater pressure until the pressures in the cavity below and the cavity above the piston 402 are balanced.
(4) The bait in the bait cylinder 6 flows into the pressure-maintaining cylinder 3 through the filter plate 702 to trap macro organisms in the full-sea deep environment; when the camera on the lander observes that macro organisms enter the pressure maintaining cylinder 3, the bearing block is released through the releaser, the trigger rod 501 and the trigger rod 701 are triggered, and meanwhile, the flap valve cover 202 and the switch valve 7 on the bait cylinder 6 are closed.
(5) Retrieve to the sea through the macroscopical biological pressurize sampling device in full sea depth, in the recovery process, because the reduction of external sea water pressure, pressurize section of thick bamboo 3 inflation deformation, the inert gas of holding the intracavity below 4 pistons 402 of pressure compensator will promote piston 402 and remove to the lower chamber this moment, force the top to hold the sea water of intracavity and flow to pressurize section of thick bamboo 3 through high-pressure tube 5 to the compensation leads to the internal pressure loss of pressurize section of thick bamboo 3 because the body inflation deformation of pressurize section of thick bamboo 3.
(6) After the whole-sea-depth macrobiology is subjected to pressure-maintaining transfer and recovery to the sea surface, the culture kettle 9 is in pressure-maintaining transfer butt joint with the whole-sea-depth macrobiology in a laboratory, and the whole-sea-depth macrobiology is subjected to pressure-maintaining transfer into the culture kettle 9.
The culture kettle 9 comprises a high-pressure cylinder 901, an end cover 902, a sealing plug 903, a pressure gauge 910 and an overflow valve 911; the end cover 902 is provided with a tapered hole with a large upper part and a small lower part, the sealing plug 903 is arranged in the tapered hole, and the sealing plug 903 and the tapered hole are sealed through a sealing ring. The bottom of the sealing plug 903 is provided with a blind hole, the side wall of the blind hole is provided with a plurality of bolt blocking holes 904, the bolt blocking holes 904 are arranged along the radial direction, each bolt blocking hole 904 is internally provided with a bolt 905 and a bolt 907, the bolt 907 is positioned on the outer side of the bolt 905, and the bolt 907 is in threaded connection with the bolt blocking holes 904; the stop bolt 905 is connected with the bolt 907 through a compression spring 906, and the stop bolt can move in the stop bolt hole under the action of the compression spring. The outer wall of the high-pressure cylinder 901 is provided with a high-pressure pipe connecting hole, the high-pressure pipe connecting hole is connected with an overflow valve 911 through a high-pressure pipe, and the high-pressure pipe is provided with a pressure gauge 910.
The specific operation of pressure-maintaining transfer of the whole-sea-depth macroorganisms into the culture kettle 9 is as follows:
(1) before the culture kettle 9 is in pressure-maintaining transfer butt joint with the whole-sea deep macrobiology, seawater is injected into the culture kettle, the pressure environment in the culture kettle is basically equal to the whole-sea deep pressure environment, the overflow valve 911 is opened, and the pressure value in the culture kettle 9 is observed through the pressure gauge.
(2) The stop plug 905 of the culture kettle 9 is matched with the annular groove 311 at the upper end part of the sampling rod 302, so that the compression spring 906 is compressed, the butt joint of the culture kettle 9 and the whole-sea-depth macrobiosis pressure-maintaining transfer device is realized, and then the culture kettle 9 is hermetically connected with the sampling device through bolts.
(3) The pressure pump is connected with the high pressure valve 109, and the pressure is applied to the pressure maintaining cylinder 3 to a pressure greater than the deep water pressure of the whole sea by 0.3MPa to 0.7MPa, so that the sampling device 3 moves upwards, the sealing plug 903 is pushed open, and the excess water in the culture kettle 9 overflows out of the water tank through the overflow valve 911.
(4) When the sampling device 3 moves to the round hole I308 to be communicated with the outlet of the pressure maintaining cylinder 3, the pressurization is stopped, and the macroorganisms in the sampling cylinder 3 swim to the culture kettle 9 from the round hole II309 and the round through hole 310, so that the pressure maintaining transfer of the macroorganisms in the whole sea depth is completed.
Claims (12)
1. The utility model provides a macro biological pressurize sampling device in full sea depth which characterized in that: the pressure maintaining device comprises a pressure maintaining cylinder, a bait cylinder and a pressure compensating device, wherein the pressure maintaining cylinder is of a cylindrical structure with an opening at the upper end, the pressure compensating device is communicated with a pressure compensating port on the pressure maintaining cylinder and can compensate the pressure in the pressure maintaining cylinder, and the bait cylinder is connected with a bait inlet on the pressure maintaining cylinder; an inlet is arranged on the side wall of the upper arm of the pressure maintaining cylinder and is connected with an inlet sealing device; the sampling device is arranged in the pressure maintaining cylinder and comprises a sampling cylinder, a sampling rod, an upper end cover and a lower end cover, and the sampling cylinder is respectively provided with a through hole corresponding to an inlet of the pressure maintaining cylinder, a bait inlet and a pressure compensation port; an upper end cover and a lower end face are fixedly arranged at two ends of the sampling cylinder, the sampling rod is fixed on the upper end cover, a sealing ring is arranged between the upper end cover and the pressure maintaining cylinder, a through hole is formed in the lower end cover, and a sealing ring is arranged between the lower end cover and the pressure maintaining cylinder.
2. The whole-sea deep macrobiosis pressure-holding sampling device of claim 1, characterized in that: the side walls of the upper end and the lower end of the sampling cylinder are respectively provided with a through hole; the sampling rod is of a hollow tubular structure, and an annular groove is formed in the upper end of the sampling rod.
3. The whole-sea deep macro organism pressure-holding sampling device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the pressure maintaining device comprises a pressure maintaining cylinder, square stop bolts and a high-pressure valve, wherein a plurality of square stop bolt holes are formed in the side wall of the top of the pressure maintaining cylinder, the square stop bolt holes are arranged along the radial direction of the pressure maintaining cylinder, a square stop bolt is arranged in each square stop bolt hole, and a limit pin is fixed on the outer side surface of each square stop bolt; a blocking bolt box is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the pressure maintaining cylinder corresponding to the square blocking bolt, the end faces of the square blocking bolt and the blocking bolt box are connected through a compression spring, the square blocking bolt can move in a square blocking bolt hole under the action of the compression spring, and the square blocking bolt hole are sealed through a sealing ring; the bottom of the pressure maintaining cylinder is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is connected with the high-pressure valve through a high-pressure pipe.
4. The whole-sea deep macro organism pressure-holding sampling device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the inlet sealing device comprises a sealing cylinder, a flap valve seat, a flap valve cover, a flap shaft, a torsion spring and a sleeve; the turnover valve seat is provided with a valve hole, a hinge lug is arranged at the valve hole, a turnover plate shaft is fixed on the hinge lug, the turnover valve cover is hinged with the turnover valve seat through the turnover plate shaft, the turnover plate shaft is also provided with a torsional spring, and two ends of the torsional spring are respectively connected with the turnover valve seat and the turnover valve cover; the sleeve is arranged on the flap valve cover, the sleeve is matched with the trigger mechanism to limit the flap valve cover, the flap valve cover is vertically arranged on one side of the valve hole, the flap valve seat is in sealing connection with the sealing barrel, the flap valve cover can cover the valve hole, and the flap valve cover and the flap valve seat are sealed through the sealing ring.
5. The whole-sea deep macrobiosis pressure-holding sampling device of claim 4, characterized in that: the trigger mechanism is arranged on the side wall of the sealing barrel and comprises a trigger rod and a trigger rope, one end of the trigger rod is connected with the trigger rope, the other end of the trigger rod penetrates through a trigger mechanism mounting hole in the side wall of the sealing barrel and is inserted into the sleeve, and the trigger rod mounting hole are sealed through a sealing ring.
6. The whole-sea deep macrobiosis pressure-holding sampling device of claim 4, characterized in that: the pressure compensation device comprises a pressure-resistant cylinder, a piston, a compensator end cover and an inflation valve; the compensator end cover is hermetically arranged at an opening at the top of the pressure-resistant cylinder; the compensator end cover is provided with a through hole and is communicated with the pressure maintaining cylinder through a high-pressure pipe; the piston is arranged in the pressure-resistant cylinder, the bottom of the pressure-resistant cylinder is provided with an inflation hole, and a high-pressure pipe connected with the inflation hole is provided with an inflation valve.
7. The whole-sea deep macrobiosis pressure-holding sampling device of claim 6, characterized in that: the bait cylinder comprises a pressure-resistant cylinder body, a bait cylinder bottom cover and a filter plate; the bait cylinder bottom cover is arranged at the bottom of the pressure-resistant cylinder body; the top of the bait cylinder is communicated with the inner cavity of the pressure maintaining cylinder through a high-pressure pipe, and a switch valve is arranged on the high-pressure pipe; the top is equipped with the filter that is used for restricting the bait size and passes through in the withstand voltage cylinder body, be equipped with a plurality of filtration pores on the filter, the diameter of filtration pore is less than the high-pressure tube internal diameter.
8. The whole-sea deep-sea macrobiosis pressure-holding sampling device of claim 7, wherein: the switch valve comprises an inlet interface, an outlet interface, a sealing ring, a valve body and a trigger rod; the valve body is provided with a valve hole, an inlet and an outlet which are communicated with the valve hole, the inlet and the outlet are positioned in the same section, and the inlet and the outlet are respectively provided with an inlet interface and an outlet interface; the trigger rod is inserted in the valve hole, an annular groove is arranged on the trigger rod, and the annular groove is arranged corresponding to the inlet and the outlet when the trigger rod is at the initial position; two sealing rings are arranged between the trigger rod and the valve hole, and the two sealing rings are respectively positioned at two sides of the inlet; one end of the trigger rod is exposed out of the valve hole, and the end of the trigger rod is connected with the trigger rope.
9. The whole-sea deep macrobiosis pressure-holding sampling device of claim 7, characterized in that: the diameter of the outlet of the pressure maintaining cylinder and the diameter of the inlet of the pressure maintaining cylinder are the same as the diameter of a through hole on the sampling cylinder, which corresponds to the inlet of the pressure maintaining cylinder, and the diameters of through holes on the side walls of the upper end and the lower end of the sampling cylinder; the pressure maintaining cylinder, the sampling cylinder, the sealing cylinder, the pressure-resistant cylinder and the pressure-resistant cylinder body are all made of titanium alloy materials.
10. A sampling and transferring method using the whole-sea deep-sea macro-organism pressure-keeping sampling device of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following specific operation steps:
before the full-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device is used for launching water, filling inert gas with the pressure 0.3 times of the full-sea-depth pressure into a containing cavity at the lower part of a piston in a pressure compensator, so that the piston of the pressure compensator is positioned at the top of the containing cavity of the pressure compensator;
opening a flap valve cover of the inlet sealing device, binding the other end of a trigger rope of the switch valve and the other end of a trigger rope of a trigger mechanism of the inlet sealing device on a bearing block of the lander, and connecting a bait barrel and a switch valve on a high-pressure pipe connected with a pressure maintaining barrel;
lowering the whole-sea deep macrobiotic pressure-maintaining sampling device to the designated seabed surface through the lander;
bait in the bait cylinder flows into the pressure maintaining cylinder through the filter plate to trap macroorganisms in the full-sea deep environment; when a camera on the lander observes that macroorganisms enter the pressure maintaining cylinder, the bearing block is released through the releaser, the flap valve cover and the switch valve of the inlet sealing device are closed, and the lander floats upwards;
the whole-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device is recovered to the sea surface through the lander, in the recovery process, due to the reduction of the external seawater pressure, the pressure-maintaining cylinder body expands and deforms, the inert gas in the containing cavity below the pressure compensator piston pushes the piston to move towards the upper containing cavity, the seawater in the upper cavity is forced to flow into the pressure-maintaining cylinder body through the high-pressure pipe, and the pressure loss in the pressure-maintaining cylinder body caused by the expansion and deformation of the pressure-maintaining cylinder body is compensated;
and after the whole-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device is recovered to the sea surface, the culture kettle is butted with the whole-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device, so that the whole-sea-depth macrobiology pressure-maintaining transfer is realized.
11. The sampling and transferring method of the whole-sea deep macro organism pressure-maintaining sampling device according to claim 10, wherein the culture kettle in the step (6) comprises a high-pressure cylinder, an end cover, a sealing plug, a pressure gauge and an overflow valve; the end cover is provided with a tapered hole with a large upper part and a small lower part, the sealing plug is arranged in the tapered hole, the sealing plug and the tapered hole are sealed through the sealing ring, the bottom of the sealing plug is provided with a blind hole, the side wall of the blind hole is provided with a plurality of stop bolt holes, the stop bolt holes are arranged along the radial direction, each stop bolt hole is internally provided with a stop bolt and a bolt, the bolt is positioned on the outer side of the stop bolt, and the bolt is in threaded connection with the; the stop bolt is connected with the bolt through a compression spring, and the stop bolt can move in the stop bolt hole under the action of the compression spring; the outer wall of the high-pressure barrel is provided with a high-pressure pipe connecting hole, the high-pressure pipe connecting hole is connected with an overflow valve through a high-pressure pipe, and the high-pressure pipe is provided with a pressure gauge.
12. The sampling and transferring method of the whole-sea deep macro bio-dwelling sampling device according to claim 11, wherein the step (6) is specifically operated as follows:
(1) before the culture kettle is butted with the whole-sea deep macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device, injecting seawater into the culture kettle, enabling the pressure environment in the culture kettle to be basically equal to the whole-sea deep pressure environment, then opening an overflow valve, and observing the pressure value in the culture kettle through a pressure gauge;
(2) matching a stop bolt of the culture kettle with an annular groove at the upper end part of the sampling rod to compress a compression spring, realizing butt joint of the culture kettle and the whole-sea deep macrobiology pressure-maintaining sampling device, and then connecting the culture kettle and the sampling device in a sealing way through a bolt;
(3) connecting a pressure pump with a high-pressure valve, pressurizing the pressure maintaining cylinder to a pressure 0.3-0.7 MPa higher than the deep water pressure of the whole sea, so that the sampling device moves upwards, the sealing plug is jacked open, and the excess water in the culture kettle overflows out of the water tank through an overflow valve;
(4) when the sampling device moves to the through hole corresponding to the inlet on the sampling cylinder and is communicated with the outlet of the pressure maintaining cylinder, the pressurization is stopped, so that macroorganisms in the sampling cylinder swim to the culture kettle from the through hole at the upper end of the side wall of the sampling cylinder and the through hole at the lower end of the side wall of the sampling cylinder, and the pressure maintaining transfer of the macroorganisms in the whole sea depth is realized.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111855307A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-30 | 上海交通大学 | Traction sampling type active pressure maintaining in-situ seawater sampler and sampling method thereof |
| CN112314509A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-02-05 | 中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所 | Deep sea macrobiology fidelity culture device and culture method |
| US20210219528A1 (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2021-07-22 | Hunan University Of Science And Technology | Suction sampler system for in situ collection of deep-sea floor organisms and method of using same |
| CN114081010A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-02-25 | 浙江大学 | Deep sea multicellular organism pressure maintaining capture and long-term culture device |
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2020
- 2020-01-19 CN CN202010057251.9A patent/CN111044312A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20210219528A1 (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2021-07-22 | Hunan University Of Science And Technology | Suction sampler system for in situ collection of deep-sea floor organisms and method of using same |
| US11812732B2 (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2023-11-14 | Hunan University Of Science And Technology | Suction sampler system for in situ collection of deep-sea floor organisms and method of using same |
| CN111855307A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-30 | 上海交通大学 | Traction sampling type active pressure maintaining in-situ seawater sampler and sampling method thereof |
| CN111855307B (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2023-11-07 | 上海交通大学 | Traction sampling type active pressure-maintaining in-situ seawater sampler and sampling method thereof |
| CN112314509A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-02-05 | 中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所 | Deep sea macrobiology fidelity culture device and culture method |
| CN114081010A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-02-25 | 浙江大学 | Deep sea multicellular organism pressure maintaining capture and long-term culture device |
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