CN111042809A - Underground stratum complex fracture state and sand blocking simulation device and method - Google Patents
Underground stratum complex fracture state and sand blocking simulation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111042809A CN111042809A CN201911375501.7A CN201911375501A CN111042809A CN 111042809 A CN111042809 A CN 111042809A CN 201911375501 A CN201911375501 A CN 201911375501A CN 111042809 A CN111042809 A CN 111042809A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for simulating a complex fracture state and sand blocking of an underground stratum. The device comprises: the system comprises a liquid distribution unit, a first connecting pipeline, a power unit, a second connecting pipeline, a first storage unit, a near-well distortion simulation unit, a second storage unit, a formation fracture simulation unit and a third storage unit which are sequentially connected along the flowing direction of fluid, wherein the liquid distribution unit can form fluid for simulation; the power unit can transmit the fluid to the first reservoir unit through the first connecting pipeline and the second connecting pipeline; the first reservoir unit is capable of storing a fluid; the near-well fracture simulation unit can simulate near-well fracture distortion; the second reservoir unit is capable of storing a fluid; the stratum fracture simulation unit can simulate stratum fractures; the third reservoir unit is capable of storing fluid. The method comprises the step of simulating by adopting the device. The beneficial effects of the invention can include: the method can more accurately simulate the hydraulic fracture morphology and the complex hydraulic fracture network for reservoir transformation, and can effectively evaluate the near-well distortion phenomenon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum simulation, in particular to a device and a method for simulating complex fracture state and sand blockage of an underground stratum.
Background
The large shale reservoir engineering simulation experiment can effectively guide shale development. At present, shale reservoir transformation simulation experiments are more, basically belong to small-size and cannot truly simulate the fracturing form of a reservoir, and outcrop is usually selected as an evaluation experiment; the intelligent operation can not be realized, the manual operation is basically relied on, and the equipment operation is complicated. The experiment of large simulation engineering for shale fracturing reformation is relatively few, and mainly simulates a single and different bedding seam/vertical seam evaluation experiment, so that the accurate hydraulic fracture form during shale fracturing cannot be accurately described, and the obtained conclusion has certain deviation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to address one or more of the problems in the prior art as set forth above. For example, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for simulating complex fracture state and sand plugging of a downhole formation, so as to simulate the actual fracture condition of the formation more truly.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a simulation device for complex fracture states and sand blocking of a downhole stratum.
The simulation device may include: the system comprises a liquid preparation unit, a first connecting pipeline, a power unit, a second connecting pipeline, a first storage unit, a near-well distortion simulation unit, a second storage unit, a formation fracture simulation unit and a third storage unit which are sequentially connected along the flowing direction of a fluid, wherein the liquid preparation unit can mix water and a propping agent to form a fluid for simulation; the power unit can transmit the fluid formed by the liquid preparation unit to the first storage unit through the first connecting pipeline and the second connecting pipeline; the first reservoir unit is capable of storing fluid transmitted by the power unit; the near-well fracture simulation unit comprises a plurality of first simulation pipelines capable of simulating near-well fracture distortion, and each first simulation pipeline is capable of receiving and circulating fluid in the first storage unit; the second storage unit can store the fluid flowing in through the plurality of first simulation pipelines; the stratum fracture simulation unit comprises a simulation pipeline assembly capable of simulating stratum fractures, the simulation pipeline assembly can receive and circulate fluid in the second storage unit, the simulation pipeline assembly comprises a plurality of second simulation pipelines or comprises a plurality of second simulation pipelines and a plurality of multi-way joints, and the plurality of multi-way joints can be used in combination with all or part of the plurality of second simulation pipelines; a third reservoir unit is capable of storing fluid flowing in through the analog line assembly.
According to one or more exemplary embodiments of the downhole formation complex fracture status and sand blockage simulation device of the present invention, the device may further comprise a third connecting line capable of receiving and circulating fluid in the second and/or second reservoir unit.
According to one or more exemplary embodiments of the downhole formation complex fracture status and sand blockage simulation apparatus of the present disclosure, the power unit may include a pump.
According to one or more exemplary embodiments of the apparatus for simulating complex fracture conditions and sand clogging in a downhole formation of the present invention, the apparatus may further include a flow meter disposed on the second connecting line to measure a flow rate of the fluid in the second connecting line.
According to one or more exemplary embodiments of the apparatus for simulating complex fracture conditions and sand plugging of a downhole formation, the first, second and third reservoir units may be tank structures, the apparatus may further comprise a pressure monitoring unit, and the pressure monitoring unit may comprise at least one of a first, second and third pressure monitoring assembly, wherein the first pressure monitoring assembly is capable of monitoring the pressure in the first reservoir unit; the second pressure monitoring assembly is capable of monitoring the pressure within the second reservoir unit; the third pressure monitoring assembly is capable of monitoring a pressure within the third reservoir unit. Further, the pressure monitoring assembly may include a pressure gauge.
The invention also provides a method for simulating the complex fracture state and sand blocking of the underground stratum. The method may comprise the steps of: mixing water and proppant uniformly and forming a fluid for simulation; transferring the formed fluid into a first reservoir unit; flowing fluid in a first reservoir unit into a number of first simulation lines capable of simulating near-well fracture distortion; flowing fluid in the first plurality of simulated lines into a second reservoir unit; flowing the fluid in the second reservoir unit into a simulated tubing line assembly, the simulated tubing line assembly capable of simulating a formation fracture and comprising a plurality of second simulated tubing lines, or comprising a plurality of second simulated tubing lines and a plurality of multi-way joints, the plurality of multi-way joints capable of being used in combination with all or part of the plurality of second simulated tubing lines; the fluid in the analog line assembly is flowed into a third reservoir unit.
The method can also be used for simulating the complex fracture state and sand blocking simulation device of the underground stratum.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the method for simulating complex fracture states and sand blocking of the underground stratum, the method can comprise the following steps: mixing water and proppant uniformly and forming a fluid for simulation; transferring the formed fluid into a first reservoir unit; flowing fluid in a first reservoir unit into a number of first simulation lines capable of simulating near-well fracture distortion; flowing fluid in the first plurality of simulated lines into a second reservoir unit; flowing the fluid in the second reservoir unit into a simulated tubing line assembly, the simulated tubing line assembly capable of simulating a formation fracture and comprising a plurality of second simulated tubing lines, or comprising a plurality of second simulated tubing lines and a plurality of multi-way joints, the plurality of multi-way joints capable of being used in combination with all or part of the plurality of second simulated tubing lines; the fluid in the analog line assembly is flowed into a third reservoir unit.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the method for simulating complex fracture conditions and sand blocking in a downhole formation, the step of transferring the formed fluid to a first reservoir unit may comprise: transferring the formed fluid through a high pressure line into a first reservoir unit; the method may further comprise the steps of: the flow rate of the fluid in the high pressure line is measured.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the method for simulating complex fracture state and sand blocking of a downhole formation, the first, second and third reservoir units may be tank structures, and the method may further include the steps of: measuring a pressure within at least one of the first, second and third reservoir units.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the method for simulating complex fracture conditions and sand blocking of a downhole formation, the step of uniformly mixing water and proppant and forming a fluid for simulation may comprise: uniformly mixing the water and the proppant through a water tank with a stirrer arranged inside and forming the fluid for simulation; the method may further comprise the steps of: flowing fluid from the second and/or third reservoir into the tank.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention can include: the method has the advantages that the hydraulic fracture form can be simulated more accurately, the near-well distortion phenomenon can be effectively evaluated, the conditions such as abnormal construction pressure in a fracturing site of reservoir transformation can be guided, theoretical foundation support can be provided for construction commanders, a complex hydraulic fracture network of reservoir transformation can be simulated, and effective guidance is provided for shale reservoir transformation.
Drawings
The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a downhole formation complex fracture status and sand plugging simulation apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of one side of a first connection tank of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the positional relationship of the first and second connecting tanks according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic of a first analog pipeline of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a second simulated pipeline of the present invention in connection with a multi-way junction;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of first and second connection tanks of the present invention to a simulated pipeline assembly of a formation fracture.
Description of the main reference numerals:
1-a water tank, 2-a plunger pump, 3-a flow meter, 4-a high-pressure pipeline, 5-a main tank, 6-a first pressure gauge, 7-a second pressure gauge, 8-a third pressure gauge, 9-a near-well distortion simulation pipeline, 10-a first connecting tank, 11-a formation fracture simulation pipeline, 12-a second connecting tank, 13-a low-pressure pipeline, 14-a first regulating valve, 15-a second regulating valve, 16-a stirrer, 17-a multi-way connector and 18-a pipeline connecting connector.
Detailed Description
The device and the method for simulating the complex fracture state and sand blocking of the underground stratum are described in detail in the following with the combination of the attached drawings and the exemplary embodiment.
Compared with the condition that only one or more regular cracks can be realized by the conventional method for simulating the shale reservoir cracks by utilizing the gaps between the two layers of glass interlayers, the simulation device and the simulation method can be used for simulating the shale reservoir cracks by adopting one or more straight pipes or special-shaped pipelines, so that the simulation of a single crack, multiple cracks or a complex crack network can be realized more effectively, and the simulation is closer to the actual crack condition of the stratum. Meanwhile, the simulation of different seam lengths, seam widths, seam heights and complexity of the cracks can be realized by adjusting the diameter, the number, the position and the connection mode of the simulation pipelines. The invention also considers the near-well fracture distortion in the fracture simulation, and proposes a mode of adopting one or more straight pipes or special-shaped pipelines to simulate the near-well fracture distortion. The simulation device and the simulation method can be used for simulating the sand blocking possibility and the corresponding parameters such as discharge capacity, sand concentration and the like when hydraulic fracturing in the petroleum industry and a complex fracture network is generated in a stratum.
The invention provides a simulation device for the complex fracture state and sand blocking of an underground stratum on the one hand.
In an exemplary embodiment of the downhole complex fracture status and sand plugging simulation device of the invention, the simulation device may comprise: the system comprises a liquid distribution unit, a first connecting pipeline, a power unit, a second connecting pipeline, a first storage unit, a near-well distortion simulation unit, a second storage unit, a stratum fracture simulation unit and a third storage unit which are sequentially connected along the flowing direction of fluid. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the fluid dispensing unit is capable of mixing water with proppant and forming a fluid for simulation. The liquid preparation unit can comprise a water tank and a stirrer arranged in the water tank. The proppant may comprise quartz sand or ceramic particles.
The power unit is capable of transferring the fluid formed by the liquid dispensing unit to the first reservoir unit via the first connecting line and the second connecting line. The power unit may include a pump, such as a plunger pump. The second connecting line may comprise a high pressure line.
The first reservoir unit is capable of storing fluid transmitted by the power unit. The first reservoir unit may include a main tank, which may be filled with a fluid.
The near-well fracture simulation unit may include a number of first simulation lines capable of simulating near-well fracture distortion, each first simulation line capable of receiving and circulating fluid in a first reservoir unit. The first simulation pipeline comprises a straight pipe or a special pipe.
The second reservoir unit is capable of storing fluid flowing in through the plurality of first dummy lines.
The formation fracture simulation unit comprises a simulation pipeline assembly capable of simulating formation fractures, the simulation pipeline assembly can receive and circulate fluid in the second storage unit, the simulation pipeline assembly comprises a plurality of second simulation pipelines or comprises a plurality of second simulation pipelines and a plurality of multi-way joints, and the plurality of multi-way joints can be used by combining all or part of pipelines in the plurality of second simulation pipelines. Wherein, the second analog pipeline can be a straight pipe or a special pipe.
A third reservoir unit is capable of storing fluid flowing in through the analog line assembly.
In this embodiment, the second reservoir unit may include a first connecting tank. The third reservoir unit may include a second connecting tank.
And under the condition that the simulation pipeline assembly comprises a plurality of second simulation pipelines, two ends of each second simulation pipeline are respectively connected with the first connecting tank and the second connecting tank.
In this embodiment, the apparatus may further include a flow measurement unit capable of measuring a flow rate of the fluid flowing into the first reservoir unit. The flow measurement unit may include a flow meter, and the flow meter may be disposed on the second connection line.
In this embodiment, the device may further comprise a third line capable of discharging the fluid in the second and/or third reservoir unit. Further, the third line is able to discharge the fluid in the second and/or third reservoir unit into the liquid dosing unit.
In this embodiment, the device may further comprise a third connecting line capable of transferring the fluid in the third reservoir unit to the liquid dispensing unit. The third connection line may include a low pressure line, both ends of which may be connected to the second connection tank and the water tank, respectively. The third connecting pipeline can be provided with a first regulating valve.
In this embodiment, the device may further comprise a fourth connecting line capable of communicating the third reservoir unit with the third connecting line. A second regulating valve can be arranged on the fourth connecting pipeline. The position of the first regulating valve arranged on the third connecting pipeline can be positioned at the upstream of the junction point of the third connecting pipeline and the fourth connecting pipeline.
In this embodiment, the tank body of the main tank may further be provided with a plurality of first connection holes;
the number of the first simulation pipelines is the same as that of the first connecting holes, the first simulation pipelines can correspond to the first connecting holes one by one, and one end of each first simulation pipeline can be inserted into the corresponding first connecting hole;
the first connecting tank body is provided with a plurality of second connecting holes, the second connecting holes are the same as the first simulation pipelines in number and can be in one-to-one correspondence, and the other end of each first simulation pipeline can be inserted into the second connecting holes in corresponding relation.
In this embodiment, the first and second connecting tanks may have the same or similar shape, and for example, both may have a rectangular parallelepiped shape or a flat shape.
The first connecting tank and the second connecting tank can be arranged oppositely, and connecting holes can be formed in two opposite tank surfaces. For example, still be provided with a plurality of third connecting hole on the first connection jar body, still can be provided with a plurality of fourth connecting hole on the second connection jar body, the quantity of third connecting hole, fourth connecting hole and second simulation pipeline all is the same and the three can the one-to-one, and the one end of every second simulation pipeline can both be inserted and be in the first connecting hole that is corresponding relation, the other end can be inserted and be in the second connecting hole that is corresponding relation.
Further, the connecting hole on the tank body can be provided with a pipeline connecting joint, and a corresponding pipeline can be connected with the connecting joint.
In this embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise a position adjustment mechanism. For example, the bottom of each of the first and second connecting tanks may be provided with a slidable base, and the bottom surface of the base is provided with at least three pulleys.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the downhole formation complex fracture status and sand blocking simulation device may comprise:
the system comprises a water tank 1, a plunger pump 2, a high-pressure pipeline 4, a main tank 5, a near-well distortion simulation pipeline (also called as a first simulation pipeline) 9, a first connecting tank 10, a formation fracture simulation pipeline (also called as a second simulation pipeline) 11, a second connecting tank 12 and a low-pressure pipeline 13 which are connected in sequence in the fluid flowing direction. A stirrer 16 can be arranged in the water tank 1, a flow meter 3 can be arranged on the high-pressure pipeline 4, a first pressure gauge 6 can be arranged on the main tank 5, and a second pressure gauge 7 and a third pressure gauge 8 are respectively arranged on the first connecting tank 10 and the second connecting tank 12.
In this embodiment, the water tank 1 may contain water, and the water contains quartz sand or ceramsite with a certain concentration, and the concentration of the quartz sand or ceramsite can be adjusted. During the simulation, the stirrer 16 can be kept in operation to ensure that the quartz sand or ceramsite can be uniformly mixed into the water.
In this embodiment, the plunger pump 2 can pump water containing quartz sand or ceramic particles with a certain concentration in the water tank 1 into the high-pressure pipeline 4 along the arrow direction, and the flow meter 3 can monitor the flow rate of the fluid in the high-pressure pipeline 4 in real time.
In this embodiment, fluid may enter the main tank 5 through the high pressure line 4, and the main tank 5 may be filled with fluid. A first pressure gauge 6 installed on the main tank 5 can monitor the pressure inside the main tank 5. The first pressure gauge 6 can be installed at the upper end of the tank body.
In the embodiment, the main tank can be made of a high-strength transparent plastic material, so that the visualization function can be realized.
In this embodiment, one end of the near-well twist simulation line 9 may be connected to the main tank 5. Fluid may enter the near-well twist simulation line 9 through the main tank 5. The other end of the near-well twist simulation line 9 may be connected with a first connection tank 10.
The near-well twist simulation pipeline 9 may be one or more, as shown in fig. 4, and may be a straight pipeline, such as the structure shown in (a), or a profiled pipeline, such as the structures shown in (b) and (c).
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the high-pressure pipeline 4 may be installed at the upper end of the tank body, and one end of the near-well twist simulation pipeline 9 may be connected to a position circumferentially below the tank body. Because the fluid entering the tank body from the high-pressure pipeline 4 has certain fluctuation, one end of the near-well distortion simulation pipeline 9 is arranged below the circumferential direction of the tank body, and the fluid flowing out of the tank body through the near-well distortion simulation pipeline 9 is stable through the buffering of the liquid in the whole tank body.
In this embodiment, the formation fracture simulation pipeline 11 is connected at one end to the first connection tank 10 and at the other end to the second connection tank 12. Fluid may enter the formation fracture simulation pipeline 11 through the first connection tank 10 and continue into the second connection tank 12.
A plurality of connection holes corresponding to each other may be formed in one side surface of the first connection tank 10 and one side surface of the second connection tank 12, and the connection holes may be used to connect the formation fracture simulation line 11.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of pipeline connecting joints 18 may be disposed on one side surface of the first connecting tank 10 and one side surface of the second connecting tank 12, and the connecting joints 18 may be used to connect one end of the formation fracture simulation pipeline.
In this embodiment, the second pressure gauge 7 installed on the first connection tank 10 can measure the pressure inside the first connection tank 10, and the third pressure gauge 8 installed on the second connection tank 12 can measure the pressure inside the second connection tank 12.
In the present embodiment, the relative position between the first and second connection tanks 10 and 12 may be adjusted, for example, the horizontal distance, the relative height, etc., as shown in fig. 3.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 6, the first and second connection tanks are in a flat cuboid structure, which not only facilitates connection between the first and second connection tanks and the near-well torsion simulation pipeline 9, the formation fracture simulation pipeline 11 and the low-pressure pipeline 13, respectively, but also helps to build a complex transverse and/or longitudinal seam network between the first and second connection tanks (other shapes are not easy to achieve the purpose). The wide surfaces (i.e. the surfaces with larger area) of the first and second connecting tanks can be connected with various pipelines, and the transverse and/or longitudinal complex seam nets are also arranged between the wide surfaces of the first and second connecting tanks.
In this embodiment, the first and second connection tanks may be identical in shape and structure. The purpose of this is to facilitate the building of complex transversal and/or longitudinal seam meshes between the first and second connecting tanks.
In this embodiment, main jar, first and second connecting tank can all be the structure of cuboid, and the appearance is the cuboid structure, and the inner chamber also can be corresponding to be the cuboid structure. This arrangement is convenient for connecting the pipelines. The three tanks and the pipeline can be mechanically connected by adopting a quick joint mode.
In this embodiment, the main tank, the first and second connecting tanks and the connecting lines thereof may be mechanically sealed.
In this embodiment, the formation fracture simulation pipeline 11 may be one or more, and may be a straight pipeline, or a profiled pipeline, such as a pipeline having the same or similar structure as that shown in fig. 4.
In addition, different stratum fracture simulation pipelines 11 can be connected through a multi-way connector 17, one end of each pipeline can be connected with the multi-way connector 17, the other end of each pipeline is connected with the first connecting tank 10 or the second connecting tank 12, and the two ends of each pipeline can be connected with the multi-way connector 17 so as to simulate a complex seam net. Fig. 5 shows a combination of the formation fracture simulation pipeline 11 and the multi-pass connector 17, and the combination of the two is not limited to the three shown in (a), (b) and (c), and may be any combination capable of communicating the first and second connection tanks and simulating a fracture.
In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the near-well distortion simulation pipeline 9 may be larger than the inner diameter of the formation fracture simulation pipeline 11, that is, the inner diameter of the near-well distortion simulation pipeline 9 is larger and the inner diameter of the formation fracture simulation pipeline 11 is smaller. The reason for this is: during actual fracturing, fracturing fluid in a near wellbore area is more concentrated, the width of a produced seam is larger, and the inner diameter of a near wellbore distortion simulation pipeline corresponding to the seam is correspondingly larger; the fracturing fluid continues to flow along the fractures, the fracturing fluid is gradually dispersed, the fractures are more complex, the width of each fracture is correspondingly reduced, and the inner diameter of the stratum fracture simulation pipeline corresponding to each fracture is correspondingly smaller.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the inlet of the low pressure pipeline 13 may be divided into two parts, which are respectively connected to the first connecting tank 10 and the second connecting tank 12, the two parts may be respectively provided with the first regulating valve 14 and the second regulating valve 15, the two parts may be merged at one position, and the outlet thereof may be connected to the water tank 1.
At the time of simulation, the second regulating valve 15 may be closed while the first regulating valve 14 is opened, ensuring that the fluid passes through the near-well tortuosity simulation pipeline 9 and the formation fracture simulation pipeline 11 simultaneously. It is also possible to open the second regulator valve 15 while closing the first regulator valve 14, ensuring that the fluid only passes through the near-well tortuosity simulation line 9.
In the embodiment, the near-well torsion simulation pipeline 9 and the main tank 5 and the first connecting tank 10 can be in threaded connection.
The formation fracture simulation pipeline 11 and the first connecting tank 10 and the second connecting tank 12 can be connected through threads. The formation fracture simulation pipeline 11 and the multi-way connector 17 can also be in threaded connection.
In this embodiment, fig. 6 (a) shows an elevation view of the first and second connection tanks in connected relation to a string of formation fracture simulation pipelines, and as shown in (a), a formation fracture may be simulated by a string of longitudinally parallel pipelines between the first connection tank 10 and the second connection tank 12.
Fig. 6 (b) shows a top view of the first and second connecting tanks in a connecting relationship with a plurality of columns of formation fracture simulation pipelines, and 5 columns of parallel pipelines are provided for simulating 5 fractures as shown in (b), and each column of parallel pipelines can be used for simulating one fracture.
FIG. 6 (c) is a top view of the first and second connector tanks, the multi-string formation fracture simulation pipeline, and the plurality of multi-pass connectors in connected relation. Can use the connector 17 that leads to more and connect each pipeline through a certain mode, simulate complicated seam net, the connected mode is not fixed, and the connection principle is: connecting lines are added through the multi-way connector 17 to communicate with each of the main slits and to add complexity to the fluid flow path through the connections. Of course, each row of longitudinally parallel pipelines can be connected through a multi-way connector.
When the device is used for carrying out experiments, 1 or more cracks or complex seam nets can be selected and simulated according to the experiment requirements.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method for simulating complex fracture state and sand blocking of an underground stratum.
In one exemplary embodiment of the downhole complex fracture status and sand plugging simulation method of the invention, the method may comprise the steps of: the underground stratum complex fracture state and sand blocking simulation device is adopted for simulation.
In another exemplary embodiment of the downhole complex fracture status and sand plugging simulation method of the present invention, the simulation method may comprise the steps of:
the water is mixed with the proppant uniformly and forms a fluid for simulation. The step can be realized by the liquid preparation unit in the exemplary embodiment of the underground complex stratum fracture state and sand blocking simulation device.
The formed fluid is transferred to a first reservoir unit. Wherein this step can be achieved by means of a pipeline, such as a high pressure pipeline.
The fluid in the first reservoir unit is flowed into a number of first simulation lines capable of simulating near-well fracture distortion.
Flowing fluid in the first plurality of simulated lines into a second reservoir unit; the fluid in the second reservoir unit is flowed into a simulated tubing assembly capable of simulating formation fractures and including a plurality of second simulated tubing lines, or a plurality of second simulated tubing lines and a plurality of multi-way subs capable of being used in combination with all or a portion of the plurality of second simulated tubing lines.
The fluid in the analog line assembly is flowed into a third reservoir unit.
In this embodiment, the first simulation pipeline, the second simulation pipeline, the first storage unit, the second storage unit, and the third storage unit may be the same as the mechanisms or components with the same names in the exemplary embodiment of the downhole formation complex fracture state and sand blocking simulation device.
In this embodiment, the method may further include the steps of: the flow rate of the fluid in the high-pressure line is measured by a flow meter provided on the high-pressure line.
In this embodiment, the method may further include the steps of: measuring a pressure within at least one of the first, second and third reservoir units. This step may be performed using the first, second, and third pressure monitoring assemblies of the exemplary embodiments of the downhole formation complex fracture status and sand plugging simulation apparatus described above.
In summary, the device and method for simulating the complex fracture state and sand plugging of the underground stratum provided by the invention have the advantages that:
(1) the method can provide qualitative conclusion and quantitative parameter optimization for shale reservoir reconstruction design and field construction, reduce the occurrence probability of construction complex conditions, increase the reconstruction SRV and the gas leakage area, and improve the yield-increase multiple ratio to the maximum extent.
(2) Aiming at shale reservoir transformation, the method can more accurately simulate the hydraulic fracture form, namely a complex artificial fracture or a simple artificial fracture; the functions of the proppant and the fracturing fluid such as migration, sedimentation, track morphology and the like in the underground can be evaluated.
(3) The method can effectively evaluate the near-well distortion phenomenon, guide the conditions of abnormal construction pressure and the like of the reservoir transformation fracturing site, and provide theoretical foundation support for construction commanders.
(4) The method can simulate the complex hydraulic fracture network for reservoir reconstruction, can realize hydraulic fracture functions with different angles and different complexity, obtains the real form as close to the formation hydraulic fracture as possible, and provides effective guidance for shale reservoir reconstruction.
(5) The method can evaluate the hydraulic fracture extension and the proppant migration shapes under the conditions of natural fractures with different shapes in the fracturing modification process; the influences of different construction parameters on the effective supporting volume, the proppant migration distance and the like can be evaluated; meanwhile, adaptability evaluation can be carried out on different proppants.
(6) The invention can simulate evaluation experiments of different seam widths, vertical, horizontal or irregular cracks, different construction parameters, different well entering materials and the like of a complex seam network, can quantitatively guide field construction command, evaluate the transformation effect in the vertical direction, avoid complex conditions such as sand blockage and the like, realize acceleration and efficiency improvement development and achieve the aims of cost reduction and efficiency improvement to a certain extent.
(7) The method can evaluate the construction pressure abnormity, such as evaluating various conditions causing the construction pressure abnormity in the reservoir transformation process, and is beneficial to forming a modular quantitative guidance scheme and an effective processing suggestion which are suitable for a development block.
(8) The invention can realize simulation of multi-angle, transparence, visualization and the like.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for simulating complex fracture state and sand blocking of a downhole stratum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing water and proppant uniformly and forming a fluid for simulation;
transferring the formed fluid into a first reservoir unit;
flowing fluid in a first reservoir unit into a number of first simulation lines capable of simulating near-well fracture distortion;
flowing fluid in the first plurality of simulated lines into a second reservoir unit;
flowing the fluid in the second reservoir unit into a simulated tubing line assembly, the simulated tubing line assembly capable of simulating a formation fracture and comprising a plurality of second simulated tubing lines, or comprising a plurality of second simulated tubing lines and a plurality of multi-way joints, the plurality of multi-way joints capable of being used in combination with all or part of the plurality of second simulated tubing lines;
the fluid in the analog line assembly is flowed into a third reservoir unit.
2. The downhole subterranean complex fracture state and sand plugging simulation method of claim 1, wherein the step of transferring the formed fluid to a first reservoir unit comprises: transferring the formed fluid through a high pressure line into a first reservoir unit;
the method further comprises the steps of: the flow rate of the fluid in the high pressure line is measured.
3. A downhole formation complex fracture status and sand plugging simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the first, second and third reservoir units are all tank structures, the method further comprising the steps of: measuring a pressure within at least one of the first, second and third reservoir units.
4. A downhole subterranean complex fracture status and sand plugging simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the step of mixing water and proppant uniformly and forming a fluid for simulation comprises: uniformly mixing the water and the proppant through a water tank with a stirrer arranged inside and forming the fluid for simulation;
the method further comprises the steps of: flowing fluid from the second and/or third reservoir into the tank.
5. A downhole formation complex fracture status and sand plugging simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the first simulation pipeline comprises a straight pipe or a special pipe, and the second simulation pipeline also comprises a straight pipe or a special pipe.
6. A downhole formation complex fracture state and sand blocking simulation device is characterized by comprising: a liquid distribution unit, a first connecting pipeline, a power unit, a second connecting pipeline, a first storage unit, a near-well distortion simulation unit, a second storage unit, a formation fracture simulation unit and a third storage unit which are connected in sequence along the flowing direction of fluid,
the liquid preparation unit can mix water and proppant to form a fluid for simulation;
the power unit can transmit the fluid formed by the liquid preparation unit to the first storage unit through the first connecting pipeline and the second connecting pipeline;
the first reservoir unit is capable of storing fluid transmitted by the power unit;
the near-well fracture simulation unit comprises a plurality of first simulation pipelines capable of simulating near-well fracture distortion, and each first simulation pipeline is capable of receiving and circulating fluid in the first storage unit;
the second storage unit can store the fluid flowing in through the plurality of first simulation pipelines;
the stratum fracture simulation unit comprises a simulation pipeline assembly capable of simulating stratum fractures, the simulation pipeline assembly can receive and circulate fluid in the second storage unit, the simulation pipeline assembly comprises a plurality of second simulation pipelines or comprises a plurality of second simulation pipelines and a plurality of multi-way joints, and the plurality of multi-way joints can be used in combination with all or part of the plurality of second simulation pipelines;
a third reservoir unit is capable of storing fluid flowing in through the analog line assembly.
7. A downhole formation complex fracture status and sand plugging simulation device according to claim 6, further comprising a third connecting line capable of receiving and circulating fluid in the second and/or second reservoir unit.
8. The downhole formation complex fracture conditions and sand plugging simulation device of claim 6, wherein the power unit comprises a pump.
9. The downhole formation complex fracture status and sand plugging simulation device of claim 6, further comprising a flow meter disposed on the second connecting line to measure the flow rate of the fluid in the second connecting line.
10. A downhole formation complex fracture regime and sand plugging simulation device according to claim 6, wherein the first, second and third reservoir units are all tank structures, the device further comprising a pressure monitoring unit comprising at least one of the first, second and third pressure monitoring assemblies, wherein,
the first pressure monitoring assembly is capable of monitoring pressure within the first reservoir unit;
the second pressure monitoring assembly is capable of monitoring the pressure within the second reservoir unit;
the third pressure monitoring assembly is capable of monitoring a pressure within the third reservoir unit.
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