CN111040739B - Low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material, a preparation method and application, comprising the following steps: NaNO3、KNO3、NaNO2、KNO2And LiNO3Five single-component salts. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material provided by the invention adopts multi-element molten salt to mix to form eutectic composite molten salt, has the heat transfer performance of molten nitrate, lower melting point and low corrosivity, the melting point is about 80 ℃, and the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material can not generate salt climbing (a capillary phenomenon of molten salt with higher viscosity at high temperature) and has lower viscosity when being used at the high temperature of 500 ℃ for a long time; compared with binary Solar Salt nitrate, the eutectic composite molten Salt prepared by the invention has the melting point lower than that of binary Solar Salt nitrate by about 140 ℃, the melting point lower than that of ternary Hitec Salt nitrate by about 60 ℃, the application temperature range is wider than 75 ℃, and the eutectic composite molten Salt is added with Ca (NO)3)2The series of fused salts have lower viscosity, and can be widely applied to the fields of photo-thermal power generation, heat storage and supply, industrial waste heat recovery and the like as high-temperature heat storage and transfer media.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photo-thermal energy storage, in particular to a low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material, a preparation method and application.
Background
With the rapid growth of industrial development and energy consumption, the problems of energy safety and environmental pollution become increasingly serious. In order to change an energy development mode, adjust an energy structure and achieve the aims of energy conservation and emission reduction, clean energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy and the like are greatly developed in China, but the problems of intermittency, instability and the like exist in new energy sources, and the storage, transmission and conversion of heat in a new energy source system are one of key technologies for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system. The heat storage and transfer medium used in the fields of industrial heat storage and photovoltaic power generation mainly comprises air, water, heat conduction oil, molten salt and the like, and the molten salt has the advantages of wide source, low price, low corrosivity, high heat storage density, low system pressure and the like, and is widely applied in the fields of industrial heat storage and photovoltaic power generation.
The molten Salt system for heat storage and transfer mainly comprises binary Solar Salt molten Salt (40% KNO)3-60％NaNO3Working temperature range of 290-565 ℃) and ternary Hitec Salt nitrate system (KNO)3-NaNO3-NaNO2And the working temperature ranges from 200 ℃ to 538 ℃). Wherein the solidification point of the binary nitrate is 238 ℃, the system heat preservation operation and maintenance cost is high, the molten salt system is easy to solidify, the phenomenon of 'freezing blockage' occurs, and the system equipment is damaged. The existing ternary Hitec Salt nitrate has a low melting point (142 ℃) and a low upper use temperature (535 ℃). At present, a great deal of research work is carried out on low-melting-point molten salt, and the publication numbers are CN105524596A, CN105018045A, CN105567176A, CN105400498A and CN10538540A and N105199678A disclose multi-element low melting point mixed molten salts which, while having the advantage of low melting point, contain Ca (NO) in these formulations3)2And Ca (NO)3)2The self-absorption of moisture is easy, the viscosity is high, the high-temperature thermal stability is poor, the fluidity of the fused salt is poor, local high-temperature deterioration is easy to cause, and system components are damaged.
In conclusion, the development of the molten salt with low melting point, high upper limit use temperature and low viscosity is of great significance to the medium-high temperature heat transfer and storage system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material, a preparation method and application.
The low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material comprises: NaNO3、KNO3、NaNO2、KNO2And LiNO3Five single-component salts; the five single-component salts comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 15 to 25 wt% NaNO3、0～15wt％KNO3、15～25wt％NaNO2、35～45wt％KNO2And 10 to 20wt% of LiNO3。
Preferably, the five single-component salts are calculated by weight percentage, and the components of the preferred single-component salts are as follows: 19 to 22wt% NaNO3、0～12wt％KNO3、15～21wt％NaNO2、35～42wt％KNO2And 10 to 20wt% of LiNO3。
Preferably, the melting point of the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material is less than 100 ℃.
Preferably, the decomposition temperature of the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material is more than 550 ℃.
The preparation method of the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material comprises the following steps:
1) adding NaNO3、KNO3、NaNO2、KNO2And LiNO3Respectively putting the five single-component salts into a mortar for grinding and crushing to enable the particle diameter to be smaller than 1mm, and obtaining powder;
2) putting the powder of the five single-component salts obtained in the step 1) into a muffle furnace for drying, removing water in the powder, taking out the powder, cooling, and grinding the powder to 50-200 meshes to obtain anhydrous single-component salts;
3) 15 to 25 wt% of NaNO3、0～15wt％KNO3、15～25wt％NaNO2、35～45wt％KNO2And 10 to 20wt% of LiNO3Weighing the proportioned anhydrous single-component salt, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain mixed salt;
4) and (3) putting the mixed salt obtained in the step 3) into a muffle furnace for melting to obtain uniform molten salt, cooling the uniform molten salt to room temperature, and grinding the uniform molten salt to 50-200 meshes to obtain the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material.
Preferably, the preferable weight percentages in the step 3) are as follows: 19 to 22wt% NaNO3、0～12wt％KNO3、15～21wt％NaNO2、35～42wt％KNO2And 10 to 20wt% of LiNO3。
Preferably, the drying temperature in the step 2) is 120-180 ℃, and the drying time is 10-15 h.
Preferably, the melting temperature in the step 4) is 180-300 ℃, and the melting time is 10-15 h.
The low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material is applied to high-temperature heat storage and/or heat transfer media in the fields of photo-thermal power generation, heat storage and supply and industrial waste heat recovery.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material provided by the invention adopts multi-element molten salt to mix to form eutectic composite molten salt, has the heat transfer performance of molten nitrate salt, lower melting point and low corrosivity, the melting point is about 80 ℃, and salt climbing (a capillary phenomenon of molten salt with higher viscosity at high temperature) cannot occur after long-term use at the high temperature of 500 ℃ and the viscosity is lower.
(2) Compared with binary Solar Salt nitrate, the eutectic composite molten Salt prepared by the invention has the melting point lower than that of binary Solar Salt nitrate by about 140 ℃, the melting point lower than that of ternary Hitec Salt nitrate by about 60 ℃, the application temperature range is wider than 75 ℃, and the eutectic composite molten Salt is added with Ca (NO)3)2A series of molten salts, havingThe molten salt has lower viscosity, and can be widely applied to the fields of photo-thermal power generation, heat storage and supply, industrial waste heat recovery and the like as a high-temperature heat storage and transfer medium.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a DSC chart of a low melting point molten salt prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a TG plot of a low melting point molten salt prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a DSC plot of a low melting point molten salt prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a TG plot of a low melting point molten salt prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a DSC plot of a low melting point molten salt prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a TG plot of a low melting point molten salt prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a DSC plot of a low melting point molten salt prepared in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a TG plot of a low melting point molten salt prepared in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the step cooling curves of the low melting point molten salts prepared in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are set forth merely to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make several modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and all changes that are equivalent to the technical aspects of the present invention (for example, NaNO is added)3、KNO2Equivalent transformation to NaNO2、KNO3) Such improvements and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
The low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material comprises: NaNO3、KNO3、NaNO2、KNO2And LiNO3Five single-component salts; the five single-component salts comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 15 to 25 wt% NaNO3、0～15wt％KNO3、15～25wt％NaNO2、35～45wt％KNO2And 10 to 20wt% of LiNO3. The five single-component salts are calculated according to weight percentage, and the preferred components of the single-component salt are as follows: 19 to 22wt% NaNO3、0～12wt％KNO3、15～21wt％NaNO2、35～42wt％KNO2And 10 to 20wt% of LiNO3. The melting point of the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material is less than 100 ℃. The decomposition temperature of the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material is more than 550 ℃.
Example 1
The present example provides a low melting point molten salt heat storage material, and the composition and content of single component salt are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 salt ratios of the components in examples 1 to 4
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the five single-component salts into a mortar, respectively crushing and grinding the five single-component salts to enable the particle diameter to be less than 1mm, then putting the single-component salts into a muffle furnace at 150 ℃ for heat preservation for 12 hours to remove water in the single-component salts, taking the single-component salts out, cooling the single-component salts, and grinding the single-component salts to 50-200 meshes to obtain anhydrous single-component salts;
(2) weighing the anhydrous single-component salt, mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed salt, putting the mixed salt into a 200 ℃ muffle furnace, preserving heat for 12 hours, melting to obtain uniform molten salt, cooling to room temperature, and grinding the uniform molten salt to 50-200 meshes to obtain a final product.
The DSC test shows that the melting point of the low-melting-point molten salt is 84.2 ℃ and the latent heat of phase change is 122.2J/g, which is shown in figure 1 and is determined by analysis. And (3) obtaining a graph 2 by TG analysis, wherein the weight loss of the sample within 200 ℃ is caused by the volatilization of water in the sample, and the weight loss phenomenon does not occur at 200-550 ℃, which shows that the decomposition temperature of the low-melting-point molten salt is greater than 550 ℃, so that the upper limit temperature of the low-melting-point molten salt is greater than 550 ℃. The curve of the embodiment 1 in fig. 9 is obtained through a step cooling curve test, and analysis shows that the low-melting-point molten salt has a constant temperature platform in the cooling process, and the starting solidification temperature of the low-melting-point molten salt is 78.9 ℃ (the test data of the melting point and the solidification point of the molten salt can guide engineering work such as heat preservation/heat tracing and the like in the heat storage and transfer process of the molten salt).
Example 2
The present example provides a low melting point molten salt heat storage material, and the composition and content of single component salt are shown in table 1. The preparation method of the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material provided by the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.
FIG. 3 is obtained by DSC test, and the melting point of the low-melting-point molten salt is 82.4 ℃ and the latent heat of phase change is 123.2J/g through analysis. And (3) obtaining a graph 4 by TG analysis, wherein the weight loss of the sample within 200 ℃ is caused by the volatilization of water in the sample, and the weight loss phenomenon does not occur at 200-550 ℃, which shows that the decomposition temperature of the low-melting-point molten salt is greater than 550 ℃, so that the upper limit temperature of the low-melting-point molten salt is greater than 550 ℃. The curve of the embodiment 2 in fig. 9 is obtained through a step cooling curve test, and analysis shows that the low-melting-point molten salt has a constant temperature platform in the cooling process, and the solidification starting temperature of the low-melting-point molten salt is 92 ℃.
Example 3
The present example provides a low melting point molten salt heat storage material, and the composition and content of single component salt are shown in table 1. The preparation method of the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material provided by the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.
FIG. 5 is obtained by DSC test, and the melting point of the low-melting-point molten salt is 90.6 ℃ and the latent heat of phase change is 87.46J/g through analysis. And (3) obtaining a graph 6 by TG analysis, wherein the weight loss of the sample within 200 ℃ is caused by the volatilization of water in the sample, and the weight loss phenomenon does not occur at 200-550 ℃, which shows that the decomposition temperature of the low-melting-point molten salt is greater than 550 ℃, so that the upper limit temperature of the low-melting-point molten salt is greater than 550 ℃. The curve of the embodiment 3 in fig. 9 is obtained through a step cooling curve test, and analysis shows that the low-melting-point molten salt has a constant temperature platform in the cooling process, and the solidification starting temperature of the low-melting-point molten salt is 96.8 ℃.
Example 4
The present example provides a low melting point molten salt heat storage material, and the composition and content of single component salt are shown in table 1. The preparation method of the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material provided by the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.
FIG. 7 is obtained by DSC test, and the melting point of the low-melting-point molten salt is 89.8 ℃ and the latent heat of phase change is 87.78J/g by analysis. And (3) obtaining a graph 8 by TG analysis, wherein the weight loss of the sample within 200 ℃ is caused by the volatilization of water in the sample, and the weight loss phenomenon does not occur at 200-550 ℃, which indicates that the decomposition temperature of the low-melting-point molten salt is greater than 550 ℃, so that the upper limit temperature of the low-melting-point molten salt is greater than 550 ℃. The curve of the embodiment 4 in fig. 9 is obtained through a step cooling curve test, and analysis shows that the low-melting-point molten salt has a constant temperature platform in the cooling process, and the solidification starting temperature of the low-melting-point molten salt is 93.5 ℃.
Viscosity test experiment
The molten salts prepared in the examples 1 to 4 are kept at the high temperature of 500 ℃ for a long time of 500 hours without the phenomenon of salt climbing (the capillary phenomenon of the molten salt with high viscosity at the high temperature), which shows that the formula of the invention has lower viscosity.
Claims (5)
1. A low melting point molten salt heat storage material, comprising: NaNO3、KNO3、NaNO2、KNO2And LiNO3Five single-component salts; the five single-component salts comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 15 to 25 wt% NaNO3、0～15 wt%KNO3、15～25 wt%NaNO2、35～45 wt%KNO2And 10 to 20wt% of LiNO3(ii) a The melting point of the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material is less than 100 ℃, and the decomposition temperature of the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material is more than 550 ℃.
2. A low melting point molten salt heat storage material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the five single-component salts comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 19 to 22wt% NaNO3、0～12wt%KNO3、15～21wt%NaNO2、35～42wt%KNO2And 10 to 20wt% of LiNO3。
3. A method for preparing a low melting point molten salt heat storage material as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) adding NaNO3、KNO3、NaNO2、KNO2And LiNO3Respectively putting the five single-component salts into a mortar for grinding and crushing until the particle diameter is less than 1mm to obtain powder;
2) putting the powder of the five single-component salts obtained in the step 1) into a muffle furnace for drying, removing water in the powder, taking out the powder, cooling, and grinding the powder to 50-200 meshes to obtain anhydrous single-component salts; the drying temperature is 120-180 ℃, and the drying time is 10-15 h;
3) 15 to 25 wt% of NaNO3、0～15 wt %KNO3、15～25 wt %NaNO2、35～45 wt %KNO2And 10 to 20wt% of LiNO3Weighing the proportioned anhydrous single-component salt, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain mixed salt;
4) putting the mixed salt obtained in the step 3) into a muffle furnace for melting to obtain uniform molten salt, cooling the uniform molten salt to room temperature, and grinding the uniform molten salt to 50-200 meshes to obtain a low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material; the melting temperature is 180-300 ℃, and the melting time is 10-15 h.
4. The preparation method of the low melting point molten salt heat storage material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the weight percentage in step 3) is as follows: 19 to 22wt% NaNO3、0～12wt%KNO3、15～21wt%NaNO2、35～42wt%KNO2And 10 to 20wt% of LiNO3。
5. The application of the low-melting-point molten salt heat storage material as claimed in claim 1 as a medium and high-temperature heat storage and/or transfer medium in the fields of photo-thermal power generation, heat storage and supply and industrial waste heat recovery.
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| CN111995990B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2021-10-15 | 华北电力大学 | Multi-element molten salt with melting point close to room temperature and preparation method thereof |
| CN112143463A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-29 | 中盐金坛盐化有限责任公司 | Nitric acid nano molten salt heat transfer and storage medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN112143464A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-29 | 中盐金坛盐化有限责任公司 | Nitrate system molten salt heat transfer and storage medium and preparation method thereof |
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