CN111037099B - Laser welding method and system for end faces of copper and alloy plates of copper with different thicknesses - Google Patents
Laser welding method and system for end faces of copper and alloy plates of copper with different thicknesses Download PDFInfo
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- CN111037099B CN111037099B CN201911414269.3A CN201911414269A CN111037099B CN 111037099 B CN111037099 B CN 111037099B CN 201911414269 A CN201911414269 A CN 201911414269A CN 111037099 B CN111037099 B CN 111037099B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser welding method and a laser welding system for end faces of copper and copper alloy plates with different thicknesses, and relates to the technical field of welding. The method comprises the following steps: performing sine swing welding on end faces to be welded of the first plate and the second plate by using laser beams, wherein the thicknesses of the first plate and the second plate are unequal, and setting the power, the swing amplitude and the swing frequency of the laser beams according to the thicknesses of the first plate and the second plate to obtain a smooth transition welding seam; the motion track of the laser beam during sinusoidal oscillation is Y ═ Asin (X + phi); the power of the laser beam is gradually reduced along the weld joint towards the first sheet material and the second sheet material respectively. The welding device can stably weld copper plates and alloy plates thereof with different thicknesses, ensure that the end faces are fully paved, and the welding seams on the surfaces are smoothly transited. In addition, the system provided by the application can realize the welding method, so that the copper and the alloy plates thereof with different thicknesses can be stably welded, the surface of the welding seam is smoothly transited, and the inside of the welding seam is U-shaped.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a laser welding method and a laser welding system for end faces of copper and alloy plates of copper with different thicknesses.
Background
The laser welding technology is one of key technologies in engineering manufacturing process, and is widely applied to industrial production of electronics, chemical engineering, automobiles and the like due to the outstanding advantages of high energy density, high welding speed, large depth-to-width ratio of a welding seam, good joint performance, small deformation of a welding structure and the like. However, the above advantages are greatly reduced when welding metals with high reflectivity and good thermal conductivity, such as copper and its alloys, by laser, and the conventional welding method for copper alloys, except TIG welding, MIG welding and brazing, greatly limits the welding efficiency of copper alloys and reduces the welding performance. The existing green laser utilizes laser of green light wave band to increase the absorptivity of copper and alloy, thereby improving the welding quality of laser welding copper and alloy, but because of the problem of equipment capability, only 1-2mm copper sheets can be welded by adopting a stitch welding method at present, the welding requirement of the electronic and new energy industry on copper and alloy in the rapid development process can not be met and adapted, besides the requirement of the thickness of the welded copper and alloy is increased, the welding complexity is increased by welding with different thicknesses and an end face connection mode, and meanwhile, the welding quality with higher requirements on the conductivity and the mechanical property of an end face joint is improved.
Therefore, the prior art lacks an effective end face welding method for copper and its alloys.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser welding method for end faces of copper and alloy plates thereof with different thicknesses, which can stably weld the end faces of the copper and alloy plates thereof with different thicknesses, ensure that the end faces are fully paved, the surfaces of welding seams are transited smoothly, and the interior of the welding seams is U-shaped.
The invention aims to provide a laser welding system for end faces of copper and copper alloy plates with different thicknesses, which can realize the welding method, so that the end faces of the copper and copper alloy plates with different thicknesses can be stably welded, and a weld joint with smooth surface transition and U-shaped inside is obtained.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, an embodiment provides a laser welding method for end faces of copper and its alloy plates with different thicknesses, which includes:
performing sine swing welding on the end surfaces to be welded of the first plate and the second plate by using laser beams;
the thicknesses of the first plate and the second plate are unequal, and the power, the swing amplitude and the swing frequency of the laser beam are set according to the thicknesses of the first plate and the second plate to obtain a welding seam with smooth surface transition and U-shaped inside;
the movement track of the laser beam during sinusoidal oscillation is
The motion track is parallel to the welding direction and deviates negatively from B ═ T2-T1)/2 along the vertical direction of the welding seam (T1 < T2);
y is the distance between the laser beam and the middle of the first plate and the second plate, and Y-B is the distance between the laser beam and the center of the weld joint;
a is the average swing amplitude of the laser beam, and the value of the average swing amplitude is the average value of the thicknesses of the first plate material and the second plate material, namely a is (T1+ T2)/2, T1 is the thickness of the first plate material, and T2 is the thickness of the second plate material;
x is the vertical distance between the laser beam and the starting position in the welding direction, wherein X is 2 pi ft, f is the swing frequency of the laser beam, and t is time;
the power of the laser beam is gradually reduced towards the first plate and the second plate along the center of the welding seam.
In an alternative embodiment, the laser beam is a red band laser or a green band laser.
In an alternative embodiment, when the laser beam is a red band laser, the spot mode of the laser beam is a double spot;
preferably, the double light spots comprise an outer ring laser for heating the first plate and the second plate and a circle center laser for welding.
In an optional embodiment, the maximum power of the laser beam is set according to the thicknesses of the first plate and the second plate and the penetration depth required to be obtained, the power of the outer ring laser is 20-35% of the maximum power, and the power of the center laser is linearly changed in multiple stages along with the movement track of the laser beam.
In an alternative embodiment, the motion trajectory is based on
The power of the laser at the center of the circle is set,
when Y is (T2-T1)/2(T1 < T2), the power of the center laser at the X position is 100% of the maximum power;
when Y is-T1/2 or T2/2, the power of the circle center laser at the X position is 40-60% of the maximum power;
when Y is +/- (T1+ T2)/2, the power of the center laser at the X position is 25-30% of the maximum power;
and taking the points meeting the values as power reference points, linearly connecting any two adjacent power reference points, and linearly changing the power of the points corresponding to the rest X and Y values according to the slope of the corresponding connecting line.
In an alternative embodiment, the power of the laser beam is 1-10 kw; preferably, the maximum power of the laser beam is 5-10 kw.
In an alternative embodiment, the amplitude of oscillation of the laser beam is 1-10 mm.
In an alternative embodiment, the laser beam has a wobble frequency of 50-500 Hz; preferably, the oscillation frequency of the laser beam is 80-200 Hz.
In a second aspect, the embodiment provides a laser welding system for end faces of copper and copper alloy plates with different thicknesses, which comprises a laser welding mechanism and a control system,
the laser welding mechanism comprises a laser welding head, the control system is provided with a laser power control mechanism and a swing control mechanism, the control system is respectively in communication connection with the laser power control mechanism and the swing control mechanism, and the laser power control mechanism and the swing control mechanism are respectively and electrically connected with the laser welding head.
In an optional embodiment, the laser welding mechanism further includes a sensor for detecting a penetration change during a welding process, and the sensor is disposed on the laser welding head and is in communication with the control system.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a laser welding method for end faces of copper and alloy plates thereof with different thicknesses, which aims at solving the welding problem in the laser welding of the end faces of the copper and alloy plates with different thicknesses, provides that high-power laser is adopted for swing welding, laser beam power, laser beam swing amplitude and swing frequency are set according to the thicknesses of a first plate and a second plate to be welded, and because the end face welding requires that the width of a welding seam needs to be fully paved, the end face welding method adopts
Presetting a laser beam motion track; because the welding seam is not on the central line due to the unequal thickness, the laser power is adjusted in the application to ensure that the laser beam is matched with the power at the welding position of the end faces of the copper plates and the alloy plates with unequal thickness, the highest energy is ensured to be in the center of the welding seam, the edge power is reduced to form a smoothly-transited end face welding joint, and meanwhile, the welding seam is in a U-shaped shape instead of a common I-shaped shape, so that good welding seam quality is obtained, and the problem of welding feasibility of the end faces with unequal thickness is solved through laser swing and power change.
By adopting the welding method, the end faces of copper and copper alloy plates with different thicknesses can be stably welded, the end faces are fully paved, the surface welding seams are smoothly transited, the welding seams are in a U shape, and the electrical conductivity can meet the set requirement. The laser welding system for the end faces of the unequal-degree copper and copper alloy plates can implement the method provided by the invention, and the system can stably complete the end face welding of the copper and copper alloy plates.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of end faces of copper and its alloy plates with different thicknesses (T1 is not equal to T2);
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of end faces of copper and copper alloy plates with different thicknesses at a joint;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of 2 laser beams;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of laser beam wobble;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of laser power variation with trajectory;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a post-weld cross-sectional profile;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the working flow of the laser welding system for the end surfaces of copper and copper alloy plates with different thicknesses according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 1-a first sheet material; 2-a second sheet material; 3-welding seams; 4-welding direction; 5-laser head motion track; 100-laser welding system of end faces of copper and copper alloy plates with different thicknesses; 110-a control system; 120-laser power control mechanism; 130-a swing control mechanism; 140-laser welding head; 210-circle center laser power variation curve; 220-outer ring laser power variation curve; 230-laser beam motion trajectory; 300-a laser beam; 301-center laser beam; 302-outer ring laser beam.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The application provides a laser welding method for end faces of copper plates and alloy plates thereof with different thicknesses, which comprises the following steps: and performing sine swing welding on the end surfaces to be welded of the first plate 1 and the second plate 2 by using laser beams.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the present application, laser welding is performed on copper and alloy plates thereof with different thicknesses, a first plate material 1 and a second plate material 2 are assembled before welding, and thicknesses of the first plate material 1 and the second plate material 2 are measured respectively, where the thickness of the first plate material 1 is T1, the thickness of the second plate material 2 is T2, where T1 is not equal to T2, and specifically, in this embodiment, T1 is smaller than T2.
The movement route of the laser head is set according to the thickness of the first plate 1 and the second plate 2, the movement track 5 of the laser head is parallel to the welding direction 4, and the laser head does not swing and directly moves along the movement track 5 of the laser head in the laser welding process.
In the present application, the power, the swing amplitude and the swing frequency of the laser beam 300 are set according to the thickness of the first sheet material 1 and the second sheet material 2 to obtain the weld 3 with smooth transition. Referring to FIG. 3, the laser beam 300 has a sinusoidal oscillation with a motion track of
The movement locus 5 of the laser head is parallel to the welding direction 4 and is negatively deviated from (T2-T1)/2(T1 < T2) along the direction perpendicular to the welding seam 3, and it should be understood that the welding direction 4 in the present application is the position of the gap to be welded formed when the first plate material 1 and the second plate material 2 are butted.
Wherein, Y is the distance between the laser beam and the first plate 1 and the second plate 2, and Y-B is the distance between the laser beam and the center of the weld seam 3 (since the finally formed weld seam 3 has a certain width, the center of the weld seam 3 is set as the position of the gap to be welded formed when the first plate 1 and the second plate 2 are butted).
A is the average swing amplitude of the laser beam, and the value of the average value of the thicknesses of the first plate material 1 and the second plate material 2, namely a is (T1+ T2)/2, T1 is the thickness of the first plate material 1, and T2 is the thickness of the second plate material 2; specifically, in the present embodiment, the amplitude of the oscillation of the laser beam 300 is 1 to 10 mm. It should be understood that the swing amplitude of the laser beam 300 may have other values for other thicknesses of the first plate material 1 and the second plate material 2.
X is the perpendicular distance of the laser beam from the start position in the welding direction 4, X is 2 pi ft, f is the oscillation frequency of the laser beam 300, and t is time;
is the phase at which the laser beam 300 starts,
specifically, the laser beam 300 is located at a position relative to the center of the weld 3. In this embodiment, the oscillation frequency of the laser beam 300 is 50 to 500 Hz; preferably, the oscillating frequency of the laser beam 300 is 80-200 Hz.
The power of the laser beam 300 is gradually reduced toward the first and second sheets 1 and 2 along the center of the weld 3.
It is worth to be noted that, in the present application, a to-be-welded gap between the first plate 1 and the second plate 2 is a central position of the weld joint 3, in the swing welding process, the laser beam moves towards the end surface of the first plate 1 or swings towards the end surface of the second plate 2 along the weld joint 3 to form a laser beam movement track 230, and the laser head moves along the laser head movement track 5 without swinging. Since the motion track of the swing welding is a sine curve in the present application, for clearly showing the motion process in the present application, the motion to the first plate 1 is a positive motion in the present application, and the motion to the second plate 2 is a negative motion in the present application.
The laser beam 300 is a red band laser or a green band laser. When the laser beam 300 is a red band laser, the spot mode of the laser beam 300 is a double spot.
Preferably, referring to fig. 4, the double spot includes an outer ring laser beam 302 for heating the first plate material 1 and the second plate material 2 and a center laser beam 301 for welding. Laser beam 300 is divided into 2 laser beams through the mode of laser shaping in this application, and wherein outer loop laser beam 302 plays the effect of preheating first panel 1 and second panel 2, and the welding of better solution common copper and its alloy board laser welding because of the heat conductivity is fabulous, and the reflectivity is high, to the difficult welding problem that characteristics such as red light wave band laser absorption rate is low exist, realizes the welding of thicker copper and its alloy board terminal surface. Through preheating, the absorption rate of the copper and the copper alloy plate to the laser in the red light wave band is greatly improved, and the laser welding quality is improved. And the circle center laser beam 301 can fully weld the first plate material 1 and the second plate material 2 by adopting larger power.
Further, the maximum power of the laser beam 300 is set according to the thickness of the first plate material 1 and the second plate material 2 and the required penetration depth, the power of the outer ring laser beam 302 is 20-35% of the maximum power, and the power of the circle center laser beam 301 is linearly changed in multiple stages along with the movement track of the laser beam 300.
Specifically, please refer to fig. 5, which shows the motion trajectory
The power of the center laser beam 301 is set,
when Y is (T2-T1)/2(T1 < T2), the power of the center laser beam 301 at the X position is 100% of the maximum power;
when Y is-T1/2 or T2/2, the power of the circle center laser beam 301 at the X position is 40-60% of the maximum power;
when Y is +/- (T1+ T2)/2, the power of the laser beam 301 at the center of the circle at the X position is 25-30% of the maximum power;
and taking the points meeting the values as power reference points, linearly connecting any two adjacent power reference points, and linearly changing the power of the points corresponding to the rest X and Y values according to the slope of the corresponding connecting line.
In the present application, the power of the center laser is adjusted to be the maximum when the center laser is close to the center of the weld joint 3, and then the power of the center laser beam 301 is gradually reduced when the center laser beam 300 swings towards the first plate 1 or the second plate 2, and when the laser beam 300 reaches the edge of the first plate 1 or the edge of the second plate 2, the power of the center laser beam 301 is the minimum, so that the power of the center laser beam 301 is substantially the same as that of the outer ring laser beam 302, and a better transition is achieved. It should be understood that in the present application, by controlling the power of the center laser beam 301 at several specific points, the power of the center laser beam 301 changes linearly with its corresponding connecting line when the laser beam 300 moves to other positions, so that the power of the center laser beam 301 changes linearly in multiple stages throughout the welding process.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the power of the laser beam 300 is in the range of approximately 1-10 kw; preferably, the maximum power of the laser beam 300 is 5-10 kw.
In addition, referring to fig. 7, the present application further provides a laser welding system 100 for implementing the end surfaces of copper and copper alloy plates with different thicknesses for the above welding method, which includes a laser welding mechanism and a control system 110, wherein the laser welding mechanism includes a laser welding head 140, the control system 110 is provided with a laser power control mechanism 120 and a swing control mechanism 130, the control system 110 is respectively in communication connection with the laser power control mechanism 120 and the swing control mechanism 130, and the laser power control mechanism 120 and the swing control mechanism 130 are respectively electrically connected with the laser welding head 140.
Preferably, the laser welding mechanism further comprises a sensor for detecting a change in penetration during the welding process, the sensor being disposed on the laser welding head 140 and communicatively coupled to the control system 110.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The laser welding method for the end surfaces of the copper and alloy plates with different thicknesses provided by the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
red copper with the thickness of 3mm and 5mm is used as a welding test piece, the welding position is an end face position, the welding depth is 4mm, and the length of a structural piece is 100 mm. Selecting 6000W of laser power according to the requirement of welding depth, setting the outer ring laser beam 302 to be 1200W, and setting the circle center laser beam 301 to be 6000W at 100%; the swing amplitude of the laser beam was set to 4mm and the swing frequency was set to 150Hz according to the thickness of the plate. Before welding, the movement path of the laser head is set according to the thickness of the first plate material 1 and the second plate material 2, the movement path is parallel to the welding direction 4 and is negatively deviated by 1mm along the vertical direction of the welding seam 3, and the movement track 230 of the laser beam moves according to Y-4 sin (300 pi t + 0.25).
In the welding process, the laser beam power is adjusted according to a laser beam motion track 230 to carry out a multi-line circle center laser power change curve 210 and an outer ring laser power change curve 220 so as to ensure that a circle center laser beam 301 is matched with the power at the welding position of the end faces of copper plates and alloy plates thereof with different thicknesses, the power of the circle center laser beam 301 is set according to the motion track Y of 4sin (300 pi t +0.25), the direction of Y moving towards the first plate 1 is set to be positive, and the direction of Y moving towards the second plate 2 is set to be negative.
That is, when Y is 1mm (i.e., when Y is at the position of weld 3), the power 6000W of the center laser beam 301 at the t position; when Y is equal to-1.5 or 2.5mm (namely Y is in the middle position of the first plate 1 or the second plate 2), the power of the laser beam 301 at the center of the t position is 3500W; when Y is ± 4mm (that is, when Y is at the edge position of the end face of the first plate 1 or the second plate 2), the power of the laser beam 301 at the center of the t position is 1800W, and the welding speed is 1.7m/min, thereby realizing one-time welding.
Example 2
Red copper with the thickness of 4mm and 8mm is used as a welding test piece, the welding position is an end face position, the welding depth is 5mm, and the length of a structural piece is 100 mm. Selecting 6500W of laser power according to the requirement of welding depth, setting 1200W of outer ring laser beam 302 and setting 100% of circle center laser beam 301 as 6000W; setting a laser swing amplitude of 6mm according to the thickness of the plate, setting a laser head movement path according to the thickness of the copper plate before welding, wherein the laser swing amplitude is parallel to a welding direction 4 and is negatively deviated by 2mm along the vertical direction of a welding seam 3, a laser beam movement track 230 moves according to Y & lt 6sin (400 pi t +0.34), the laser power is adjusted according to the laser beam movement track by a multi-line circle center laser power change curve 210 and an outer ring laser power change curve 220 in the welding process to ensure that the circle center laser beam 301 is matched with the power at the welding position of the end face of the copper plate with different thickness, setting the circle center laser beam 301 power according to the movement track Y & lt 6sin (400 pi t +0.34), setting the circle center laser beam 301 power of 6500W at the t position when Y & lt 2mm, setting the circle center laser beam 301 power of the t position 3000W at the t position when Y & lt 4mm, setting the circle center laser beam 301 power of the, when Y is +/-6 mm, the power of the laser beam 301 at the center of the t position is 1800W, the welding speed is 1.5m/min, and one-time welding is realized.
Example 3
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: brass different from that of example 1 was used as a welding test piece. The laser power is 5000W, and the laser oscillation frequency is 200 Hz.
In summary, the laser welding method for end faces of copper plates and alloy plates thereof with unequal thicknesses provided in the embodiments of the present invention provides that a high-power laser beam is used for swing welding, the swing amplitude, swing frequency and laser beam power of the laser beam 300 are respectively set according to the thicknesses of the first plate 1 and the second plate 2 to be welded, and the laser beam 300 is shaped by laser to form an outer ring laser beam 302 and a circle center laser beam 301, wherein the outer ring laser beam 302 has the function of preheating the first plate 1 and the second plate 2, the absorption rate of the copper plates and alloy plates thereof to the laser is greatly improved by preheating, the laser welding quality is improved, and the circle center laser beam 301 realizes welding of the first plate 1 and the second plate 2. Furthermore, in the present application, by changing the power of the center laser beam 301, the power of the position close to the weld joint 3 is large, and the power of the position farther from the weld joint 3 is smaller, and finally the position is consistent with the outer ring laser beam 302, so as to achieve better transition, such an arrangement can ensure that the laser beam 300 matches the power at the end face welding position of copper and its alloy plates with different thicknesses, ensure that the best energy is at the center position of the weld joint 3, and the edge power is reduced to form a smoothly-transitioned end face welding joint, and meanwhile, the shape of the weld joint 3 is similar to a U-shape (see fig. 6) rather than a common I-shape, thereby obtaining good quality of the weld joint 3. By adopting the welding method, copper and alloy with different thicknesses can be stably welded, the end face is ensured to be fully paved, the surface welding seam 3 is transited smoothly, the welding seam 3 is in a U shape, and the conductivity can reach the set requirement.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A laser welding method for end faces of copper plates with different thicknesses is characterized by comprising the following steps:
performing sine swing welding on the end surfaces to be welded of the first plate and the second plate by using laser beams; in the laser welding process, the laser head does not swing and directly moves along the motion track of the laser head;
the thicknesses of the first plate and the second plate are unequal, and the power, the swing amplitude and the swing frequency of the laser beam are set according to the thicknesses of the first plate and the second plate to obtain a welding seam with smooth surface transition and U-shaped inside;
the movement track of the laser beam during sinusoidal oscillation is
The motion track of the laser head is parallel to the welding direction and is negatively deviated from B = (T2-T1)/2 along the vertical direction of the welding seam, (T1 < T2);
y is the distance between the laser beam and the middle of the first plate and the second plate, and Y-B is the distance between the laser beam and the center of the weld joint; the movement to the first plate is taken as positive movement, and the movement to the second plate is taken as negative movement;
a is the average swing amplitude of the laser beam, and the value of the average swing amplitude is the average value of the thicknesses of the first plate material and the second plate material, namely A = (T1+ T2)/2, T1 is the thickness of the first plate material, and T2 is the thickness of the second plate material;
x is the vertical distance between the laser beam and the starting position in the welding direction, X =2 pi ft, f is the swing frequency of the laser beam, and t is time;
the power of the laser beam is gradually reduced towards the directions of the first plate and the second plate along the center position of the welding seam;
the laser beam is red light wave band laser; the light spot mode of the laser beam is double light spots;
the double light spots comprise outer ring lasers for heating the first plate and the second plate and circle center lasers for welding;
setting the maximum power of the laser beam according to the thicknesses of the first plate and the second plate and the penetration depth required to be obtained, wherein the power of the outer ring laser is 20-35% of the maximum power, and the power of the circle center laser is subjected to multi-stage linear change along with the movement track of the laser beam;
according to the motion track
The power of the laser at the center of the circle is set,
when Y = (T2-T1)/2(T1 < T2), the power of the center laser at the X position is 100% of the maximum power;
when Y = -T1/2 or T2/2, the power of the center laser at the X position is 40-60% of the maximum power;
when Y = ± (T1+ T2)/2, the power of the center laser at the X position is 25-30% of the maximum power;
and taking the points meeting the values as power reference points, linearly connecting any two adjacent power reference points, and linearly changing the power of the points corresponding to the rest X and Y values according to the slope of the corresponding connecting line.
2. The laser welding method for the end faces of copper plates of unequal thicknesses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power of the laser beam is 1 to 10 kw.
3. The laser welding method for the end faces of copper plates of unequal thicknesses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the maximum power of the laser beam is 5-10 kw.
4. The laser welding method for the end faces of copper plates of unequal thicknesses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oscillation amplitude of the laser beam is 1 to 10 mm.
5. The laser welding method for the end faces of copper plates of unequal thicknesses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oscillation frequency of the laser beam is 50-500 Hz.
6. The laser welding method for the end faces of copper plates of unequal thicknesses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oscillation frequency of the laser beam is 80-200 Hz.
7. A laser welding method for end faces of copper alloy plates with different thicknesses is characterized by comprising the following steps:
performing sine swing welding on the end surfaces to be welded of the first plate and the second plate by using laser beams; in the laser welding process, the laser head does not swing and directly moves along the motion track of the laser head;
the thicknesses of the first plate and the second plate are unequal, and the power, the swing amplitude and the swing frequency of the laser beam are set according to the thicknesses of the first plate and the second plate to obtain a welding seam with smooth surface transition and U-shaped inside;
the movement track of the laser beam during sinusoidal oscillation is
The motion track of the laser head is parallel to the welding direction and is negatively deviated from B = (T2-T1)/2 along the vertical direction of the welding seam, (T1 < T2);
y is the distance between the laser beam and the middle of the first plate and the second plate, and Y-B is the distance between the laser beam and the center of the weld joint; the movement to the first plate is taken as positive movement, and the movement to the second plate is taken as negative movement;
a is the average swing amplitude of the laser beam, and the value of the average swing amplitude is the average value of the thicknesses of the first plate material and the second plate material, namely A = (T1+ T2)/2, T1 is the thickness of the first plate material, and T2 is the thickness of the second plate material;
x is the vertical distance between the laser beam and the starting position in the welding direction, X =2 pi ft, f is the swing frequency of the laser beam, and t is time;
the power of the laser beam is gradually reduced towards the directions of the first plate and the second plate along the center position of the welding seam;
the laser beam is red light wave band laser; the light spot mode of the laser beam is double light spots;
the double light spots comprise outer ring lasers for heating the first plate and the second plate and circle center lasers for welding;
setting the maximum power of the laser beam according to the thicknesses of the first plate and the second plate and the penetration depth required to be obtained, wherein the power of the outer ring laser is 20-35% of the maximum power, and the power of the circle center laser is subjected to multi-stage linear change along with the movement track of the laser beam;
according to the motion track
The power of the laser at the center of the circle is set,
when Y = (T2-T1)/2(T1 < T2), the power of the center laser at the X position is 100% of the maximum power;
when Y = -T1/2 or T2/2, the power of the center laser at the X position is 40-60% of the maximum power;
when Y = ± (T1+ T2)/2, the power of the center laser at the X position is 25-30% of the maximum power;
and taking the points meeting the values as power reference points, linearly connecting any two adjacent power reference points, and linearly changing the power of the points corresponding to the rest X and Y values according to the slope of the corresponding connecting line.
8. The laser welding method for end faces of unequal-thickness copper alloy plates according to claim 7, characterized in that the power of the laser beam is 1-10 kw.
9. The laser welding method of end faces of unequal-thickness copper alloy plates according to claim 7, characterized in that the maximum power of the laser beam is 5-10 kw.
10. The laser welding method for end faces of unequal-thickness copper alloy plates according to claim 7, characterized in that the oscillation amplitude of the laser beam is 1 to 10 mm.
11. The laser welding method for end faces of unequal-thickness copper alloy plates according to claim 7, characterized in that the oscillation frequency of the laser beam is 50-500 Hz.
12. The laser welding method for end faces of unequal-thickness copper alloy plates according to claim 7, wherein the oscillation frequency of the laser beam is 80-200 Hz.
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| KR102279691B1 (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2021-07-20 | 한국광기술원 | Apparatus and method for Laser welding using multiple beam |
| CN113084345B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2023-01-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Dissimilar material scanning laser welding method based on energy regulation |
| CN113070573A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-06 | 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 | Laser welding method and device |
| CN113560730B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-03-10 | 深圳泰德激光技术股份有限公司 | Method and device for welding plates and computer storage medium |
| CN113798666A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-17 | 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 | Method, device, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device for welding material |
| CN114131201B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-09-20 | 华中科技大学 | Method, system and device for welding variable-thickness invar steel plate |
| CN114654120B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-26 | 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for welding material, storage medium, and electronic apparatus |
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