CN111034725B - 一种新型棉铃虫迷向剂 - Google Patents

一种新型棉铃虫迷向剂 Download PDF

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CN111034725B
CN111034725B CN201911270401.8A CN201911270401A CN111034725B CN 111034725 B CN111034725 B CN 111034725B CN 201911270401 A CN201911270401 A CN 201911270401A CN 111034725 B CN111034725 B CN 111034725B
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张涛
张晓芳
刘盼静
李敏
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Institute of Plant Protection Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/02Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01MCATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M13/00Fumigators; Apparatus for distributing gases
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N35/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
    • A01N35/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aliphatically bound aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种新型的棉铃虫迷向剂。该迷向剂为反‑9‑十六碳烯醛和顺‑11‑十六碳烯醇乙酸酯两种物质的任一种或其二元组合物,其迷向效果均优于同等剂量下的棉铃虫信息素迷向丝。其中,二元组合物比例为1:1时迷向效果最佳。田间应用时,每亩设置20‑40根迷向丝,每根迷向丝内加入10‑200mg迷向剂,均能达到超过90%以上的迷向率。本发明对环境和天敌安全,操作方便,成本低,易于生产,用于大面积防治棉铃虫和黏虫,具有显著的生态效益社会效益。

Description

一种新型棉铃虫迷向剂
技术领域
本发明涉及昆虫迷向剂,具体涉及用于防治棉铃虫的迷向剂。
背景技术
棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)属鳞翅目叶蛾科,是一种世界性的、重大的、多食性农业害虫,其广泛分布在我国各省(市、区)及世界各地,其幼虫可危害30多科200余种植物,除棉花外,还为害玉米、小麦、水稻、花生、烟草、芝麻、苜蓿、番茄、胡麻、向日葵、豌豆、辣椒等多种作物以及多种杂草。棉铃虫是一种重要的钻蛀性害虫,较喜食植物的蕾、花和果实等繁殖器官,也取食嫩叶。
棉铃虫在我国适生区域大、寄主范围广、发生世代多,能够远距离迁飞,同时繁殖力强,已对多种农药产生强抗药性。因此,棉铃虫一直是我国农作物上的重大害虫。20世纪90年代曾对棉花及棉区其它寄主作物的生产造成重大危害。90年代后期,因推广种植转Bt基因抗虫棉,各地棉铃虫种群得到有效控制。但近几年,由于我国华北、华南地区棉花种植规模压缩,高毒农药禁用等原因,棉铃虫在玉米、花生、向日葵、番茄等多种作物上再度猖獗,危害程度逐年加重。
长期以来,对于棉铃虫的防治主要依赖化学药剂,但是化学农药防治易产生抗性及环境污染等问题。为了更好地保护生态环境,积极贯彻绿色植保理念,应当大力推进棉铃虫绿色防控技术。其中,利用性信息素诱杀或者干扰交配都能到对棉铃虫起到较好的防控效果。尤其是将性信息素制作成为迷向剂,干扰雌雄蛾之间的化学通讯,能显著降低棉铃虫后代种群数量。棉铃虫的性信息素已经被证明为比例为97:3的顺-11-十六碳烯醛和顺-9-十六碳烯醛的二元混合物[Field evaluation of female sex pheromone components ofthe cotton bollworm,Heliothis armigera.Entomologia experimentalis etapplicata,1980,27(2):188-193.]。并且有研究表明该二元组合物作为迷向剂大面积应用,能够在田间起到对棉铃虫很好的防控效果[Sex pheromones:achievements inmonitoring and mating disruption of cotton pests in Israel.Archives of insectbiochemistry and physiology,1993,22(3-4):425-431]。该技术具有无毒,不直接接触农作物,专一性强,用量小,无抗药性问题等优点,是一种绿色防控技术。
本课题组前期研究发现棉铃虫性信息素与某些夜蛾类昆虫性信息素距离近时,诱捕效果会受到显著降低。进一步研究发现,棉铃虫性信息素中加入不饱和脂肪醛、不饱和脂肪醇及相应的乙酸酯时,诱捕量会受到不同程度的影响。我们从中筛选出对棉铃虫性诱剂影响最大的物质,制作为迷向丝,进行田间迷向效果试验。结果发现两种物质(反-9-十六碳烯醛、顺-11-十六碳烯醇乙酸酯)能起到干扰棉铃虫迷向的效果,其二元混合物迷向效果更佳,部分配比的迷向率甚至超过棉铃虫信息素。本发明研发的新型的棉铃虫迷向剂及其组合物,有助于棉铃虫的绿色防控。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种使用安全环保、操作方便、经济高效的防治棉铃虫的迷向剂组合物的制作方法和应用技术。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
本发明提供一种用于防治棉铃虫的迷向剂组合物的田间试验,其特征在于所述信息素迷向丝由外径为0.5-1.5mm、内径为50-500mm中空PVC管制成,迷向丝长度20-50cm。迷向丝内装有溶解于丙酮的迷向剂组合物,单个迷向丝所含有效成分为5-200mg。应用时,将迷向丝固定在棉铃虫喜食作物(棉花、番茄、玉米等)离地约1米的高度,每亩设置20-40根迷向丝。
本发明的优点在于:运用迷向剂干扰棉铃虫的交配,可减少化学农药的使用量,有利于保护天敌,保护环境,社会效益和生态效益明显;防效突出,可减少棉铃虫90%的交配率;受自然条件影响小;稳定性好,持效期长,持效期可达50-100天。
具体实施方式
我们通过实验,发现两种不饱和脂肪醛或脂,在田间施用时能够起到干扰雄蛾对雌蛾的定位活性,从而能起到一定的干扰交配作用。此后,经过多次田间试验研究,最终获得了效果理想、成本低廉、持效期长的新型棉铃虫迷向剂及其组合物。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,并为了进一步说明本发明提供的棉铃虫迷向剂的可行性,下面结合具体的试验进行说明。
迷向试验分别于2017年(7月5日至9月3日)和2018年(7月15日至9月13日)在新疆阿拉尔棉田进行。
选择同期播种、长势一致的棉田作为试验田块,每个试验点设置对照区和10个实施例迷向区,每个小区100亩。每个小区均匀设置2000-4000个迷向丝,对照区的迷向丝中只加入丙酮等溶剂。同时,每个小区设置3个带有棉铃虫性诱剂的诱捕器。设置后从第七天起,每周调查一次诱捕到的棉铃虫成虫数量,并记录,持续调查60天。第30天时更换一次诱芯。通过迷向区与对照区诱捕器中的棉铃虫数量计算迷向率,用以评价对照区及实施例的迷向效果,迷向率按如下公式计算:
迷向率(%)=[(对照区总诱虫量-处理区总诱虫量)/对照区总诱虫量]×100%。
所述迷向剂及其组合物按如下实施例设计,首先将迷向剂溶解到200微升丙酮中,然后加入迷向丝中,装入迷向剂后,迷向丝两端封口。所述田间试验中的迷向丝为长度为20cm的聚乙烯塑料管。为说明本发明迷向剂的效果,将棉铃虫性信息素制作成迷向丝作为对比,棉铃虫性信息素由顺-11-十六碳烯醛和顺-9-十六碳烯醛按97:3配制,设置4个不同浓度的处理。性信息素对照1、性信息素对照2、性信息素对照3、性信息素对照4中分别加入棉铃虫性信息素100mg、50mg、20mg和10mg。
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
作为本发明的一个实施例,所述棉铃虫迷向丝每个含反-9-十六碳烯醛100mg;
实施例2
作为本发明的一个实施例,所述棉铃虫迷向丝每个含顺-11-十六碳烯醇乙酸酯100mg;
实施例3
作为本发明的一个实施例,所述棉铃虫迷向丝每个含反-9-十六碳烯醛10mg、顺-11-十六碳烯醇乙酸酯90mg;
实施例4
作为本发明的一个实施例,所述棉铃虫迷向丝每个含反-9-十六碳烯醛30mg、顺-11-十六碳烯醇乙酸酯70mg;
实施例5
作为本发明的一个实施例,所述棉铃虫迷向丝每个含反-9-十六碳烯醛50mg、顺-11-十六碳烯醇乙酸酯50mg;
实施例6
作为本发明的一个实施例,所述棉铃虫迷向丝每个含反-9-十六碳烯醛70mg、顺-11-十六碳烯醇乙酸酯30mg;
实施例7
作为本发明的一个实施例,所述棉铃虫迷向丝每个含反-9-十六碳烯醛90mg、顺-11-十六碳烯醇乙酸酯10mg;
实施例8
作为本发明的一个实施例,所述棉铃虫迷向丝每个含反-9-十六碳烯醛25mg、顺-11-十六碳烯醇乙酸酯25mg;
实施例9
作为本发明的一个实施例,所述棉铃虫迷向丝每个含反-9-十六碳烯醛10mg、顺-11-十六碳烯醇乙酸酯10mg;
实施例10
作为本发明的一个实施例,所述棉铃虫迷向丝每个含反-9-十六碳烯醛5mg、顺-11-十六碳烯醇乙酸酯5mg;
实验结果表如下:
表1棉铃虫迷向剂田间迷向效果
Figure BDA0002313991500000051
Figure BDA0002313991500000061
迷向率越高,迷向处理区内害虫的种群密度越低,说明信息素对害虫的防治效果越好。由表1田间迷向试验数据分析:1)对照区的棉铃虫的虫量均明显多于迷向区,经过计算,所有实施例迷向率均超过90%;2)同样加入100mg迷向剂的情况下,实施例1-6的迷向率均为95%左右,与性信息素迷向效果相当;3)当反-9-十六碳烯醛和顺-11-十六碳烯醇比例为1:1时,迷向效果最佳,达到98%以上;4)当新型迷向剂加入剂量减少至10mg时,迷向率仍高于90%,迷向效果优于同等剂量的性信息素对照。5)同时发现,无论是性信息素对照,还是新型迷向剂,迷向丝中加入的剂量越多,迷向丝的持效期也越长。考虑到成本问题,迷向剂要控制加入的量。最终所述迷向丝内加入10-100mg迷向剂时,迷向效果和持续时间均能满足防治要求。
综上所述,本发明提供的一种用于棉铃虫成虫交配的迷向剂,迷向率优于同等剂量的性信息素迷向丝;即使很低的用量也能起到良好的迷向效果,大大降低了使用剂量和成本;同时,通过干扰雌雄蛾交配降低后代种群数量,还可以减少使用化学农药造成的污染,有利于保护天敌、保护生态环境,具有显著的社会效益和生态效益。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其进行限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而这些修改或者等同替换亦不能使修改后的技术方案脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种棉铃虫迷向剂,其特征在于:所述迷向剂为反-9-十六碳烯醛和顺-11-十六碳烯醇乙酸酯的二元组合物;所述反-9-十六碳烯醛和顺-11-十六碳烯醇乙酸酯的比例为1:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的迷向剂,其特征在于,每根迷向丝内加入10-200mg所述迷向剂;田间每亩设置20-40根所述迷向丝。
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