CN111031057B - Information transmission method for inducing brain waves based on stimulation signals - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention particularly relates to an information transmission method based on brain waves induced by stimulation signals, and belongs to the technical field of information security and encryption transmission. The supported information transmission system comprises a database, a system database, a client, a legal user and a brain wave testing device; the information transmission method comprises the following steps: step 1, information acquisition, namely outputting original sampling value data for sampling brain waves of legal users; step 2, user registration, specifically including signal processing, feature statistics, key generation and warehousing; step 3, user authentication, comprising: carrying out single electroencephalogram acquisition test; 2) generating a comparison key string; 3) and call out the quantized key string and user identification label; 4) sending the user identification tag to a client, randomly selecting point locations, and sending the position information and the comparison key string to a system database; 5) calculating and judging the safe connection and information transmission between the legal user of the key bit error rate and the database; the method has excellent safety and concealment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to an information transmission method based on brain waves induced by stimulation signals, and belongs to the technical field of information security and encryption transmission.
Background
Authentication refers to verifying whether a user has the right to access the system. With the development of science and technology and the popularization of the internet and computers and personal terminals, more and more accounts are registered, such as social software, payment software and the like, so that the requirement on the safety of the accounts is higher and higher, and the authentication method with higher confidentiality is extremely important.
Currently, the authentication method mainly includes the following three types: the password is used for verification, and the method has the defect that once the password is known by others or the user forgets or confuses the password, the verification cannot be carried out; the method is verified through a key, a magnetic card and other real objects, and has the defects of high storage cost, easy loss and inconvenience in carrying; the verification by the fingerprint is commonly used for payment software, but the fingerprint can be changed at will after others know the payment password, so the method is also unsafe. Therefore, the security of the existing authentication mode is not high.
The brain wave is a novel biological information, and has a series of advantages of strong concealment, difficult forced acquisition by external force, large individual difference and the like. And therefore has gained a great deal of attention in recent years.
However, the current technology regarding biometric recognition through electroencephalogram is mainly based on the use of a machine learning method. The method has a series of defects of complex system structure, large calculation amount, large training data requirement, large data management burden and the like.
In the field of traditional codebook keys, quantization technology, codebook management technology and the like are relatively mature and are convenient to apply. However, the conventional codebook key has the disadvantages of being easy to decipher and needing to be updated regularly. Therefore, it is necessary to form a more reliable and efficient biometric authentication system based on the above two experiences.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical defects that biological information adopted in the existing authentication system based on other biological information is easy to steal and potential safety hazards are brought to personal property and information safety, and provides an information transmission method based on brain waves induced by stimulation signals.
The core idea of the invention is as follows: the stimulation signals are generated for two or more specific times, and corresponding brain wave signals are respectively induced and stored; the stimulation signals comprise three forms of image data stimulation, motor imagery stimulation and standing meditation stimulation; the stimulation signal can be specially designed according to the type of a legal user or can be universal; if the legal user does not give feedback conforming to the stimulus signal prompt to the stimulus signal, the user needs to perform the brain wave signal acquisition test again, and the brain wave signal generated at this time is discarded and not stored; if the mental state of the tested person is in a non-steady (over-tense or excited) state, the brain wave signal acquisition test needs to be suspended or delayed; the electroencephalogram acquisition device adopted in the scheme adopts non-invasive equipment in consideration of the use mode and safety; the selected positions of the X frequency points in the step 2.2A can be X frequency points which are selected to be consistent comprehensively according to the total variance of Z frequency points in the N channels, or the positions of the X frequency points in each channel can be independently selected according to the variance conditions of the frequency points in each channel; the key quantization method in step 2.3 may be various methods such as CQA, CQG, uniform quantization, secondary quantization, and the like.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The information transmission system on which the information transmission method based on the brain wave evoked by the stimulation signal depends comprises a database, a system database, a client, a legal user and a brain wave testing device;
the connection relationship of the information transmission system is as follows:
a system database, a client and a brain wave testing device; a legal user is connected with the brain wave testing device; the client is connected with the system database, the database and the brain wave testing device; the database is connected with the client and the system database; the brain wave testing device is connected with a legal user, a client and a system database.
The functions of the components in the information transmission system are as follows:
the functions of the system database are: processing an original brain wave signal, storing legal user information including a user identity, a user identification tag and a quantization key string, and judging whether a user is a legal user;
the functions of the client are: processing the original brain wave signal, providing a user authentication port, and communicating with a database;
the database functions are: communicating with the client;
the brain wave testing device has the functions of: collecting the original brain wave signals of the user.
The information transmission method for inducing the brain waves based on the stimulation signals comprises the following steps:
step 1, information acquisition, namely outputting original sampling value data for sampling brain waves of legal users, and specifically comprising the following substeps:
step 1.1, a system database firstly gives a user identity to a legal user, the legal user is required to participate in electroencephalogram acquisition test, and the user responds correspondingly according to the prompt of a stimulation signal in the electroencephalogram acquisition test;
step 1.2, the electroencephalogram acquisition device acquires information and acquires corresponding reactions in the step 1.1, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: selecting N channels with optimal signal-to-noise ratios to perform sampling for K times, and storing sampling data into a system database;
wherein the value range of N is 4 to 8; the information acquisition is M days, and T rounds are carried out every day; the interval of each round is more than or equal to 30 minutes, and the collection date interval of every two days is more than or equal to 5 days;
step 1.3, for a certain legal user, reserving N K T M original sampling value data for sampling brain waves of the legal user in a system database;
step 2, user registration, specifically including signal processing, feature statistics and key generation and warehousing;
step 2.1, signal processing: carrying out signal preprocessing on the original sampling value number stored in the step 1.3, and removing noise and artifacts to obtain a processed N-channel signal sample;
wherein, the signal preprocessing, the noise removal and the artifact are collectively called signal processing;
step 2.2, feature statistics, which specifically comprises the following substeps:
step 2.2A, mapping the N-channel signal samples processed in the step 2.1 to a frequency domain after Fourier transformation to generate a frequency power diagram, and selecting Z point positions on a frequency axis of the frequency power diagram;
wherein, each frequency point has T M power data corresponding to it;
counting the digital statistical characteristics of Z frequency points of each N channel, sequencing the variances in the statistical characteristics, selecting the first X frequency points with the minimum variance in the N channels as quantization key reference points, and forming a user identification label by the indexes of the X frequency points;
wherein the statistical characteristics include mean and variance; the dimension of the quantization key reference point is N X;
step 2.3, key generation and storage, specifically: quantizing the N × X quantized key reference points selected in step 2.2B according to the power statistical mean at the corresponding frequency points to generate N × X quantized key strings, and storing the quantized key strings, the user identification tag and the user identity of the user in a system database;
step 3, user authentication, specifically comprising the following substeps:
step 3.1, when a user wants to access the database, the user needs to pass through the client to perform electroencephalogram acquisition test in the step 1.1 once, and all experimental setting conditions are the same as those set in the step 1;
3.2, after the test is finished, the client side generates N x Z comparison key strings on N x Z frequency points of all N channels according to the signal processing and quantification key method in the step 2 on the measured brain wave data;
step 3.3, the user declares the user identity of the user, the user identity is sent to a system database through a client, and the system database calls out a corresponding quantization key string and a corresponding user identification label according to the user identity;
and 3.4, the system database sends the user identification tag to the client. The client randomly selects Y (Y < (X/4)) point locations from the corresponding X quantized key reference points according to the user identification label, and sends the position information of the Y point locations and the corresponding N X Y comparison key strings to a system database;
step 3.5, the system database compares the received contrast key string with the quantization key string at the corresponding position, calculates the key bit error rate, and then judges the calculated key bit error rate, which specifically comprises the following steps:
3.5A, if the bit error rate of the key is lower than the threshold value, the verification is successful, the user identity is consistent with the declared identity, the user is judged to be a legal user, the user is allowed to access the database, and the step 3.6 is skipped;
3.5B key bit error rate is higher than the threshold, the verification fails, the user identity is not in accordance with the declared identity, or the EEG signal quality is too low, the user is prompted to require the user to perform authentication test again when the verification fails, if the repetition times are more than 5 times and the verification is not successful, the user account is locked temporarily, the user is required to contact related personnel to update the user information, the account can be unlocked after the update is finished, and the method is finished;
wherein, the low quality of the electroencephalogram signals means that more than 7% of sampling points are abandoned during signal processing in the step 2.1;
step 3.6, establishing a secure connection between the legal user and the database, starting to transmit information, and realizing the confidential information transmission between the client and the database, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the client side encrypts information which a user wants to transmit to the data bank by adopting the N X contrast key strings, and the data bank decrypts the encrypted information by adopting the N X quantitative key strings in the system data bank;
the system database adopts N X pieces of quantization key strings to encrypt the information which the database wants to transmit to the user, and the client side adopts N X pieces of comparison key strings to decrypt the encrypted information.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the information transmission method based on the brain wave induced by the stimulation signal has the following beneficial effects:
1. based on the experience of the existing biological information identification method, the system and the method derive and use the brain waves which are difficult to steal as biological information to carry out individual identity identification and communication encryption, and have excellent safety;
2. the brain wave adopted by the method is taken as biological identification information, so that the biological identification information is concealed and is difficult to obtain by illegal means (for example, the face identification can be obtained by photographing, the fingerprint identification can be obtained by fingerprint acquisition and the like); in addition, because the brain waves generated by a person under the action of the same stimulation signal under the unstable emotion also have difference, under an extreme condition, if a legal user is forced to acquire the brain wave information, the legal user cannot successfully pass the verification; therefore, the method has good anti-attack capability;
3. because the stimulation signals provided by the method aiming at different types of users are not necessarily the same, the method introduces new uncertainty when an illegal user invades the system; the authentication is possible to be successful only under the conditions that a legal user corresponds to a correct identity, a stimulus signal corresponds to a matching response and the user is in a normal mental state and a psychological state, so that the method has high reliability;
4. the number of the brain wave channels adopted by the method is 4-8, the cost and the equipment complexity of the electroencephalogram equipment during commercial use can be effectively reduced, and the method has good practicability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an application scenario model of an information transmission method based on brain waves induced by stimulation signals according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of information transmission method steps 1 and 2 of information collection and user registration process based on brain wave evoked by stimulation signal according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the information transmission method based on brain wave evoked by stimulation signals, step 3, user authentication and communication process.
Detailed Description
The following describes an information transmission method based on brain waves induced by a stimulation signal in detail by referring to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
Take secure remote access to an internal repository of a company as an example. As shown in fig. 1, when a user wants to remotely access a repository, an access request is first submitted to the repository through a client. And after receiving the access application, the database starts to judge the identity of the user.
First, the system determines whether the application is from a user who has registered with the system. The specific method is that when the user is at the client, the user is required to declare the user identity of the user. If the user is a legal user who has been registered, the user can directly input the user identity of the user and enter the user authentication and communication flow shown in fig. 3. If the user is a valid user which is not registered, the user can apply for registering a new user at the client end to execute the information acquisition and user registration process shown in fig. 2.
The workflow of the system will be described separately according to the "unregistered user" and the "registered user".
1. Unregistered user: a new user identity is generated with the system database and the user will be asked to accept brain wave signal acquisition tests. The test was performed in two days, 3 rounds per day. The interval between rounds was 30 minutes, and the interval between test days was 5 days. The adopted stimulation signal form is image data stimulation. In each round of test, a user is required to wear the electroencephalogram acquisition device and watch an image with the duration of 20 seconds, wherein the image consists of two parts, the first 6 seconds are prompt preparation time, and the last 14 seconds are flickering of English letter combinations within four letters. These english letter combinations are derived from the random generation of a vocabulary library consisting of ordinary english words, abbreviation-like english words, and randomly generated letter combination words. Each word has a duration of 2 seconds on the image, so a total of 7 words will appear. The system generates a segment of the word index for each user and records in the library. In this example, the brain electric acquisition device is Emotiv Epoc +, and the acquisition channels are (AF3, AF4, T7, T8, O1 and O2)6 channels.
When the user sees a word, the user will be required to read the word silently in the heart, at which time the electroencephalogram device will collect electroencephalogram information and sample at a frequency of 2048 Hz. Therefore, only the electroencephalogram information 14 seconds after the image is played is adopted. After sampling is completed, the samples are down-sampled to 256 SPS. The system processes the signal of the sample which is just collected, the signal passes through a 3-40Hz band-pass filter, threshold judgment is carried out, the sampling point which is higher than 100 mu V is discarded, if the ratio of the discarded sampling points is more than or equal to 7 percent, the influence of the test noise of the round is considered to be overlarge, the sampling result is unreliable, and retesting is needed and the test data of the round is discarded.
Finally, each group of data is collected, and is divided into groups by a sliding window which is 3 seconds long and is 50% overlapped, and the groups are mapped to a frequency domain through a Welch periodogram method, a power spectrogram is generated, variance and variance information of power of Z (Z-10 in the example) frequency points are counted, and mean information of X frequency points (X-6 in the example) with the minimum variance is reserved for quantization, so that a secret key is generated.
The quantization method adopted in this example is: after the power values of all points are normalized according to the maximum power value corresponding to a single point in the original data, the interval of the ratio from 0 to 1 is uniformly divided into 8 quantization intervals, and therefore 5 binary digit strings with 3 digits are generated for a certain channel.
After quantization, a digital string key consisting of 6 × 36 channels corresponding to frequency points and 6 × 3 × 108 binary bits is stored in the system database.
To sum up, a legal user account corresponds to the contents stored in the system database: the account comprises a user identity corresponding to the account, an English word sorting index (stimulus signal) corresponding to the account, 36 channel corresponding frequency points (user identification labels) corresponding to the account, and a numeric string key (quantization key string) corresponding to the account.
2. The registered user: according to the account information provided by the user, the system database derives corresponding English word indexes to be fed back to the client, the client plays the same image data as the user during registration, and the user wears the electroencephalogram acquisition device and pronounces the words by default. The brain wave information acquired by the brain wave acquisition device is subjected to signal processing by the client and a comparison key string is generated. And prompting the system database after the client finishes processing. The system database selects Y (Y is 4 in the example) frequency points and corresponding quantization key strings from each channel to generate a current authentication key through a random method (the example adopts a matlab to generate random number sequencing method), and feeds back the position information of the Y frequency points to a comparison key string at the corresponding position requested by the client. After the acquisition is finished, the system database carries out XOR operation on the two strings of keys of the contrast key string and the current authentication key, and counts the number of '1' after the XOR operation. Only if the number of "1" is less than or equal to 3 (i.e. different bits of two strings of keys are less than or equal to 3, BER ≦ 12.5%). The party considers that the user is matched with the declared identity of the user and allows the user to access the system; otherwise, the authentication is not passed, and the authentication is required to be carried out again. The maximum number of retries of authentication is 3.
If a certain user fails to pass the authentication for 3 times, the user account is temporarily locked, and the user can be unlocked after contacting a system management person for manual authentication and updating the electroencephalogram information.
After the user passes the authentication, the user can access the database bank of the company, and can remotely perform database related operations such as information extraction, information storage and the like on the company database through the client. All operation signaling and data information involved in this communication will be encrypted and decrypted by the key generated in the client and company database in step 3.6.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An information transmission method for inducing brain waves based on a stimulation signal, characterized in that: the supported information transmission system comprises a database, a system database, a client, a legal user and a brain wave testing device; a system database, a client and a brain wave testing device; a legal user is connected with the brain wave testing device; the client is connected with the system database, the database and the brain wave testing device; the database is connected with the client and the system database; the brain wave testing device is connected with a legal user, a client and a system database;
the functions of the system database are: processing an original brain wave signal, storing legal user information including a user identity, a user identification tag and a quantization key string, and judging whether a user is a legal user;
the functions of the client are: processing the original brain wave signal, providing a user authentication port, and communicating with a database;
the database functions are: communicating with the client;
the brain wave testing device has the functions of: collecting original brain wave signals of a user;
the information transmission method for inducing the brain waves based on the stimulation signals comprises the following steps:
step 1, information acquisition, namely outputting original sampling value data for sampling brain waves of legal users, and specifically comprising the following substeps:
step 1.1, a system database firstly gives a user identity to a legal user, the legal user is required to participate in electroencephalogram acquisition test, and the user responds correspondingly according to the prompt of a stimulation signal in the electroencephalogram acquisition test;
step 1.2, the electroencephalogram acquisition device acquires information and acquires corresponding reactions in the step 1.1, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: selecting N channels with optimal signal-to-noise ratios to perform sampling for K times, and storing sampling data into a system database;
wherein the value range of N is 4 to 8; the information acquisition is M days, and T rounds are carried out every day; the interval of each round is more than or equal to 30 minutes, and the collection date interval of every two days is more than or equal to 5 days;
step 1.3, for a certain legal user, reserving N K T M original sampling value data for sampling brain waves of the legal user in a system database;
step 2, user registration, specifically including signal processing, feature statistics and key generation and warehousing;
step 2.1, signal processing: carrying out signal preprocessing on the original sampling value number stored in the step 1.3, and removing noise and artifacts to obtain a processed N-channel signal sample;
wherein, the signal preprocessing, the noise removal and the artifact are collectively called signal processing;
step 2.2, feature statistics, which specifically comprises the following substeps:
step 2.2A, mapping the N-channel signal samples processed in the step 2.1 to a frequency domain after Fourier transformation to generate a frequency power diagram, and selecting Z point positions on a frequency axis of the frequency power diagram;
wherein, each frequency point has T M power data corresponding to it;
counting the digital statistical characteristics of Z frequency points of each N channel, sequencing the variances in the statistical characteristics, selecting the first X frequency points with the minimum variance in the N channels as quantization key reference points, and forming a user identification label by the indexes of the X frequency points;
wherein the statistical characteristics include mean and variance; the dimension of the quantization key reference point is N X;
step 2.3, key generation and storage, specifically: quantizing the N × X quantized key reference points selected in step 2.2B according to the power statistical mean at the corresponding frequency points to generate N × X quantized key strings, and storing the quantized key strings, the user identification tag and the user identity of the user in a system database;
step 3, user authentication, specifically comprising the following substeps:
step 3.1, when a user wants to access the database, the user needs to pass through the client to perform electroencephalogram acquisition test in the step 1.1 once, and all experimental setting conditions are the same as those set in the step 1;
3.2, after the test is finished, the client side generates N x Z comparison key strings on N x Z frequency points of all N channels according to the signal processing and quantification key method in the step 2 on the measured brain wave data;
step 3.3, the user declares the user identity of the user, the user identity is sent to a system database through a client, and the system database calls out a corresponding quantization key string and a corresponding user identification label according to the user identity;
step 3.4, the system database sends the user identification tag to the client, the client randomly selects Y point locations from the corresponding X quantized key reference points according to the user identification tag, and sends the position information of the Y point locations and the corresponding N X Y comparison key strings to the system database;
step 3.5, the system database compares the received contrast key string with the quantization key string at the corresponding position, calculates the key bit error rate, and then judges the calculated key bit error rate, which specifically comprises the following steps:
3.5A, if the bit error rate of the key is lower than the threshold value, the verification is successful, the user identity is consistent with the declared identity, the user is judged to be a legal user, the user is allowed to access the database, and the step 3.6 is skipped;
3.5B key bit error rate is higher than the threshold, the verification fails, the user identity is not in accordance with the declared identity, or the EEG signal quality is too low, the user is prompted to require the user to perform authentication test again when the verification fails, if the repetition times are more than 5 times and the verification is not successful, the user account is locked temporarily, the user is required to contact related personnel to update the user information, the account can be unlocked after the update is finished, and the method is finished;
and 3.6, establishing a secure connection between the legal user and the database, starting to transmit information, and realizing the confidential information transmission between the client and the database.
2. The information transmission method for inducing brain waves based on stimulation signals as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in step 3.4, Y < X/4.
3. The information transmission method for inducing brain waves based on stimulation signals as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in 3.5B, the poor quality of the electroencephalogram signal means that more than 7% of sampling points are discarded during signal processing in step 2.1.
4. The information transmission method for inducing brain waves based on stimulation signals as set forth in claim 1, wherein: step 3.6, specifically:
the client side encrypts information which a user wants to transmit to the data bank by adopting the N X contrast key strings, and the data bank decrypts the encrypted information by adopting the N X quantitative key strings in the system data bank;
the system database adopts N X pieces of quantization key strings to encrypt the information which the database wants to transmit to the user, and the client side adopts N X pieces of comparison key strings to decrypt the encrypted information.
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