CN111029758B - BD B1 frequency band satellite navigation terminal antenna and working method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a satellite navigation terminal antenna in the BD B1 frequency band and a working method thereof. An upper radiating arm group. The lower side of the radiating panel has a lower radiating arm group that is offset by 180° from the upper radiating arm group and connected to the outer center of the coaxial line. The upper radiating arm group includes two upper radiating arms that are offset by 90° and connected at one end toward the inside. The lower radiating arm group includes two lower radiating arms that are staggered by 90° and connected at one end facing inward; there are also four rectangularly distributed vertical metal columns connected between the radiating plate and the reflecting plate. The lower side of the radiating plate is provided with Radiation patches corresponding to the positions above and below the vertical metal pillars. The antenna uses a coaxial line feeding method. The upper layer is connected to the inner center of the coaxial line, and the lower layer is connected to the outer center of the coaxial line, creating a 90° phase difference to achieve circularly polarized radiation, and is coupled to the radiating arm through a short-circuit patch. The effect is to increase the bandwidth of the antenna.

Description

A BD B1 frequency band satellite navigation terminal antenna and its working method

Technical field

The invention relates to a satellite navigation terminal antenna in the BD B1 frequency band and a working method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication.

Background technique

Circularly polarized (CP) antennas are highly favored by some specific wireless communication systems, such as global positioning systems, satellite communication/navigation systems, and radio frequency identification systems, due to their ability to mitigate polarization mismatch and suppress multipath interference. Designing two electric field components with equal amplitude and orthogonal phase is a common technique to implement CP antennas. CP antennas can be divided into single-fed and double-fed according to the feeding method. Generally, single-fed antennas have simpler feed networks but narrower axial ratio (AR) bandwidth, while doubly-fed antennas can provide wider AR bandwidth but require external hybrid couplers or power dividers, which Will increase system size significantly. Therefore, how to obtain a broadband, simple and compact CP antenna has always been a topic of concern in the antenna field.

Extensive efforts have been made to increase the bandwidth of single-fed CP antennas. A straightforward approach is to use multiple resonators. By designing each resonator to operate at a different operating frequency and then combining multiple resonators, the combined response increases the overall bandwidth. Another approach is to take advantage of higher-order patterns. Since no additional components are required, miniaturization is possible. However, more energy needs to be lost to bring modes with similar radiation characteristics close to each other, and there are often special restrictions on the size or shape of the antenna.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a BDB1 frequency band satellite navigation terminal antenna that can increase the bandwidth of the antenna and realize circularly polarized radiation and its working method.

The present invention adopts the following solution: a satellite navigation terminal antenna in the BD B1 frequency band, including a radiating plate and a reflecting plate located below the radiating plate. The center parts of the radiating plate and the reflecting plate are connected with a coaxial line. The radiating plate The side has an upper radiating arm group that is connected to the center of the coaxial line. The lower side of the radiating panel has a lower radiating arm group that is 180° offset from the upper radiating arm group and connected to the outer center of the coaxial line. The upper radiating arm group includes two The upper radiating arms are staggered by 90° and connected to one end by a conductor patch. The lower radiating arm group includes two lower radiating arms that are staggered by 90° and connected to one end of the inward end through a conductor patch. The conductor patch is four Three-thirds of a circular ring; four rectangularly distributed vertical metal columns are also connected between the radiating plate and the reflecting plate, and four structures are arranged on the lower side of the radiating plate and are positioned above and below the four vertical metal columns. One-to-one corresponding radiation patches, the radiation patches are connected to the upper ends of corresponding vertical metal columns.

Further, both the radiating plate and the reflecting plate are square, one of the upper radiating arms has an inward end connected to the center of the coaxial line, and one of the lower radiating arms has an inward end connected to the outer center of the coaxial line. The upper radiating arm and lower radiating arms are distributed on the center line of the radiating panel.

Furthermore, the four radiation patches corresponding to the four vertical metal columns are distributed on the diagonal lines of the radiation plate, and the radiation patches are in the shape of an equilateral triangle. One of the center lines of the radiation patch is diagonal to the radiation plate where it is located. Lines overlap.

Furthermore, the upper radiating arm and the lower radiating arm each have a comb-shaped structure composed of three parallel strip-shaped patches in the middle, and the strip-shaped patches on both sides are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle strip-shaped patch. side, and the elongated patches on both sides are provided with zigzag patches on the outward side.

Furthermore, a transverse metal beam is connected between the middle parts of two adjacent vertical metal columns, an intermediate metal column is connected between the middle part of the transverse metal beam and the reflection plate, and a pair of transverse metal beams on two opposite sides are connected between them. A middle transverse metal beam distributed symmetrically on both sides of the coaxial line.

Another technical solution of the present invention: a working method of a satellite navigation terminal antenna in the BD B1 frequency band as described above, using a coaxial line feeding method, with a radiation arm component with a phase difference of 180° consisting of two upper and lower layers, and the upper radiation of the upper layer The arm group is connected to the inner center of the coaxial line, and the lower radiating arm group of the lower layer is connected to the outer center of the coaxial line. Currents with the same amplitude and a phase difference of 90° are generated on the radiating arms to achieve circularly polarized radiation, and are connected to the radiation through the radiation patch. The arms produce a coupling effect that can increase the bandwidth of the antenna.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The antenna adopts the coaxial line feeding method. The radiating arm components with a phase difference of 180° are composed of upper and lower layers. The upper layer is connected to the inner center of the coaxial line, and the lower layer is connected to the outer center of the coaxial line. The amplitude of the radiation generated on the antenna radiating arm is the same. , the current with a phase difference of 90° realizes circularly polarized radiation, and produces a coupling effect between the short-circuit patch and the radiating arm, which can increase the bandwidth of the antenna and increase the directivity of the antenna;

(2) The radiating arm has a comb-tooth structure and a saw-tooth structure. This structure can change the current path on the radiating arm and adjust the position of the resonance point of the antenna, thereby making the resonance points denser and expanding the antenna impedance and axial ratio bandwidth. The purpose is to improve the impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna;

(3) The grid-type metal frame between the radiating arm and the reflector evenly divides the middle area into upper and lower layers, which enhances the vertical and horizontal currents in the middle area of the antenna. The radiation generated by the vertical current improves the antenna's performance. Longitudinal radiation can improve the low elevation gain of the antenna, and the horizontal current can increase the bandwidth, making the antenna better used in satellite navigation systems, and four vertical metal columns form a metal probe structure, changing the antenna The current distribution shifts the frequency point to low frequency, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna.

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments and relevant drawings.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a top view of the radiant panel according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a bottom view of the radiant panel according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the present invention without a radiant panel;

Figure 5 is an S ₁₁ parameter diagram of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 6 is an AR diagram of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a directional diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Explanation of numbers in the figure: 100-radiating plate, 200-reflecting plate, 210-first upper radiating arm, 220-second upper radiating arm, 230-first lower radiating arm, 240-second lower radiating arm, 250-conductor Patch, 260-radiation patch, 270-long strip patch, 280-jagged patch, 300-coaxial line, 400-vertical metal column, 500-transverse metal beam, 600-middle metal column, 700 -Intermediate transverse metal beam.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a satellite navigation terminal antenna in the BD B1 frequency band includes a radiating plate 200 and a reflecting plate 100 located below the radiating plate 200. The centers of the radiating plate 200 and the reflecting plate 100 are connected with a coaxial line. 300. The upper side of the radiating panel 200 has an upper radiating arm group connected to the center of the coaxial line, and the lower side of the radiating panel 200 has a lower radiating arm group that is 180° offset from the upper radiating arm group and connected to the outer center of the coaxial line. The upper and lower radiating arm groups have a phase difference of 180°. The upper radiating arm group includes two upper radiating arms that are staggered by 90° and connected at the inward end through a conductor patch, namely the first upper radiating arm 210 and the second upper radiating arm. 220. The lower radiating arm group includes two lower radiating arms that are staggered by 90° and connected at the inward end through a conductor patch, namely the first lower radiating arm 230 and the second lower radiating arm 240. The conductor patch is four It is divided into three-quarters of a circular ring; the upper radiating arm group forms a crossed dipole arm, and the lower radiating arm group forms a crossed dipole arm. The phase difference between the upper radiating arm group on the upper side of the radiating plate and the lower radiating arm group on the lower side is 180°. , the conductor patch 250 is a three-quarter circular ring; four rectangularly distributed vertical metal columns 400 are also connected between the radiation plate 200 and the reflection plate 100, and four rectangularly distributed vertical metal columns 400 are provided on the lower side of the radiation plate 200. There are two radiation patches 260 with the same structure and one-to-one correspondence with the four vertical metal pillars. The radiation patch 260 is connected to the upper end of the corresponding vertical metal pillar. The antenna adopts the coaxial line feeding method, and the phase difference is 180 The radiating arm components of ° are composed of upper and lower layers. The upper radiating arm group of the upper layer is connected to the inner center of the coaxial line, and the lower radiating arm group of the lower layer is connected to the outer center of the coaxial line. The antenna radiating arms produce radiating signals with the same amplitude and a phase difference of 90°. The current realizes circularly polarized radiation, and produces a coupling effect with the radiating arm through the radiation patch (also called a short-circuit patch), which can improve the bandwidth of the antenna. By reasonably adjusting the distance between the antenna's reflector and the radiation patch, it can make The antenna has very excellent directional performance.

In this embodiment, the radiating plate 200 and the reflecting plate 100 are both square. The projection of the diagonal line of the radiating plate 200 on the reflecting plate 100 coincides with the diagonal line of the reflecting plate. One of the upper radiating arms has an inward end. The inner end of one of the lower radiating arms is connected to the outer center of the coaxial line. The upper radiating arm and the lower radiating arm are distributed on the center line of the radiating plate. That is, the first upper radiating arm 210 is connected to the center line of the coaxial line. The axis is connected to the center of the axis, and the inward end of the first lower radiating arm 230 is connected to the outer center of the coaxial line. The first upper radiating arm and the first lower radiating plate are staggered by 180°, and the second upper radiating arm and the second lower radiating plate are also staggered. 180°; the crossed dipole arms with a phase difference of 180° are distributed in upper and lower layers and connected to the inner and outer centers of the coaxial line respectively. The two monopoles are connected through a three-quarter ring, so that the antenna radiating arm The current amplitude is the same and the phase difference is 90°, which enables the antenna to produce circularly polarized radiation, and the three-quarter ring structure also has the effect of increasing the bandwidth of the antenna.

In this embodiment, four vertical metal pillars 400 are distributed in a square shape. The four vertical metal pillars 400 are distributed on the diagonal line of the reflection plate 100. Four radiation patches are connected correspondingly to the four vertical metal pillars. Distributed on the diagonal line of the radiating plate, and the radiating patch 260 is in the shape of an equilateral triangle. One of the center lines of the radiating patch 260 coincides with the diagonal line of the radiating plate where it is located; there are four identical and completely symmetrical ones around the radiating arm. An equilateral triangle radiation patch. This structure can produce a coupling effect between the radiation patch and the radiation arm. Based on the resonance point generated by the dipole arm, a new resonance frequency point is generated. When the radiation patch When the resonance point of the antenna is close to the resonance point of the radiating arm, we can achieve our goal of increasing the antenna bandwidth. At the same time, the short-circuit patch has the effect of increasing the directivity of the antenna.

In this embodiment, the upper radiating arm (ie, the first upper radiating arm 210 and the second upper radiating arm 220 ) and the lower radiating arm (ie, the first lower radiating arm 230 and the second lower radiating arm 240 ) are located in the middle. It has a comb-shaped structure composed of three parallel strip-shaped patches 270. The strip-shaped patches on both sides are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle strip-shaped patch, and the strip-shaped patches on both sides face outward. A sawtooth patch 280 is provided on one side, and the angle between the sawtooth patch 280 and the sawtooth patch 280 is 60°; the radiating arm has a comb-tooth structure and a sawtooth structure, and two adjacent ones of the comb-tooth structure The gaps between the long strips are the same, and the zigzag patches on both sides of the long strips are completely symmetrical. Through this structure, the current path on the radiating arm can be changed, and the position of the resonance point of the antenna can be adjusted, thereby making the resonance The points become denser, achieving the purpose of expanding the antenna impedance and axial ratio bandwidth, and improving the antenna impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth.

In this embodiment, a transverse metal beam 500 is connected between the middle parts of two adjacent vertical metal columns 400 , and an intermediate metal column 600 is connected between the middle part of the transverse metal beam 500 and the reflection plate 100 . The horizontal metal beams are connected with a pair of middle horizontal metal beams 700 symmetrically distributed on both sides of the coaxial line. The above-mentioned vertical metal columns 400, horizontal metal beams 500, middle metal columns 600 and middle horizontal metal beams 700 form a grid type. The metal frame evenly divides the middle area into upper and lower layers, which enhances the vertical and horizontal currents in the middle area of the antenna. The radiation generated by the vertical current improves the longitudinal radiation of the antenna and can improve the low elevation gain of the antenna. The horizontal current can increase the bandwidth, making the antenna better used in satellite navigation systems, and the four vertical metal columns form a metal probe structure, which changes the current distribution of the antenna and shifts the frequency point to low frequency. It is beneficial to realize the miniaturization of the antenna.

A working method of the satellite navigation terminal antenna of the BD B1 frequency band as described above adopts the coaxial line feeding method. The radiating arm components with a phase difference of 180° are composed of upper and lower layers, and the upper radiating arm group of the upper layer is connected to the coaxial line. In the inner core, the lower radiating arm group of the lower layer is connected to the outer center of the coaxial line. Currents with the same amplitude and 90° phase difference are generated on the radiating arms to achieve circularly polarized radiation, and the coupling effect is generated through the radiation patch and the radiating arm, which can improve The bandwidth of the antenna; the radiating arm has a comb-tooth structure and a saw-tooth structure, which can change the current path on the radiating arm and adjust the position of the resonance point of the antenna, thereby making the resonance points denser and expanding the antenna impedance and axial ratio bandwidth. The impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna are improved; the grid-type metal frame between the reflection plate and the radiating plate evenly divides the middle area into upper and lower layers, so that the vertical and horizontal currents in the middle area of the antenna are enhanced, and the vertical The radiation generated by the current improves the longitudinal radiation of the antenna and can improve the low elevation gain of the antenna. The horizontal current can increase the bandwidth.

Unless otherwise stated in any of the technical solutions disclosed above, if a numerical range is disclosed, then the disclosed numerical range is a preferred numerical range. Any person skilled in the art should understand that the preferred numerical range is only Among the many implementable values, the technical effect is more obvious or representative. Since there are too many numerical values to be exhaustive, the present invention only discloses some numerical values to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention. Furthermore, the numerical values listed above should not constitute a limitation on the scope of the invention.

If the present invention discloses or relates to components or structural parts that are fixedly connected to each other, then, unless otherwise stated, fixed connection can be understood as: removably fixed connection (for example, using bolts or screws), or it can also be understood as: Non-detachable fixed connections (such as riveting, welding), of course, mutual fixed connections can also be replaced by an integrated structure (such as one-piece manufacturing using a casting process) (except for obvious cases where the one-piece forming process cannot be used).

In addition, unless otherwise stated, terms used to express positional relationships or shapes used in any of the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention include their meanings include states or shapes that are similar, similar or close to them.

Any component provided by the present invention can be assembled from multiple individual components, or it can be an individual component manufactured by an integrated forming process.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified Modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions of some of the technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the scope of the technical solution claimed by the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The satellite navigation terminal antenna of BD B1 frequency channel is characterized in that: the coaxial radiating device comprises a radiating plate and a reflecting plate positioned below the radiating plate, wherein coaxial lines are connected to the central parts of the radiating plate and the reflecting plate, an upper radiating arm group connected with the inner centers of the coaxial lines is arranged on the upper side surface of the radiating plate, a lower radiating arm group which is staggered by 180 degrees with the upper radiating arm group and connected with the outer centers of the coaxial lines is arranged on the lower side surface of the radiating plate, the upper radiating arm group comprises two upper radiating arms which are staggered by 90 degrees and are connected with one another at the inward end through conductor patches, the lower radiating arm group comprises two lower radiating arms which are staggered by 90 degrees and are connected with one another at the inward end through the conductor patches, and the conductor patches are in a three-quarter ring shape; four vertical metal columns which are in rectangular distribution are further connected between the radiation plate and the reflecting plate, four radiation patches which have the same structure and correspond to the four vertical metal columns in a one-to-one mode are arranged on the lower side face of the radiation plate, and the radiation patches are connected with the upper ends of the corresponding vertical metal columns; the middle of the upper radiating arm and the lower radiating arm are respectively provided with a comb-shaped structure formed by three parallel strip-shaped patches, the strip-shaped patches on two sides are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the middle strip-shaped patch, and the strip-shaped patches on two sides are provided with saw-tooth-shaped patches outwards; and a transverse metal beam is connected between the middle parts of the two adjacent vertical metal columns, an intermediate metal column is connected between the middle parts of the transverse metal beams and the reflecting plate, and a pair of intermediate transverse metal beams symmetrically distributed on two sides of the coaxial line are connected between the transverse metal beams on two opposite sides.

2. The BD B1 band satellite navigation terminal antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the radiating plate and the reflecting plate are square, one of the upper radiating arms is connected with the inner center of the coaxial line at the inward end, the other of the lower radiating arms is connected with the outer center of the coaxial line at the inward end, and the upper radiating arms and the lower radiating arms are distributed on the central line of the radiating plate.

3. The BD B1 band satellite navigation terminal antenna according to claim 2, wherein: four radiation patches correspondingly connected with the four vertical metal columns are distributed on the diagonal of the radiation plate, the radiation patches are in an equilateral triangle shape, and one central line of the radiation patches coincides with the diagonal of the radiation plate where the central line of the radiation patches is located.

4. A method for operating a BD B1 band satellite navigation terminal antenna according to claim 1, wherein: by adopting the coaxial line feeding method, the upper and lower layers of the radiation arm components with the phase difference of 180 degrees are adopted, the upper radiation arm of the upper layer is assembled with the inner center of the coaxial line, the lower radiation arm of the lower layer is assembled with the outer center of the coaxial line, the radiation arms generate currents with the same amplitude and the phase difference of 90 degrees, circular polarization radiation is realized, and the coupling effect is generated through the radiation patch and the radiation arm, so that the bandwidth of the antenna can be improved.