CN111029619B - Fuel cell hydrogen circulation system, hydrogen loop control method and hydrogen discharge and drainage method - Google Patents
Fuel cell hydrogen circulation system, hydrogen loop control method and hydrogen discharge and drainage method Download PDFInfo
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell hydrogen circulation system, a hydrogen loop control method and a hydrogen discharge and drainage method. The system comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen inlet valve, a water separator, a hydrogen discharge valve, a water discharge valve and a hydrogen circulating pump, wherein an outlet of the hydrogen inlet valve is connected with a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack; the pipeline connecting the gas outlet of the water separator and the exhaust valve is lower than the hydrogen circulating pump and the hydrogen feedback loop. The control method of the hydrogen loop of the fuel cell can realize two effects of hydrogen circulation and nitrogen accumulation prevention by controlling the running and the stopping of the hydrogen circulating pump. The invention can simultaneously solve the problems of improving the utilization rate of hydrogen, preventing flooding and preventing nitrogen accumulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a hydrogen circulation system of a fuel cell, a hydrogen loop control method and a hydrogen discharge and drainage method.
Background
The fuel cell is a chemical device for directly converting chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, also called electrochemical generator, and has the advantages of high generating efficiency, less environmental pollution and the like, thus having wide application prospect. The hydrogen is used as a power source of the fuel cell automobile, and due to the problems of flammability, explosiveness, difficulty in sealing and the like, a hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation system for the fuel cell automobile has certain potential safety hazards. In addition, the flow resistance of the hydrogen system directly affects the power of the fuel cell and the utilization rate of the hydrogen fuel.
The hydrogen utilization rate of the existing fuel cell hydrogen loop control is not considered, so that excessive hydrogen discharge is caused; some consider the control of the water discharge but do not consider the control of the nitrogen gas on the side where the hydrogen gas is discharged; some consider hydrogen discharge and drainage or hydrogen circulation, but can not solve the problems of hydrogen utilization rate, flooding and nitrogen accumulation. For example, CN105742671A discloses an intermittent hydrogen discharge system for anode of fuel cell and a control method thereof, comprising: monitoring the voltage of a fuel cell stack and the nitrogen concentration at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack in real time; controlling the hydrogen at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack to start discharging when the voltage drop value of the fuel cell stack during the period of anode hydrogen discharge closing is determined to be larger than a preset voltage drop threshold value; and controlling the hydrogen discharge of the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack to stop when the nitrogen concentration at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack is determined to be smaller than a preset nitrogen concentration threshold. However, there is no hydrogen circulation structure, the hydrogen utilization rate is low, and in addition to voltage drop caused by accumulation of nitrogen, voltage drop may be caused by excessively high or excessively low humidity, and excessive hydrogen may be discharged without discharging nitrogen by judging the nitrogen concentration control shut valve, resulting in waste of hydrogen. CN108767293A discloses a proton exchange membrane fuel cell automobile hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation system, which comprises a hydrogenation module, a hydrogen storage module, a pressure regulating module and a pile hydrogen circulation module; the hydrogenation module comprises a hydrogenation port, a one-way valve and a high-pressure filter, wherein one end of the hydrogenation port is connected with the one-way valve, one end of the one-way valve is connected with the high-pressure filter, and the hydrogenation module is connected with the hydrogen storage module through the high-pressure filter; the hydrogen storage module comprises a 35MPa hydrogen cylinder, a bottleneck valve, a high-pressure sensor, a TPRD (thermal plastic deformation detector) and an overflow valve, wherein one end of one bottleneck valve is connected with the high-pressure sensor; the pressure regulating module comprises a pressure reducing valve, a medium-pressure sensor, a medium-pressure unloading valve, a vent hole and a medium-pressure filter, and is connected with the hydrogen circulating module of the galvanic pile through the medium-pressure filter; the pile hydrogen circulation module comprises a proportional solenoid valve, a low-pressure sensor, a low-pressure unloading valve, a fuel cell pile, a hydrogen-water separator, a hydrogen discharge solenoid valve, a water discharge solenoid valve and a hydrogen circulation pump. The structure of the device comprises a hydrogen discharge valve and a water discharge valve, and a hydrogen circulating device, but does not mention a specific valve and a hydrogen circulating pump control method, and the effect of timely discharging liquid water and gas impurities cannot be achieved. CN206806445U discloses zero release fuel cell intermittent type negative pressure hydrogen circulation system device, including the hydrogen admission valve, the fuel cell pile, the liquid water filter of hydrogen, the hydrogen drain valve, the hydrogen circulating pump, the hydrogen outlet valve, the exit end of hydrogen admission valve passes through the entrance point of tube coupling fuel cell pile, the exit end of fuel cell pile passes through the entrance point of tube coupling hydrogen outlet valve, the exit end of hydrogen outlet valve passes through the entrance point of the liquid water filter of tube coupling hydrogen, the exit end of the liquid water filter of hydrogen passes through the entrance point of tube coupling hydrogen circulating pump, the exit end of hydrogen circulating pump passes through the entrance point of tube coupling fuel cell pile, the lower extreme of the liquid water filter of hydrogen has the hydrogen drain valve through the tube coupling hydrogen intake pipe, the entrance point of hydrogen admission valve connects the hydrogen intake pipe. It only considers the drainage, does not consider the diffusion of air side impurities such as nitrogen gas to the hydrogen side, does not clarify the control mode of the hydrogen circulating device and each valve, and can not achieve the effects of discharging gas impurities and ensuring the utilization rate of hydrogen.
Therefore, the method has important research significance in combination with the actual use condition of the fuel cell system and simultaneously solving the problems of improving the hydrogen utilization rate, preventing flooding and preventing nitrogen accumulation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen circulation system for a fuel cell, a hydrogen loop control method, and a method for discharging hydrogen and water.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a fuel cell hydrogen circulation system, which comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen inlet valve, a water separator, a hydrogen discharge valve, a water discharge valve and a hydrogen circulation pump, wherein an outlet of the hydrogen inlet valve is connected with a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, an inlet of the water separator is connected with an outlet of the fuel cell stack, a gas outlet of the water separator is respectively connected with an inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump and an inlet of the hydrogen discharge valve, an outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack to form a hydrogen feedback loop, a water outlet of the water separator is connected with an inlet of the water discharge valve through a pipeline, and a pipeline connecting the gas outlet of the water separator and an exhaust valve is lower than the hydrogen circulation pump and the hydrogen feedback loop.
In the system of the invention, two outlets of the water separator are provided, one is an air outlet, and the other is a water outlet. The hydrogen gas circulating pump is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack to form a hydrogen gas feedback loop; the second is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen discharge valve.
In the system of the invention, the connection may be, for example, a connection using a pipe.
In the system of the invention, due to the specific connection relation and the pipeline connecting the gas outlet of the water separator and the exhaust valve is lower than the hydrogen circulating pump and the hydrogen feedback loop, the following effects can be realized: when the hydrogen circulating pump is started to operate, the hydrogen is discharged from the outlet of the fuel cell stack through the gas outlet of the water separator and returns to the inlet of the fuel cell stack through the circulating pump; when the hydrogen circulating pump is closed to stop the operation, the nitrogen is gradually accumulated in a pipeline connected with the exhaust valve at the gas outlet of the water separator under the action of gravity, and the hydrogen exhaust valve is opened to exhaust the nitrogen so as to reduce the discharge of the hydrogen as much as possible.
Preferably, in the water separator, the inlet and the air outlet are arranged on the side surface of the water separator, and the water outlet is arranged at the lower part of the water separator.
Preferably, the system further comprises an air circuit and a cooling water circuit.
Preferably, a pressure monitoring unit is arranged on the fuel cell stack for monitoring the hydrogen pressure of the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, a current monitoring unit is disposed on the fuel cell stack for monitoring an output current in the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, a voltage monitoring unit is arranged on the fuel cell stack and used for monitoring the voltage of the single cell in the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the cell voltage of each cell in the fuel cell stack is monitored for calculating the average voltage Vp。
Preferably, the cell voltage of m single cell plates near the outlet of the fuel cell stack is monitored, m is larger than or equal to 1, and the cell voltage is used for calculating the average voltage V of the m single cell platespmAnd m accounts for 15-25% (e.g. 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 23% or 25%) of the total number n of the single battery pieces.
Note that, the "vicinity of the fuel cell stack outlet" means: and selecting the single cell plates which are closest to the outlet of the fuel cell stack and account for 15-25% of the total number of the plates n, and rounding off to obtain an integer if the decimal number is small. Taking n as 100 as an example, selecting the single cell plates which are closest to the outlet of the fuel cell stack and account for 15% -25% of n, wherein the number of the single cell plates is different from 15 to 25.
Preferably, in the fuel cell stack, the total number n of the single cell pieces is more than 2, for example, n is 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 120, 150, 160, 180, 200, 220, 245, 280, 300, 320, 340, 360, 375 or 400, etc., preferably n is more than or equal to 5, and more preferably n is in the range of 20 to 400.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a fuel cell hydrogen loop control method, the method comprising:
and opening a hydrogen circulating pump to operate, discharging the hydrogen from the outlet of the fuel cell stack through the gas outlet of the water separator, and returning the hydrogen to the inlet of the fuel cell stack through the circulating pump.
Or the hydrogen circulating pump is closed to stop running, the nitrogen is gradually accumulated in a pipeline connected with the exhaust valve at the gas outlet of the water separator under the action of gravity, and the hydrogen exhaust valve is opened to exhaust the nitrogen to reduce the discharge of the hydrogen as much as possible.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a fuel cell hydrogen discharge water discharge method comprising:
the water discharge valve and the hydrogen circulating pump are in linkage control, and water discharge is regulated and controlled by changing the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump, the opening period and the opening time of the water discharge valve, so that accelerated water discharge is realized.
The hydrogen discharge valve is in linkage control with the hydrogen circulating pump and the hydrogen inlet valve, the hydrogen inlet pressure is improved by adjusting the opening frequency of the hydrogen inlet valve, the opening period and the opening time of the hydrogen discharge valve are changed under the condition that the hydrogen circulating pump is stopped, the hydrogen discharge is regulated and controlled, and the accelerated hydrogen discharge is realized.
As the preferred technical scheme of the hydrogen discharge and water discharge method, the priority of the calculation control of the water discharge valve and the hydrogen discharge valve is as follows: it is judged whether the drainage state is abnormal or not and then whether the hydrogen discharge state is abnormal or not. Through the setting of the priority, the problem of liquid water which influences the power generation performance difference of the single battery piece of the fuel battery more greatly can be solved preferentially, and the performance of the fuel battery is improved more efficiently.
Under the condition of setting the priority, the running state is judged according to the priority order, and the corresponding abnormal condition is solved.
If the drainage state is abnormal, whether the hydrogen discharge state is abnormal or not is judged, the abnormal drainage treatment is preferentially executed, and the normal treatment is executed by the hydrogen discharge valve;
if the drainage state is not abnormal, judging whether the drainage state is abnormal or not, if the drainage state is not abnormal, executing normal treatment by the drainage valve, and executing normal treatment by the hydrogen discharge valve (in this case, the two valves have no priority execution relation and can be synchronously executed); if the hydrogen discharge state is abnormal, the hydrogen discharge valve executes the hydrogen discharge abnormal processing, and the water discharge valve executes the normal processing (in this case, the two have no priority execution relation, and can be executed synchronously).
Preferably, it is determined whether the water discharge state is abnormal based on the cell voltage state in the vicinity of the outlet of the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the drainage state abnormality is: vp-Vmp>Predetermined voltage V0Said rowThe water status is not abnormal: vp-VmpLess than or equal to a predetermined voltage V0。
The invention is suitable for the predetermined voltage V0The specific value range of (a) is not limited, and those skilled in the art can determine V according to the delivery technical parameters of the fuel cell stack0And the voltage of each single battery piece is ensured not to exceed a preset value in the working process, and the power generation consistency is ensured, and the voltage can be 0.05V, for example.
Preferably, it is determined whether the hydrogen discharge state is abnormal based on the average voltage of the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the hydrogen discharge state abnormality is: vp<Predetermined voltage V2The hydrogen discharge state is not abnormal: vpNot less than a predetermined voltage V2。
The invention is suitable for the predetermined voltage V2The specific value range of (a) is not limited, and those skilled in the art can determine V from the fuel cell stack performance characteristic curve at the time of shipment2E.g. V at an output current of 50A2May be 0.8V.
Preferably, if the drain state is abnormal, the drain abnormal process is preferentially performed, and the hydrogen discharge valve performs the normal process. When the water discharge state is abnormal, the water discharge abnormal processing is preferentially executed regardless of whether the hydrogen discharge state is abnormal or not, and the hydrogen discharge valve executes the normal processing.
If the drainage state is not abnormal, judging whether the hydrogen drainage state is abnormal or not, if the hydrogen drainage state is not abnormal, prioritizing the drain valve to execute normal treatment, and executing the normal treatment by the hydrogen discharge valve; if the hydrogen discharge state is abnormal, the abnormal hydrogen discharge treatment is prioritized, and the drain valve executes the normal treatment.
The normal handling of the drain valve according to the invention is a routine operation of operating the drain valve in the field, which the skilled person can operate with reference to the prior art. More preferably, the present invention provides a method for executing normal processing of a drain valve, which specifically comprises:
estimating the liquid water amount according to the output current of the fuel cell stack and the temperature of the fuel cell stack, and calculating the opening time t of the drain valvew0According to a predetermined period Tw0And controlling the action of the drainage valve.
The method for estimating the liquid water amount according to the relationship between water generated by hydrogen-oxygen chemical reaction and output current and the relationship between the temperature of a fuel cell stack and saturated vapor pressure is the prior art, a person skilled in the art can estimate according to the method in the prior art, the opening time of a drain valve is related to the liquid water amount and parameters such as the pipe diameter of a pipeline controlled by the drain valve, and the like, and the person skilled in the art can regulate, control and actually measure and calibrate according to the corresponding parameters.
Preferably, the drainage abnormality treatment is: if VpAnd VpmIs higher than a predetermined value V0Then the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump is increased from S0Is changed into S1While the valve t is being drainedw0The on-time increases to tw1Until the voltage difference is no longer higher than V0。
Regarding the increasing amplitude of the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump and the increasing amplitude of the opening time of the drain valve, a person skilled in the art can adjust the hydrogen circulating pump according to the rotating speed-flow characteristic of the hydrogen circulating pump and the voltage difference recovery speed of the single battery cell after the opening time of the drain valve is adjusted, preferably S1Relative to S0Increased by 15-25% (e.g. 15%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 22% or 25%), tw1Relative to tw0Increase by 15% to 25% (e.g. 15%, 18%, 20%, 21.5%, 23% or 25% etc.).
Preferably, if the opening time of the drain valve is tw1In the state of (1), VpAnd VpmHas a voltage difference of v1，v1>v0Then the rotating speed of the circulating pump is increased again from S1Is changed into S2Opening time of drain valve is kept tw1Shortening the opening period of the drain valve to T1Until the voltage difference is no longer higher than v1。
The normal process performed by the hydrogen discharge valve according to the present invention is a general operation of operating the hydrogen discharge valve in the art, and those skilled in the art can operate the hydrogen discharge valve by referring to the method of the prior art. More preferably, the present invention provides a method for executing normal processing by a hydrogen discharge valve, specifically:
estimating the fuel cell stack output current and hydrogen pressureCalculating the amount of nitrogen diffused from the air side to the hydrogen side, and calculating the opening time t of the hydrogen discharge valveh0According to a predetermined period Th0And controlling the action of the hydrogen discharge valve.
The method for estimating the amount of nitrogen diffused from an air side to a hydrogen side according to the output current and the hydrogen pressure of a fuel cell stack is the prior art, nitrogen mass transfer calculation needs to be carried out by combining the inherent characteristics of a proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell stack, the opening time of a hydrogen discharge valve is related to the amount of the diffused nitrogen and the pipe diameter and other parameters of a pipeline controlled by the hydrogen discharge valve, and a person skilled in the art can carry out regulation and control and actual measurement calibration according to the corresponding parameters.
Preferably, the hydrogen discharge abnormality processing is: if VpBelow a predetermined value V2When the hydrogen circulating pump is stopped, the hydrogen inlet valve increases the opening frequency to ensure that the hydrogen pressure is increased from Ph0Is lifted to Ph1Discharge of hydrogen from period Th0Elongation to Th1Waiting for nitrogen to accumulate under the action of gravity, then opening a hydrogen discharge valve, and opening the hydrogen discharge valve for a time period according to the pressure Ph0The volume of the pipeline from the water separator outlet to the hydrogen discharge valve, the diameter of the hydrogen discharge port and the like are calculated or actually measured and calibrated to be t according to a fluid mechanics formulah1When V ispAnd V2After the voltage difference is recovered, the hydrogen discharge period T is recoveredh0And time t of hydrogen dischargeh0Starting a hydrogen circulating pump at a speed S3，S3>S0Over a period of exhaust of hydrogen Th0After that, the hydrogen inlet pressure is reduced to Ph0Then the rotating speed S of the hydrogen circulating pump is recovered0。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method of the invention definitely provides a conventional calculation method and an abnormal calculation method for the priority of a control algorithm, the hydrogen discharge period, the hydrogen discharge time, the water discharge period and the water discharge time, and further determines the specific control methods of a hydrogen discharge valve, a water discharge valve and a hydrogen circulating pump. Can simultaneously solve the problems of improving the utilization rate of hydrogen, preventing flooding and preventing accumulation of nitrogen.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell hydrogen circulation system of the present invention, wherein 1 is a fuel cell stack, 2 is a hydrogen inlet valve, 3 is a water separator, 4 is a drain valve, 5 is a hydrogen discharge valve, 6 is a hydrogen circulation pump, and 7 is a cell voltage monitoring unit;
FIG. 2a shows a hydrogen circulation system of a fuel cell in a state where a hydrogen circulation pump is in operation;
FIG. 2b shows the hydrogen circulation system of the fuel cell in a state where the hydrogen circulation pump is stopped;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the calculation of the priority of hydrogen discharge water in example 3;
fig. 4 shows a normal processing and an abnormal processing flow of the drain valve according to embodiment 3, wherein a small dashed box is the normal processing flow;
fig. 5 shows normal and abnormal processing flows of the hydrogen discharge valve in example 3, wherein a small dashed box indicates the normal processing flow.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a hydrogen circulation system of a fuel cell (the structural schematic diagram of the hydrogen circulation system is shown in fig. 1, an air loop and a cooling water loop are not shown in the figure), which comprises a middle fuel cell stack 1, a left inlet is connected with a hydrogen inlet valve 2, hydrogen supplied from the outside enters the fuel cell stack 1 through the hydrogen inlet valve 2, a right outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 is connected with a water separator 3, a water outlet of the water separator 3 is connected with a drain valve 4, an air outlet of the water separator 3 is connected with a hydrogen discharge valve 5, an air outlet of the water separator 3 is connected with an inlet of a hydrogen circulation pump 6, an outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 6 is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 1 to form a hydrogen feedback loop, the system further comprises a single voltage monitoring unit 7 connected with the fuel cell stack 1, wherein a pipeline between the air outlet of the water separator 3 and the hydrogen discharge valve 5 is lower than the hydrogen circulation pump 6 and the hydrogen feedback loop, to facilitate nitrogen accumulation.
Example 2
This embodiment provides a method for controlling a hydrogen loop of a fuel cell, which uses the hydrogen circulation system of the fuel cell described in embodiment 1 to realize two effects of hydrogen circulation and nitrogen accumulation prevention by discharging nitrogen gas by controlling the operation and the stoppage of a hydrogen circulation pump, respectively, wherein the hydrogen circulation system of the fuel cell is in a state shown in fig. 2a when the hydrogen circulation pump is operated, and the hydrogen circulation system of the fuel cell is in a state shown in fig. 2b when the hydrogen circulation pump is stopped, the method comprising:
the hydrogen circulation pump is turned on to operate, so that hydrogen is discharged from the fuel cell stack outlet via the water separator gas outlet and returned to the fuel cell stack inlet via the circulation pump (the return direction is indicated in the form of a dashed arrow in the drawing).
And closing the hydrogen circulating pump to stop the hydrogen circulating pump, gradually accumulating the nitrogen at a pipeline (shown in a dotted line oval form in the figure) connected with the gas outlet of the water separator and the exhaust valve under the action of gravity, opening the hydrogen exhaust valve, and exhausting the nitrogen to reduce the discharge of the hydrogen as much as possible.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides a hydrogen discharge and water discharge method for a fuel cell, which employs the hydrogen circulation system of the fuel cell described in embodiment 1, and the method includes:
the water discharge valve and the hydrogen circulating pump are in linkage control, and water discharge is regulated and controlled by changing the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump, the opening period and the opening time of the water discharge valve;
the hydrogen discharge valve is in linkage control with the hydrogen circulating pump and the hydrogen inlet valve, the hydrogen inlet pressure is improved by adjusting the opening frequency of the hydrogen inlet valve, the opening period and the opening time of the hydrogen discharge valve are changed under the condition that the hydrogen circulating pump is stopped, and the hydrogen discharge is regulated and controlled;
specifically, it is determined whether the drain state is abnormal or not, and then it is determined whether the drain state is abnormal or not.
In this embodiment, the total number n of the single battery cells is 150, and the average voltage is VpThe average voltage of 30 single cell plates near the outlet of the fuel cell stack is Vmp. For example, V at a current of 50ApIs 0.8V, VmpIs 0.74V, V0It was 0.05V.
The drainage state abnormality is defined as: vp-Vmp>Predetermined voltage V0The drainage state is not abnormal: vp-VmpLess than or equal to a predetermined voltage V0。
The exhaust hydrogen state abnormality is defined as: vp<Predetermined voltage V2The hydrogen discharge state is not abnormal: vpNot less than a predetermined voltage V2。
If the drainage state is abnormal, whether the hydrogen discharge state is abnormal or not is judged, the abnormal drainage treatment is preferentially executed, and the normal treatment is executed by the hydrogen discharge valve;
if the drainage state is not abnormal, judging whether the hydrogen drainage state is abnormal or not, if the hydrogen drainage state is not abnormal, executing normal treatment by the drainage valve, and executing normal treatment by the hydrogen drainage valve; if the hydrogen discharge state is abnormal, the hydrogen discharge valve executes abnormal hydrogen discharge processing, and the drain valve executes normal processing.
Wherein the drain valve and the hydrogen discharge valve perform normal processing including performing control routine calculations of the respective valves. The drain exception handling and the drain exception handling include performing respective valve operation parameter calculations and exception handling.
Fig. 3 shows the priority of hydrogen discharge water calculation.
Fig. 4 shows a normal processing and an abnormal processing flow of the drain valve, wherein a small dotted frame is a normal processing flow.
The drainage valve executes normal treatment as follows: calculating the opening time t of the drain valve according to the relationship between the water generated by the hydrogen-oxygen chemical reaction and the output current and the relationship between the temperature of the fuel cell stack and the saturated vapor pressurew0According to a predetermined period Tw0And controlling the action of the drainage valve. For example, 50A current, 75 deg.C temperature, and 0.5cm diameter of drain valve pipeline2Through calculation and actual measurement calibration, the opening time t of the drain valvew0Is 1s, a preset period T1Was 35 s.
The drainage abnormity processing comprises the following steps: if VpAnd VpmIs higher than a predetermined value V0Then the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump is increased from S0Is changed into S1(S0From 3000rpm to S13500rpm, tw1Becomes 1.2s) while the drain valve t is openedw0The on-time increases to tw1Until the voltage difference is no longer higher than v0. If the opening time of the drain valve is tw1In the state of (1), VpAnd VpmHas a voltage difference of v1，v1>v0(for example, there may be a case where the monomer difference is too large, and the accumulated water amount in the previous period is too large even if the drainage time has been extended, which may cause the voltage difference to be larger than the second threshold value, for example, V10.08V), the rotating speed of the circulating pump is increased again from S1Is changed into S2(e.g. S)24000rpm), the opening time of the drain valve is kept tw1Shortening the opening period of the drain valve to T1Until the voltage difference is no longer higher than v1。
Fig. 5 shows normal processing and abnormal processing flows of the hydrogen discharge valve, wherein a small dashed box is a normal processing flow.
The hydrogen discharge valve performs normal processing as follows: estimating the amount of nitrogen diffused from the air side to the hydrogen side according to the output current of the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen pressure, and calculating the opening time t of the hydrogen discharge valveh0According to a predetermined period Th0And controlling the action of the hydrogen discharge valve.
The hydrogen discharge abnormity processing comprises the following steps: if VpBelow a predetermined value V2(e.g. V)pIs 0.8V, V20.81V), the hydrogen circulation pump is stopped, and the hydrogen inlet valve increases the opening frequency to make the hydrogen pressure from Ph0Is lifted to Ph1(e.g. P)h0Is 1.2Bar, Ph11.3bar), the hydrogen discharge period is from Th0Elongation to Th1(e.g. T)h0Is 40s, Th160s), waiting for the accumulation of nitrogen under the action of gravity, then opening a hydrogen discharge valve, and opening the hydrogen discharge valve for a time according to the pressure Ph0The volume of the pipeline from the water separator outlet to the hydrogen discharge valve, the diameter of the hydrogen discharge port and the like are calculated or actually measured and calibrated to be t according to a fluid mechanics formulah1(e.g. t)h0Is 0.3s, th1Found to be 0.4s) when V is addedpAnd V2After the voltage difference is recovered, the hydrogen discharge period T is recoveredh0And time t of hydrogen dischargeh0Starting a hydrogen circulating pump at a speed higher than a preset value S3(e.g., 3600s) over a hydrogen evacuation period Th0After that, the hydrogen inlet pressure is decreased by Ph0Then the rotating speed S of the hydrogen circulating pump is recovered0。
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated in detail by the above examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed methods, i.e. it is not meant that the present invention must rely on the above detailed methods for its implementation. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (25)
1. A fuel cell hydrogen circulation system is characterized by comprising a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen inlet valve, a water separator, a hydrogen discharge valve, a water discharge valve and a hydrogen circulating pump, wherein an outlet of the hydrogen inlet valve is connected with a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, an inlet of the water separator is connected with an outlet of the fuel cell stack, a gas outlet of the water separator is respectively connected with an inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump and an inlet of the hydrogen discharge valve, an outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack to form a hydrogen feedback loop, and a water outlet of the water separator is connected with an inlet of the water discharge valve through a pipeline;
the pipeline connecting the gas outlet of the water separator and the exhaust valve is lower than the hydrogen circulating pump and the hydrogen feedback loop; when the hydrogen circulating pump is started to operate, the hydrogen is discharged from the outlet of the fuel cell stack through the gas outlet of the water separator and returns to the inlet of the fuel cell stack through the circulating pump; when the hydrogen circulating pump is closed to stop rotating, the nitrogen is gradually accumulated in a pipeline connected with the exhaust valve at the gas outlet of the water separator under the action of gravity, and the hydrogen exhaust valve is opened to exhaust the nitrogen so as to reduce the discharge of the hydrogen as much as possible;
the water discharge valve and the hydrogen circulating pump are in linkage control, and water discharge is regulated and controlled by changing the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump, the opening period and the opening time of the water discharge valve; the hydrogen discharge valve is in linkage control with the hydrogen circulating pump and the hydrogen inlet valve, the hydrogen inlet pressure is improved by adjusting the opening frequency of the hydrogen inlet valve, the opening period and the opening time of the hydrogen discharge valve are changed under the condition that the hydrogen circulating pump is stopped, and the hydrogen discharge is regulated and controlled; the priority of the calculation control of the drain valve and the hydrogen discharge valve is as follows: it is judged whether the drainage state is abnormal or not and then whether the hydrogen discharge state is abnormal or not.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the water trap has an inlet and an air outlet disposed on a side of the water trap and a water outlet disposed on a lower portion of the water trap.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising an air circuit and a cooling water circuit.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein a pressure monitoring unit is disposed on the fuel cell stack for monitoring a hydrogen pressure of the fuel cell stack.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein a current monitoring unit is disposed on the fuel cell stack for monitoring an output current in the fuel cell stack.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein a voltage monitoring unit is disposed on the fuel cell stack for monitoring cell voltages of the individual cells in the fuel cell stack.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the cell voltage of each cell in the fuel cell stack is monitored to calculate an average voltage Vp。
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the cell voltage of m cell sheets near the outlet of the fuel cell stack is monitored, m is larger than or equal to 1, and the cell voltage is used for calculating the average voltage V of the m cell sheetspmAnd m accounts for 15-25% of the total number n of the single battery pieces.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the total number n of the single battery plates in the fuel battery stack is more than or equal to 2.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the total number n of the single battery plates in the fuel battery stack is more than or equal to 5.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the total number n of the single battery plates in the fuel battery stack is in the range of 20-400.
12. A fuel cell hydrogen circuit control method, characterized in that the method comprises:
opening a hydrogen circulating pump to enable the hydrogen circulating pump to operate, discharging the hydrogen from an outlet of the fuel cell stack through a gas outlet of the water separator, and returning the hydrogen to an inlet of the fuel cell stack through the circulating pump;
or the hydrogen circulating pump is closed to stop running, the nitrogen is gradually accumulated in a pipeline connected with the exhaust valve at the gas outlet of the water separator under the action of gravity, and the hydrogen exhaust valve is opened to exhaust the nitrogen to reduce the discharge of the hydrogen as much as possible.
13. A fuel cell hydrogen discharge water discharge method, characterized by comprising:
the water discharge valve and the hydrogen circulating pump are in linkage control, and water discharge is regulated and controlled by changing the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump, the opening period and the opening time of the water discharge valve;
the hydrogen discharge valve is in linkage control with the hydrogen circulating pump and the hydrogen inlet valve, the hydrogen inlet pressure is improved by adjusting the opening frequency of the hydrogen inlet valve, the opening period and the opening time of the hydrogen discharge valve are changed under the condition that the hydrogen circulating pump is stopped, and hydrogen discharge is regulated and controlled.
14. A fuel cell hydrogen discharge water discharge method according to claim 13, wherein the priority of the water discharge valve and the hydrogen discharge valve calculation control is: it is judged whether the drainage state is abnormal or not and then whether the hydrogen discharge state is abnormal or not.
15. The fuel cell hydrogen discharge and water discharge method according to claim 14, wherein it is determined whether the water discharge state is abnormal based on the cell voltage state in the vicinity of the outlet of the fuel cell stack.
16. According to claimThe fuel cell hydrogen discharge and water discharge method according to claim 15, wherein the water discharge state abnormality is: vp-Vmp>Predetermined voltage V0The drainage state is not abnormal: vp-VmpLess than or equal to a predetermined voltage V0。
17. The fuel cell hydrogen discharge water discharge method according to claim 14, characterized in that it is determined whether the hydrogen discharge state is abnormal based on an average voltage of the fuel cell stack.
18. The fuel cell hydrogen discharge water discharge method according to claim 17, wherein the hydrogen discharge state abnormality is: vp<Predetermined voltage V2The hydrogen discharge state is not abnormal: vpNot less than a predetermined voltage V2。
19. The fuel cell hydrogen discharge drainage method according to claim 14, wherein if the drainage state is abnormal, drainage abnormality processing is preferentially executed, and the hydrogen discharge valve executes normal processing;
if the drainage state is not abnormal, judging whether the hydrogen drainage state is abnormal or not, if the hydrogen drainage state is not abnormal, prioritizing the drain valve to execute normal treatment, and executing the normal treatment by the hydrogen discharge valve; if the hydrogen discharge state is abnormal, the abnormal hydrogen discharge treatment is prioritized, and the drain valve executes the normal treatment.
20. The fuel cell hydrogen discharge water discharge method according to claim 19, wherein the water discharge valve performs normal processing of: estimating the liquid water amount according to the relationship between the water generated by the hydrogen-oxygen chemical reaction and the output current and the relationship between the temperature of the fuel cell stack and the saturated vapor pressure, and calculating the opening time t of the drain valvew0According to a predetermined period Tw0And controlling the action of the drainage valve.
21. The fuel cell hydrogen discharge water discharge method according to claim 19, wherein the water discharge abnormality processing is: if VpAnd VpmHigh voltage difference ofAt a predetermined value V0Then the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump is increased from S0Is changed into S1While the valve t is being drainedw0The on-time increases to tw1Until the voltage difference is no longer higher than v0。
22. The fuel cell hydrogen discharge water discharge method according to claim 21, characterized in that S1Relative to S0Increased by 15-25%, tw1Relative to tw0The increase is 15 to 25 percent.
23. The fuel cell hydrogen discharge water discharge method according to claim 21, wherein if the opening time of the water discharge valve is at tw1In the state of (1), VpAnd VpmHas a voltage difference of v1，v1>v0Then the rotating speed of the circulating pump is increased again from S1Is changed into S2Opening time of drain valve is kept tw1Shortening the opening period of the drain valve to T1Until the voltage difference is no longer higher than v1。
24. The fuel cell hydrogen discharge water discharge method according to claim 19, wherein the hydrogen discharge valve performs normal processing of: estimating the amount of nitrogen diffused from the air side to the hydrogen side according to the output current of the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen pressure, and calculating the opening time t of the hydrogen discharge valveh0According to a predetermined period Th0And controlling the action of the hydrogen discharge valve.
25. The fuel cell hydrogen discharge water discharge method according to claim 19, wherein the hydrogen discharge abnormality processing is: if VpBelow a predetermined value V2When the hydrogen circulating pump is stopped, the hydrogen inlet valve increases the opening frequency to ensure that the hydrogen pressure is increased from Ph0Is lifted to Ph1Discharge of hydrogen from period Th0Elongation to Th1Waiting for nitrogen to accumulate under the action of gravity, then opening a hydrogen discharge valve, and opening the hydrogen discharge valve for a time period according to the pressure Ph0The volume of the pipeline from the water separator outlet to the hydrogen discharge valve and the diameter of the hydrogen discharge port are calculated according to a fluid mechanics formulaThe actual measurement is designated as th1When V ispAnd V2After the voltage difference is recovered, the hydrogen discharge period T is recoveredh0And time t of hydrogen dischargeh0Starting a hydrogen circulating pump at a speed S3，S3>S0Over a period of exhaust of hydrogen Th0After that, the hydrogen inlet pressure is reduced to Ph0Then the rotating speed S of the hydrogen circulating pump is recovered0。
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| CN111697254B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-02-22 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Hydrogen circulation device system, regulation and control method thereof and fuel cell device system |
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